Olympiad Champs English: India'S First Book Following National Curriculum Framework 2005

i
Contents
3
Olympiad Champs
English
INDIA'S FIRST BOOK FOLLOWING
National Curriculum Framework 2005
v Use of Interactive and Self Indulging language.
v Quick Concept Review with Diagrams & Illustrations.
v Amazing Facts, Real-life Examples, Historical Preview, Concept-

Misconcept, Short-cut to Problem Solving.
v Exercises in MCQ format in 2 difficulty levels.
v Level 1 contains Beginner's level MCQs - Odd One Out, Analogy,

Fillers.
v Level 2 contains Advanced level MCQs - Matching, Chronological

order, Feature based, Integer based, Statement Correct-Incorrect,
Puzzle based, Grid based, Crossword, Venn diagrams, Table/ Chart
based MCQs.
v Comprising questions of various National and International

Olympiads.
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iii
Contents
Preface
We are pleased to launch the third edition of Olympiad Champs English Class 3 which is the
first of its kind book on Olympiad in many ways.
The Unique Selling Proposition of this new edition is the inclusion of past year questions of
different Olympiad exams held in schools.
The book is aimed at achieving not only success but deep rooted learning in children. It is
prepared on content based on National Curriculum Framework prescribed by NCERT. All the
text books, syllabi and teaching practices within the education programme in India must follow
NCF. Hence, Olympiad Champs become an ideal book not only for the Olympiad Exams but also
for strengthening the concepts for the relevant grade.
There is an exhaustive range of thought provoking questions in MCQ format to test the
student’s knowledge thoroughly. The questions are designed so as to test the knowledge,
comprehension, evaluation, analytical and application skills. Solutions and explanations are
provided for all questions. The questions are divided into two levels-Level 1 and Level 2. The
first level, Level 1, is the beginner’s level which comprises of questions like fillers, analogy and
odd one out. When the child covers Level 1, it means his basic knowledge about the subject is
clear and now it is ready for Level 2. The second level is the advanced level. Level 2 comprises
of techniques like matching, chronological sequencing, picture, passage and feature based,
statement correct/ incorrect, integer based, puzzle, grid based, crossword, venn diagram,
table/ chart based and much more.
The first concern which each parent faces is how to make their children read a book especially
when it is based on academics. Keeping this in mind interesting facts, real life examples,
historical preview, short cut to problem solving, charts, diagrams, illustrations and poems
are added. In addition to this we have introduced comic strip which increases the readability
quotient and make the reading experience for the children more exciting.
With the vision to remove all the misconception a child may have pertaining to the subject, to
relate his knowledge to the real world and to develop a deeper understanding of the subject
this book will cater all the requirements of the students who are going to appear in Olympiads.
While preparing this book, some errors might have crept in. We request our readers to identify
those errors and send it across on feedback_disha@aiets.co.in.
We wish you all the best for your Olympiads and happy reading…….
Team Disha
For feedback : feedback_disha@aiets.co.in.
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EBD_7338
iv Contents
Contents
1. Jumbled Words and Sentences 1-10
2. Spellings 11-20
3. Noun 21-36
4. Pronouns 37-50
5. Adjectives 51-62
6. Verb 63-74
7. Adverb 75-84
8. Articles 85-94
9. Preposition 95-102
10. Interjection 103-110
11. Conjunctions 111-118
12. Antonyms and Synonyms 119-130
13. Subject and Predicate 131-140
14. Question and Question Tags 141-150
15. Punctuations 151-158
16. Idioms, Phrases and Proverbs 159-168
17. Tenses 169-178
18. Vocabulary 179-192
19. Letter Writing 193-200
20. Story Writing 201-210
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Jumbled Words and Sentences 1
CHAPTER FOREWORD
Rearranging jumbled words or sentences is an exciting activity. Here is one for you.
Some picture clues are also provided to help you.
Unscramble the words given below with the help of the pictures.
1. kswnirle ______________________
2. aevesl ______________________
3. liuebatfu ______________________
4. alebumrl ______________________
5. Neenig ______________________
After reading this chapter, you will be able to correctly arrange the jumbled
sentence.
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2 Olympiad Champs–English
1
Chapter
Jumbled Words
and Sentences
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Amazing Facts This lesson will help you to:—
v You might not realise it, but v comprehend the meaning of jumbled sentence.
your brain is a code-cracking v put the jumbled sentence in order.
machine.
For emaxlpe, it deson’t QUICK CONCEPT REVIEW
mttaer in waht oredr the
ltteers in a wrod aepapr, the Proper sentences are divided into phrases. These phrases
olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht are jumbled. The student is expected to look at the
the frist and lsat ltteer are
jumbled phrases, comprehend the meaning implied, and
in the rghit pcale. The rset
can be a toatl mses and you put the sentence in order.
can sitll raed it wouthit
pobelrm. A. . B.
K. . . W
C .. . . A .
v S1M1L4RLY, Y0UR
M1ND 15 R34D1NG 7H15
D .
4U70M471C4LLY W17H0U7
3V3N 7H1NK1NG 4B0U7 17.
S . R
Look at the figure given above ! I bet you can’t make

out the head or tail of it. It is just a motley or a zigzag
arrangement of letters.
It is of no use unless you arrange it in a logical order.
It spells BACKWARDS. I am sure you know what it
means !
So what we need is not just letters but letters arranged
in a logical order so as to form meaningful words.
Now, Read this !
There are bricks of words on a road. Shortcut to Problem Solving
It’s always a good idea to read

happy
Mer the answer options to figure
Wish ry out the most correct sentence,
w than to try solving the jumbled
Christmas Ne
sentence yourself. First identify
you
the jumbled sentence then try
Yea We
a r and solve the predicate. After
and this find the tense and then the
verb.
Let us Arrange them to form a sentence.

We Wish
You Merry Christmas

and a happy New Year
That makes good sense, doesn’t it ?

The very purpose of this lesson is to help you to make
sense out of letters, words and sentences.
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Multiple Choice Questions

LEVEL- 1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 10) : Arrange the jumbled words to make meaningful sentences.
1. Today / happy / I / feeling / very / am
(a) Today I am feeling happy very. (b) Am I feeling happy very today.
(c) I am feeling very happy today. (d) Feeling very happy today I am.
2. Flying / birds / the / sky / in / are
(a) Birds are the flying in the sky. (b) The birds are flying in the sky.
(c) Flying in the sky are the birds. (d) In the sky flying are the birds.
3. Good / Radhika / student / a / is (2013)
(a) Radhika a good student is. (b) Good student is a Radhika.
(c) A good student is Radhika. (d) Radhika is a good student.
4. Sreeram / sister / fighting / always / is / with / his
(a) Sreeram is always fighting with his sister.
(b) Sreeram sister is always fighting with sister.
(c) Always fighting his sister is with Sreeram.
(d) With his sister always fighting is Sreeram.
5. Love / children / food / to / fast / eat. (2014)
(a) Fast food children love to eat. (b) Children love to eat fast food.
(c) Love to eat children fast food. (d) Food to eat fast children love.
6. Pray / atleast / once / every / at / day / we
(a) Once must pray we at least every day.
(b) Pray at least once every day we must.
(c) We must pray at least once every day.
(d) At everyday we at least once must pray.
7. Viewing / T.V / health / to / injurious / is time / a / long / for (2016)
(a) Viewing T.V for a long time is injurious to health.
(b) A long time T.V viewing is injurious to health.
(c) Injurious to health is T.V. viewing for a long time.
(d) None of these.
8. Die/ to / afraid / going / I’ m / he is (2015)
(a) He is afraid going I’m to die. (b) Die I’m going to he is afraid.
(c) I’m afraid he is going to die. (d) Going he is I’m afraid to die.
9. Tom and Jerry / my / is / favourite / cartoon / movie
(a) Is my favourite movie cartoon Tom and Jerry.
(b) My favourite cartoon movie is Tom and Jerry.
(c) Cartoon movie is my favourite Tom and Jerry.
(d) Tom and Jerry cartoon movie is my favourite.
10. I / final / examination / with / colours / flying passed / have (2017)
(a) With flying colours have I passed the final examination.
(b) I have passed the final examination with flying colours.
(c) The final examination have I passed with flying colours.
(d) I have passed with flying colours in the final examination.
Directions (Qs. 11 to 20) : Unscramble the names of some interesting sports. Choose the
correct word from the options given.
11. NOLENGLISRK
(a) Snorkelling (b) Sky Diving (c) Snorkeling (d) Snowballing
12. GILDIPRAGNA (2013)
(a) Parqliding (b) Glidingpara (c) Pumelling (d) Paragliding
13. SIIKING
(a) Skying (b) Skiing (c) Skeeing (d) Skiting
14. GNMICORCKLBI (2014)
(a) Climbing rock (b) Climbing (c) Rock climbing (d) Rocketing
15. NYGKAAKI
(a) Boating (b) Sailing (c) Kayaking (d) Kayale
16. GIRSURN (2015)
(a) Rafting (b) Surfing (c) Sailing (d) Boating
17. NREIUMONTANEIG
(a) Mountaiming (b) Mountain climbing
(c) Mountain trakking (d) Mountaineering
18. GIARTEWARFTN (2012)
(a) Rafting (b) Water rafting (c) Rafting water (d) None of these
19. SBLIBLRAIDS
(a) Carroms (b) Billiards (c) Nine Pins (d) None of these
20. NBDTAMONNI
(a) Tennes (b) Table Tennis (c) Badminton (d) Lawn Tennis
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LEVEL- 2
Direction (Q. 21): Arrange the sentences in the proper logical order to form a story.(2014)
21. Harry Potter
0. A legend was born in the world of Wizards.
1. On his sixteenth birthday he received a letter from Hogwartz, the wizard school.
2. One day the letters flew in from all sides of the house.
3. He lived with his uncle and aunt, and a spoilt cousin.
4. His uncle prevented him from reading the letter.
5. Harry Potter was an orphan.
6. His uncle decided to leave the orphan.
7. Hagrid, a teacher at Hogwartz crashed into the house and rescued Harry Potter.
(a) 5 2 1 4 0 7 3 6 (b) 5 3 1 4 2 6 7 0
(c) 2 5 4 6 1 3 7 0 (d) 0 7 6 5 1 3 4 2
Directions (Qs. 22 and 23): Read the stories given and then place the events as they
occurred in correct sequence.
22. The Sad Rainbow
A while ago, the world was always happy and perfect-no death, no violence, no greed, no
rushing and no meanness. Every one was happy except for rainbow. Rainbow was always unhappy
because she was always stuck up in the clouds and sky and no one ever noticed her. One day she
realized they did not notice her because she was colourless. She was simply black and white.
Then one day she thought that enough is enough. So the rainbow decided to go to meet the
shining sun. It was a long journey from the rainbow's home to sun's shining rays. When she
finally reached sun's rays sun asked her, "Why hello! What can I do for you today?"
"Well...," rainbow asked hesitantly. "Well, I was wondering if
you can give me colours for the rays on my body."
"Hmm..." The sun said. "Well, I guess you should have some
colour on you." Then the sun said, "but only if you will be happy
all the time." Rainbow agreed.
The rainbow agreed with the sun and shook hands. With that
shake of the hands, rainbow felt a little funny. She started to
look at herself and saw that her black and white colours were
turning into wonderful colours: green, red, yellow, orange, blue
and almost every colour in the world. Rainbow felt so happy that
she shone so brightly the whole world noticed her. From that day onwards, you could always
see her shining after an angry storm trying to make everyone feel better after the rain.
Place the events in the correct sequence by using the numbers 1-6:
_________ The rainbow realised that she didn't have any colours.
_________ The rainbow and sun shook hands.
_________ The rainbow was the only sad thing on earth.
_________ The rainbow agreed to be happy for the sun.
_________ The rainbow started to feel much better.
_________ The rainbow talked to the sun.
Tick the correct sequence option from the following:
(a)
256314 (b)
251463 (c)
321654 (d)
123654
23. Janie the Genie (Tricky)
Once there was a genie named Janie. Janie was a normal Genie
that could give you three wishes. One day Janie went to give a
little boy named John three wishes. John was an unhappy little
boy. So when Janie gave him three wishes John's first wish was
for a lion. The lion was very big and crushed all of John's toys.
John was so unhappy. John's little sister was loud, so John's
second wish was that his sister should go somewhere. One rainy
day John was bored. He asked his mom if she could play with him
but his mom said she had to wash the dishes. John then asked
his dad but his dad was reading the newspaper. John was really
unhappy. The lion had crushed all his toys so he couldn't play with
them and his sister was gone. John wished he had his sister back
and for the lion to go away. He told Janie what he wanted. John
learned the lesson "be careful what you wish for."
Place the events in the correct sequence by using the numbers 1-6:
_________ John wished his sister should go somewhere.
_________ The lion crushed all of John's toys.
_________ John was granted three wishes by Janie.
_________ John's mom told him she had to do the dishes.
_________ John wished for a Lion.
_________ John wished his sister comes back.
Tick the correct sequence option from the following:
(a) 654123 (b) 321654 (c) 123456 (d) 431526
Direction (Q 24) : Unscramble the 15 jumbled words given below and out of them, find how
many names of colours are mentioned. (2015)
24. der oelwly egenr ulbe troshci
regoan owbnr bckla wehti lsntpa
knip eupplr dlog eegbi faso
Out of these, how many are names of colours? Tick the right answer :

(a)
9 (b)
2 (c)
10 (d)
12
Directions: (Qs 25 to 30) : Read the clues and solve the crossword.
25. What is drawn by everyone without pen or pencil?
(a) ribbon (b) heart TRBEHA
(c) breadth (d) breath

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26. What goes up and down but doesn't move? (Tricky)
(a) A staircase (b) A swing TRASAISECA
(c) A satellite (d) A table

27. What has four legs and a back but no body?
(a) A chair (b) A human ACIAHR
(c) A plant (d) A tree

28. What is the best day to go to the beach? (2013)
(a) Saturday (b) Monday ANSUYD
(c) Friday (d) Sunday

29. What insect runs away from everything?
(a) A leak (b) A flea AFAEL
(c) A fly (d) A leech

30. What kind of cup doesn't hold water? (2014)
(a) A Cupcake (b) A spongecake AKCAUEPC
(c) A choco-cake (d) A peanut cake

Directions (Qs. 31 to 33) : Unscramble the words to form a question and a statement.
31. Those/ are/ ready/ cookies/ eat/ to
(a) Q: Is those cookies ready to eat? (b) Q: Are that cookies ready to eat?
S: Those cookies is ready to eat. S: That cookies are ready to eat.
(c) Q: Are those cookies ready to eat? (d) Q: Is cookies those ready to eat?
S: Those cookies are ready to eat. S: Those cookies are ready to eat.
32. Very/ the/ hot/ is/ stove (2015)
(a) Q: Are stove very the hot? (b) Q: Is the stove very hot?
S: Stove is the very hot. S: The stove is very hot.
(c) Q: Are the stove very hot? (d) Q: Is stove very the hot?
S: The stove is very hot. S: Stove is the very hot.
33. My/ is/ favourite/ basketball/ sport
(a) Q: Which is your favourite sport?
S: My favourite sport is basketball.
(b) Q: What your favourite sport is?
S: My is favourite sport basketball.
(c) Q: Which favourite sport is basketball?
S: My favourite sport is basket ball.
(d)
Q: Whose favourite sport basketball is?
S: My favourite sport basketball is.

Directions (Qs. 34 to 36) : Read the sentences and choose the options showing misspelt words.
34.
Parrots have colourful fethers

W X Y Z
(2016)
(a) Y (b) Z (c) W (d) X
carpenter makes tables chiars

35. The and
P Q R S
(2017)
(a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) S
nurse asisted doctor operation

36. The the in the (2013)
W X Y Z
(a) W (b) X (c) Y (d) Z

Directions (Qs. 37 to 40) : In each question four sentences are given. Identify the
sentences among them which has words in the correct order.
37. (a) Pets make great birds (b) Great birds make pets (2013)
(c) Birds make great pets (d) Great pets make birds
38. (a) He had grown so big (b) He had big so grown (2014)
(c) So he had big grown (d) So had he big grown.
39. (a) The shone sun so beautifully (b) The sun shone so beautifully
(c) The sun beautifully shone so (d) The shone so beautifully sun
40. (a) The little prince was frightened (b) The prince little was frightened
(2017)
(c) The frightened little was prince (d) The frightened prince was little
RESPONSE GRID
1. a b c d 2. a b c d 3. a b c d 4. a b c d 5. a b c d
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Solutions with Explanation

LEVEL- 1
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a)
5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c)
9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (a) Snorkel is a breathing device consisting of a bent tube fitting into a swimmers
mouth and extending above the surface; allows swimmer to breathe while face
down in the water. Snorkelling is swimming by using a snorkel.
12. (d) A sport in which a wide canopy resembling a parachute is attached to a person's
body by a harness in order to allow them to glide.
13. (b) Skiing is a group of sports using skis as equipment for traveling over snow. Skis are
used in conjunction with boots.
14. (c) The sport or pastime of climbing rock face.
15. (c) The sport of operating or riding a sail boat.
16. (b) The sport or pastime of being carried to the shore on the crest of large waves
while standing or lying on a surfboard.
17. (d)
18. (b) The sport or activity of climbing mountains.
19. (b) Games played on rectangular cloth-covered table (with cushioned edges) in which
long tapering cue sticks are used.
20. (c) A game with rackets in which a shuttlecock is volleyed across a net.
LEVEL- 2
21. (b) 53142670
22. (b) 251463
23. (d) 431526
24. (d) (red, yellow, green, blue, ostrich, orange, brown, black, white, plants, pink, purple,
gold, beige, sofa)
25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (d)
29. (b) 30. (a) 31. (c) 32. (b)
33. (a) Q: Which is your favourite sport?
S: My favourite sport is basketball.
34. (b) 35. (d) 36. (b) 37. (c)
38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (a)
CHAPTER FOREWORD
Spellings 11
This chapter deals with different aspects of spelling. Let us begin with a warm-up activity.
Look at the words given below. Spell them correctly.
Correct Spelling Correct Spelling
1. 5.

CHUMNEEY ________________
CHEMPAZEE ________________
2. 6.

SINFLOWER ________________ FRIGHTINED ________________

3. 7.

START
PERECHOTE ________________ BIGINING ________________
4. 8.

LEGTHNUNG ________________ INJYMENT ________________

After reading this chapter, you will be able to spell the words correctly and learn new
ways to learn spellings.
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2
Chapter
Spellings
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Amazing Fact
This lesson will help you to:—
v prepare your spellings and make you comfortable
v There are only three 'eed'
with them.
words- exceed, proceed,
succeed. v support your skill level and help you learn spellings in
multiple ways.
Peom on
QUICK CONCEPT REVIEW
Spelling and Pronunciation v Spelling problems are very common, even the brightest
students struggle with spellings.
Author not known,
v There are two ways through which children
I take it you already know
memorize spellings either by decoding the words or
Of TOUGH and BOUGH and by memorizing the whole word.
COUGH and DOUGH.
Others may stumble but not you SOME RULES OF SPELLING
On HICCOUGH, THOROUGH,
LAUGH and THROUGH Rule No. 1: I before E, except after C
Well done! And now you wish, v It helps to spell words such as receive, chief,
perhaps, achieve, believe, brief, thief, friend, priest etc.
To learn of less familiar traps. Rule No. 2: Dropping final E
Beware of HEARD, a dreadful v Drop the final ‘e’ if the ending begins with a vowel-
word advancing, surprising.
That looks like BEARD and Rule No. 3: Dropping final Y
sounds like BIRD
When adding and ending to a word that ends with ‘y’,
And DEAD – it’s said like BED,
change ‘y’ to ‘i’, if it is preceded by a consonant.
not BEAD.
v Worry becomes worries.
For goodness sake, don’t call it
DEED! v Supply becomes supplies.
Watch out for MEAT and v Merry becomes merrier.
GREAT and THREAT: Rule No. 4: Doubling final consonant
They rhyme with SUITE and
When adding an ending to a word that ends in a consonant,
STRAIGHT and DEBT.
the consonant gets doubled in many situations if not
always.
Spellings 13
v Submit becomes submitting.
v Flap becomes flapping.
v Begin becomes beginning. Historical Preview
v English spelling was first

WORKING ON YOUR SPELLINGS developed in 7th century.
v One must work with commitment to improve his/ her v In 1066, Norman French
spellings. became the official
v Keep a dictionary at hand. language of England.
v Prepare a list of words you have trouble with.
METHODS USED TO LEARN SPELLINGS

v There is no universal rule or method to improve your
spelling skills.
v Learning spelling by rote (cramming) is a traditional
method of elementary education.
v Regular spelling tests help to assess spelling skills.
Free spelling tests are available on internet.
BRITISH VS AMERICAN SPELLING

We usually get confused when we see the spelling of
“colour” with the omission of “u”.
Some other British and American spelt words are-
British Spelling American Spelling

centre center
cheque check
colour color
grey gray
humour humor
cancelled canceled
criticise criticize
judgement judgment
labour labor
licence license
realise realize
theatre theater
tyre tire
valour valor
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SIGHT MEMORIZING APPROACH
v There’s a good progress when we start sight
memorizing words because early books have lots of
pictures, images etc.
v Eventually, the text gets more complex and this
strategy gets harder and harder.
v We usually feel that memorizing a word is easier
than trying to decode them.
HOW DO WE LEARN TO SPELL?

v We begin by writing strings of letters or symbols.
v Then we start by writing a few of the sounds in
words that are easily detected.
v That becomes one reason to invent spelling by
sound.
SOME MISSPELLINGS
v Google—misspelt as googol for registering their
trademark before someone pointed out the error.
v Ovaltine- a popular bedtime drink in UK and Australia
came about after it was misspelled as ovomaltine.
WONDERS OF SPELLING
v You can spell out 1 to 99 without using A.
v More words in English begin with an S than with any
other letter.
v Uruguay is the only country that has the same letter
three times in its name.
v The word misspell recently featured as the most
frequently misspelled word.
Spellings 15

LEVEL- 1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 10): Read the sentence and choose the correct word.
1. Is Bob your friend or __________ ?
(a) neighbour (b) servant (c) enemy (d) landlord
2. My __________ food is cheese pizza. (2015)
(a) worst (b) best (c) famous (d) favourite
3. Find the correct spelling.
(a) Acommodation (b) Accomodation
(c) Accommodation (d) Acommodation
4. You will __________ the parcel by tomorrow. (2013)
(a) get (b) send (c) received (d) show
5. There were a __________ questions on the test.
(a) few (b) dozen (c) lot of (d) all the above
6. Which is the correct spelling?
(a) Beginning (b) Begginning (c) Begining (d) Biginning
7. Which is the correct spelling? (2014)
(a) Listin (b) Listen (c) Lissin (d) Lisstin
8. Which is the correct spelling? (2012
(a)
Believe (b)
Beleive (c)
Beeliv (d)
Beleave
9. Find the odd one out.
(a) Hotel (b) Inn (c) Mall (d) Resort
10. Which of the following is not a correct spelling? (2016)
(a) Full (b) Grateful (c) Spoonfull (d) Thankful

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LEVEL- 2
Directions: (Qs. 11 to 14): Match one part of the spelling with another, then choose the
correct option. (Critical Thinking, 2016)

11.
List I List II
A. pru 1. urn
B. ch 2. tate
C. wa 3. dent
D. es 4. sp
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3
(b) 4 1 2 3
(c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 3 4 1 2
12.
List I List II
A. ex 1. cure
B. se 2. nch
C. pi 3. ile
D. wh 4. plore
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3
(b) 4 1 2 3
(c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 3 4 1 2
13. (2015)
List I List II
A. mi 1. eath
B. sh 2. nce
C. for 3. parate
D. se 4. sake
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3
(b) 4 1 2 3
(c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 3 4 1 2
Spellings 17
14. (Tricky, 2013)
List I List II
A. de 1. celarate
B. ac 2. nder
C. po 3. uater
D. eq 4. fend
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3
(b) 4 1 2 3
(c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 3 4 1 2
Directions (Qs. 15 to 18): Spell the words correctly using the picture clues. (2013)
15.
(a) Rhynocorous (b) Rhynocerous (c) Rhinocerous (d) Rhinoceros
16. (2016)
(a) Sculptor (b) Sculpture (c) Skullpchur (d) Sculptire
17.
(a) Lightening (b) Lightning (c) Litening (d) Lietening

18.
(a) Prezident (b) Prezidant (c) Presidant (d) President

EBD_7338
19. This grid has words which follow the rule ‘I’ before ‘e’. How many words can you
find in the grid? (Critical Thinking)
p e r c e i v e a m a h
r c e i b i h c c b c y
i h c s i e g e h e h g
e i e i f c h i i l i i
s e i s d y z l e i e e
t f p r e c e i v e v n
b e t i c h s n e v e e
n d e c e i t g n e p k
i p b r i e f f i e l d
e r e a v f d i e s e l
c o n c e i t e d a c o
e n t e r e l i e v e d
(a) 9 (b) 15 (c) 18 (d) 11
20. Pick out the correct statement. (2012)
A. Spelling of BELIEVE B. Spelling of BELEIVE
(a) Statement A is correct. (b) Statement B is correct.
(c) Both statements are correct. (d) Both statements are incorrect.
21. Pick out the correct sequence. (2014)
A. DEZIRE is the correct spelling.
B. DOUBTFULL is the correct spelling.
C. BLOSSOM is the correct spelling.
D. GRAVITY is the correct spelling.

