MATHEMATICS 9

Name: __________________________________ Date: _____________

Grade Level & Section:_____________________ Score: ____________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

CONDITIONS THAT MAKE A QUADRILATERAL A PARALLELOGRAM

A quadrilateral is a polygon in Euclidean plane geometry with four edges (sides) and four vertices
(corners). Some of the special types of quadrilateral are parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus, square, kite,
trapezoid, and isosceles trapezoid.

In your previous year, you have learned that a parallelogram is a quadrilateral with both pairs of
opposite sides parallel.
L O
In ▱ LOVE ,
LO ´ and ´¿ ‖ OV
´ ‖ EV ´

E V
The following are theorems or conditions that guarantee a quadrilateral to be a parallelogram.
THEOREM 1
If the diagonals of a quadrilateral C A ´ ≅ RS
If CS ´ , and
bisect each other, then the S ÁS ≅ ÉS, then
quadrilateral is a parallelogram. ▱ CARE is a
E R parallelogram

´ AE
Given: CR∧ ´ bisects each other at S
Prove: ▱ CARE is a parallelogram
Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
´ AE
1. CR∧ ´ bisects each other at S Given
´ ≅ RS,
2. CS ´ ÁS ≅ ÉS Definition of segment bisector

3. ∠ CSE ≅ ∠ RSA, ∠ CSA ≅ ∠ RSE Vertical Angles are congruent

4. ∆ CSE ≅ ∆ RSA , ∆CSA ≅ ∆ RSE SAS Postulate

5. ∠ CES ≅ ∠ RAS, ∠ CAS ≅ ∠ RES CPCTC

´ ‖ RA,
6. CE ´ CA
´ ‖ ER
´ AICP Theorem

7. ▱ CARE is a parallelogram Definition of parallelogram

Examples: Can you prove that quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram? Explain your answer.
 ´ ≅ DE,
1. Given: AE ´ BE
´ ≅ DE
´ 2. AS = CS, DS = BS
A B A B

S
S
D C D C

Answer:
1. No, the diagonals do not bisect each other. So, ABCD is not a parallelogram.
2. Yes, the diagonals bisect each other. So, ABCD is a parallelogram.

THEOREM 2
If both pairs of opposite sides of a C A ´ ≅ ER
If CA ´ , and
quadrilateral are congruent, then the CE ´ , then ▱ CARE is a
´ ≅ RA
quadrilateral is a parallelogram. parallelogram
E R

THEOREM 3
If both pairs of opposite angles of a C A If ∠ C ≅∠ R, and
quadrilateral are congruent, then ∠ E ≅ ∠ A, then ▱ CARE is a
the quadrilateral is a parallelogram. parallelogram
E R

Examples: Can you prove that quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram? Explain your answer.
1. A B 2. A B

D C D C

Answer:
1. Yes, both pairs of opposite angles are congruent. So, ABCD is a parallelogram.
2. No, the given information is not enough to prove that ABCD is a parallelogram.

THEOREM 4
If one pair of opposite sides of a C A ´ ‖ ER
If CA ´ , and

quadrilateral is both parallel and CA´ ≅ ER´ , then ▱ CARE is a

parallelogram
congruent, then the quadrilateral is E R
a parallelogram.

THEOREM 5
If an angle of a quadrilateral is C A If ∠ Cand ∠ A are
100° 80°

80° 100°
 supplementary to both consecutive supplementary angles, and
angles, then the quadrilateral is a
∠ Cand ∠ E are
parallelogram.
supplementary angles, then
m ∠C + m ∠A =180° ▱ CARE is a parallelogram
m ∠C + m ∠E =180°

Examples: Can you prove that quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram? Explain your answer.
1. 2. A 5 B
A B

8 8

D C D C
5

Answer:
1. No, only one pair of opposite sides are congruent. We are not sure if they are parallel. So, ABCD is not a
parallelogram.
´ DC,
2. Yes, AB‖ ´ and AB´ ≅ DC,
´ both pairs of opposite angles are congruent. So, ABCD is a parallelogram.

Learning Competency: determines the conditions that make a quadrilateral a parallelogram. M9GE-IIIa-2

Learning Task 1.
Fill in the blanks to make each statement correct. Choose your answer from the words inside the box.

To
angles diagonals congruent supplementary triangles

show that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram,

1. show that each diagonal divides the parallelogram into two congruent ______.
2. show that both pairs of opposite sides are ______.
3. show that both pairs of opposite ______ are congruent.
4. show that one angle is ______ to both of its consecutive angles.
5. show that the ______ bisect each other.
Learning Task 2.
Determine which of the following quadrilaterals are parallelograms using markings on each figure. If
YES, write the definition or theorem that justifies your answer. Otherwise, write NO.
9 cm
1. 2. 3.
6 cm 6 10 cm 10 cm
cm
9 cm
4. 5. 6.
50° 130°

50°
50°

4 cm
7. 8. 9.

60°
10.