(a)
FTFT (b)
TTFF (c)
TFTF (d)
FFTT
22. Pick out the correct sequence.
A. FRAGRANT is the correct spelling. B. FRAGRENT is the correct spelling.
C. INDICATE is the correct spelling. D. INDIKATE is the correct spelling.

(a)
FTFT (b)
TTFF (c)
TFTF (d)
FFTT
Directions (Qs. 23 to 30): Based on the cryptogram given below decode the spellings and
choose the correct option. (Tricky)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
4 3 11 17 23 19 5 18 16 14 13 25 6 7 2 24 15 1 21 10 26 12 9 20 22 8
23. 21, 26, 6, 6, 23, 1
(a) Sunday (b) Summer (c) Fishing (d) Camping
Spellings 19
24. 3, 23, 7, 17, 16, 7, 5
(a) Camping (b) Getting (c) Smelling (d) Bending
25. 9, 23, 25, 25 (2012)
(a) Well (b) Tell (c) Smell (d) Will
26. 18, 23, 25, 25, 2
(a) Hollow (b) Holiday (c) Hello (d) Health
27. 21, 6, 16, 25, 23 (2015)
(a) Smell (b) Smile (c) Small (d) Timid
28. 5, 1, 4, 21, 21 (2014)
(a) Brass (b) Cross (c) Grass (d) Spins
29. 21, 26, 7, 17, 4, 22 (2016)
(a) Summer (b) Sunday (c) Sunburn (d) Suntan
30. 16, 7, 12, 23, 7, 10, 16, 2, 7 (2014)
(a) Inventory (b) Invention (c) Invite (d) Inscribe
RESPONSE GRID
EBD_7338

LEVEL- 1
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d)
6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10.
(c)
LEVEL- 2
11. (c) The words are prudent, churn, wasp, estate.
12. (b) The words are explore, secure, pinch, while.
13. (a) The words are mince, sheath, forsake, separate.
14. (b) The words are defend, accelerate, ponder, equater.
15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (d)
19. (c) 18. The words are -chief brief believe relieved niece field piece diesel
achieve priest siege hygiene receive receipt perceive deceive deceit
ceiling.
20. (a) Statement A is correct because of the spelling rule I comes before E.
21. (d) Correct spellings are desire, doubtful, blossom and gravity. So the correct
sequence will be FFTT.
22. (c) Correct spellings are Fragrant and Indicate. So the correct sequence will be TFTF.
23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (a) 26. (c)
27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (b)
Noun 21
CHAPTER FOREWORD
In this chapter, you will know about nouns and their types.
In the grid given below, colour the ‘person’ words in blue ‘place’ words in red‘
and ‘thing’ words in green.
Ball Pilot Teacher Queen Mango
School Bus Banana Delhi Bulb
Toy Car King Market Car
Radha Mumbai Raman Boy Prime Minister
Library Glove Drum Pencil Knife
After reading this chapter, you will know more about nouns and its use in grammar.
You will also learn about different kinds of nouns and how to differentiate between
them.
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Chapter
3 Noun
Nouns LEARNING OBJECTIVES

(a) Proper Noun (b) Common Noun This lesson will help you to:—
v understand noun as a part of speech and its
grammatical usage.
v analyse different kinds of nouns and distinguishing
factors between them.
Susan is Writing v develop the idea of using the nouns in proper context.
Boys are playing.
a letter
DEFINITION
(c) Collective Noun (d) Abstract Noun A Noun is the name of a person, place, or thing; such as
Sachin, Delhi, cow, table, happiness, beauty, crowd, iron
etc.
Kinds of Noun
There are four different kinds of noun.
Tina gave a bouquet Childhood is the (a) Proper Noun: It is the name of a particular person
to her teacher. best part of our life or place and is always written with a capital letter.
Eg., Akbar was a wise king. Mumbai is a big city. Rahul
is a clever boy.
(b) Common Noun: It is a name which is common to
any and every person or thing of the same kind. Eg.,
The king is riding on his horse. That boy is going to
school. This is a busy city.

(c) Collective Noun: It denotes a number of persons or
(e) Books are on the Table (f) There are
things grouped together as one complete whole. Eg,
many pencils in
the stand.
A flock of sheep is grazing in the field. The crowd was
very big. A bunch of flowers is kept on the table.
(d) Abstract Noun: It is the name of some quality,
state or action. Abstract nouns are the things which
we cannot perceive through senses. Eg, wisdom,
poverty, youth, childhood, kindness etc.
Noun 23
(e) Gender Nouns: Nouns can be classified into four types
of gender nouns. They are- REMEMBER
• Masculine • Feminine v For the plural form of most

nouns, add ‘s’.
• Common Gender • Neuter Gender
Eg., • Pencil - pencils
Masculine Gender: Nouns that talk or indicate a male • Sticker - stickers
then it is called as masculine noun. • Door - doors
Eg., man, hero, boy, kindness etc. v For nouns that end in ch, x,
Feminine Gender: Nouns that talk or indicate a s or s sounds add ‘es’.
female then it is called as feminine noun. Eg., • Watch - watches
• Moss - mosses
Eg., women, girl, queen, actress etc. • Bus - buses
Common Gender: It refers to nouns that can either v For nouns ending in f or fe,
be male or female. change f to v and add ‘es’.
Eg., teacher, child, student, friend etc. Eg., • Leaf - leaves
• Live - lives
Neuter Gender: This type of noun is neither male nor • Knife - knives
female. These are usually non-living things.
v Some nouns have different
Eg., computer, book, pen, school etc. plural forms.
(f) Singular and Plural Nouns: The nouns are called Eg., • Child - children
singular nouns when they count one in number while • Mouse - mice
the nouns are plural when they count more than one • Goose - Geese
in number.
v Some nouns have the same
Eg., park-parks, tablet-tablets, desk-desks etc. singular and plural forms.
Eg., • Fish - fish
To change a singular noun to plural, we usually add
• Sheep - sheep
‘s/es’ at the end of the nouns.
• Series - series
WORDS SHOWING COLLECTION v For nouns ending in a vowel

(a, e, i, o, u) + y then add ‘s’.
(We have mentioned few frequently used collective nouns
here. There are many more words to show collection). Eg., • Boy - boys
• Key - keys
Collective Noun Used with the Word
v If the word ends in a
army soldiers consonant +y then ‘y’
band, orchestra singers, musicians changes to ‘ies’.
bunch grapes, flowers, keys Eg., • Country - countries
bundle sticks, hay • Sky - skies
class students
collection Stamps, coins
crew sailors
crowd people
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Activity fleet ships

flight stairs
v Create a collage of nouns.
flock sheep
Get a large piece of poster
board and using a marker, bouquet flowers
make one heading for herd cattle
common nouns , proper noun
hive bees
and collective noun. Then,
browse old magazines and company police
newspapers for examples troupe dancers
of common nouns, proper
stack hay
nouns and collective nouns.
Cut them out and paste or swarm flies, ants
tape them underneath the team players
proper heading. This collage
will help you visualize the
use of the three nouns. FORMATION OF ABSTRACT NOUNS
Words Abstract Noun
act action
bond bondage
child childhood
friend friendship
king kingship
mother motherhood
owner ownership
hero heroism
patriot patriotism
young youth
Important Tip ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION

v An abstract noun relates to There are words which can replace a group of words. Such
something which cannot actually
nouns enhance the vocabulary and are helpful in explaining
be perceived by the senses. It
thoughts. There are many more words. A few words have
denotes quality like cleverness,
kindness, state like poverty, been mentioned here for your better understanding.
youth, action like laughter,
movement etc. Abstract nouns
should not be confused with
verbs because verbs are action
or doing words which can be seen
when they are done like writing,
running, eating etc.
Noun 25
Person who goes into space to explore astronaut

something
Person who works in a bank and manages banker

accounts of others
Person who designs dresses, shoes, designer
jewellery and bags
Person who writes books and articles writer
Person who knows many languages linguist
Person who respects all religions secular
Person who dies while fighting for his martyr
country
Person who does not love his country traitor
Person who is hundred years old centenarian
Person who is interested in the welfare feminist

of women
Place where soldiers stay barrack
Place where nuns live convent
Place where lunatics are kept and treated asylum
Place where hens or fowls are kept coop
Place where eagles live in eyrie
Place where pigeons live in dovecot
Place where peasant lives in cottage
Place where currency is coined mint
Place where clothes are washed and ironed laundry
Place visited for enjoyment resort

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LEVEL-1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 15): Choose the correct option from those given below.
1. India Gate is situated in New Delhi. (2014)
(a) Abstract noun (b) Common noun (c) Proper noun (d) None
2. A tiger is chasing a deer.
(a) Proper noun (b) Common noun (c) Collective noun (d) None
3. Students gave a bouquet to their teacher. (2013)
(a) Collective noun (b) Proper noun (c) Common noun (d) None
4. A dictionary tells me the meaning of a word
(a) Plural noun (b) Collective noun (c) Proper noun (d) Singular noun
5. New York is a big city.
(a) Proper noun (b) Common noun (c) Material noun (d) None
6. A fleet of fifty ships left the harbour. (2012)
(a) Collective noun (b) Proper noun (c) Common noun (d) None
7. Our class consists of twenty boys and ten girls.
(a) Collective noun (b) Material noun (c) Abstract noun (d) Common noun
8. Her teacher got scared of the rat.
(a) Masculine gender (b) Abstract noun
(c) Proper noun (d) Common gender
9. Jewellery is made of gold, silver and diamond.(2017)
(a) Abstract noun (b) Collective noun (c) Proper noun (d) Common noun
10. A huge crowd gathered at the exhibition.
(a) Proper noun (b) Collective noun (c) Common noun (d) Abstract noun
11. She plays the piano well.
(a) Masculine gender(b) Feminine gender (c) Common gender (d) Neuter gender
12. London is the capital of England.(2016)
(a) Abstract noun (b) Proper noun (c) Common noun (d) Material noun
13. Engines are made of iron. (2015)
(a) Collective noun (b) Common noun (c) Abstract noun (d) Proper noun
14. Priya is reciting a poem.
(a) Proper noun (b) Collective noun (c) Abstract noun (d) Common noun
15. Work is worship. (2014)
(a) Common noun (b) Proper noun (c) Abstract noun (d) Collective noun
Noun 27
Directions (Qs. 16 to 20): Find the correct analogy.
16. Doctor is to patient as teacher is to _____ .
(a) customer (b) garden (c) pupil (d) school
17. Horse is to stable as fish is to _____ . (2016)
(a) sty (b) aquarium (c) kennel (d) nature
18. Petals are to flower as pages are to _____ . (2016)
(a) book (b) stem (c) pupil (d) colour
19. Bird is to aviary as bee is to ____ .
(a) honey (b) garden (c) flower (d) apiary
20. Blood is to body as ink is to _____ . (2015)
(a) pen (b) learning (c) colour (d) school
Directions (Qs. 21 to 25): Find the odd one out.
21. (a) Dora (b) cow (c) Jerry (d) Donald (2013)
22. (a) Taj Mahal (b) mosque (c) temple (d) church
23. (a) gold (b) silver (c) iron (d) platinum
24. (a) wisdom (b) poverty (c) youth (d) king (2014)
25. (a) lion (b) crowd (c) army (d) mob

Directions (Qs. 26 to 30) : Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct answer.
26. The ________ is very tiny. (2012)
(a) mouse (b) geese (c) mice (d) both (a) and (b)
27. We should always speak the ________.
(2015)
(a) lie (b) truth (c) lies (d) true
28. He gave me a red ________.
(a) orange (b) apple (c) lychee (d) both (b) and (c)
29. ________ is a good habit.
(2013)
(a) Dirtiness (b) Tidy (c) Neat (d) Cleanliness
30. The boy was rewarded for his ________.
(2012)
(a) brave (b) bravery (c) fear (d) fears
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LEVEL-2
Directions (Qs. 31 to 35): Match the following and choose the correct option.
31. Match the animals with the food they eat.
List I List II
A. cow 1. carrot
B. dog 2. milk
C. rabbit 3. bone
D. cat 4. grass
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 4 3 1 2
32. Match the metals with the articles. (2016)
List I List II
A. gold 1. utensils
B. clay 2. table
C. iron 3. necklace
D. wood 4. pots
A B C D
(a) 4 2 1 3
(b) 3 4 1 2
(c) 1 3 4 2
(d) 2 1 3 4
33. Match the objects with the places where they are stored. (2013)
List I List II
A. ship 1. mint
B. coins 2. harbour
C. art 3. laundry
D. clothes 4. museum
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 2 1 4 3
(d) 3 4 1 2
Noun 29
34. Match the collective nouns with the words. (2014)
List I List II
A. fleet 1. cattle
B. swarm 2. sheep
C. flock 3. bees
D. herd 4. ship
A B C D
(a) 4 3 2 1
(b) 4 1 3 2
(c) 2 3 4 1
(d) 2 4 1 3
35. Match the phrases with the given words. (Tricky, 2014)
List I List II
A. covered stall at a fair 1. kindergarten
B. school for Kids 2. arsenal
C. fruits are grown 3. booth
D. weapons are stored 4. orchard
A B C D
(a) 2 1 3 4
(b) 1 3 4 2
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 3 1 4 2
Directions (Qs. 36 and 37): Consider the following statements and choose the correct option.
36. A. Abstract nouns are invisible verbs. (Tricky)
B. Proper nouns are always written with a capital letter at the beginning.
C. Material noun denotes the quality, state, or action of an object.
D. Proper nouns are sometimes used as common nouns.
(a) A and B are correct (b) B and D are correct
(c) C and D are correct (d) A and C are correct
37. A. Child is a common noun but childhood is an abstract noun. (Tricky, 2014)
B. A sentence starting with a proper noun should not have capital letter.
C. Mob is a collective noun but lion is a common noun.
D. Common nouns can sometimes be used as proper nouns.
(a) A and B are correct (b) B and D are correct
(c) C and D are correct (d) A and C are correct
EBD_7338
Directions (Qs. 38 to 41): Look at the picture. Based on the picture how many nouns you can
find which can be related to the picture.
38.
girl, mom, dad, grandma, grandpa, Mr. Jones, Mrs. Smith

(a)
4 (b)
3 (c)
2 (d)
1
39. (2012)
school, statue, mosque, church, liberty, New york

(a)
3 (b)
4 (c)
2 (d)
1
40.
hand, bag, father, jump, delhi, leather, lady

(a)
2 (b)
3 (c)
4 (d)
5
41. (2015)
railway, school, montessori, train, chariot,

city, journey, Mr. Sharma coach, market

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Directions (Qs. 42 to 45): Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.
Some people think laughter is a waste of time. It is essential to our well being and to our life.
Doctors say that if you like laughter, laugh as often as you can and if you don’t like it, then
take your medicine but laugh anyway. That is why every morning I go to our nearby Dahlia Park
with my grand-parents where we are members of the Laughing Club. There we take to brisk
walking and all gather to join the laughter. Now I have also invited my friends John, Lara, Sue,
Anny and Roger to join our club. I feel so refreshing after the whole day of studies, games and
other activities. Give yourself permission to laugh, whenever anything is funny.
Noun 31
42. The word ‘laughter’ is _______. (Critical Thinking)
(a) common noun (b) abstract noun (c) proper noun (d) collective noun
43. Laughter is essential for ________.
(a) our studies (b) activities (c) society (d) well being
44. The words ‘Dahlia Park’ and ‘Laughing Club’ are________.
(a) abstract noun (b) common noun (c) proper noun (d) material noun
45. According to the passage what can laughter do?
(a) make friends (b) give refreshment
(c) pass exams (d) help society
Directions (Qs. 46 to 48): From the options given below choose the option which matches
with the words given in the table.
46. Choose the correct option for the collective nouns. (2012)
Collective Noun Word

Army
Band
Collection
Flight
(a) singers, soldiers, stamps, stairs (b) stairs, soldiers, singers, stamps
(c) stamps, singers, soldiers, stairs (d) soldiers, singers, stamps, stairs
47. Choose the correct option for animal habitats.
Animal Habitat
Hutch
Sty
Kennel
Stable
(a) pig, rabbit, dog, horse (b) dog, pig, rabbit, horse
(c) rabbit, pig, dog, horse (d) horse, pig, rabbit, dog
48. Choose the correct option for noun comparisons. (Tricky)
Noun Comparison
Lion
Bee
Bat
Coal
(a) busy, blind, brave, black (b) brave, busy, blind, black
(c) black, brave, busy, blind (d) blind, busy, black, brave
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Directions (Qs. 49 to 53): Read the passage given below and choose the best option to fill
in the blanks.
Meera is younger sister of Manish. She loves ____(49)____ and visiting new places. Both
of them planned to visit Mumbai with their parents in their vacations. Their father did the
____(50)____ reservation and they took the train from New Delhi to ____(51)____.
On the way they saw hills, rivers, forests, fields, towns and villages. There were crowds of
people at different stations. The children were excited to cross the ____(52)____ which are
made of iron. They had once visited Mumbai in their ____(53)____ so they have forgotten
it. Now they were enjoying a lot.
49. (a) friends (b) games (c) adventure (d) excitements
50. (a) flight (b) railway (c) bus (d) taxi
51. (a) Chennai (b) Jaipur (c) Lucknow (d) Mumbai
52. (a) bridges (b) hotels (c) theatre (d) MC. Donald
53. (a) infant (b) infancy (c) wisdom (d) patience
Directions (Q. 54): Look at the grid given below. Choose the best option to tell how many
nouns did you find in the grid. (Critical Thinking, 2014)
C K V H D N L C O B C
C O V S Q S F A R M H
H J W S E Y E T D B I
I C H R I S T M A S L
C H A I R D D E Y H D
K H C O A T O O G I R
E P M N F Y L P G G E
N D U C K Z L R O O N
(a) 9 (b) 10 (c) 6 (d) 14
Direction (Q. 55): Based on the passage given below, answer the following question.
God gave all these
God made the big earth and the wide blue sky. He made the bright sun and the beautiful moon.
He made the lovely flowers, the tall green trees and the blue sea. God gave us ears so we can
hear the chirping of the birds, the rippling of the leaves.
55. (1) The creator and ruler of the world (Critical Thinking)
(a) Napoleon (b) Akbar (c) God (d) None
(2) The planet where we live
(a) Sun (b) Moon (c) Earth (d) Sea
Noun 33
Directions (Qs. 56 to 60) : The following sentences have some errors. Select those parts
of the sentences which have the errors.
(2013)
56.
bunch of
Ruth gave her grandfather a
goats
1 2 3 4
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

57.
I work in a restaurants
1 2 3 4
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

58. (Tricky)
the
The Lady took the baby to
doctor
1 2 3 4
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

59.
The Disneyland is located in Paris

1 2 3 4
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

60. (2012)
Can you bring me a glasses of milk?

1 2 3 4
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

Directions (Qs. 61 to 65) : Choose the gender of the given word.
61. Actor
(a) Hero (b) Actress (c) Heroine (d) Actors
62. Bachelor (2015)
(a) Groom (b) Married (c) Bride (d) Spinster
63. Daughter
(a) Mother (b) Sister (c) Father (d) Son
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64. Gentleman
(a) Lady (b) Madam (c) Principal (d) Teacher
65. Landlord (2013)
(a) Landless (b) Landowner (c) Landlady (d) Landsome
Directions (Qs. 66 to 70) : Choose the correct option.
66. Aunt’s husband (2014)
(a) Father (b) Uncle
(c) Neighbour (d) Grandfather
67. Brother’s daughter
(a) Niece (b) Sister (c) Daughter (d) Aunt
68. Father’s father
(a) Uncle (b) Grandfather (c) Brother-in-law (d) Son
69. Mother’s brother
(a) Grandfather (b) Cousin (c) Maternal uncle (d) Father
70. Uncle’s daughter (2016)
(a) Aunt (b) Grandmother (c) Sister-in-law (d) Cousin
RESPONSE GRID
Noun 35

LEVEL-1
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d)
5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (d)
9. (d) 10. (b) 11. (d) 12. (b)
13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (c)
16. (c) pupil (as doctor treats his patient in the same way teacher teaches her students).
17. (b) aquarium (as horses are kept in a stable in the same way fishes are kept in an
aquarium).
18. (a) book (as flower consists of petals so as a book consists of pages).
19. (d) apiary (as birds are kept in a aviary so as bees are kept in apiary).
20. (a) pen
21. (b) cow (all others are names of cartoon characters).
22. (a) Taj Mahal (all others are common nouns and names of places where we worship).
23. (c) iron (all other metals are used to make jewellery).
24. (d) king (all other words are abstract nouns).
25. (a) lion (all other words are collective nouns).
26. (a) mouse
27. (b) truth
28. (b) apple
29. (d) Cleanliness
30. (b) bravery
LEVEL-2
31. (d) 32. (b)
33. (c) 34. (a)
35. (d) 36. (b)
37. (d)
38. (b) (dad, grandpa, Mr. Jones).
39. (a) (New york, Statue, liberty).
40. (c) (lady, leather, hand, bag).
41. (d) (journey, train, railway, coach).
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42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (c) 45. (b)
46. (d) 47. (c) 48. (b) 49. (c)
50. (b) 51. (d) 52. (a) 53. (b)
54. (d) Chicken, cow, cat, farm, children, eye, day, christmas, chair, doll, egg, dog, coat,
duck.
55. (1) (c) 2. (c)
56. (d) Collective noun for goats is herd/flock.
57. (d) I work in a restaurant.
58. (a) The lady took the baby to the doctor.
59. (d) The Disneyland is located in Paris.
60. (c) Can you bring me a glass of milk?
61. (b) Actress 62.
(d) Spinster
63. (d) Son 64.
(a) Lady
65. (c) Landlady 66.
(b) Uncle
67. (a) Niece 68.
(b) Grandfather
69. (c) Maternal uncle 70. (d) Cousin
Pronouns 37
CHAPTER FOREWORD
This is a book. These are books.
You will learn about pronouns and their types in this chapter.
Five sentences are given below along with a few choices. Circle the word that
best completes the sentence.
1. He/ Him saw a movie yesterday.
2. Them/ They were having lunch in the office.
3. She/ Her likes to sing and dance.
4. Me/ I like to play cricket.
5. My uncle likes to play with me/I.
After reading this chapter, you will be able to learn the correct use of pronouns
and its types.

EBD_7338
Chapter
4 Pronouns
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Real Life Example This lesson will help you to:—
v use pronouns efficiently.
v To decide whether to use
the subject or object v know about and use the two kinds of pronouns by
pronoun after the words knowing the difference between them.
‘than’ or ‘as’, we mentally
complete the sentence. QUICK CONCEPT REVIEW
Generally , pronouns (pro + noun) stand for or refer to a
noun, an individual or individuals or thing whose identity is
made clear earlier in the sentence.
Pronouns are the words which replace noun.
PRONOUN
For example
Paras and Amir ride the bus together to school. They also
study together.
In the above sentence, “they” is a pronoun as it is used
in place of individuals (Paras and Amir). Other examples
I You can be she, it, he, someone, who etc. Here are some more
examples.
Instead of: Leena is a good athlete.
She is a good athlete. (The pronoun she replaces Leena.)
Instead of: The beans and tomatoes are fresh-picked.
They are fresh-picked. (The pronoun they replaces beans
He She
and tomatoes.)
It We You They
My/mine Yours His Her Its

Pronouns 39
PRONOUN
Our Your Their
This That These Those
TYPES OF PRONOUNS POEM

I am hungry.
(a) Personal pronoun:
You are hungry.
S. Name Singular Plural He is hungry.
No. She is hungry.
1. First person I, me, mine We, us, We are hungry.
(The person who is ours They are hungry.
speaking) Everybody is hungry.
2. second person You, yours You, I am thirsty.
(used for one who yours You are thirsty.
is spoken to) He is thirsty.
She is thirsty.
3. Third person He, him They,
We are thirsty.
(used for one who (masculine) she, them
They are thirsty.
is spoken about) hers (feminine) theirs
Everybody is thirsty.
Remember I am happy.
v Use a pronoun instead of noun. You are happy.
v The pronoun you use must follow its noun in number He is happy.
and gender. Example: She is happy.
Ram is going to market. He has to get mangoes. We are happy.
(b) Reflexive pronouns: When we add ‘self’ or ‘selves’ to They are happy.
personal pronoun they become Reflexive pronouns. Everybody is happy.
‘Self’ is added to ‘my, your, her and him’ and ‘selves’
to ‘our, your and them’.
Example: You must do your homework ‘yourself’.
They went together themselves.
(c) Demonstrative pronouns: These point to the object Near
This These
they belong to.
Example: This is a book. Singular Plural
That is a calendar. Far
That Those
These are books.
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Those are calendars.
(d) Interrogative pronouns: To ask questions, the
words ‘who, what, which, whose, whom’ are used. All
of them are Interrogative Pronouns. They are used
to begin a question. ‘who, whom, whose’ are used for
persons. ‘which’ is used for persons as well as things.
‘What’ is used only for things.
Examples: Who are you ?
What is your name ?
Which is your book ?
Whom does this glass belong to ?
The other way to classify pronouns is:
Demonstrative
Personal Types of Pronouns Interrogative
Reflexive
Subject
I We You He She They
Object
Me Us You Him Her Them
Pronouns 41

LEVEL-1
Directions (Qs 1 to 10): Choose the correct pronoun to fill the blank.
1. Be sure that everyone brings ____________ own book.
(a) his or her (b) their (c) it (d) them
2. Jagat and ____________ have been close friends for many years. (2014)
(a) her (b) I (c) him (d) rani
3. Did you see Deepak and ____________ at the game?
(a) she (b) her (c) it (d) them
4. Will you let ____________ , watch T.V?
(a) I (b) they (c) we (d) me
5. Each person in the room turned ____________ head to the front when the teacher
entered.
(a) their (b) them (c) his (d) her
6. We know that we can count on Jagan, Anna, and ____________ . (2013)
(a) her (b) she (c) them (d) they
7. Meena explained that ____________ and her sister had often dined at that
restaurant.
(a) her (b) she (c) it (d) he
8. Most of the workers were wearing ____________ hats. (2016)
(a) his or her (b) their (c) his (d) them
9. Its always best for students to ask questions when ____________ don’t understand
a problem.
(a) she (b) they (c) he (d) we
10. Please don’t tell about _________. (2012)
(a) her (b) she (c) you (d) I
Direction (Qs. 11 to 15): Choose the correct reflexive pronoun.
11. I was present there _________ . (2015)
(a) ourself (b) ourselves (c) myself (d) myselves
12. We enjoyed _________ a lot. (2014)
(a) ourself (b) ourselves (c) myself (d) themselves
13. They __________ called him to the party.
(a) ourself (b) himself (c) ourselves (d) themselves
14. The headmaster _________ said so.
(a) himself (b) itself (c) myself (d) ourselves
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15. She _________ told the truth.
(a) himself (b) herself (c) herselves (d) myself
Directions (Qs. 16 and 17): Choose the correct demonstrative pronoun.
16. (2016)
(a) This (b) That (c) These (d) Those
17.
(a) This (b) That (c) These (d) Those
Directions (Qs. 18 to 20): Choose the correct interrogative pronoun.
18. bakes cakes ? (2014)
(a) Who (b) What (c) Which (d) Whose

19. are there books ? (2017)
(a) Who (b) What (c) Whose (d) Which
20. is this child ? (2015)
(a) Who (b) What (c) Whose (d) Which

Pronouns 43
Directions (Qs. 21 to 25) : Look at the pictures and fi ll in the blanks by choosing the
correct option.
21.
__________ are smiling. (2017)

(a) Its (b) They (c) Hers (d) It
22.
___________ has come. (2012)

(a) He (b) She (c) Her (d) It
23.
__________ is a train.
(a) It (b) He (c) She (d) They
24. (2015)
____________ are children.

(a) It (b) Her (c) Its (d) They
25.
__________ are very juicy. (2016)

(a) Its (b) You (c) They (d) It
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LEVEL-2
26. In the grid given below, how many pronouns can you find? (Critical Thinking, 2013)
(a) 17 (b) 10 (c) 18 (d) 15
L N C T S H E V K S D J Q V A C A T W T
K G Q Y O U R D D Z B K Z P D L B H X Z
O U R A Q W W P Q V D N N D L Z W E B V
Z S A B Q L L D G K V L L C N P S Y G C
K C G Q K S F X Z G V X Z K L G W T J B
S N B W W Z W Q V C L G L N P K T A X D
T V S P Q Q N G L J W C J T J X L C P P
K Z C S B A J V J X K B L P S V Q X Q T
F T B S F W G B B X A A G S X S X D T W
T V S V Z N T N S Z A F H E R C K N H K
K N Z Q C Z A S Z L S F Q X L C Q T E A
N Z B W K B Q D L L Z F X C W K A P M J
Z W J Z F Q Z J J T W T N V K W B J S V
Z S D Q J C L P D T Q C N V Q L J K Y X
Z K L Q D B X A W L K B J Z N J A N O V
J C J K N Z A X G T F Q V F Z Q F B U G
F L J L L V V J G B Q F F F Q L L S P G
Z J A X G Z H E R S V Z P W W F T L A Z
27. Match the following (Tricky)
List I List II
A. 1. We/Our/Us
B. 2. He/His/Him/Himself
C. 3. Her/She/Herself/Hers
D. 4. You/That/Those
E. 5. It/This
F. 6. I/Me/Myself
Pronouns 45
A B C D E F
(a) 3 2 5 1 4 6
(b) 2 3 5 1 6 4
(c) 2 3 1 5 6 4
(d) 2 3 1 5 4 6
28. Consider the following statements and choose the correct option. (2015)
Statement A: A subjective pronoun does not act as the subject of a sentence.

Statement B: An objective pronoun acts as the object of a sentence.
(a) Statement A is true B is false.
(b) Statement B is true A is false.
(c) Both the statements are true
(d) Both the statements are false.
29. Consider the following sentences and choose the correct option. (Tricky)
A. I thought himself was going for a movie today.
B. I think I forgot to lock the door.
C. He of them got good grades in exams.
D. He is my brother.

(a)
TFTF (b)
TTFF (c)
FTFT (d)
FFTT
30. Consider the following sentences and choose the correct option. (Tricky)
A. Are you going to the office today?
B. At the store, the cashier gave herself some change.
C. She made dinner for the whole family
D. I bounced the ball and Jack ran after it.
(a) TFTT (b) TTFF (c) TFTF (d) FTFT
31. Match the following:
List I List II
A. Krish and I 1. He
B. Arjun 2. She
C. Arya 3. It
D. The big truck 4. We
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 4 1 2 3
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32 . Match the following while replacing the underlined word from List I.
List I List II
A. Ravi loves to sing 1. Her
B. The concert will be tomorrow evening 2. Them
C. Freddy will go with Joseph’s parents 3. He
D. Anmol will sing a duet with Arya 4. It
A B C D
(a) 3 4 2 1
(b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 2 1 4 3
33. From the list below find out how many pronouns are there ?
He, Ravi, Truck, We, They, Joseph, Garden, She, it

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 7
Direction (Q. 34): Read the questions given below and choose the correct option.
The traveller arrived at the door. The traveller knocked on the door, but there was no answer,
so the traveller knocked again. Meanwhile, the traveller’s horse was grazing. The traveller’s
horse seemed untroubled.
34. How many nouns can you replace in the above passage?

(a)
4 (b)
5 (c)
6 (d)
2
Directions (Qs. 35 to 39): Read the passage given below and choose the correct pronoun for
the blank from the options given below. (2015)
(The girl) ___(35)___ listened to music after lunch. (The boys) ___(36)___ played games
after dinner. (The cat) ___(37)___ climbed on the kitchen table. (The mall) ___(38)___ was
filled with hundreds of people. (My mom) ___(39)___ took us to beach.
35. (a) he (b) she (c) it (d) they

Pronouns 47
40. Match the following and choose the correct option.
List I List II
A. Sam and I 1. They
B. Raj and Jay 2. It
C. The big truck 3. We
D. Roshni 4. She
A B C D
(a) 3 1 2 4
(b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 2 4 1 2
41. Write a pronoun that could replace the underlined word in the sentence.
Joseph loves to sing.
(a) He (b) They (c) We (d) It
Freddy and I will be sitting in the front row. (2011)
The concert will be tomorrow evening.
44. My teacher’s name is Sheena. I like _______ .
(a) her (b) him (c) she (d) he
45. Mrs. Holly’s house is as big as _______ . (2012)
(a) my (b) mine (c) I (d) me
46. “Please give _____a cookie,” Monica said.
(a) my (b) mine (c) I (d) me
47. Consider the following statements and choose the correct option.
Statement A: Singular pronouns are- I, you, he, she, it, me, him, and her.
Statement B: Plural pronouns are- we, you, they, us, them.
(a) Statement A is true and B is false. (b) Statement A is false and B is true.
(c) Both the statements are true. (d) Both the statements are false.
Statement A: If Ayesha is speaking, she calls herself I.
Statement B: For a boy we use IT.
(a) Statement A is true and B is false. (b) Statement A is false and B is true.
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49. The cow is a useful animal.____ gives us milk. (2016)
(a) She (b) He (c) It (d) We
50. Where is your book? ___is on the table.
(a) It (b) They (c) She (d) He
51. Fill in the blanks with appropriate pronouns. (Tricky, 2015)
Amit ran after the ball. ___(1)___ could not catch ___(2)___.
Mala took off her shoes because ___(3)___ were hurting ___(4)___.
1. (a) she (b) he (c) it (d) them
2. (a) she (b) he (c) it (d) them
3. (a) they (b) them (c) her (d) she
4. (a) they (b) her (c) him (d) them
52. Point out how many times pronouns are used in the passage? (Tricky, 2013)

Diya is in class 3. She goes to school by bus. She carries her books in a bag that her aunt
gave her. Diya and Divya are best friends. They study together and play together.

(a)
5 (b)
6 (c)
4 (d)
7
53. Read the sentences carefully and choose the correct option. (Tricky)
1. I know him will be there. 2. I know he will be there.
3. I think it will rain. 4. I think they will rain.

(a)
TFTF (b)
FTTF (c)
TTFF (d)
FFTT
54. Read the sentences carefully and choose the correct option. (Tricky)
1. Please give it to them. 2. Please give it to they.
3. The book is for I. 4. The book is for me.

(a)
TFFT (b)
TTFF (c)
FFTT (d)
FTFT
55. I think ________ will come.
(a) everybody (b) me (c) her (d) his
56. ___________ is wrong with the radio.
(a) Nobody (b) Somebody (c) Something (d) Anybody
57. Did _______hear the news?
(a) him (b) you (c) mine (d) his
58. Which word needs to be corrected in the sentence? (Tricky)
I don’t know somebody.
(a) I (b) don’t (c) know (d) somebody
59. Which word needs to be corrected in the sentence? (2015)
Is this pen belongs to I?
(a) this (b) belongs (c) is (d) I
Pronouns 49
Directions (Qs. 60 to 65) : Read the sentences and identify to which noun (options) do
the underlined pronouns correspond to.
60. Rita met Harry in the market place and she greeted him. (2017)
(a) Rita (b) Harry (c) market (d) place
61. The tree near the park fell on a car on the roadside. It was very huge.
(a) tree (b) park (c) car (d) roadside
62. I hid under the table while playing hide and seek. But it was in the centre and my friend
found me. (2016)
(a) table (b) hide (c) centre (d) friend
63. Jane has a large family. She lives with four people. (2014)
(a) Jane (b) family (c) people (d) four
64. Big spider webs are light. They are white and cloudy.
(a) Big spider (b) webs (c) white (d) cloudy
65. The river starts in the mountain and it twists and turns. (2013)
(a) mountain (b) starts (c) river (d) and
RESPONSE GRID
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LEVEL-1
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (a)
7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (b)
13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (b)
18. (a) ‘Who’ is used for person.
19. (c) 20. (a) 21. (b) They
22. (a) He 23. (a) It
24. (d) They 25. (c) They
LEVEL-2
26. (c) I, You he, she, it, we, they, me, her, him, us, them, his, hers, its, your, our
and their.
27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (a) 31. (d) 32. (a)
33. (a)
34. (b)
The traveller arrived at the door. He knocked on it, but there was no answer, so
he knocked again. Meanwhile, his horse was grazing. It seemed untroubled.
35. (b) 36. (d) 37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (b) 40. (a)
41. (a) 42. (c) 43. (d) 44. (a) 45. (b) 46. (d)
47. (c) Both the statements are true.
48. (a) Statement A is true and B is false.
49. (c) it
50. (a) it
51. 1. (b) he 2. (c) it 3. (a) they 4. (b) her
52. (b) 6 53. (b)
54. (a)
55. (a)
everybody
56. (c) Something
57. (b) you
58. (d) somebody
59. (d) I 60. (a) 61. (a) 62. (a) 63. (a) 64. (b)
65. (c)
Adjectives 51
CHAPTER FOREWORD
This chapter is about adjectives. You will learn that adjectives tell us something
about people, places or things.
In the chart given below, identify nouns and adjectives and write them in
separate columns. One has been done for you.
What is being described ? How it is described ?

Sentence
(Noun) (Adjective)
1. The beautiful fairy is dancing

fairy beautiful
in the rain.
2. The brown wallet is in his

pocket.
3. Children love to watch horror
movies.
4. Our principal has an impressive

personality.
5. Ra-one is an interesting movie

for children.
6. The handsome man in the black

suit was a detective.
After reading this chapter, you will be able to learn about adjectives and its types.
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Chapter
5 Adjectives
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
v identify words that describe people, places, animals
Real Life Examples and things in sentences.
v understand various types of adjectives.
v Suppose you are lost while going
to the market. What do you do?
v A word that describes a noun or pronoun is called
adjective.
For example: a small child, a black cat.
In these phrases ‘small’ and ‘black’ are adjectives.
v Anytime you describe something, you are using an
adjective.
v To learn to describe various senses such as sight,
v Simple! Make a call to your mother
sound, taste and touch as accurate as possible, we
and just describe the place.
use adjectives.
v This is how adjectives can help you. You will be able
to express yourself better using them.
Here are a few adjectives to help you describe better.
An honest man, a beautiful girl, a green balloon, a red
car, a blind man, a tall man, little juice in the glass,
an intelligent boy, sour milk, sweet mangoes.
TYPES OF ADJECTIVE
(a) Adjective of quality: They ask the question ‘of what
kind’ from the noun.
Example: A red shirt.
What Kind of shirt ? → A red shirt
She is a beautiful princess.
What Kind of princess ?- Beautiful
The sun is golden, bright and hot.
Adjectives 53
(b) Adjective of quantity: They ask the question how
many or how much from their noun. Important Tip
Example: There are three men. v To make comparative forms, we

usually add the ending –er to
How many men ? → Three
one-syllable adjectives and –est

There is some sugar left. to make their superlative forms.
How much sugar ? → some For adjectives with three or more
syllables, we usually add more/
(c) Demonstrative adjective: Adjective which points to less and most/least.
a person, place or thing is called a demonstrative
adjective.
Singular
This That
Near Far
Plural
These Those
(d) Distributive adjectives: They describe specific
members out of a group. They are always followed by
a noun or pronoun. They include each, every, either,
neither and any.
Example: Every dog has its day.
I neither like tea nor coffee.
(e) Interrogative adjectives: They ask a question. These
adjectives are always followed by a noun or a pronoun.
A Poem On Adjectives
Example : What pet do you want?
Describe a noun or pronoun
Which colour does she like?
is what adjectives do,
Whose books are these? say it’s king’s crown.
‘Who’ or ‘how’ aren’t adjectives as they don’t modify It’s golden and beautiful too.
nouns. Golden and beautiful, are
words which describe.
ADJECTIVES ARE OF THREE DEGREES They are adjectives which you
Positive Comparative Superlative must imbibe.
Big Bigger Biggest

Strong Stronger Strongest
These degrees of comparison help us to describe things
more clearly and accurately.
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C E R T A I N C O M M O N R U L E S
v Positive degree is used to describe the quality of a person or thing.
For example: The man is tall.
The cat is black.
v Comparative degree is used when you make a comparison between two persons or things.
For example: He is taller than you.
She is more beautiful than her sister.
v Superlative degree is used to compare more than two things or sets of things.
For example: He is the tallest boy in the class.
She is the most beautiful of all.
Adjectives 55

LEVEL-1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 5): Choose the best option to complete the sentences given below.
1. Sudha is wearing a _______________ dress.
(a) beautiful (b) tall
(c) thin (d) none of the above
2. The Qutab Minar is a _______________ monument. (2013)
(a) black (b) tall (c) short (d) flat
3. Whang Ho is a _______________ wrestler.
(a) lean (b) bright (c) strong (d) low
4. He loves to eat _______________ mangoes.
(a) grey (b) tall (c) slim (d) sweet
5. The _______________ clown was playing tricks. (2015)
(a) funny (b) hard
(c) soft (d) none of the above
Directions (Qs. 6 to 9): The following analogies are made up of adjectives. Choose a suitable
option to complete them.
6. Bright : clever : : ? (2014)
(a) Sad : happy (b) Happy : joyful
(c) Wrong : right (d) Boy : girl
7. Sweet : bitter : : ? (2013)
(a) Lion : lioness (b) White : black
(c) Beautiful : Ugly (d) Dark : grey
8. Good : better : : ?
(a) High : low (b) Right : left
(c) Bad : worse (d) Night : day
9. Soft : fluffy : : ? (2012)
(a) Hard : tough (b) Bitter : sour
(c) Sorrow : joy (d) Tiger : tigress

EBD_7338
Directions (Qs. 10 to 12) : Which of the following is not the correct degree of comparison?
10. (a) brave (b) more brave (c) braver (d) bravest
11. (a) careful (b) carefullest
(c) more careful (d) none of the above
12. (a) interesting (b) more interesting (2014)
(c) very interesting (d) most interesting
Directions (Qs. 13 to 17): Look at the picture and choose the appropriate adjective.
13.
(a) Heavy (b) Light

(c) Horrible (d) None of the above
14.
(a) Fat (b) Ugly (c) Thin (d) Sick

15. (2015)
(a) Tiny (b) Huge (c) Ugly (d) Frightening
16.
(a) Cold (b) Tiny (c) Soupy (d) Hot

17. (2016)
(a) Slow (b) Fast (c) Ferocious (d) Brisk
Directions (Qs. 18 to 25) : Complete the expressions by choosing the most suitable
adjective from the options given below.
18. As __________ as a queen. (2017)
(a) poor (b) royal (c) dirty (d) mean
19. As __________ as sugar.
(a) bitter (b) sour (c) salty (d) sweet
20. As __________ as day. (2013)
(a) blessed (b) bright (c) bare (d) beneficial
Adjectives 57
21. As __________ as a bird. (2017)
(a) natural (b) free (c) good (d) frightened
22. As __________ as a bee.
(a) chatty (b) kind (c) busy (d) honest
23. As __________ as crystal (2012)
(a) small (b) dull (c) clear (d) cool
24. As __________ as silk.
(a) nice (b) nasty (c) soft (d) clean
25. As __________ as gold. 2013)
(a) heavy (b) costly (c) hard (d) dull
LEVEL-2
Directions (Qs. 26 and 27): Match the following.
26. (Tricky)
List I List II
A. cheerful 1. dress
B. colourful 2. apple
C. tall 3. girl
D. sweet 4. trees
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 1 4 3
(c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 4 2 1 3
27. (2014)
List I List II
A. new 1. boy
B. clever 2. flower
C. yellow 3. clothes
D. old 4. soldiers
E. Indian 5. man
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A B C D E
(a) 1 2 3 4 5
(b) 4 2 1 3 5
(c) 2 1 4 5 3
(d) 3 1 2 5 4
Directions (Qs. 28 to 37): Fill in the following cloze test on the basis of the picture given
below the passage. [Critical Thinking, 2013]
t was a ___(28)___ scene. The ___(29)___ sun was high
I
up in the sky. There was a ___(30)___ boat on the ___
(31)___ lake. A ___(32)___ boatman was rowing the boat.
There were ___(33)___ mountains in the background. They
were covered with ___(34)___ grass. As I sat down I felt
a ___(35)___ breeze on my face. The entire area was ___
(36)___ . There was a ___(37)___ feeling in my heart.
28. (a) ugly (b) black A man along with a
(c) beautiful (d) difficult boy rowing the boat
29. (a) colourful (b) white (c) bright (d) night

30. (a) black (b) meek (c) deep (d) high
31. (a) red (b) deep (c) light (d) high
32. (a) golden (b) green
(c) tall (d) none of the above
33. (a) pink (b) green (c) colourful (d) blank
34. (a) yellow (b) green (c) tall (d) blank
35. (a) high (b) cold (c) powerful (d) strong
36. (a) bright (b) peaceful (c) powerful (d) tender.
37. (a) sorrowful (b) mischievous
(c) joyful (d) none of the above
38. Which adjective can be used to describe a good looking actress?
(a) wonderful (b) perfect (c) beautiful (d) good
39. Which adjective can be used to describe the feeling of wonder? (2015)
(a) joyful (b) wonderful
(c) happiness (d) none of the above
40. Which adjective can be used to describe fearful looks in an animal? (Tricky, 2014)
(a) terrifying (b) horrible (c) ugly (d) painful

Adjectives 59
41. Which adjective can be used to describe a rainbow?
(a) colourful (b) sweet (c) pure (d) perfect
42. Which adjective can be used to describe a magical castle?
(a) eerie (b) mysterious (c) fearful (d) none of these

Directions (Qs. 43 to 47): Fill in the correct word from the options below.
43. These cows are a mix of _______________ colours.
(a) each (b) brown and white (c) none of these (d) all
44. This school bag is _______________
(a) pure (b) fake (c) new (d) nothing
45. They are _______________ swimmers. (2015)
(a) high (b) low (c) bright (d) good
46. Only _______________ students in this class have passed with flying colours.
(a) all (b) bright (c) either (d) these
47. My friend was sitting in the _______________ row. (2014)
(a) fifth (b) deep (c) invisible (d) many
Directions (Qs. 48 to 52): Which of the following is not an adjective?
48. (a) tall (b) bright (c) black (d) this
49. (a) smart (b) white (c) whose (d) green
50. (a) women (b) blind (Tricky, 2013)
(c) brave (d) intelligent
51. (a) many (b) little (c) this (d) first
52. (a) rectangular (b) complete (c) major (d) thirst (2016)
Directions (Qs. 53 to 58): Find out the correct form of the adjective.
53. The black dog ran _______________ than the other dogs.
(a) faster (b) fastest (c) more fast (d) Fast
54. Bob is the _______________ kid in the class I know. (2012)
(a) funny (b) more funny (c) funnier (d) funniest
55. The crickets are the _______________ in our backyard.
(a) noisiest (b) noisy (c) noisier (d) more noisy
56. The eagle is _______________ than the pigeon.
(a) biggest (b) big (c) more big (d) bigger
57. Rick would like the _______________ of the two pieces of cake. (2015)
(a) smallest (b) small (c) smaller (d) more small
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58. My new watch is the _____________ gift from my parents.
(a) most wonderful (b) wonderfullest
(c) more wonderful (d) wonderful
59. In the following sentence, which word is the adjective?
Where is the small box?
(a) Where (b) Is (c) Small (d) Box
60. Which adjective can be used to describe night?
(a) Bright (b) cold (c) Big (d) none of these
Directions (Qs. 61 and 62): Read the passage and then answer the questions given below.
My family likes to go camping every summer. We like to sit under the bright stars shining
through the dark sky. We like to listen to the chirping crickets and crackling fire. Sticky
marshmallows on melting chocolate fill our hungry tummies. At night, we snuggle in our warm,
cozy sleeping bags and tell scary stores until we fall asleep. (Tricky, 2012)
61. How many adjectives can you find in this passage?