Learning Task 3.
Find the value of x that will make quadrilateral KIND a parallelogram. Write the theorem or definition
that will justify your answer.
1. K 9 cm I 2. K I 3.
K 110°
I
70°
x

9 cm X 70°
D
D N
N D N

4. K 2x I 5. K I
x x + 10

D N
D N
8

Learning Task 4.
Describe and correct the error in determining whether the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.

K 9 cm I
K 5 cm I
6 cm
5 cm
9 cm
D N D N
6 cm

▱ KIND is a parallelogram because ▱ KIND is a parallelogram because

opposite sides of the parallelogram opposite sides of the parallelogram
are congruent. are parallel and congruent.

LESSON 2
PROPERTIES OF A PARALLELOGRAM
 In the previous lesson, you have learned the theorems or conditions that will make a quadrilateral a
parallelogram. Now, let us extend your knowledge on parallelogram.
In this lesson, you will be able to use different properties to find the measures of angles, sides, and
other quantities of parallelograms.

The following are the properties of parallelograms related to the measure of angles, sides, and other
quantities.

Given: ▱ LOVE is a parallelogram, L O

LO ´ and ¿´ ‖ OV
´ ‖ EV ´
S
1. Opposite sides are congruent.
LO ´ , ´¿ ≅ VO
´ ≅ VE ´
2. Opposite angles are congruent. E V
∠ E ≅ ∠ O ,∠ L ≅ ∠V
3. Any two consecutive angles are supplementary.
m ∠L + m ∠O = 180° m ∠V + m ∠E = 180°
m ∠O + m ∠V = 180° m ∠E + m ∠L = 180°
4. Diagonals bisect each other.
´ ≅ VS
LS ´ , ÉS ≅ OS
´
5. Each diagonal divides the parallelogram into two congruent triangles.
∆ LEO ≅ ∆ VOE ∆ LOV ≅ ∆ VEL

Examples:
Given: ▱ HOPE is a parallelogram, complete the statements and justify your answers.
1. HE´ ≅¿ , HO
´ ≅¿ H O

2. If HO = 5 cm, then EP = ____ S

3. ∠ H ≅ ¿¿ ∠ E ≅ ¿¿
E P
4. If m ∠E = 50°, then what is the measure of ∠O?
5. If HP = 10 cm, then HS = ____, PS = ____.
6. If ES = 6 cm, then OS = ____, EO = ____.
7. If m ∠O = 60°, then m ∠P =____ and m ∠H =____
8. m ∠H + m ∠O =____
9. m ∠E + ____ = 180°
10. ∆ HEP ≅____

Answers:
´ , EP
1. OP ´ opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent
2. 5 cm opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent
3. ∠ P ,∠ O opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent
4. 50° opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent
5. 5 cm, 5 cm diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other
6. 6 cm, 12 cm diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other
7. 120°, 120° consecutive angles of a parallelogram are supplementary
 8. 180° consecutive angles of a parallelogram are supplementary
9. m ∠H or m ∠P consecutive angles of a parallelogram are supplementary
10. ∆ POH Each diagonal divides the parallelogram into two congruent
triangles.
Learning Competencies: uses properties to find measures of angles, sides and other quantities involving
parallelograms. M9GE-IIIb-1
Learning Task 1.

Complete each statement.

1. In a parallelogram, opposite sides are ______ and ______.
2. Opposite angles of a parallelogram are ______.
3. In a parallelogram, consecutive angles are ______.
4. Diagonals of a parallelogram ______ each other.
5. Each ______ of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent ______.

Learning Task 2.
Using the theorems and properties of a parallelogram, complete the following statements and give a reason
for your answers.
Given: ▱ LOVE is a parallelogram L O
1. OV´ ‖ ____, OL
´ ‖ ____
2. ´ ≅ ____, OL
OV ´ ≅ ____ U

3. ∠ O ≅ ____, ∠ L ≅ ____
4. m ∠O + m ∠V = ____ E V
m ∠O + ____= 180°
5. OE = 10 cm, OU = ____, EU = ____
6. UL = 10 cm, LV = ____, UV = ____
7. LV = 8 cm, LU = ____, UV = ____
8. ∆ LEV ≅ ∆ ¿
Learning Task 3.
Find the value of each variable in the parallelogram.

1. 14 cm 2. 3.
x° y°

7 cm x

y 110° z°

4. 11 cm 5. 6. 3y - 5

Reflection: 2x° y°

9 cm x–2 2x + 3 x+7
Today, something new that I learned was ________________________________.
I need to work
y + on
5 ___________________________________________________.
85° y + 11
I need help with ____________________________________________________.

References:
https://tutors.com/math-tutors/geometry-help/proving-a-quadrilateral-is-a-parallelogram
 https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Geometry/Quadrilaterals/QDParallelograms.html
https://study.com/academy/lesson/proving-that-a-quadrilateral-is-a-parallelogram.html
Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material pp. 309-313
https://www.mathplanet.com/education/geometry/quadrilaterals/properties-of-parallelograms
https://calcworkshop.com/quadrilaterals/properties-parallelograms/
https://byjus.com/maths/parallelogram/
Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material pp. 314-319

Prepared by:

JAHARA M. FEROLINO
Math Teacher