(a)
9 (b)
7 (c)
8 (d)
10
62. What type of adjective are mentioned in the passage?
(a) Adjective of quality (b) Adjective of quantity
(c) Interrogative adjective (d) Exclamatory adjective
Directions (Qs. 63 to 67): Read the passage and then give the antonyms of the underlined
adjectives. (2014)
It was a sunny day and my little puppy jumped onto our red couch and played with his new toy.
I liked to watch him play and it made me feel happy. Soon, my playful puppy yawned. He was
a tired puppy. I picked him up and laid him on his soft, round bed. Soon, my sleepy puppy was
snoring away.
63. Antonym of sunny is:
(a) hot (b) windy (c) boiling (d) sticky
64. Antonym of new is:
(a) expensive (b) stale (c) cheap (d) old
65. Antonym of tired is:
(a) energetic (b) sleepy (c) exhausted (d) loving
66. Antonym of soft is:
(a) cozy (b) fluffy (c) hard (d) exhausted
67. Antonym of happy is:
(a) sad (b) delighted (c) joyful (d) playful
Directions (Qs. 68 to 75) : Identify the noun being described by the underlined adjective
and choose the correct option.
68. That big green car on the street is my favourite.
(a) Green (b) Car (c) Street (d) Both (a) and (b)
Adjectives 61
69. I bought a pair of brown leather shoes today. (2014)
(a) Pair (b) Brown (c) Shoes (d) Yesterday
70. Susan left her brown briefcase in the train. (2013)
(a) Susan (b) Briefcase (c) Train (d) Left
71. Please put the marbles into that little blue box on the table. (2015)
(a) Marbles (b) Blue (c) Box (d) Table
72. The girl in the yellow shirt is my little sister. (2015)
(a) Girl (b) Shirt
(c) Sister (d) Both (a) and (c)
73. I want the car on the second shelf. (2016)
(a) Want (b) Car (c) Shelf (d) Both (b) and (c)
74. Aunt Carol bakes delicious cookies for me. (2014)
(a) Aunt (b) Carol (c) Cookies (d) Bake
75. It was a very bright sunny day.
(a) Very (b) Sunny (c) Day (d) Both (b) and (c)
RESPONSE GRID
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LEVEL-1
1. (a) A dress can only be described as beautiful, ugly, pretty etc.
2. (b) tall 3. (c) strong 4. (d) sweet
5. (a) funny
6. (b) Bright and clever mean nearly the same, so are happy and joyful.
7. (c) Sweet is the opposite of bitter, so is beautiful of Ugly.
8. (c) better is greater in degree than good, so is worse to bad.
9. (a) Soft and fluffy mean nearly the same so do hard and tough.
10. (b) brave is a monosyllable word so we add ‘er’ and ‘est’ and not ‘more’.
11. (b) Carefullest is not a word. It is a bisyllable word. So we add more, and most, ‘est’ is
not added.
12. (c) Very interesting is not a degree of comparison.
13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (a)
16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (b) Royal
19. (d) sweet 20. (b) bright 21. (b) free
22. (c) busy 23. (c) clear 24. (c) soft
25. (b) Costly
LEVEL-2
26. (c) 27. (d)
28. (c) It was a beautiful scene.
29. (c) The bright sun was high up in the sky.
30. (a) There was a black boat on the deep lake.
31. (b)
32. (c) A tall boatman was rowing the boat.
33. (b) There were green mountains in the backyard.
34. (c) They were covered with green grass.
35. (b) As I sat down, I felt a cold breeze on my face.
36. (b) The entire area was peaceful.
37. (c) There was joyful feeling in my heart.
38. (c) 39. (b) 40. (a) 41. (a) 42. (b)
43. (b) 44. (c) 45. (d) 46. (b) 47. (a)
48. (d) 49. (c) 50. (a) 51. (c) 52. (d)
53. (a) 54. (d) 55. (a) 56. (d) 57. (c)
58. (a) 59. (c) 60. (b)
61. (d) My family likes to go camping every summer. We like to sit under the bright stars
shining through the (dark) sky. We like to listen to the chirping crickets and
crackling fire. (Sticky) marshmallows on melted chocolate fill our hungry tummies.
At night, we snuggle in our warm, cozy sleeping bags and tell scary stories until
we fall asleep.
62. (a) All these adjectives ask the question-“of what kind” from the noun.
63. (b) 64. (d) 65. (a) 66. (c) 67. (a)
68. (b) Car 69. (c) Shoes 70. (b) Briefcase
71. (c) box 72. (b) Shirt 73. (c) Shelf
74. (c) Cookies 75. (c) Day
CHAPTER FOREWORD Verb 63
In this chapter, you will know about words that denote action. These are called
verbs. You will also know how to form verbs from nouns and adjectives.
Some incomplete sentences are given below. Complete the sentences by choosing
the verb is, am or are.
1. The ball __________ rolling under the table.
2. The boy __________ taking his breakfast.
3. The girls __________ going for a picnic.
4. I __________ studying for my exams.
5. Madhav __________ laughing at the clown.
After reading this chapter, you will be able to know how to form verbs from nouns
and adjectives.
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6
Chapter Verb
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Activity
v know about verbs.
v understand Transitive and Intransitive verbs.
v Prepare two charts; one
for activities you do on v learn the formation and uses of verbs.
weekdays and another for
activities you do on your QUICK CONCEPT REVIEW
weekends. You will surely Verbs are important elements of language and grammar.
find two different sets As our life is full of movements so verbs become an
of verbs. Now make a list integral part of our speech, conversation and writing
of those verbs and write mode. Verbs determine the position and action of nouns
sentences on your own and pronouns.
with each verb. Show this
activity to your teacher for DEFINITION
correction.
Definition : A verb is a word that denotes an action or
state of being.
For example :
He read a book.  ‘Read’ denotes action.
I am a student.  ‘Am’ denotes state of being.
Example:
A. Painting Sam is painting a beautiful picture.
B. Singing Peter is singing a song.

Verb 65
Misconcept/Concept
Misconcept: It is common mis-

concept that a sentence
C. Tina is shopping clothes for her party. containing a verb always
has an object.
Concept: The real concept
is that there are also
verbs that do not have
D. John is drinking milk from a bottle. an object and express a
state of being or an action.
Eg- soldiers fight bravely
(action), the baby sleeps
(state).
E. The baby is crawling on the floor.
Now read these sentences

1. The girl reads the story book.
2. The girl reads loudly.
In sentence 1, the action denoted by the verb ‘reads’
passes over from the doer or subject ‘girl’ to the object
‘story book’. The verb ‘reads’ is , therefore, called a
Transitive verb. (Transitive means ‘passing over’)
In sentence 2, the action denoted by the verb ‘reads’
stops with the doer or subject ‘girl’ and does not pass
over to an object. The verb ‘reads’ is, therefore, called an
Intransitive verb. (Intransitive means ‘not passing over’)
A Transitive verb is a verb that denotes an action
which passes over from the doer or subject to an object.
It means sentences having transitive verb will have an
object.
An Intransitive verb is a verb that denotes an action
which does not pass over to an object, eg. He ran a long
distance. The baby sleeps.
A. Formation of Verbs from Nouns
Nouns Verbs
air aerate
beauty beautify
centre centralize
danger endanger
grass grassify
food feed
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POEM hand handle

Laugh or cry, joy enjoy
Wet or dry, person personify
Kick or catch, roll enrol
Borrow or snatch.
Action time-says the verb B. Formation of Verbs from Adjectives
Practise me and your language
will be superb. Adjectives Verbs
able enable
dark darken
fresh freshen
hard harden
Just justify
white whiten
pure purify
sweet sweeten
strong strengthen

LEVEL-1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 14) : Read the sentence and complete it by choosing the correct
verb from the option given.
1. Anita ________ a letter to her father.

(a) eats (b) rides (c) packs (d) writes
2. We should _________ regularly to stay fit.
(a) drink (b) smell (c) exercise (d) search
3. Rahul can _________ two tops at a time. (2012)
(a) spin (b) shout (c) wipe (d) read
4. Every night I ________ one story before going to bed.
(a) make (b) sew (c) jump (d) read
5. Mitu told me to _______ her torn skirt.
(a) sew (b) spin (c) set (d) sail
6. The wind ________ furiously. (2013)
(a) runs (b) spins (c) turns (d) blows
7. Sahil can _______ guitar very well. (2014)
(a) sing (b) play (c) dance (d) swipe
Verb 67
8. Do not _________ your time in idleness. (2015)
(a) eat (b) drink (c) chew (d) spend
9. Kites _________ gaily into the sky. (2016)
(a) wave (b) fly (c) sweep (d) swing
10. The thief ________ to escape punishment.
(a) lies (b) tells (c) shouts (d) sweeps
11. Lemonade is to drink as pizza is to ________ .
(a) eat (b) food (c) Italian (d) restaurants
12. Sunset is to sleep as sunrise is to ________ . (2017)
(a) bird (b) wake (c) sun (d) light
13. Song is to sing as salsa is to ________ . (2012)
(a) food (b) play (c) dance (d) sleep
14. Book is to read as pen is to ________ .
(a) paper (b) ink (c) write (d) colour
Directions (Qs. 15 to 20) : Look at the following pictures and fill in the missing leters by
selecting the correct options.
15.
_NEE_ _
(2016)
(a) K, S, E (b) S, S, E (c) S, Z, E (d) K, S, E
16. (2013)
B___K
(a) R, E, E (b) R, E, A (c) E, A, R (d) E, R, E
17.
S _ _ EAM
(2014)
(a) T, R (b) P, R (c) C, R (d) K, R
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18.
_ _ EAM
(a) G, L (b) B, E (c) D, R (d) S, L
19.
S_I_ _
(2017)
(a) K, I, L (b) P, I, L (c) K, L, L (d) P, L, L
20. (2012)
_ _ITCH
(a) S, K (b) S, P (c) S, T (d) S, C
LEVEL-2
Direction (Q 21) Match the lists to complete the sentence and choose the correct option
21.Match the following: (Critical Thinking, 2013)
List I List II
A. she comes from 1. my own free will.
B. he feels sorry 2. the same story.
C. they all tell 3. for his faults.
D. I do it of 4. a good family.
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 2 4 1 3
(d) 3 2 4 1
Verb 69
Direction (Q. 22): Read the statements carefully and choose the correct option.
(Critical Thinking)
22. A. The sun shines brightly. (transitive)
B. The policeman blew his whistle. (transitive)
C. The cat sleeps on the rug. (intransitive)
D. The fire burns dimly. (intransitive)
(a) (A) and (B) are correct (b) (B) and (C) are correct
(c) (B) and (D) are correct (d) (A) and (C) are correct
23. Which of these pictures suggests the verb ‘ rowing’ ? (2015)
a. b. c. d.
24. Which of these pictures suggests the verb ‘swinging’ ? (2013)
a. b. c. d.
25. Which of these pictures suggests the verb ‘skating‘ ? (2014)
a. b. c. d.
26. Tell how many verbs are there in the passage given below ? (Tricky, 2012)

Science has given us superhuman powers, which we do not use properly. For example, we
are unable to manage our machines. Machines should be fed promptly and waited upon
attentively, otherwise they refuse to work or they destroy. We already find it difficult
to do without machines. In course of time they may rule over us altogether.
(a) 15 (b) 10 (c) 11 (d) 13
Directions (Qs. 27 to 31): Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct words.
I ___(27)___ at 6’o clock in the morning. I brush my teeth, take bath and ___(28)___ my
uniforms. Then I eat my breakfast and ___(29)___ my books in the bag. I wear my shoes and
___(30)___ for my school bus. I reach school at 6.45 a.m. and ___(31)___ good morning to
all my friends and teachers.
27. (a) arise (b) wake up (c) awake (d) rise
28. (a) tear (b) break (c) cut (d) wear
29. (a) arrange (b) read (c) write (d) steal
30. (a) cry (b) run (c) wait (d) shout
31. (a) tell (b) say (c) ask (d) call
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Direction (Q. 32) Read the sentences and choose the correct option.
32. A. Transitive verb--- A light rain fell last night.
B. Intransitive verb--- The moon rose early.
(a) TT (b) TF (c) FT (d) FF
Direction (Q. 33): Given below is a word puzzle. How many verbs can you find out?
(Tricky, 2015)
A C F O S W I M Q Y P L X G E
N M E X E R C I S E A R C H W
L S A I L I F T A S K P C I K
R I T Y S T I T C H B T E D V
U N H Z R E A D J O V R W E Z
Z G I V E A G A H L Q C B L M
F P N F I R U N G D R I V E T
J E K I C K D C X T D J K C N
D O J K Q I W E A R R U L S U
M V I R H S X W H Y N O A D B
(a) 12 (b) 14 (c) 16 (d) 17

34. From the box below find out how many verbs are there ?
swim, think, clock, tooth, drive, take,
basketball, grass, write, play, game, relax
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 5

35. Look at the picture and choose the correct verb from the following options.
Mr. Jones is ___________an apple pie.
(a) eating (b) reads
(c) writes (d) throws
36. Look at the picture and choose the correct verb from the following options.
Miss Green _____ a picture book to her students.
(a) eats (b) reads
(c) writes (d) throws
37. Mark the option which is correct. (2016)
(a) While we was outside, the phone rang and I missed an important call.
(b) The baseball were given to me.
(c) We was proud of ourselves for scoring the most points.
(d) It was apparent that they were having fun playing on the beach.
38. Complete the sentences with correct options. (2013)
It ___(A)___ essential that we leave now or we will be late for the meeting.
My calendar shows that I ___(B)___ busy on Thursday morning.
Verb 71
There ___(C)___ ants everywhere at the picnic.
I think Atlanta ___(D)___ the capital of Georgia.
Here ___(E)___ the Johnsons, our neighbours.
A. (a) is (b) are (c) am (d) were
B. (a) is (b) are (c) am (d) were
C. (a) was (b) are (c) am (d) were
D. (a) is (b) are (c) am (d) were
E. (a) is (b) are (c) am (d) were
39. Mark the option which is incorrect.
(a) I can’t read very well, but I is good at maths.
(b) My shoes are too little for me
(c) An owl is supposed to be a wise bird.
(d) After we finish eating dinner, Mom and Dad are taking us out for ice cream.
40. Read the paragraph and find out how many verbs are there.
In our physical education class we play lots of games. My favourite is kickball. We kick
the ball, and then we run around the bases. I like to pitch the ball and try to tag the
other kids out. I do my best to catch the ball and throw it to my teammates. Sometimes
I succeed, sometimes not. But, we enjoy ourselves each time.
(a) 10 (b) 11 (c) 9 (d) 8
41. Choose the sentence which has transitive verb. (2013)
(a) Some ants fight fiercely. (b) He spoke loudly.
(c) The motorman stopped the train. (d) The birds sang sweetly.
42. Choose the sentence which has intransitive verb. (2015)
(a) Birds fly in the sky. (b) Time heals all wounds.
(c) The explosion sank the ship. (d) The watchman blew his whistle.
43. Read the statements and mark the correct option. (Tricky, 2016)

Statement A: Transitive verbs do not have a direct object.

Statement B: A transitive verb is a verb that expresses an action directed toward a
person, a place, a thing, or an idea.
(a) Statement A is false and statement B is true.
(b) Statement B is false and statement A is true.
(c) Both the statements are wrong.
(d) Both the statements are right.
44. Do all the sentences have transitive verbs?
1. I baked some cookies. 2. The book fell.
3. I moved the chair. 4. The horse galloped.
(a) TFTF (b) FTFT (c) FFTT d) TTFF
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45. Do all the sentences have intransitive verb?
1. I laughed. 2. The sun set.
3. I rode the bicycle. 4. I stitched a quilt.
(a) TFTF (b) FTFT (c) FFTT (d) TTFF
46. Match the following and choose the correct option. (2012)
List I List II
A. The old shed really needs repairs. 1. Transitive verb
B. They laughed quite loudly. 2. Intransitive verb
C. Delhi is the capital of India 3. Linking verb
A B C
(a) 1 2 3
(b) 2 1 3
(c) 1 3 2
(d) 2 3 1
47. Choose the correct option for the sentence. (2017)
Chocolate ice cream _____ better than strawberry ice cream.
(a) is (b) melt
(c) taste (d) None of the above
48. Choose the correct option for the sentence.
Akshat’s cat _____ his right arm and hand.
(a) is (b) scratched
(c) sits (d) None of the above
49. Choose the correct option for the sentence.
Connie likes to _____ her purse in her right hand.
(a) is (b) scratched
(c) carry (d) None of the above
50. Find a sentence matching the picture.
(a) The girl is posting a letter. A crow is looking at her.
(b) The girl is looking at the crow. The crow is posting a letter.
(c) The girl is buying vegetables. There is a post box.
(d) None of the above.
51. Read the poem carefully and choose from the options which verb has not been used.
Something smells good in the kitchen, (Critical Thinking, 2014)
sugary, spicy and sweet.
A pudding ? a pie? What could it be?
Mom’s making a special treat.
So I peep into the kitchen
And as you all can see,
that sugary, spicy, sweet delight
is a birthday cake for me!
(a) smells (b) making (c) throwing (d) peep
Verb 73
52. All my crayons _____ in a bag under my desk. (2015)
(a) are (b) is (c) were (d) was
53. There ______ blue, green, and red glass in the church window. (2014)
(a) was (b) were (c) am (d) at
Directions (Qs. 54 to 60) : Choose the verb from the options given below.
54. (a) Fine (b) Find (c) Flower (d) Finger
55. (a) Shame (b) Show (c) Snow (d) Smoke (2014)
56. (a) Coffee (b) Milk shake (c) Drink (d) Orange
57. (a) Laugh (b) Beautiful (c) Intelligent (d) Honest (2016)
58. (a) Bubble (b) Burst (c) Bonfire (d) Brain
59. (a) Peach (b) Pure (c) Paint (d) Pickle (2012)
60. (a) Dish (b) Drive (c) Day (d) Car (2014)
RESPONSE GRID

LEVEL-1
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (d)
7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (b)
13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (c)

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13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (c)
19. (d) 20. (c)
LEVEL-2
21. (b)
22. (c) is intransitive because it has no object.(iii) is transitive because it has an object
‘rug’.
23. (c) The child is rowing a boat.
24. (b) The girl is swinging in the air.
25. (d) The boy is skating on ice.
26. (c) (give, use, manage, feed, wait, work , destroy, find, rule, refuse, do)
27. (b) 28. (d) 29. (a) 30. (c) 31. (b)
32. (a) in sentence A there is an object ‘ last night’ but in sentence B there is no object.
33. (d)
34. (a) Seven verbs are there (swim, think, drive, take, write, play, relax).
35. (a) Mr. Jones is eating an apple pie.
36. (b) Miss Green reads a picture book to her students.
37. (d) It was apparent that they were having fun playing on the beach.
38. A. (a) is B. (c) am C. (d) were D. (a) is E. (b) are
39. (a)
40. (a) 10 verbs are there (Play, Do, Kick, Catch, Run, Throw, Pitch, Succeed, Tag, enjoy).
41. (c) Transitive verb – stopped; object – the train.
42. (a) Intransitive verb – fly; no object.
43. (a) 44. (a) 45. (d) 46. (a) 47. (a) 48. (b)
49. (c) 50. (a) 51. (c) 52. (a) 53. (b)
54. (b) 55. (b) 56. (c) 57. (a) 58. (b) 59. (c)
60. (b)
Adverb 75
CHAPTER FOREWORD
In this chapter, you will know about adverbs. Adverbs give some information about verbs.
Here in an interesting exercise for you.
Given below are certain incomplete sentences. Fill in the blanks with the correct
adverb.
1. The old servant did his work ____________. (faithfully, rarely)
2. Anuradha crossed the road ______________. (carefully, carelessly)
3. Teacher scolded Aviral ______________. (angrily, pleasantly)
4. The boys played cricket ______________ in the big park. (nicely, happily)
5. The old beggar ate his food _____________. (greedily, hungrily)
6. The devotees said their prayers ___________________. (silently, loudly)
After reading this chapter, you will be able to know the use of adverbs.
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Chapter
7 Adverb
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
v learn the use of adverbs in sentence construction
v We use adverbs in daily life and in the expression of English language.
to show intensity of action v learn to differentiate adverb from other parts of
or giving specific details. speech and observe how and to what extent they
modify them.
An adverb is a word that describes a verb, an
adjective or another adverb.
Example: Jason quickly read the book.
How did Jason read? Quickly.

Emma left early.
When did Emma leave? Early.

Lily and Ben played here.
Where did Lily and Ben play? Here.

KINDS OF ADVERBS
(A) Adverbs of Manner
Manner They describe how the actions are done.
Example- Slowly, fast, loudly
(B) Adverbs of Place:
Frequency Place
They show where an action is or was done.
Example- My friend is waiting outside.
Adverb
They came forward.
Interro- Stand here.
Time
gative (C) Adverbs of Time
The adverbs show when an action is or was done.
Degree
Example- I meet him everyday.
Come home early.
Adverb 77
(D) Adverbs of Degree
They show how much or to what extent a thing is
done. A Poem on Adverb
Examples- The water is extremely cold.
The ship was sailing smoothly
We are very tired from the trip.
the crew was singing merrily,
The water is extremely cold we are very tired from the
then came the storm monstrously,
trip.
everyone ran on the deck
(E) Adverbs of Frequency hurriedly.
These are used to show the number of times an the captain said to everyone
action is or was done. politely,
Example: I saw her only once. let us all face it gracefully
He has already been punished twice. The storm went away
“we are safe”, said the captain
(F) Interrogative Adverbs
ecstatically.
These adverbs are used for asking questions.
Example: When do we meet ?
Why are you so sad ?
Amazing Facts
v We can form adverbs by

adding ‘LY’ to adjectives.
Example:
Loud-Loudly; Bright-Brightly
v Sometimes we may have to
change the spellings before we
add- ‘LY’ we remove ‘E’ or ‘Y’
Example:
Simple-Simply; True-Truly
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Forming Adverbs from Adjectives.
Rule Example
Adverbs in most cases are formed by
Adjective Adverb
adding -ly to an adjective,
quick quickly
bright brightly
hard hardly
quiet quietly
Some adjectives ending with ‘y’

Adjective Adverb
preceded by a consonant take -ily to
form adverbs.
busy busily
happy happily
crazy crazily
angry angrily
Some adjectives ending with ‘l’ preceded

Adjective Adverb
by a vowel take -ly to form adverbs.
graceful gracefully
professional professionally
hopeful hopefully
real really
Adverb 79

LEVEL-1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 9): Fill in the blanks with adverbs by choosing the correct option.
1. The old man is walking __________________ .
(a) up (b) fast (c) slowly (d) down
2. The little girl is dancing very __________________ .
(a) flexibily (b) gracefully (c) angrily (d) None of these
3. The dog barks __________________ at night.
(a) loudly (b) fiercely (c) cruelly (d) out
4. Riddhima types __________________ to complete her work on time.
(a) slowly (b) quickly (c) wisely (d) easily
5. The gardener shouts __________________ at the boys. (2015)
(a) lazily (b) carelessly (c) angrily (d) soundly
6. A __________________ huge mongoose was found under the tree.
(a) green (b) very (c) large (d) long
7. Navratri is celebrated __________________ in a year. (2014)
(a) once (b) regularly (c) twice (d) always
8. It was a __________________ decorated pandal.
(a) nice (b) well (c) huge (d) None of these
9. __________________ sour grapes are grown in his graden.
(a) Nicely (b) Badly (c) Exceptionally (d) Little
Directions (Qs 10 to 14) : Choose the best option that suits the analogy based on adverbs.
10. Simple : Simply :: True : ? (2012)
(a) True (b) Truly (c) Trueness (d) Truthful
11. Angry : Angrily :: Easy : ?
(a) Easily (b) Easiness (c) Easy (d) None of these
12. Exact : Exactly : : Particular : ? (2015)
(a) Particulars (b) Particularly (c) Part (d) None of these
13. Recent : Recently : : Usual : ? (2014)
(a) Unusual (b) Usualas (c) Usually (d) Often
14. Right : Direction : : Quickly : ? (2013)
(a) Speed (b) Strength (c) Energy (d) None of these
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Directions (Qs. 15 to 20) : Find the odd one out and choose the correct option.
15. (a) Long (b) Far (c) Away (d) Close
(2016)
16. (a) Most (b) Least (c) Little (d) Less
17. (a) Once (b) Twice (c) Often (d) Where
18. (a) Rarely (b) Outside (c) Inside (d) Forward (2015)
19. (a) Slowly (b) Once (c) Fast (d) Loudly
20. (a) Inside-outside (b) Up-down (c) Thin-slim (d) East-west (2017)
Directions (Qs. 21 to 26): Choose the best option.
21. Examples of Adverb of Manner are:
(a) fast, early (b) gladly, quickly (c) easily, outside (d) always, thrice
22. Examples of Adverb of Place are: (2013)
(a) never, everywhere (b) surely, certainly
(c) below, inside (d) outside, many
23. Examples of Adverb of Time are:
(a) before, below (b) never, there
(c) certainly, early (d) recently, immediately

24. Example of Adverb of Degree are: (2016)
(a) partly, greatly (b) much, often (c) within, soon (d) rather, after
25. Examples of Adverb of Frequency are: (2016)
(a) nowhere, forward (b) loudly, soon after
(c) perfectly, almost (d) often, frequently

26. Examples of Adverb of Interrogation are:
(a) how, never (b) certainly, since
(c) where, when (d) quite, outside

LEVEL-2
Directions (Qs. 27 to 31): Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks with suitable adverbs
by choosing from the options given.
27. She is running __________________ .
(a) fast (b) slowly
(c) softly (d) easily
28. Boys are playing __________________ . (2012)

Adverb 81
28. Boys are playing __________________ . (2012)
(a) loudly (b) merrily
(c) long (d) angrily
29. The child is smiling __________________ .
(a) angrily (b) sadly
(c) happily (d) softly
30.
The sun is shining ______________ .

(a) peacefully (b) frequently (c) already (d) brightly
31. (2013)
The man is driving ______________ .

(a) unhappily (b) suddenly (c) joyfully (d) carefully.
Directions (Qs 32 to 35) : Read the sentences and choose the best option given.
Statement A : An adverb is a word that describes an action verb.
Statement B : Adverbs of Place show where an action is or was done. (2015)
(a) Statement A is correct statement B is wrong.
(b) Statement B is correct statement A is wrong.
(c) Both the statements are correct.
(d) Both the statements are wrong.

EBD_7338
Statement A : Adverbs of Time show when an action is or was done.
Statement B : Adverbs of Degree show where the thing is done. (2014)
34. Study the sentences and choose the correct option. (2015)
A. A very huge cobra crawled through the grass.
B. An exceptionally sweet apple was found on the plant.
C. My friend is waiting rarely.
D. We visited Taj Mahal instantly.

(a)
FFTT (b)
TTFF (c)
TFTF d) FTFT
35. Study the sentences and choose the correct option. (Tricky, 2013)
A. I am happily pleased to meet you.
B. Yesterday, I had a serious accident.
C. The sick man moved fast quickly.
D. Sachin plays brilliantly.

(a)
FFTT (b)
TTFF (c)
TFTF (d)
FTFT
Directions (Qs. 36 to 40): Choose the best option following the diagram and locate the
adjectives which can also be adverbs.
?
Adjective Adverbs
Both Adjective
& Adverbs
36. (a) once (b) early (c) for (d) never (2016)
37. (a) because (b) hard (c) how (d) almost
38. (a) before (b) late (c) daily (d) down (2014)
39. (a) everywhere (b) seldom (c) straight (d) forward
40. (a) today (b) why (c) long (d) not (2013)
Adverb 83
Directions (Qs. 41 to 45): Read the passage and complete the cloze test. (Tricky, 2013)
arineeta was ___(41)___ late for anything. She was sure that she would catch the train
P
on time. However, she arrived ___(42)___ than expected. The taxi had taken ___(43)___
than usual because of a traffic jam. She grabbed her bag and ran ___(44)___ to the
platform. She managed to board the train as it was running ___(45)___ .
41. (a) most rarely (b) more rarely (c) much rarely (d) rarely
42. (a) latest (b) late (c) later (d) very late
43. (a) longer (b) long (c) longest (d) very long
44. (a) swifter (b) swift (c) swiftly (d) more swift
45. (a) slower (b) slowly (c) more slowly (d) slow
Directions (Qs. 46 to 50) : Read the sentences and identify the type of adverb underlined
by choosing the correct option.
46. He ate the cup cake greedily. (2012)
(a) Adverb of manner (b) Place (c) Time (d) Frequency
47. Robert comes early everyday. (2016)
(a) Manner (b) Time (c) Frequency (d) Degree
48. My friend is waiting outside.
(a) Degree (b) Place (c) Frequency (d) Time
49. She never loses her temper. (2014)
(a) Place (b) Frequency (c) Time (d) Manner
50. I saw her only twice. (2015)
(a) Degree (b) Frequency (c) Manner (d) Time
RESPONSE GRID
EBD_7338

LEVEL-1
1. (c) The old man is walking slowly.
2. (b) The little girl is dancing very gracefully.
3. (a) The dog bark loudly at night.
4. (b) Riddhima types quickly to complete her work on time.
5. (c) The gardener shouts angrily at the boys.
6. (b) A very huge mongoose was found under the tree.
7. (c) Navratri is celebrated twice in a year.
8. (b) It was a well decorated pandal.
9. (c) Exceptionally sour grapes are grown in his graden.
10. (b) 11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (c)
14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (a)
17. (d) Where is an interrogative adverb. Rest are adverbs of frequency.
18. (a) Rarely is adverb of degree. Rest are adverb of place.
19. (b) Once comes under adverbs of frequency. Rest are adverbs of manner.
20. (c) 21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (d)
24. (b) 25. (d) 26. (c)
LEVEL-2
27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (d) 31. (c)
32. (c) 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (d) 36. (b)
37. (b) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (c) 41. (d)
42. (c) 43. (a) 44. (c) 45. (b) 46. (a)
47. (c) 48. (b) 49. (b) 50. (b)
Articles 85
CHAPTER FOREWORD
In this chapter, you will learn about articles and their uses. Here is a warm-up activity for you.
Read the story. Insert the missing articles a, an and the in the appropriate
blanks.
THE SWEETMEAT
One day two cats were playing together. Suddenly they saw (1) __________ sweetmeat
lying in (2)__________ corner of the playground. They both pounced upon it. Soon
they were fighting for it. Finally, they decided to share it . But both wanted to have
(3)__________ equal share of (4) __________ sweetmeat. (5)____________________
clever monkey was passing by. He offered to divide (6)__________ sweetmeat into equal
halves. (7)__________ cats handed over (8)__________ sweetmeat to him. He broke it.
One of the halves was bigger than (9)__________ other. He ate (10)__________ little of
it. Now (11)____________ other half was bigger . So he ate (12)__________ little from
it too. In this way (13) __________ two pieces got smaller and smaller. (14) __________
cats realised how foolish they had been. They took whatever was given to them.
After reading this chapter, you will learn to use the articles correctly.
EBD_7338
Chapter
8 Articles
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
v be able to differentiate between vowels and
consonants.
v be able to use the articles a, an, the correctly.

There are three articles in the English language. They are:
Articles a, an and the.
‘The’ is used to refer to a specific or particular noun.
a an the
definite For example :
indefinite articles
articles The sun is shining brightly.
I have a ball. The ball is red.
A/an is used to denote singular noun in general.
For example:
I like to read a book.
Here there is no specific book that is being mentioned.
However, if we talk about a particular book, then we use
the article ‘the’.
For example:
I am reading “David Copperfield”.
The book is interesting.
Here ‘the’ is used to specify the book- “David Copperfield”.
LET US LEARN SOME MORE THINGS ABOUT ARTICLES.
We know that there are 26 letters in the English alphabet.
The letters a,e,i,o,u are called vowels and the remaining
21 letters are called consonants.
Articles 87
v The article A is used before words beginning with a Vowel
consonant sound.
v The article An is used before words beginning with a
vowel sound. An apple
For example:
He waited for an hour.
An A
He is an honest man. An egg
v Remember, A and An are used before a singular
noun. Eg. a cat, an inkpot, a chair, an ice cream.
So A and An are never used with plural or uncountable An ice cream
nouns i.e (things we cannot count like water, milk,
sugar, flour, meat, music).
Article The is used with the names of rivers, seas, An orange
oceans, mountain ranges, newspapers, holy books,
etc.
The is also used before things unique of their kind. An umbrella
Eg. The sun, The earth, The moon.
v Always remember that articles are not used with
names of people, countries, states, lakes, languages,
Words like useful, one, European begin with a
vowel but instead of the article an, we use the
article a before them as they do not begin with a
vowel sound. So we say, a useful book, a one rupee
note and a European tourist PLAY TIME
Now let us see how much you have understood about Write 20 different nouns or
articles.
adjective-noun pairs beginning
* Where do you use the articles A and An?
with vowels and consonants on
_________________________________________
separate chits of paper. The chits
_________________________________________ are shuffled and thrown in the
* When do you use the article The? centre. Each player picks up a chit
_________________________________________ and says the word aloud along with
_________________________________________ the article that should go with it.
* What number of nouns do articles a and an denote? Points are scored on the basis of
_________________________________________ right answers and the time taken
_________________________________________ to say the word which should
* Why can’t we use a and an before the nouns milk, not be more than 3 seconds.
sugar, water or flour? The words can be cock, blanket,
_________________________________________ engine, old story, haunted house,
_________________________________________ best speaker, moon, earth, duck,
* Why can’t you use the article the with your name? Bible, year, sweetest fruit, etc.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
EBD_7338

LEVEL-1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 10): Tick the article which will go with the following words from the
given options.
1. ____________ orange.
(a) A (b) An (c) The (d) None of these
2. ____________ large egg.
3. ____________ green field. (2014)
4. ____________ Ganges.

5.
____________ large animal. (2013)
6. ____________ Gita. (2012)
7. ____________ happy person. (2015)
8. ____________ unhappy king.
9. ____________ hour ago. (2016)
10. ____________ year ago.
Directions (Qs. 11 to 25): Tick the most suitable article from the options given below to
complete the sentences.
11. He gave me ____________ apple to eat.
(a) a (b) an (c) the (d) none
12. English is not ____________ easy language. (2014)
13. ____________ dog in my neighbour’s house is barking loudly. (2013)
(a) A (b) An (c) The (d) None
Articles 89
14. Tom took ____________ umbrella as it was cloudy. (2012)
15. He asked me to come after ____________ hour. (2015)
16. Do you read ____________ Bible?
17. ____________ shopping mall near my house is very big. (2012)
18. ____________ French is a difficult language.
19. There is ____________ hospital near my school. (2014)
20. Anna has bought ____________ new pair of shoes.
21. Unmukt is ____________ best player in his team.
22. Jenny got ____________ second prize for recitation. (2016)
23. My father has gone to ____________ Kolkata.
24. This is ____________ easy question. (2017)
25. ____________ Taj Mahal is one of the wonders of the world.
LEVEL-2
Directions (Qs. 26 to 41): Fill in the blanks with suitable articles to complete the passage.
(Tricky)
Today is ___(26)___ very important day. It is my birthday! I have designed ___(27)___
invitation card myself to invite my friends. Mom has put ___(28)___ cake on ___(29)___
table and I am getting ready. I have put on ___(30)___ new dress and new sandal. It’s ___
(31)___ beautiful day. ___(32)___ sun is shining and there is not ___(33)___ cloud in ___
(34)___ sky. I am so excited! In less than ___(35)___ hour the party will begin. I look out
of ___(36)___ window. I can see ___(37)___ girl but she is not one of my friends. I hear
___(38)___ doorbell ring and I open ___(39)___ door. But I can only see ___(40)___ gift
wrapped in purple paper with ___(41)___ orange ribbon lying at my doorstep. I am puzzled.
26. (a) a (b) an (c) the (d) none
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Directions (Qs. 42 to 48): Put articles after looking at the picture.
42.
(a) A (b) An (c) Both (a) & (b) (d) The
43. (2015)
44.
(2014)

Articles 91
45. (2014)
46. (2016)
47.
(2012)
48. (2017)


49. Tell which sentence is incorrect based on the usage of articles.
A. The Himalayas are wide range of mountains.
B. The captain Watt took the charge of the ship.
C. An apple a days keeps the doctor away.
D. My uncle gave me a watch on my birthday.
(a) Statement A is incorrect (b) Statement B is incorrect
(c) Statement C is incorrect (d) Statement D is incorrect
EBD_7338
Directions (Qs. 50 to 55): Give the sequence to the sentence based on true and false.
(Check the usage of articles to see if sentence is true or false).
50. A. The Sun is a ball of gases. B. The Bible is a holy book. (Tricky)
C. The diwali is festival of colours. D. A honest man always wins.
(a) TTTT (b) FFFF (c) TTFF (d) FFTT
51. A. Let’s go to the New Delhi. B. Do you speak a Tamil?
C. I need a bottle of water. D. I want an ice cream.
(a) TTTT (b) FFFF (c) FTFT (d) FFTT
52. A. Pune has an ideal climate. B. He got a new ball. (2013)
C. Captain Tripathi is a real hero. D. Yuvraj singh is a cricketer.
(a) TTTT (b) FFTT (c) TTFF (d) FTFT
53. In the list given below find out how many words will take the article ‘a’ with them.
(2015)
umbrella Maldives caravan rabbit painter honest watch

orange alligator rupee dog rose university
(a) 7 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 9
54. In the list given below find out how many words will take the article ‘an’ with them.
igloo lily elephant artist wild cat Australia
honest lion umbrella
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 2
55. In the grid given below find out the number of words which will take the article ‘an’.
A G T D S H O U R Y D (Critical Thinking, 2014)
R M Z H H E J Q L X N
T O A G U A S W B L F
I K A L L I G A T O R
S U N D A Y A D D D E
T R U S T C A N T B
O L I V E V F I Z Z Y
I R I E F P F R E E O
S T A R T I G E G G K

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 6
RESPONSE GRID
Articles 93
16. a b c d 1 7. a b c d 18. a b c d 1 9. a b c d 20. a b c d


LEVEL-1
1. (b) the word begins with a vowel sound.
2. (a) the word begins with a consonant sound.
4. (c) it is used before names of rivers.
6. (c) it is used before names of sacred books.
8. (b) the word begins with a vowel sound.
9. (b) the first letter of the word is silent and the next letter ‘o’ has a vowel sound.
11. (b) it is talking about any apple and not a particular one and the word apple begins with
a vowel sound.
12. (b) it is talking about the English language in general and ‘easy’ begins with a vowel sound.
13. (c) it is talking about a particular black dog.
14. (b) umbrella begins with a vowel sound and it refers to any umbrella.
15. (b) because ‘h’ is silent in hour and the next letter has a vowel sound.
16. (c) as it is talking about a particular sacred book.
17. (c) as it is talking about a particular shopping mall.
18. (d) as no article is used before languages.
19. (a) as the word following it begins with a consonant sound.
20. (a) as the word following it begins with a consonant sound.
21. (c) as ‘the’ is used before a superlative (‘best’ in this sentence).
22. (c) as ‘the’ is used before ordinals like first, second ,third, etc.
23. (d) no article is used before names of places.
24. (b) as the next word begins with a vowel sound.
25. (c) as it is the name of a monument ,unique of its kind.
EBD_7338
LEVEL-2
26. (a) as the word begins with a consonant sound.
27. (b) as the word begins with a vowel sound.
28. (c) as it refers to a particular cake.
29. (c) as it refers to a particular table.
30. (a) as it denotes one dress and the word ‘new’ has a consonant sound.
31. (a) as the word begins with a consonant sound.
32. (c) as it refers to something one of its kind, unique.
33. (a) as it refers to the number of clouds.
34. (c) as it refers to something unique, one of its kind.
35. (b) as ‘h’ in hour is silent and the next letter has a vowel sound.
36. (c) as it refers to a particular window.
37. (a) as it refers to a girl in general.
38. (c) as it refers to a particular doorbell.
39. (c) as it refers to a particular door.
40. (a) as it refers to one gift and the word begins with a consonant sound.
41. (b) as the word begins with a vowel sound.
42. (a) A, as word starts with a consonant sound.
43. (d) The, as earth is unique. .
44. (a) A, word starts with consonant sound.
45. (b) An as word starts with vowel sound.
46. (d) As ‘The’ comes before holy books.
47. (d) The, is used before names of newspapers.
48. (a) A, as watch begins with a consonant sound.
49. (b)
50. (c) (TTFF) Sun is a unique thing so ‘the’ is used. Bible is a holy book so ‘the’ is used.
Diwali is the name of a festival, so no article will be used before it. Honest starts
with a vowel sound ‘o’, so the article used should be an and not a.
51. (d) (FFTT) We don’t use any article before names. New Delhi is name of a place
and Tamil is name of a language. Bottle starts with a consonant sound. So a is
used correctly. Similarily, ice cream starts with a vowel sound, so ‘an’ is used
correctly.
52. (a) (TTTT) All articles are used correctly.
53. (c) 8 words which have consonant sound are: rupee, watch, dog, caravan, rose, rabbit,
painter, university.
54. (b) 5 words with vowel sound are: igloo, elephant, honest, artist, umbrella.
55. (d) 6 words are: ARTIST, OLIVE, EGG, ANT, ALLIGATOR, HOUR.
Preposition 95
CHAPTER FOREWORD
in on after
with
Under
You will learn in this chapter that prepositions are words that indicate relationship.
Here is an interesting exercise for you.
Prepositions link nouns or pronouns to other words in a sentence. Read the
sentences given below and use prepositions in the box to fill in the blanks.
around, over, on, about, at, by, in, under, to, with, for, after, of
1. The cat is sitting ____________ the chair.
2. The ball is lying ____________ the table.
3. The purse is ____________ the handbag.
4. Garima has breakfast ____________ 9:00 A.M.
5. In Delhi people like to travel ____________ the metro.
6. Mahesh hit the ball ____________ the fence.
7. The students are sitting ____________ the teacher.
8. People are talking ____________ the incident.
9. All my friends are coming ____________ my birthday party tomorrow.
10. We are going to Chennai ____________ 25th of May.
After reading this chapter, you will be able to know about prepositions, their different
type and their correct usage.
EBD_7338
9
Chapter Preposition
Poem on Preposition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Below is grass
v understand prepositions.
above is snow
v learn about different types of prepositions.
beyond the mountains lies the
snow v understand the correct usage of preposition.
across the frozen lake we go
above the clouds are full of
snow Read the given sentence
inside the house nice and warm His book is on the table.
on the trees is snow Here the word ‘on’ has two functions:
around me its very cold 1. It makes a connection between the words ‘book’ and
‘table’.
thought out the days I spend
2. It indicates the relationship between the ‘book’ and
except when spring comes.
the ‘table’,ie., it denotes the position of the book
2. Over the steep hill, with reference to the table. Such a word is called a
under the blue sky, preposition.
across the long bridge,
down the hill,
DEFINITION
into a fast run, A word that is placed or positioned before a noun or
a pronoun to show the relation between two nouns or
through the thick trees,
pronouns in a sentence is known as a preposition. The
past the other runners, word literally means ‘positioned before’ something.
through the pouring rain, Examples:
under the red hot sun, 1. The boy is standing on the box.
into my house for a rest. 2. The boy is sitting in the box.
3. The boy is jumping over the box.
4. The boy is hiding behind the box.
5. The boy is sleeping under the box.
6. The boy is standing in front of the box.
On In Over Behind Under In front of

Preposition 97
Misconcept/Concept
Misconcept: The preposition ‘till‘

is used with the distance.
Example: Can you come with me
till the end of the road?
Concept: Till is used only with
time.
So in the above sentence we will
use ‘to’ instead of ‘till’. Can you
come with me to the end of the
road?
Prepositions
used to denote
Location (above, behind,

Time (after, before, by, Movement (against, along,
below, beside, between,
during, from, on, past, down, from, into, off, on,
by, inside, near on, over
since, to, untill, upon) onto, out of, toward, up, upon)
through)
SPECIAL USES OF SOME PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions When used Examples
IN place as an area within a location In Delhi, I stayed with my aunty in
within a certain time condition a building.
I will return in an hour.
OF location In the middle of the road lay a
possession beggar.
A friend of mine has gone to China.
ON touching the surface of Keep the pen on the table.
to denote days and date I will go to your house on Sunday.
TO destination On the way to the market I met

Priya.
I am going to Mumbai next week.
AT a point of location Our school is located at 39 Camac
a point of time street.
an activity I wake up at 6.30 a.m.
Rahul is now at work.
EBD_7338

LEVEL-1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 4): Give the correct analogy by choosing the correct preposition.
1. Smaller place denoted with AT, bigger place denoted with ________ .
(a) below (b) in (c) under (d) over
2. Higher than denoted with ABOVE, lower than denoted with ________ . (2012)
(a) above (b) in (c) below (d) far
3. Close to denoted with NEAR, distant to denoted with ________ . (2014)
(a) further (b) fore (c) distance (d) far
4. Later in time denoted with AFTER, earlier in time denoted with ________ . (2015)
(a) later (b) further (c) latter (d) before
Directions (Qs. 5 to 9): Find the odd one out.
5. (a) beside (b) because (c) between (d) behind
6. (a) across (b) among (c) although (d) along (2013)
7. (a) at (b) in (c) on (d) an (2014)
8. (a) from (b) often (c) since (d) upon
9. (a) always (b) about (c) above (d) around (2012)
Directions (Qs. 10 to 19): Choose the correct preposition from the options given.
10. Dhanush walked _______ the street.
(a) across (b) over (c) on (d) in
11. Lovely jumped _______ the swimming pool. (2013)
(a) in (b) at (c) into (d) on
12. Deepika left _______ lunch time.
(a) from (b) before (c) of (d) on
13. Sarita fell asleep _______ the class. (2015)
(a) on (b) at (c) across (d) during
14. Mom tucked him _______ the warm blanket. (2014)
(a) under (b) in (c) on (d) of
15. Grandma sat _______ the new rocking chair.
(a) in (b) at (c) on (d) to

16.
_______ the sky, we all live. (2016)
(a) In (b) On (c) Under (d) At
17. He could see _______ the glass. (2017)
(a) in (b) from (c) of (d) through
18. Jaya is _______ the baker’s shop. (2013)
(a) at (b) on (c) in (d) into
19. Mukund will go _______ the meeting. (2012)
(a) on (b) in (c) at (d) into
Preposition 99
LEVEL-2
Directions (Qs. 20 to 29): Carefully look at the given picture and answer the questions by
choosing the correct option. (2015)
20. The clock is _____ the wall.
(a) in (b) of (c) at (d) on
21. The ball is _______ the table.
(a) under (b) near (c) into (d) across
22. The cat is _________ the sofa.
(a) on (b) near (c) at (d) beside

23. The table is _______ the sofa.
(a) between (b) near (c) far (d) below
24. The carpet is _______ the floor.
(a) in (b) below (c) on (d) above
25. The lamp is ________ the table.
(a) above (b) on (c) at (d) from
26. The flowers are _______ the vase.
(a) for (b) in (c) on (d) of
27. The table is __________ the chair and the sofa.
(a) behind (b) beside (c) among (d) between
28. The chair is _________ the table.
(a) next to (b) from (c) after (d) before
29. The cushions are _______ the sofa.
(a) into (b) on (c) from (d) near

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Direction (Q.30): Match the following and then choose the correct option.
List I List II
A. Three men quarelled 1. at the station.
B. He has been studying English 2. off the rolls.
C. His name was struck 3. for three years.
D. I met her 4. among themselves.
A B C D (Tricky, 2013)
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 3 4 1 2
(c) 4 3 2 1 (d) 2 1 4 3
Direction (Q. 31): Look at the statements given below carefully. Pick out the correct
sentences and then choose the correct option.
A. The train travels from Lucknow to Delhi.
B. I will work up five o’clock.
C. We stood at the back of the market.
D. I took my hat off the table.
(a) (A) and (B) are correct (b) (A) and (C) are correct
(c) (B) and (C) are correct (d) (C) and (D) are correct
Directions (Qs.32 to 36): Look at the pictures given below and then choose the correct option.
32. The boy is riding _____ a horse.
(a) in (b) at
(c) on (d) up
33. The boy is standing _____ the trees. (2015)

(a) near (b) far
(c) among (d) between
34. The books are _______ the table.
(a) in (b) at

(c) on (d) up
35. The boy is standing _______ his mother. (2017)
(a) beside (b) between

(c) among (d) around
36. The pencils are _______ the pencil stand. (2013)
(a) near (b) at

(c) in (d) at
Preposition 101
37. Find the number of prepositions in the given poem. (2014)
Poem
Under the blue sky,
near the ancient wood
beside the trickling stream,
on the grassy bank,
under a bright umbrella,
in the month of May.
(a) 9 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 7
Directions (Qs. 38 to 43): Complete the cloze test with appropriate options. (2015)
I am Peter and I live ___(38)___ Germany. In summer I like to travel ___(39)___ Italy
because ___(40)___ the weather and the people there. Last summer I took a plane
___(41)___ Munich to Rome. From the airport we went to our hotel ___(42)___ a bus. We
stopped ___(43)___ a small restaurant for a quick meal.
38. (a) at (b) on (c) in (d) of
39. (a) to (b) of (c) at (d) in
40. (a) for (b) of (c) due (d) off
41. (a) of (b) over (c) from (d) to
42. (a) with (b) by (c) in (d) on
43. (a) in (b) for (c) on (d) at
Directions (Qs. 44 to 48): In the following questions choose the correct option based on
true or false.
44. A. ‘Of’ tells about a location. B. ‘On’ tells about something. (Tricky)
45. A. Come with me till the end of the road. B. Come with me to the end of the road.
(a) TT (b) TF (c) FT (d) FF (2013)
46. A. He will come in the party. B. He will come at the party. (2015)
(a) TT (b) FT (c) TF (d) FF
47. A. Ramesh will go on foot. B. Ramesh will go by foot.
(a) TT (b) FT (c) FF (d) TF
48. A. The plane landed in Delhi airport. B. The plane landed on Delhi airport.
(a) TT (b) FT (c) FF (d) TF (2016)
Directions (Qs. 49 to 51): How many preposition can you find in the list given below.
49.
because and an of the since house
by wow from he onto it into
hollow in play boy on

(a)
4 (b)
5 (c)
8 (d)
7
(2012)
50. jump by what Ravi with flower she rainbow
pool over hurrah smiling across ground through

(a)
4 (b)
5 (c)
6 (d)
7
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51. alas doctor for because under behind away
above and beside singing far England piano

(a)
4 (b)
5 (c)
6 (d)
7
(2017)
RESPONSE GRID
51. a b c d

LEVEL-1
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (a)
10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (a)
19. (b)
LEVEL-2
20. (d) 21. (a) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (d) 28. (a)
29. (b) 30. (c)
31. (b) I will work until five o’clock. (d) I took my hat off the table.
32. (c) 33. (d)
34. (c)
35. (a)
36. (c)
37. (b) under twice, near, beside, on, in,
38. (c) 39. (a) 40. (b) 41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (d) 45. (c)
46. (b) We use ‘at’ for public gatherings. 47. (d) We always say ‘on foot’.
48. (c) The plane landed at Delhi airport is the correct sentence. Hence the other two
sentences are false.
49. (c) of, since, by, from, onto, into, in, on
50. (b) by, with, over, across, through
51. (d) for, beside, behind, away, far, under, above
Interjection 103
CHAPTER FOREWORD
You will learn in this chapter about some words which express sudden feeling or
emotions. “They are called interjections. Here is an exercise for you.
Make sentences using the following interjections, taking clues from the pictures
given.
1. Hurrah! ______________________________
_____________________________________
2. Hello! ________________________________
_____________________________________
3. Wow! ________________________________
_____________________________________
4. Alas! _________________________________
_____________________________________
5. Oh! __________________________________
_____________________________________
After reading this chapter, you will be able to use interjections in your daily
communications.
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10
Chapter Interjection
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Amazing Facts This lesson will help you to:—
v You will observe that v learn interjections.
every interjection has an v apply them in your day to day communication.
exclamatory mark after it
as in Hurrah! QUICK CONCEPT REVIEW
v In fact, any sentence An interjection expresses a sudden feeling or emotion in
starting with an interjection the mind.
is an exclamatory sentence. Look at the following pictures. All of them express some
emotion or the other.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
All these emotions can be expressed using interjections.
JOY
1.
Hurrah ! Ha ! Ha ! Ha !
SORROW
2.
Alas ! Ah ! Ah me !
Interjection 105
3. SURPRISE
Poem
When we want to say that we

Good God ! Oh ! What ! Good Heavens ! are happy,
we may say hurrah! Yo ho! or
APPROVAL Yipee !!
4. When we want to show our

sorrow
Bravo ! Well Done ! Ok !
we may say Ah! Alas! or oh no!
When we want to show our
WONDER wonder or amaze
we may say what! Oh! or simply
5.
gaze,
Behold ! Look ! Wow !
you may simply nod your
head or add to feelings, by using
HATRED interjections and make your
sentence appealing.
6.
Fie ! For Shame !
[Note: There are many more emotions and so many more

interjections. We have only given a few samples.]
Learn interjections just for the pleasure of

expressing your feelings as effectively as you can!
SOME INTERESTING INTERJECTION

v Boo — is an exclamation to provoke fright.
v Zoinks — is an expression of surprise or amazement
popularised by the cartoon character Shaggy, of
Scooby Doo Fame.
v Yo-ho-ho- is the traditional pirates’ refrain.
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LEVEL-1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 5): Fill in the blanks with the correct interjections.
1. ________ I failed to score good marks.
(a) Oh! (b) Good God! (c) Alas! (d) Whew!
2. ________ I have won the game. (2014)
(a) Bravo! (b) Hurrah! (c) Alas! (d) What!
3. ________ you have done a good job.
(a) Yippee! (b) Hurrah!
(c) Oh God! (d) Congratulations!
4. ________ she had an accident.
(a) Bravo! (b) Wow! (c) Oh God! (d) Tut! Tut!
5. ________! What a delicious cake! (2015)
(a) Oh! (b) Hurrah! (c) Wow! (d) What !

6.
Find the odd one out. (2013)
(a) Hurrah! (b) Ha! Ha! (c) Ha! (d) What!
(a) Good God! (b) What! (c) Good Heavens! (d) Behold!
8. Approval : Well Done! : : Admire : ? (2012)
(a) Bravo ! (b) Wow! (c) For shame ! (d) Hurrah!
9. Wonder! : Behold! : : Joy : ? (2014)
(a) Ok! (b) Wow! (c) Hurrah! (d) Good God!
LEVEL-2
Directions (Qs. 10 to 14): Choose the correct interjection for the situations shown in
the pictures.
10. (a) Hurrah! (b) Ha! Ha!
(c) Good God! (d)

Ho!
11. (a) Good! (b) Well done!
(c) Alas! (d) Hurrah!

Interjection 107
12. (a) Good Heavens! (b) Hip! Hip! Hurrah! (2015)
(c) God Forbid! (d) Bless you!
13. (a) Wow!

(b)
Look!
(c)
Listen!
(d)
Ah!
14. (a) Silence! (b) Quiet!

(c) Good God! (d) Alas!
Directions (Qs. 15 to 19) : Choose the interjection from the sentences. (2014)
15. Hurry! You will miss the bus.
(a) bus (b) will (c) miss (d) Hurry!
16. Stop! You can’t come in here! (2012)
(a) Stop! (b) can’t (c) come (d) None of these
17. Yoho! Hello, my name is Arav. (2013)
(a) my (b) Yoho! (c) name (d) is
18. This soup is really good, yum!
(a) yum (b) This (c) really (d) good
19. Sorry, I didn’t mean to step on your toe!
(a) mean (b) Sorry (c) your (d) toe
20. How many interjections are there in the given box? Count and choose the correct
option. (2012)
This Hurray Now Oops Wow Yum Them Used Oh no Please
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 4

Directions (Qs. 21 to 24): Read the sentences and choose the correct option. (Tricky)
21. Consider the statements and choose the correct option.
Statement A : An interjection expresses a sudden feeling.
Statement B : We do not use exclamatory mark after interjections.
(a) Statement A is true and B is false.
(b) Statement B is true and A is false.
(c) Both the statements are true.
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22. Consider the statements and choose the correct option. (2012)
Statement A : When we want to show our surprise, we use—Good God!, Oh!, What!,
Good Heavens!
Statement B : When we want to show our sorrow we use—Bravo!, Well Done!, Ok!
(a) Statement A is false B is true.
(b) Statement A is true B is false.
(c) Both the statements are true.
23. Choose the correct option after reading the sentences carefully. (Tricky, 2013)
A. What pretty the girl is.
B. Hush! the baby is sleeping.
C. How a shame! He did not even treat the guest well.
D. Wow! it is so beautiful.
(a) T T F F (b) F T F T (c) F F T T (d) T F T F
24. Choose the correct option after reading the sentence carefully. (2015)
A. Bravo! you have won the match.
B. Hurry! You’ll miss the train.
C. Stop! this is a surprise.
D. Behold! this is delicious.
(a) T T F F (b) F F T T (c) T F T F (d) F T F T

25. Match the following: (CRITICAL THINKING)
List I List II
A. Excitement 1. Ouch
B. Surprise 2. Hush
C. Silence 3. Wow
D. Pain 4. Hurray
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 4 1 3
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 3 1 4 2
Interjection 109
Directions (Qs 26 to 29) Fill the cloze test with the given options.
___(26) ___! my name is Rohit. I am late for the school today and ___(27) ___! my
teacher would be angry. ___(28) ___! It is a cold day and school is cancelled. It is so
exciting, ___(29) ___!, I just can’t believe it.
26. (a) Hi! (b) Hurray! (c) My goodness (d) Yikes
27. (a) Ha Ha! (b) Yikes! (c) Bravo! (d) Oh well!
28. (a) Ha Ha! (b) Boo! (c) Hurray! (d) Yow za!
29. (a) Whoops! (b) Ok! (c) Bravo! (d) My goodness!
30. From the following list, count the number of interjections and choose the correct
option. (Tricky, 2014)
break, kettle, alas!, oh no!, recycle, ignore, Delhi, oops!, letter, honey, on, she
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2
31. Match the exclamatory sentences with the emotions they denote. Then choose the
correct option. (2016)
List I List II
A. Look! There is a comet in the sky. 1. Sorrow
B. Hurrah! We won the game. 2. Admiring
C. Oh no! I have lost my box. 3. Surprise
D. Aww! Just look at the kitten. 4. Excitement
A B C D
(a) 4 3 2 1
(b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 3 4 2 1
(d) 3 4 1 2
RESPONSE GRID
31. a b c d
EBD_7338

LEVEL-1
1. (c) Alas! expresses regret.
2. (b) Hurrah! expresses joy.
3. (d) Congratulations is used to praise someone for their achievements.
4. (c) Oh God! is used to express dismay and shock about something.
5. (c) The expression Wow! is used to express surprise.
6. (d) Rest of the interjections show joy. What! shows surprise.
7. (d) Rest of the interjections show surprise. Behold shows wonder.
8. (b) Wow!
9. (c) Hurrah!
LEVEL-2
10. (b) Ha! Ha, as man is laughing.
11. (b) Well done, as the boy is receiving a trophy as an award.
12. (b) as the girls are cheering their team.
13. (a) as there is pleasure in beholding a beautiful scenery.
14. (c) Good god! As there is shock at the sight of the broken bottle.
15. (d) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (a)
19. (b) 20. (a) 21. (a) 22. (b)
23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (a)
27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (d)
30. (c) Interjection words show sudden emotions. They end with an exclamation mark
alas!, oh no!, oops! are interjection.
31. (d) The first sentence shows surprise. The interjection used is look!
The second sentence shows excitement after winning the match. Interjection
used is Hurrah!
The third sentence shows sorrow since someone has lost his box. Interjection
used is oh no!
The fourth sentence shows admiration since someone is admiring the kitten.
Interjection used is Aww!
Conjunctions 111
CHAPTER FOREWORD
Conjunctions are ‘connecting’ words as you will learn in this chapter. Before you
begin reading the chapter, do the exercise given below.
Join sentences using appropriate conjunctions. Choose from the options provided
in brackets.
1. She had her medicine _____________ going to bed. (if, before, while)
2. The hare slept _____________ the tortoise reached the finishing line.
(but, before, while)
3. Ananya went to play _____________ finishing her homework.

(because, while, after)
4. Raju cried loudly _____________ he was hurt. (since, when, but)
5. He has not eaten anything _____________ morning. (after, since, before)
After reading this chapter, you will learn about types of conjunctions and their usage.
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11
Chapter Conjunctions
Historical Preview
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
v In 1980, there was a finding
v understand what conjunctions are.
that conjunction ‘and’ takes
the role of other conjunctions. v learn some important conjunctions.
People use it more often in place v learn the usage of conjunctions.
of other conjunctions.
A conjunction may be called
the glue in the sentence as it
joins words, group of words or
PLAY TIME
sentences.
You can play this among three It is a word you can use to combine words or sentences
or more friends. together. The most common conjunctions are and, but,
You are required to sit in a or, so.
circle. The first child
will whisper a conjunction into
the second child’s
ears. The second child will think
of another conjunction and
whisper the two conjunctions
to the third child.
The third child will now think of In your daily life you will find conjunctions all around
another conjunction , you. All you have to do is observe. Let me give you some
add it on to the previous two examples.
and whisper it to the fourth v When you go to a restaurant with your parents, the
child. Thus the game will go on waiter would ask for your choice:
and each time the number of  mango shake or banana smoothie?
conjunctions will increase till
v When you are not well and you go to the doctor’s
the last child is reached who
clinic, he would advise you to:
would say it aloud. If anyone
forgets or drops a conjunction  take the medicines regularly and drink plenty of
he/she quits and the game water.
continues with the other v You go to a grocery shop and ask the shopkeeper to
players. give you:
 one bread, one packet of butter and a dozen eggs.
Conjunctions 113
v You tell your mother that you will
 either have a chocolate cake or a pineapple cake
for your birthday.
v Your teacher instructs you in the class:
 ”You may read a book or draw something but Some more conjunctions to
there should be no noise in the class.” remember:
 All these are instances of conjunctions being For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet and So
used in our day-to-day life and you will certainly
agree that they occupy an important position. AND joins two similar words or
Right? sentences.
BUT is used in an unlike situation.
SOME IMPORTANT CONJUNCTIONS ARE SO means ‘for this reason’.
WHILE means ‘at the same time as’.
Do you know that conjunctions are also very helpful in
making your writing interesting? This can be done by BECAUSE means ‘for the reason
combining two or more shorter sentences into one longer, that’.
more interesting sentence. IF means ‘on the condition that’.
v Example: Pam bought three pencils. She lost two of
them.
You can combine them as : Pam bought three pencils
but she lost two of them.
v For lunch I ate a sandwich. I ate potato chips. I ate
a cookie.
You could also write this as: For lunch I ate a
sandwich, potato chips and a cookie.
Doesn’t that sound better!
Conjunction Chart
“and” “but” “or”

You use “and” to combine two You use “but” to combine You use “or” to combine
similar information together. two conflicting or opposing two options together.
Examples: information together. Examples:
1. I am tall and plump. Examples: 1. I want to buy a grey or
2. Susan likes Maths and Art. 1. Planes are fast and comfor- a black car.
table, but they are very scary. 2. Do you like playing
3. He got up and got dressed.
2. It’s nice but short. football or basketball?
4. Go and bring me the map.
3. Tea or coffee, please?
“so” “because-because of”
You use “so” to say that the You use “because” to tell the reason of something. You can
second information is the also use “because of” to tell the reason of something but it’s
result of the first one. followed by a noun or a noun phrase.
Examples: 1. Because I am vrey tired I’ll sleep early today.
1. I am very tired so I’ll sleep 2. We are staying at home because the weather is cold and
early today. windy.
2. It is cold and windy so we 3. I was late for work because of the heavy traffic.
are staying at home.
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LEVEL-1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 8): Tick the word that is not a conjunction.
1. (a) on (b) and (c) as (d) or
2. (a) after (b) but (c) so (d) behind (2015)
3. (a) if (b) or (c) under (d) because
4. (a) that (b) them (c) than (d) then (2014)
5. (a) until (b) so (c) for (d) sweet (2012)
6. (a) though (b) above (c) since (d) if
7. (a) as (b) although (c) and (d) these (2016)
8. (a) either (b) neither (c) left (d) or
Directions (Qs. 9 to 12): Tick the pair that does not go together.
9. (a) cup and saucer (b) thick and thin (2013)
(c) doors and windows (d) fat and fine
10. (a) black and white (b) uncles and aunts (2012)
(c) fit but stick (d) autumn and spring
11. (a) happy and gay (b) blankets and quilts
(c) fork and knife (d) hot and high
12. (a) sweet and sour (b) this and that (2015)
(c) ball and tall (d) Adam and Eve
Directions (Qs. 13 to 19): Tick the most suitable conjunction which goes with the sentence.
13. I like to eat apples ____ not oranges. (2014)
(a) but (b) and (c) or (d) so
14. I need a pencil ____ a piece of paper to write.
(a) or (b) and (c) but (d) so
15. We have a cat ____ we do not have a fish.
(a) but (b) and (c) or (d) so
16. Tomorrow we can go to the movies ____ to the zoo, but not both. (2015)
(a) and (b) or (c) but (d) so
17. I would like tomatoes, carrots ____ peas please.
(a) so (b) and (c) but (d) or
18. We can either buy a scarf ____ a stole for her birthday . (2017)
(a) and (b) but (c) or (d) so
19. The child was happy,______ he started jumping. (2013)
(a) and (b) so (c) but (d) or
Conjunctions 115
LEVEL-2
Directions (Qs. 20 to 24): Complete the following passage with the help of the right
conjunction given below. (Tricky, 2014)
he rabbit has long ears ___(20)___ a short tail. It does not move ___(21)___ run as other
T
animals do. It moves hopping on its hind legs. They are much longer ___(22)___ stronger than
its front legs. It can hop as fast as 29 kilometers an hour ___(23)___ it is in danger. Rabbits
make their homes in fields and grassy areas ___(24)___ they can hide their young ones safely
over there.
20. (a) if (b) or (c) but (d) and
21. (a) or (b) and (c) but (d) because
22. (a) but (b) or (c) if (d) and
23. (a) and (b) or (c) if (d) but
24. (a) and (b) as (c) or (d) because
Directions (Qs. 25 to 29): Tick the sentence that correctly joins the sentences with a
suitable conjunction.
25. I bought a book. I gave it to my sister.
(a) I bought a book than gave it to my sister.
(b) I bought a book so gave it to my sister.
(c) I bought a book and gave it to my sister.
(d) I bought a book as I gave it to my sister.
26. I worked hard. I didn’t pass the exam. (2013)
(a) I worked hard so I didn’t pass the exam.
(b) I worked hard and I didn’t pass the exam.
(c) I worked hard or I didn’t pass the exam.
(d) I worked hard but I didn’t pass the exam.
27. Is that red ? Is that white? (2012)
(a) Is that red for white? (b) Is that red but white?
(c) Is that red and white? (d) Is that red or white?
28. We won the match. We played well. (2016)
(a) We won the match because we played well.
(b) We won the match if we played well.
(c) We won the match but we played well.
(d) We won the match so we played well.
29. My grandfather likes summer. He hates winter. (2014)
(a) My grandfather likes summer if he hates winter.
(b) My grandfather likes summer but he hates winter.
(c) My grandfather likes summer because he hates winter.
(d) My grandfather likes summer or he hates winter.
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Directions (Qs. 30 and 31): From the list given below find out the number of conjunctions
mentioned and then choose the correct option.
30.
Shambhavi and on jump if so
t hrough though hurrah amazing at
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
31.
Ritu since what alas near Aparna
s wim dance when while by farmhouse
(Tricky, 2016)
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
Directions (Qs. 32 to 35): In the following sentences, pick out the correct sentence then
choose the correct option.
32. Statement A: The meeting won’t start until Mr. Agnihotri arrives.

Statement B: Would you inform me till they arrive?
33. Statement A: It was raining so I drove her home. (2013)

Statement B: The house is small but cozy.
34. Statement A: I will come but you promise to drop me home. (2015)

Statement B: I will come if you promise to drop me home.
35. Statement A: Yes is a conjunction. (2014)

Statement B: Yet is a conjunction.
Directions (Qs. 36 to 40) : Select the part of the sentence which contains conjunctions.
36. A. If you will B. not work C. you shall D. not succeed
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
37. A. Many things B. have happened C. since D. I left school
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (2016)
38. A. Jane was so B. tired C. that she could D. scarcelystand
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
39. A. Wisdom B. is better C. than D. rubies
(Tricky, 2012)
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
40. A. Jyoti B. and Ritu C. are D. good friends
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (2017)
Conjunctions 117
RESPONSE GRID

LEVEL-1
1. (a) as it is a preposition.
2. (d) as it is a preposition.
3. (c) it is a preposition.
4. (b) as it is a pronoun.
5. (d) as it is an adjective.
6. (a) as it is a preposition.
7. (d) as it is a demonstrative pronoun.
8. (c) as it is a verb.
9. (d) fat and thin go together.
10. (c) fit and fine go together.
11. (d) hot and cold go together.
12. (c) bat and ball or tall and short together.
13. (a) as it denotes a contrast between what one likes and does not like.
14. (b) as it joins two similar word forms here i.e. pencil and paper.
15. (a) expresses an unlikely situation where one has one thing and doesn’t have another.
16. (b) expresses choice between movies and zoo.
17. (b) joins together similar word forms i.e. carrots, tomatoes and peas.
18. (c) expresses choice between scarf and stole.
19. (b)
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LEVEL-2
20. (c) but; expresses contrast.
21. (a) or; expresses choice.
22. (d) and; joins similar qualities here.
23. (c) if; expresses condition.
24. (b) as; expresses reason.
25. (c) as ‘and’ joins two similar actions here.
26. (d) as ’ but’ expresses a contradictory situation.
27. (d) as ‘or’ expresses choice.
28. (a) as ‘because’ shows reason.
29. (b) as ‘but’ shows a contrast between the two sentences.
30. (b) and, if, so, though
31. (a) since, while, when
32. (b) First sentence is correct. In second sentence till is used, which is incorrect.
It should be replaced with when. Would you inform me when Mr. Agnihotri arrives?
33. (a)
34. (c)
35. (c)
36. (a) If
37. (c) Since
38. (c) that
39. (c) than
40. (b) And
Antonyms and Synonyms 119
CHAPTER FOREWORD
SAD HAPPY BIG SMALL HOT COLD
In this chapter, you will learn about synonyms and antonyms. Let us begin the chapter
with an interesting exercise.
In the table given below, circle the word in column ‘B’ which has the same
meaning as the word given in column ‘A’.
Column A Column B
1. Fast (a) Swift (b) Quick (c) Slow
2. Quiet (a) Low (b) High (c) Silent
3. Right (a) Wrong (b) False (c) Correct
4. Clean (a) Tidy (b) Fresh (c) Dirty
5. Soft (a) Silky (b) Hard (c) Easy
After reading this chapter, you will learn more about synonyms and antonyms. You will
also enhance your vocabulary after learning new words.
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12
Chapter
Antonyms and
Synonyms
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Poem on Antonyms
You say yes, and I say no,
v learn and remember opposites.
You say stop, and I say go,
You say fast, and I say slow, v improve your vocabulary by learning the words which
These are opposites! have similar meaning.
You say day, and I say night,
You say dark, and I say bright, QUICK CONCEPT REVIEW
You say heavy, I say light,
v Language is exciting - it has fabulous patterns to
These are opposites!
play with, we can use it to share, to learn, to explore,
You say big, and I say small,
to communicate, to express. Opposites add beauty
You say short, and I say tall, to our language and help us to express what exactly
You say none, and I say all, we wish to communicate.
v Antonym means opposite. If you wish to write an
You say wet, and I say dry,
antonym of a word, you simply write the opposite of
You say low, and I say high, that word.
You say laugh, and I say cry,
These are opposites! v Will you sing a song of opposite with us? Let’s
start:
You say hot, and I say cold,
You say bought, and I say sold,
You say young, and I say old,
ANTONYMS
These are opposites! Antonyms are words that have the opposite meaning.
You say fat, and I say thin,
You say lose, and I say win,
You say out, and I say in,

Sunny Cloudy
PLAY TIME
Number of players required: 2 or more
The first player will say “Brigadier says” and give a
pair of antonym like “smile and frown”. The other
player will act out opposites that involve movements.
Now the second player will give a pair of antonyms and
the first one will act out. The player who does not act
correctly or does not say the right pair of antonym
loses and the other one will win.
COMMON ANTONYMS
absent - present alive - dead

abundant - scarce all - none, nothing
accept - decline, refuse always - never
accurate - inaccurate ancient - modern
admit - deny answer - question
advantage - disadvantage antonym - synonym
against - for apart - together
agree - disagree
backward - forward better - worse brave - coward
bad - good big - little, small build - destroy
beautiful - ugly black - white borrow - lend
before - after blame - praise bright - dim, dull
begin - end bitter - sweet brighten - fade
below - above bottom - top broad - narrow
bent - straight boy - girl
best - worst
calm - windy, troubled clockwise - anticlockwise
can - cannot, can’t close - far, distant
capable - incapable closed - open
careful - careless clumsy - graceful
cheap - expensive cold - hot
cheerful - sad, discouraged, combine - separate
dreary come - go
clear - cloudy, opaque comfort - discomfort
clever - stupid common - rare
dangerous - safe deep - shallow diseased - healthy
dark - light definite - indefinite down - up
day - night disappear - appear downwards - upwards
dead - alive discourage - encourage dry - moist, wet
decline - accept dull - bright, shiny
decrease - increase dusk - dawn
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early - late encourage - discourage export - import

east - west end - begin, start exterior - interior
easy - hard, difficult enter - exit external - internal
empty - full even - odd
fade - bright few - many forget - remember
fail - succeed find - lose found - lost
false - true float - sink fresh - stale
famous - unknown foolish - wise frequent - seldom
far - near fore - after friend - enemy
fast - slow free - bound, captive for - against
fat - thin fold - unfold fortunate - unfortunate
feeble - strong, powerful full - empty
generous - stingy give - receive, take grant - refuse
gentle - rough glad - sad, sorry great - tiny, small,
get - give gloomy - cheerful unimportant
giant - tiny, small, dwarf go - stop grow - shrink
girl - boy good - bad, evil guest - host
guilty - innocent
happy - sad heaven - hell
hard - easy heavy - light
hard - soft here - there
harmful - harmless hero - coward
harsh - mild high - low
hate - love
ill - healthy, well inferior - superior
important - trivial inhale - exhale
in - out inner - outer
include - exclude inside - outside
increase - decrease intelligent - stupid,
unintelligent
join - separate junior - senior
just - unjust
knowledge - ignorance known - unknown

landlord - tenant lengthen - shorten long - short
large - small lenient - strict loose - tight
last - first left - right lose - find
laugh - cry less - more loss - win
lazy - industrious light - dark, heavy loud - quiet
leader - follower like - dislike, hate love - hate
left - right likely - unlikely low - high
limited - boundless loyal - disloyal
little - big
mad - sane melt - freeze miser - spendthrift

major - minor merry - sad misunderstand - understand
many - few minor - major more - less
mature - immature
maximum - minimum
narrow - wide never - always no - yes
near - far, distant new - old noisy - quiet
neat - messy, untidy night - day none - some
nighttime - daytime north - south
obedient - disobedient old - new optimist - pessimist
odd - even on - off out - in
offer - refuse open - closed, shut outer - inner
old - young opposite- same, similar over - under
past - present poetry - prose pretty - ugly
patient - impatient polite - rude, impolite private - public
peace - war possible - impossible pure - impure, contaminated
permanent - temporary poverty - wealth, riches push - pull
plentiful - scarce powerful - weak
plural - singular
qualified - unqualified question - answer quiet - loud, noisy
raise - lower real - fake rough - smooth
rapid - slow rich - poor rude - courteous
rare - common right - left, wrong
regular - irregular
safe - unsafe sick - healthy, ill sour - sweet
same - opposite simple - complex, hard sow -reap
satisfactory - unsatisfactory singular - plural start - finish
secure - insecure sink - float stop - go
separate - together slim - fat, thick strict - lenient
shallow - deep slow - fast strong - weak
shrink - grow soft - hard success - failure
some - none sunny - cloudy
sorrow - joy synonym - antonym
sweet - sour
take - give thick - thin tough - easy, tender
tall - short tight - loose, slack transparent - opaque
tame - wild tiny - big, huge true - false
them - us together - apart truth - lie
top - bottom
under - over unsafe - safe upstairs - downstairs
unfold - fold up - down useful - useless
unknown - known
vacant - occupied victory - defeat visible - invisible
vanish - appear
vast - tiny
war - peace white - black within - outside
wax - wane wide - narrow wrong - right
weak - strong win - lose
wet - dry
yes - no young – old zip - unzip
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Different words for “Said” v Synonyms are the words which have the same
meaning. Like: for big the synonyms can be huge,
enquired enormous, gigantic.
answered v List of common synonyms:
whined
warned Woman Lady
whispered Road Street
yelled Rug Mat
sighed Flower Bloom
asked Glue Adhesive
questioned Alter Change
shouted Amusing Funny
begged
Angry Cross, mad, annoyed
announced
Sad Unhappy, upset, miserable
replied
Happy Glad, pleased, amused
cried
Ill Sick
muttered
screamed Clever Smart, intelligent
Bike Cycle, bicycle
Mum Mother
Big Large, huge
Small Little
Broom Brush
Fast Quick
Money Cash
Complain Grumble
Friend Mate, pal
Dress Frock
Easy Simple
Story Tale
Author Writer
Cloth Fabric
Rubbish Garbage, litter
Finish End
Begin Start
Hard Difficult
v Antonyms and synonyms are used to beautify the

language. It becomes boring to use the same word
again and again. Hence you can use different words
to communicate the same thought.

LEVEL- 1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 6) : Read the questions and choose the correct option.
1. Tell which pair is antonym out of the following. (2013)
(a) cold, freezing (b) agree, disagree
(c) guess, estimate (d) huge, gigantic
2. Tell which pair is antonym out of the following.
(a) fast, swift (b) loud, noisy
(c) occupied, unoccupied (d) tired, exhausted
3. Tell which pair is synonym out of the following. (2012)
(a) happy, cheerful (b) hot, cold
(c) noisy, quiet (d) tired, energetic
4. Tell which pair is synonym out of the following. (2014)
(a) happy, unhappy (b) agree, disagree
(c) noisy, quiet (d) huge, gigantic
5. An antonym for _________ is misplace. (2016)
(a) ignore (b) find (c) question (d) loud
6. An antonym for _________ is accept.
(a) reject (b) quiet (c) answer (d) lose
Directions (Qs. 7 to 10): Choose the antonym for the blanks given in question.
7. The big giant wheel is fast, but the small giant wheel is _________.
(a) good (b) faster (c) swift (d) slow
8. The room is dirty, but the book shelf is _________. (2017)
(a) clean (b) filthy (c) dirtier (d) none
9. The students in the new batch are hard working, but those in the last batch were
_________ . (2012)
(a) smart (b) lazy (c) both (a) & (b) (d) none
10. Only one team will be victorious, the other will be _________ . (2015)
(a) defeated (b) winner (c) both (a) & (b) (d) none
Directions (Qs. 11 to 14): Choose the word which is most nearly opposite to the word given.
11. Clever (2016)
(a) Splendid (b) Smart (c) Sassy (d) Stupid
12. Attract
(a) Depend (b) Delight (c) Disgust (d) Disable
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13. Scheduled
(a) Assigned (b) Unplanned (c) Prepared (d) Late
14. Blindness (2013)
(a) Handicap (b) Vision (c) Alertness (d) Fragrance
Directions (Qs. 15 to 17): Complete the analogy by choosing the correct option.
15. Dog : hound : : Money : ?
(a) cash (b) expensive
(c) cost (d) none of the above
16. Elephant : huge : : Ant : ? (2016)
(a) insect (b) tiny (c) gigantic (d) happy
17. Calm : windy : : Healthy : ? (2014)
(a) diseased (b) happy
(c) wealthy (d) None of the above
Directions (Qs. 18 to 20): Read the questions and choose the odd one out.
18. (a) huge (b) enormous (c) gigantic (d) small
19. (a) polite (b) courteous (c) gentle (d) cruel
20. (a) pretty (b) ugly (c) beautiful (d) gorgeous (2015)
LEVEL- 2
Directions (Qs. 21 to 23): Replace the underlined word with an antonym.
21. I am the eldest son of the family. (2017)
(a) Oldest (b) Youngest (c) Polite (d) Stubborn
22. He gave me an expensive gift. (2014)
(a) Cheap (b) Huge (c) Costly (d) Nice
23. The two countries declared the war.
(a) Fight (b) Enemy (c) Peace (d) Happy
24. Match the following with their synonyms then choose the correct option.
List I List II (Tricky, 2012)

A. Finish 1. garbage
B. Happy 2. agree
C. Rubbish 3. end
D. Accept 4. delighted

A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3
(b) 3 4 2 1
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 1 2 3 4
25. Choose the correct option which has the correct synonyms for the words which are
underlined. (Critical Thinking, 2014)
It was a nice day, so they were able to play cricket during their games period. The class
was happy when the teacher said they would have a party that afternoon. Shaurya was
excited about the party, but Himanshi did not want to go to the party. She was tired
because she did not sleep well the night before.
(a) bad, sad, depressed, energetic
(b) pleasant, delighted, elated, exhausted
(c) glad, unhappy, excited, tedious
(d) beautiful, glad, elated, energetic
26. How many word pairs of antonyms can you form from the list? (2015)
beautiful, awesome, little, dirty, difficult, kind, loud, hard, ugly ,tiny, up, more, wide,
uninteresting, sleep, down, narrow, clean, tired, easy, quiet, mute, vast, cruel, soft,
wake
(a) 9 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 7
27. Match the pictures with their antonyms. (2013)
List I List II
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3
(b) 4 3 1 2
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 1 2 3 4
28. Which statement out of the following is correct?
A. Antonym of angry is miserable. B. Synonym of begin is end.
C. Antonym of thick is fat. D. Synonym of picture is illustration.
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
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29. Find the correct sequence of sentences based on true or false. (2012)
A. Antonym of early is late. B. Synonym of complain is grumble.
C. Antonym of polite is courteous. D. Synonym of ill is sick.
(a) FFTT (b) TTFF (c) TTFT (d) FTFT
30. Rearrange the sentences in the correct order and then tell which sentences are
true ? (2016)
A. mean the same thing Buy purchase and.
B. of Tomorrow is yesterday the synonym.
C. Shiny dull and are antonyms.
D. Silent quiet are and antonyms.
(a) Option A and B are correct (b) Option B and C are correct
(c) Option B and D are correct (d) Option A and C are correct
31. Read the paragraph below. The numbered words in bold print are the antonyms of
the words that should appear there. Fix the story by replacing each word written in
bold with an antonym that makes more sense in the story. Then choose the correct
option. (Tricky, 2013)
When they (1) left the room to (2) give the test they were (3) peaceful as they were
not prepared for the test. They thought of giving their (4) worst try. They kept on (5)
playing so that they finish their test fast. The teacher asked them to write (6) slowly
if they wanted to finish their test on time.
1. (a) entered (b) went away (c) right (d) out
2. (a) borrow (b) take (c) steal (d) lend
3. (a) calm (b) quiet (c) relax (d) anxious
4. (a) bad (b) awful (c) horrible (d) best
5. (a) writing (b) running (c) crying (d) sliding
6. (a) lazily (b) fast (c) drowsily (d) playfully
32. How many synonyms can you find for the word nice in the following list?
admirable, horrible, playful, strong, charming, huge, little, attractive, bad, unpleasant,
rowdy, harsh, light, pleasant
(a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2
33. How many antonyms can you find for the word talkative in the following list? (2015)
chatty, fluent, uncommunicative, gossipy, charming, quiet, horrible, silent, reserved,
unpleasant, rowdy, lazy, big

(a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 4
34. Based on the images choose the correct option which tells the opposite. (2017)

(a) light, soft, full, short (b) short, soft, full, light
(c) full, light, soft, short (d) soft, light, full, short
Directions (Qs. 35 to 37): Circle the pair of synonyms and choose the correct option.
35. cook, eat, drink, munch
(a) cook and eat (b) drink and eat
(c) eat and munch (d) cook and munch
36. argue, scare, confuse, frighten (Tricky, 2013)
(a) argue and frighten (b) scare and frighten
(c) confuse and argue (d) confuse and scare
37. record, paint, draw, sketch (2015)
(a) record and paint (b) draw and paint
(c) record and sketch (d) draw and sketch
Directions (Qs. 38 to 41): Read the passage carefully and then choose the correct option.
Before the sun had even risen, I bundled up for a walk on a nippy winter morning. I put on my
warm boots, heavy jacket, and fur hat. It was refreshing to get up early and be outside in the
crisp mountain air. I always felt so happy and alive during those early morning walks where I
could appreciate nature all by myself.
38. In the first sentence nippy means: (2016)
(a) Hot (b) Warm (c) Cold (d) Rainy
39. Which word is antonym for crisp?
(a) Cold (b) Rainy (c) Warm (d) Chilly
40. The title of which story has synonym of little?
(a) Cinderella (b) Little Red Riding Hood
(c) Beauty and the beast (d) Snow white and seven dwarfs
41. The title of which story has synonym of animal?
(a) Beauty and the beast (b) Midas Touch
(c) Naughty Amelia Jane (d) Sleeping Beauty
RESPONSE GRID
41. a b c d
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LEVEL- 1
1. (b) agree and disagree are opposites. Rest of the options are synonyms.
2. (c) occupied and unoccupied are opposites. Rest of the options are synonyms.
3. (a) happy and cheerful, both means happy. Rest of the options are antonyms.
4. (d) huge and gigantic, both means large. Rest of the options are antonyms.
5. (b) find.
6. (a)
7. (d) slow. 8. (a) clean. 9. (b) lazy. 10. (a) defeated.
11. (d) Stupid. Rest of the options are synonyms of clever. 12. (c) disgust
13. (b) unplanned. As scheduled means planned beforehand. Hence its opposite will be unplanned.
14. (b) vision. Blindness means inability to see. Hence its opposite will be vision.
15. (a) cash. Hound is a synonym or one of the breed of dog. Similarly cash is the synonym
of money.
16. (b) tiny. As elephant is huge, ant is tiny which means small.
17. (a) diseased. Calm and windy are antonyms. Similarly healthy and diseased are antonyms.
18. (d) small. Rest of the options are synonyms of huge.
19. (d) cruel. Rest of the words are synonyms of polite.
20. (b) ugly. Rest of the words are synonyms of beautiful.
LEVEL- 2
21. (b) youngest is the antonym of oldest. 22. (a) Antonym of expensive is cheap.
23. (c) Antonym of war is peace. 24. (c)
25. (b) Synonym of nice is pleasant, happy is delighted, excited is elated and tire is exhausted.
26. (c) 12. The pairs are- beautiful-ugly, awesome- uninteresting, little- more, dirty-
clean, difficult- easy, kind- cruel, loud- mute, hard- soft, tiny- vast, up- down,
wide- narrow, sleep- wake.
27. (b) 28. (d) D
29. (c) TTFT, polite and courteous are synonyms, hence the sentence is false. Rest of the
sentences are true.
30. (d) A and C are correct. Sentence A- Buy and purchase mean the same thing, which
is correct. They are synonyms. Sentence B- Tomorrow is synonym of yesterday.
This is a wrong sentence. Sentence C-Shiny and dull are antonyms, which is true.
Sentence D-Silent and quiet are antonyms. This is false, as they are synonyms.
31. 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (b)
32. (c) 4. The words are admirable, charming, attractive and pleasant.
33. (d) 4. The words are uncommunicative, silent, quiet, reserved.
34. (c) Opposite of empty ( the glass is empty) is full. Heavy( the weight is of 100 kg.) is
light, hard (the stone is hard) is soft, long (the girl has long hair) is short.
35. (c) eat and munch are synonyms. 36. (b) scare and frighten are synonyms.
37. (d) draw and sketch are synonyms. 38. (c) Nippy is synonym for cold.
39. (c) Crisp means cold. Hence antonym for crisp is warm.
40. (d) Dwarf is the synonym for little. 41. (a) Beast means animal.
Subject and Predicate 131
CHAPTER FOREWORD
You will learn about subject and predicate in this chapter. Here is an exercise based
on the topic.
Match the words given in column I with words in column II.
Column I Column II
1. A dog (a) flew high in the sky.
2. Our teacher (b) are sweet.
3. The kite (c) is a good singer.
4. The oranges (d) is a faithful friend.
5. My sister (e) taught us English.
After reading this chapter, you will know more about subject and predicate and its
usage.
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13
Chapter
Subject and
Predicate
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Understand subject and predicate.
v Knowledge of subject and
predicate will help you to QUICK CONCEPT REVIEW
understand grammar and
other parts of speech We all know that a group of words that makes complete
better.
sense is called a sentence. When we make a sentence, we
name some person or thing; and say something about that
person or thing. So we must have a subject to speak about
and whatever we say about the subject is the predicate.
Hence every sentence has two parts, expressed or
understood.
Sentences : There are four types of sentences.
v Assertive/ Declarative sentences
v Imperative sentences
REMEMBER
v Exclamatory sentences
The SUBJECT is the who or
what of the sentence. v Interrogative sentences
The PREDICATE tells what
the subject does. DEFINITION
v The part of the sentence which names the person or
thing we speak about is called the subject.
v What is said about the person or thing denoted by
the subject. This part of the sentence is called the
predicate.
TRY ADDING THE PREDICATE FOR THESE PICTURES
(d)
(a) (b) (c) (e)
No. Subject Predicate

a. The sun rises in the east
b. The Queen of England visited India
c. Birds are flying in the sky
Misconcept/Concept
d. Children like to read story books
e. Kolkata is on Hooghly river Misconcept: Predicate always
starts from Verb.
A complete sentence is composed of a subject and
Concept: This is not true.
predicate. The predicate modifies the subject of the
In most of the sentences
sentence. It is composed of at least a verb that tells the predicate does start from
action of the sentence’s subject. The predicate identifies verb but not all.
and describes the action of the sentence. Predicates
Example:
complete the thought of the sentence, and provide the
Sweet are the uses of adversity.
substance of the idea that is being communicated.
v Subject: The uses of
Sentences can be classified into four kinds. adversity.
1. Assertive sentences: Also known as declarative v Predicate: are sweet.
sentence, make a statement. They talk about facts
and end with a fullstop. They can either be positive or
negative, depending on the information being shared.
Subject and Predicate
For example - Sunday is a holiday.
(Positive, assertive) Find the verb,
the main verb in a sentence,
The sun does not rise from the west.
(Negative, assertive) then ask yourself
who or what did it?
2. Imperative sentences: They make a command or
That’s the subject.
request. They typically end with a period (.) but
sometimes end with an exclamation mark (!). Like a sentence’s captain,
subjects make verbs happen.
For example - Please be quiet.
E.g : Dana couldn’t stop
Complete your homework. laughing.
“Dana” is the subject, she’s
Imperative sentences that express a desire or wish
doing the action.
are often called as optative sentences.
She was rolling on the floor.
For example - May God bless you “She” is the subject.
I wish I were the Prime Minister.
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3. Exclamatory sentences: Sentences that express strong emotions or feelings like that of
pity, happiness, shock, surprise or anger are called exclamatory sentences. They end with
an exclamatory mark (!)
For example - You did a great job!
I love you so much!
4. Interrogative sentences: Sentences that inquire about someone or something, that is,
question something, are called interrogative sentences. They end with a question mark (?).
For example - What is the capital of India?
How old are you?
PLAY TIME
Players required 2 or more
Both the players will make chits of twenty subject.
They will put it in a bowl and shuffle it. Now each
player will take out a chit and say a predicate for that
subject.

LEVEL-1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 10): Choose the correct word.
1. Big cities have multi-storeyed_______.
(a) bridges (b) roads (c) buildings (d) markets
2. Our school library has huge collection of_______. (2015)
(a) games (b) books (c) newspapers (d) maps
3. Christians’ place of worship. _______.
(a) mosque (b) temple (c) gurudwara (d) church
4. Aeroplanes fly in the_______.
(a) sky (b) water (c) road (d) rail
5. Honesty is the best_______.
(a) idea (b) wealth (c) policy (d) health
6. Bread, butter and egg is my favourite ________. (2016)
(a) breakfast (b) snacks (c) lunch (d) dinner
7. The Himalayas are the highest________.
(a) hills (b) oceans (c) valleys (d) mountains
8. Lotus is our national________. (2017)
(a) bird (b) animal (c) flower (d) fruit
9. The earth goes round the_______.
(a) moon (b) sun (c) planets (d) stars
10. Animals do not_______. (2013)
(a) laugh (b) eat (c) drink (d) sleep
Directions (Qs. 11 to 15): Find the correct analogy.
11. Air is to man as water is to _______.
(a) ostrich (b) plant (c) zebra (d) woman
12. Fragrance is to flower as smoke is to ________. (2016)
(a) fire (b) stem (c) roots (d) water
13. Tortoise is to slow as hare is to ________.
(a) slow (b) rabbit (c) speed (d) deer
14. Hill is to mountain as house is to _______. (2015)
(a) farmer (b) mansion (c) caravan (d) brick
15. Peel is to banana as shell is to _______. (2012)
(a) pearl (b) crab (c) sea (d) hark
Directions (Qs. 16 to 20): Identify the complete subject.
16. Rajiv and his sister came here yesterday.
(a) Rajiv (b) came
(c) came here yesterday (d) Rajiv and his sister
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17. The house behind the lake belongs to my aunt. (2014)
(a) belongs to my aunt (b) house
(c) The house behind the lake (d) lake
18. Sarita and Deepika were talking quietly.
(a) were talking quietly (b) Sarita and Deepika
(c) talking (d) quietly
19. The third and fourth class did not participate. (2017)
(a) The third and fourth class (b) were not allowed to participate
(c) allowed to participate (d) participate
20. My friend Perry helped me with the lawn. (2014)
(a) Perry (b) helped me with the lawn
(c) with the lawn (d) My friend Perry.
Directions (Qs. 21 to 25): Identify the complete predicate.
21. Amit and his friends waited for over an hour. (2016)
(a) waited for over an hour (b) Amit and his friends
(c) for over an hour (d) over an hour
22. Sheena lost her book. (2012)
(a) Sheena (b) her book (c) lost her book (d) book
23. Catherine’s dog spilled tea on the table.
(a) Catherine’s dog (b) spilled tea on the table
(c) tea on the table (d) table
24. Our teacher Mrs. Bhatt gave us books to read. (2015)
(a) books to read (b) gave us books to read
(c) gave (d) Our teacher Mrs. Bhatt
25. Kanha and Krishna sat on the floor. (2013)
(a) floor (b) Kanha and Krishna
(c) sat on the floor (d) sat
LEVEL-2
Directions (Qs. 26 to 28): Match the subjects with the predicates.
26. (Critical Thinking)
List I (Subject) List II (Predicate)

A. The king 1. is a polite person.
B. A good boy 2. sets in the west.
C. The sun 3. never tells a lie.
D. Our headmaster 4. shot an arrow into the air.
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 3 2 4 1
(d) 2 4 1 3
27.

A. Rome 1. are our best friend.
B. Books 2. was not built in a day.
C. The stars 3. sells pens, papers etc.
D. A stationer 4. are shining in the sky.
A B C D
(a) 4 1 2 3
(b) 3 2 4 1
(c) 2 1 4 3
(d) 1 2 3 4
28. (2016)

A. Humpty Dumpty 1. is very strict.
B. Our maths teacher 2. are the pillars of success.
C. Swimming 3. sat on a wall.
D. Failures 4. is the best exercise.
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 4 2 1 3
(c) 2 3 4 1
(d) 3 1 4 2
Directions (Qs. 29 and 30): Each sentence is broken into subject and predicate, find out
the correct one. (Tricky)
29. A. Socrates / was a learned man.
B. My father goes / for a walk every morning.
C. Delhi, the capital of India, / is my hometown.
D. The dewdrops glitter / in the sunshine.
(a) A and C are correct (b) A and B are correct
(c) B and D are correct (d) C and D are correct
30. A. Borrowed / garments never fit well. (2012)
B. A sick room / should be well aired.
C. Edison invented / the phonograph.
D. A pen / is mightier than a sword.
(a) A and B are correct (b) A and C are correct
(c) B and D are correct (d) C and D are correct
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Directions (Qs. 31 to 35): Consider the statements given below the passage, and find out
true or false.(Tricky)
Indian cities are interesting places to visit. Metropolitans are highly populated. Other smaller
cities are also of great value. Delhi, the capital of India, is famous for its historical places.
Kolkata is famous for art and culture. Mumbai, the Gateway of India is known for film industry.
Chennai stands for its churches. Bangalore stands for computer industry. Hyderabad is famous
for Charminar. Our country is an interesting place for tourists.
31. A. Kolkata (Sub)/ is famous for art and culture (pre).
B. Interesting places to visit (sub)/ Indian cities are (pre).
32. A. Are highly populated (sub)/ metropolitans (pre).
B. Delhi, the capital of India (sub)/ is famous for its historical places (pre).
33. A. Our country is an interesting (sub)/ place for tourists (pre).
B. Chennai stands (sub)/ for its chruches (pre).
34. A. Mumbai the Gateway of India (Sub)/is known for film industry (pre)
B. Our country is an (Sub)/interesting place for tourists (pre)
35. A. Bangalore (sub)/stands for computer industry (pre).
B. Hyderabad is famous (Sub)/for Charminar. (pre)
36. Identify the pictures and use the first letter of each word to make a new word.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.

The word is (2014)
(a) sentiment (b) sentence (c) subject (d) predicate
Directions (Qs. 37 and 38): Look at the list given below and then choose the correct option.
37. In the list given below how many subjects can you find ?
A big spider, A buzzing bee, landed the UFO, checked my vision, my notebook, spun
a web, my notebook, has lots of clothes in it, jumped in the sea, the eye doctor, the
house. The space alien, needs soil, water and sunlight.

(a)
4 (b)
6 (c)
7 (d)
8
38. In the list given above, how many predicates can you find ?

(a)
4 (b)
5 (c)
6 (d)
7
Directions (Qs. 39 to 43) : Identify the type of sentence and choose the correct option.
39. The firemen were extinguishing the fire. (2015)
(a) Assertive (b) Imperative (c) Interrogative (d) Exclamatory
40. The stars are shining brightly. (2017)
41. Are you going to the movie tonight?
42. Wow, its a beautiful dress! (2012)
43. Do not litter the class. (2016)
Directions (Qs. 44 to 48) : Identify the correct sentence and choose the correct option.
44. (a) I am very hungry. (b) I forgot do to my homework (2013)
(c) Going to the beach are very fun. (d) I don’t thinks.
45. (a) Who is sing so loudly? (b) The boy kicks the ball. (2014)
(c) Thames is ate rice. (d) Becky and Jess are playing the
singing and piano.
46. (a) We will race in the running this Monday. (b) I am to going to the dentist. (2017)
(c) I do not has enough money. (d) The dog is running after me.
47. (a) Are we their yet? (b) Come to soon home. (2014)
(c) Is you alright? (d) I need some help.
48. (a) The storms was terrible. (b) The child loves the dog. (2015)
(c) You are to very kind. (d) It do right now.
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RESPONSE GRID
46. a b c d 47. a b c d 48. a b c d

LEVEL-1
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (c)
6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (a)
11. (b) plant 12. (a) fire
13. (c) speed (tortoise walks slowly but hare walks speedily)
14. (b) mansion (as mountain is bigger form of hill so mansion is bigger form of house)
15. (b) crab.
16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (d)
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (b) 25. (c)
LEVEL-2
26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (d) 29. (a) 30. (c)
31. (b) 32. (c) 33. (d) 34. (b) TF
35. (b) TF 36. (b) SENTENCE
37. (c) A big spider, a buzzing bee, my notebook, the eye doctor, the house, the space alien.
38. (c) Landed the UFO, checked my vision, spun a web, has lots of clothes in it, jumped
in the sea, needs soil, water and sunlight.
39. (a) Assertive 40. (a) Assertive
41. (c) Interrogative
42. (d) Exclamatory 43. (b) Imperative
44. (a) I am very hungry.
45. (b) The boy kicks the ball.
46. (d) The dog is running after me.
47. (d) I need some help.
48. (b) The child loves the dog.
Question and Question Tags 141
CHAPTER FOREWORD
This chapter discusses question words and question tags.
Match sentences in column I with their question tags given in column II.
Sentences Question Tags

1. She needs rest. (a) is he?
2. They are going. (b) will you ?
3. It's hot today. (c) Isn't it?
4. Don't forget to come to the party (d) Aren't they?
5. He isn't a good Player. (e) doesn't she?
After reading this chapter, you will be able to know about questions. You will also
learn to form question tags.
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14
Chapter
Question and
Question Tags
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Real Life Examples This lesson will help you to:—
Sometimes the same word v know about questions and their benefits in English
may have different patterns language.
depending on the situation or v form question tags.
implication.
v You don’t remember my name, Q U I C K C O N C E P T R E V I E W
do you? (rising: expresses
v There are five wh- questions-WHAT, WHERE, WHO,
surprise)
WHY, WHEN.
v You don’t remember my name,
v The “grammar” used with wh- questions depends on
do you? (falling: expresses
whether the topic being asked about is the “subject”
amusement or resignation)
or “predicate” of a sentence. For the subject pattern,
v Your name is Mary, isn’t it? simply replace the person or thing being asked about
(rising: expresses uncertainty) with the appropriate wh-word.
v Your name is Mary, isn’t it? Example: Someone called me up.
(falling: expresses confidence) Question framed will be: Who called me up?
v For the predicate pattern, wh- question formation
depends on whether there is a helping verb in the
original sentence. Helping verbs are verbs that
precede main verbs.
Example: We can do it.
Question: Who can do it?
PLAY TIME
Players required: 2 or more. Take a ball and throw it
towards your partner asking wh- questions. The other
player will answer and ask another wh- question from
the third player. The person who is not able to answer
correctly or ask the correct wh- question is out and
the player who remains till the end is the winner.
What do you pack your lunch in? Who teaches your class?
Where do you keep your home work in? Who packs your lunch?
What do you eat for lunch? Who cuts your hair?
Which is your favourite restaurant? Who lives in your house with you?
Which is your favourite movie? Who is your favourite actor or

actress?
Question Word Function Example

What asking for information about What is your name?
something
asking for repetition or confirmation What? I can’t hear you. You did
what?
When asking about time When did he leave?
Where asking in or at what place or position Where do they live?
Who asking which person or people Who opened the door?
(subject)
Why asking for reason, asking what for Why do you say that?
How asking about manner How is this work done?
asking about condition or quality How was your exam?
How+adj/adv asking about extent or degree See examples below.
How far distance How far is Pattaya from Bangkok?
How long length (time or space) How long will it take?
How many quantity (countable) How many cars are there?
How much quantity (uncountable) How much money do you have?
How old age How old are you?
QUESTION TAGS
A question tag is a question added at the end of a sentence.
They consist of a statement and a tag. Speakers use
question tags chiefly to make sure their information is
correct or to seek information.
Question tags are used in English for two main purposes:
1. To get someone involved in a conversation, to
When can you talk to your friends
encourage a response.
at school?
2. To confirm information that you think is true.
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THERE ARE RULES TO FORM QUESTION TAGS

1. After positive statements, we use a negative tag.
Example: You are from Delhi, aren’t you?
Krish is here, isn’t he?
2. After negative statements, we use a positive tag.
Example: I am not surprised, am I?
Iqbal and Danny aren’t lazy, are they?
3. If the statement has a modal, it is repeated in the
tag.
Example: Rekha can go herself, can’t she?
You should not sleep late, should you?
4. With the Simple Present Tense we use do / does -
don’t / doesn’t. With the Simple Past Tense we use
did / didn’t.
Example: Chetna listens to music, doesn’t she?
Shiva works at a bank, doesn’t he?
5. When using 'I am', the tag we use is 'aren't I?/ain't.
Example: I'm the fastest,
The question tags are mostly used in spoken English.

LEVEL-1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 10): Choose the correct question tag.
1. She’s from a small town in China, _______?
(a) is she (b) does she (c) doesn’t she (d) isn’t she
2. They aren’t on their way, _______? (2012)
(a) aren’t they (b) do they (c) are they (d) isn’t they
3. We’re late again, _______? (2013)
(a) are we (b) aren’t we (c) shall we (d) shall not we
4. I’m not the person with the tickets, _______?
(a) am I (b) is I (c) are I (d) do I
5. Julie isn’t an accountant, _______? (2014)
(a) isn’t she (b) is she (c) doesn’t she (d) do she
6. The weather is really bad today, _______?
(a) doesn’t it (b) shall not it (c) isn’t it (d) will it
7. He’s very handsome, _______? (2015)
(a) is he (b) does he (c) isn’t he (d) isn’t it
8. They aren’t in Mumbai at the moment, _______?
(a) doesn’t they (b) shall not they (c) are they (d) will not they
9. You aren’t from Brazil, _______?
(a) are you (b) do you (c) don’t you (d) will not you
10. John’s a very good student, _______? (2016)
(a) isn’t he (b) doesn’t he (c) isn’t it (d) don’t he
Directions (Qs. 11 to 15) : Choose the correct option and fill in the blanks.
11. _________ do you live? (2014)
(a) When (b) Why (c) Where (d) Which
12. _________ will you start tomorrow?
(a) When (b) Which (c) Who (d) Whose
13. _________ is your sister’s name? (2017)
(a) Who (b) When (c) What (d) Why
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14. __________ are you late today?
(a) When (b) Who (c) Whose (d) Why
15. __________ is your house?
(a) Which (b) Whose (c) When (d) Why
Directions (Qs. 16 to 20) : Choose the correct question from the sentence given.
16. _________ The park is over there. (2012)
(a) Why is the park over there? (b) Where is the park?
(c) When is the park? (d) How is the park?
17. _________ These books belong to her. (2017)
(a) What is her name? (b) Whose books are these?
(c) Where are these books? (d) Which are these books?
18. _________ The earth revolves around the sun.
(a) Why does the earth revolve around the sun? (b) What revolves around the sun?
(c) How does the earth revolve? (d) When does the earth revolve?
19. __________ I will go there by bus. (2013)
(a) Who will come? (b) How will you go?
(c) Why will you go? (d) When will you go?
20. __________ The train left at 2.00 pm. (2014)
(a) What time did the train leave? (b) When did the train leave?
(c) How did the train leave? (d) Which train left at 1.30 pm?
LEVEL-2
Direction (Qs. 21 and 25) : Look at the following table and match them with the correct
question tags.
21. (2013)
List I List II
A. She is collecting stickers, 1. didn’t he?
B. They are going home from school, 2. won’t he?
C. Kevin will come tonight, 3. aren’t they?
D. Peter played handball yesterday, 4. isn’t she?
A B C D
(a) 1 4 2 3
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 3 4 2 1
22.
List I List II
A. We often watch TV in the afternoon, 1. ain’t I?
B. John and Max don’t like Maths, 2. did she?
C. Mary didn’t do her homework last Monday, 3. don’t we?
D. I’m clever, 4. do they?
A B C D
(a) 1 4 2 3
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 3 4 2 1
23. (2014)
List I List II
A. She’s definitely not coming, 1. doesn’t it?
B. It happened yesterday, 2. is she?
C. It won’t hurt, 3. didn’t it?
D. It drives you mad, 4. will it?
A B C D
(a) 1 4 2 3
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 3 4 2 1
24. (2012)
SENTENCE QUESTION TAG
A. They’re working on the project, 1. was it?
B. It wasn’t my fault, 2. will it?
C. Bill got what he wanted, 3. didn’t he?
D. It won’t be hard to convince her, 4. aren’t they?
A B C D
(a) 4 1 3 2
(b) 3 2 4 1
(c) 2 3 1 4
(d) 1 2 3 4
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25. (2016)
SENTENCE QUESTION TAG
A. We’ve done our job, 1. did they?
B. You should apologize for what you have done, 2. haven’t we?
C. They didn’t start at two o’clock, 3. shouldn’t you?
D. They finish work at five o’clock, 4. don’t they ?
A B C D
(a) 4 1 3 2
(b) 3 2 4 1
(c) 2 3 1 4
(d) 1 2 3 4
Directions (Qs. 26 and 27): Find if the given statements are correct or incorrect, then
choose the correct option. (2015)
26. (A) They’re selling their house, are they?
(B) He could have bought a new car, couldn’t he?
(C) He didn’t recognize me, didn’t he?
(D) You have cleaned your bike, haven’t you?
(c) (B) and (D) are correct (d) (A) and (C) are correct
27. (A) We use question tags at the end of a sentence to ask if what we said is false or
not, or if the other person disagrees or not.
(B) If we say something positive, the question tag is usually negative.
(C) If we say something negative, the question tag is positive.
(D) If the sentence contains an auxiliary or modal, the same cannot be repeated in
the question tag.
(c) (C) and (D) are correct (d) (A) and (C) are correct
Directions (Qs. 28 to 37) : Carefully look at the picture given below and frame questions
with the words-‘who, what, when, where, why and how’ for the given sentences.
(Tricky, 2014)
28. This is Anita’s study room.

(a) Where room is this? (b) Whom room is this?
(c) What room is this? (d) Whose room is this?
29. The teddy bear is kept on the sofa.
(a) Whom is the teddy bear kept? (b) Whose is the teddy bear kept?
(c) Where is the teddy bear kept? (d) Why is the teddy bear kept?
30. Computer is kept on the table.
(a) Who is kept on the table? (b) What is kept on the table?
(c) Where is kept on the table? (d) When is kept on the table?
31. There are four pictures hanging on the wall.
(a) What many pictures are hanging on the wall?
(b) How are many pictures hanging on the wall?
(c) How many pictures are hanging on the wall?
(d) Where many pictures are hanging on the wall?
32. It is 7 o' clock in the morning.
(a) What is the time in the morning? (b) Where is the time in the morning?
(c) How is the time in the morning? (d) Which is the time in the morning?
33. Clothes are kept inside the cupboard to prevent them from dirt.
(a) Which clothes are inside the cupboard?
(b) Why are the clothes kept inside the cupboard?
(c) Where are the clothes inside the cupboard?
(d) How are the clothes inside the cupboard?
34. At 8 o' clock Anita will go to school.
(a) Whom will Anita go to school? (b) How will Anita go to school?
(c) Why will Anita go to school? (d) When will Anita go to school?
35. All the books are arranged in the bookshelf.
(a) Why are the books arranged? (b) When are the books arranged?
(c) What are the books arranged? (d) Where are the books arranged?
36. Anita has kept her toy house over the cupboard so that her little brother could not
break it.
(a) When has Anita kept her toy house over the cupboard?
(b) Why has Anita kept her toy house over the cupboard?
(c) How has Anita kept her toy house over the cupboard?
(d) Where has Anita kept her toy house over the cupboard?
37. A lamp is kept in the corner of the room.
(a) What is kept in the corner of the room?
(b) Who is kept in the corner of the room?
(c) Where is kept in the corner of the room?
(d) How is kept in the corner of the room?
Directions (Qs.38 to 42) : Read the passage given below. Choose the correct option for
the questions based on the passage. (Critical Thinking, 2015)
Hundreds of years ago, there were gurukuls to study. The students had to live with their
teacher in an ashram. The teacher was called guru. The boys in the ashram used to share all
the work. The guru taught them languages, mathematics and about holy books. They were also
taught horse-riding and the use of bows and arrows. One such young boy was Arun. He lived
in an ashram. He was a good pupil. He always obeyed his guru. His guru loved him very much.
There were fields around the ashram. The boys helped in the fields. They would get water
from a nearby stream.
38. Long ago, where did the boys go to study?
(a) Gurukul (b) School
(c) Study centre (d) None of the above
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39. What did the guru not teach the boys?
(a) Languages (b) Mathematics
(c) Use of guns (d) Use of bows and arrows
40. Why did the guru love Arun?
(a) Because he was a prince.
(b) Because he obeyed his guru.
(c) Because he gave gold coins to his guru.
(d) Because the expected Arun will become like him.
41. Apart from studying, what did the boys do in the ashram?
(a) They helped build houses.
(b) They helped in cooking food.
(c) They helped in getting water from nearby streams.
(d) They partied until dawn.
42. Apart from studies, what did the guru teach them?
(a) Hunting (b) Using bows and arrows
(c) Dancing and singing (d) Swimming
RESPONSE GRID
41. a b c d 42. a b c d

LEVEL-1
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (a)
10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (b)
19. (b) 20. (b)
LEVEL-2
21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (c)
26. (c) as (i)They are selling their house, aren’t they? (iii) He didn’t recognise me, did he?
27. (b) as (i) We use question tags at the end of a sentence to ask what we said is true or
not, or if the other person agrees or not. (iv) If the sentence contains an auxiliary
or modal, the same has to be repeated in the question tag.
28. (d)
29. (c) 30. (b) 31. (c) 32. (a) 33. (b) 34. (d) 35. (d) 36. (b)
37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (c) 40. (a) 41. (c) 42. (b)
Punctuations 151
CHAPTER FOREWORD
In this chapter, you will know that punctation marks play an important role in
controlling the flow of language.
A few sentences with blank spaces are given below. Fill suitable punctuation
mark to complete the sentence.
1. What is your favorite colour ___________
2. My favorite colour red __________
3. Rohan ___________ Deepa and Monty are playing in the garden _________
4. _________ Let us go ________ he suggested __________
5. Bravo _____________ you have done it __________
After reading this chapter, you will be able to know more about punctuations, its
types and usage.
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15
Chapter
Punctuations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Historical Preview
v learn about punctuations.
v Origin of question Mark. v understand different types of punctuations.
v When early scholars wrote v examine the usage of punctuations.
in Latin, they would place
the word questio – meaning QUICK CONCEPT REVIEW
"question" – at the end
of a sentence to indicate Learning punctuation is an important skill of acquiring a
a query. To conserve complete grammatical knowledge. Punctuation is used to
valuable space, it was soon create sense, clarity and stress in sentences. It means
shortened to qo, which the right use of putting in Points or Stops in writing. The
caused another problem – following are the principal stops:
readers might mistake it (1) Full Stop or Period (.)
for the ending of a word. So
(2) Comma (,)
they squashed the letters
into a symbol: a lowercased (3) Semi colon (;)
q on top of an o. Over time (4) Colon (:)
the o shrank to a dot and (5) Question Marks (?)
the q to a squiggle, giving (6) Exclamation Marks (!)
us our current question
mark. (7) Dash (_)
(8) Parenthesis ( )
(9) Inverted Commas or Quotation Marks (“ “)
Examples:
Full Stops and Commas
Full Stops are used to put an end of a Declarative,
Imperative sentence.
Eg, Ashoka was a great Indian King.
Sit here.
He is not the best person for this job.
A comma informs the reader to pause before continuing
the sentence. Unlike a period, the sentence is not over
but simply being paused for a moment. Eg, health, wealth
and peace go together. I bought bread, butter, eggs and
milk from the market.
Punctuations 153
QUESTION AND EXCLAMATION MARKS
Amazing Fact
Like a full stop, a question mark finishes a sentence.
v Backslash is not a form
Unlike a full stop, a question mark turns the sentence
of punctuation. There are
into a question rather than a statement. Eg, what are you
fourteen forms of punctuation
writing in your copy? He said, “Who is there?”
in the English language.
An exclamation point also ends a sentence like a full stop,
but the sentence is turned into an exclamation rather
than a simple statement. Readers should read a sentence
with an exclamation mark with excitement. Eg, Bravo! We
have won the match. Alas! His dog is dead.
COLONS AND SEMICOLONS

A semicolon connects two free-standing but related
sentences where the conjunction has been left out.
Semicolons are typically used before introduction words
such as namely, however, therefore, that is, for example or
for instance. Eg, God gave her peace; her land reposed.
A colon is used before a sentence that expands on the
previous one. Colons are often used before listing items.
Eg, Shakespeare says: “Sweet are the uses of adversity.”
APOSTROPHES AND PARENTHESES

An. apostrophe (') is used to show possession or omission.
An apostrophe is used in a contraction in place of the
letter that has been removed. "It's" uses an apostrophe
to replace the "i" in "is." "It's" is a contraction of "it is."
Apostrophes showing possession:
We use an apostrophe to show that a thing or person
belongs or relates to someone or something.
For example: To say that the book belongs to Benher, we
write: This is Benher’s book.
In plural nouns that end in ‘s’, add an apostrophe after
the 'S'.
For example : It is a girl's school.
The work is due to start in two week’s time.
Apostrophe showing contraction:
Parentheses are used to enclose clarifying statements.
Someone might use parentheses (if they thought it was
necessary) to help clarify or expand on a sentence. If
parentheses are used in a narrative, the sentence must
also make sense if the words in the parentheses were not
included.
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Misconcept/Concept
DASH
It is used to indicate an abrupt stop or change of thought
Misconcept: It is usually or to resume a scattered subject. Eg, friends, companions,
considered correct to use relatives all deserted him.
more than one exclamation
mark at the end of a
sentence. THE USE OF CAPITAL LETTER
Concept: No, it's not proper 1. The first word of every sentence. Example: The
because it's sort of like moon shines at night.
shouting. You don't see many 2. Proper Noun. Examples:
well-written books with
(a) Names of persons: I like Rajan.
sentences that end with
three exclamation points (b) Names of Places: Karan lives in Lucknow.
because it isn't correct. (c) Names of Countries: India is great.
Misconcept: It is not necessary (d) Names of Rivers: The Ganga is a holy river.
to end the sentence with
3. Words like God, I.
some form of punctuation.
Concept: A sentence always 4. The first word of every line of poetry. Example:
end with some form of Two little Dicky birds
punctuation. Sitting on a wall,
One named Peter, one named Paul,
Fly away Peter, fly away Paul,
Come back Peter, come back Paul.
5. The first word of a sentence put within the inverted
commas.
Example: She said, “India is our motherland.”
Punctuation is very important in sentence structure. It is
a series of symbols used in the middle and at the end of
a sentence. It can help determine what type of sentence
it is and how to respond. Many sentences can mean very
different things without punctuation. Some symbols can
be confusing. It can help to improve your grammar by
learning how to use these symbols.
Punctuations 155
EBD_7338

LEVEL- 1
irections (Qs. 1 to 10): Choose the correct punctuation.
D
1. John said, I am in a hurry and cannot spare time.
(a) comma (b) colon
(c) inverted comma (d) apostrophe
2. What is the time by your watch (2012)
(a) full stop (b) question mark (c) semi colon (d) parenthesis
3. Oh what a beautiful work of art.
(a) question mark (b) dash
(c) inverted comma (d) exclamation mark
4. Delhi Mumbai Kolkata and Chennai are the metropolitans of India. (2014)
(a) colon (b) apostrophe (c) comma (d) full stop
5. Can you bring me a glass of water
(a) exclamation mark (b) semi colon
(c) comma (d) question mark
6. As short pause is to comma, so long pause is to __________ . (2015)
(a) full stop (b) exclamation mark
(c) colon (d) question mark
7. As interrogation is to question mark, so exclamation is to__________. (2012)
8. As related sentences are connected with a semi colon, so a sentence is expanded
with a ________ .
9. As a sentence is ended with a full stop , so a question is ended with a _______ .
(a) full stop (b) exclamation mark (2016)
10. As contraction in a sentence is used with an apostrophe, so expansion in a sentence
is used with a ____________ . (Tricky)
(a) parenthesis (b) exclamation mark
Direction (Qs. 11 to 15): Find the odd one out.
11. (a) (,) (b) (/) (c) (?) (d) (;)
12. (a) (!) (b) (‘) (c) (.) (d) (=) (2013)
13. (a) (@) (b) (;) (c) (,) (d) (?) (2016)
14. (a) (“) (b) ($) (c) (-) (d) (.)
15. (a) (;) (b) (“) (c) (&) (d) (,) (2015)
LEVEL- 2
16. Read the sentences carefully and choose the correct option. (Tricky, 2014)
1. How exciting are the gifts of nature?
2. The three holy books are: the Gita, the Bible, and the Quran.
3. When are you coming to Delhi!
4. He said to us, “Wait and watch.”
(a) TTFF (b) FTFT (c) FFTT (d) TFTF
Punctuations 157
17. Read the statements carefully and choose the correct option.
Statement A: exclamatory sentences are marked with excitements of happiness or
sadness.
Statement B: a colon is used to connect two related sentences. (Critical Thinking)
Directions (Qs. 18 to 20): Find out the number of punctuations in the given passages.
18. Spring, while we are writing, is here. The winds blow gently. The birds, the flowers,
and the buds all proclaim the coming of spring. “The sun has set, the moon has
risen, the stars have come out, and the night has arrived,” declared the Hermit.
(a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 11 (d) 13
19. He said, ”Why do you come here and disturb me? What a nuisance you are! Why
can’t you play somewhere else? Can you not see that I want to work? Go away at
once and do not come here again.” (2016)
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 7
20. “ O friend,” said Ashok, “will you help me in this my hour of sore need ?” “Yes,”
said I, “very gladly; and even if I have to run to the other end of the world.”
(a) 17 (b) 15 (c) 11 (d) 13 (2015)
21. Match the following: (2017)
List I List II
A. Was not 1. There’ve
B. There will 2. I’ll
C. I will 3. Wasn’t
D. There have 4. There’ll
A B C D
(a) 3 4 2 1
(b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 2 1 4 3
22. Read the sentences and choose the correct option. (Tricky)
A. dr. stewart examined my teeth and said that i do not have any cavities.
B. There are three doctors in this office.
C. my dad was glad to see the prime minister.
D. I started to write with my pencil but the lead was broken.
(a) TTFF (b) FFTT (c) FTFT (d) TFTF
23. Read the sentences carefully and suggest the punctuation mark. (2016)
What time does the bus arrive _____
(a) . (b) , (c) ? (d) –
24. Read the sentences carefully and suggest the punctuation mark. (2012)
My brother plays football
(a) . (b) , (c) ? (d) –
25. How many punctuation marks are there in the table below. (Tricky, 2015)
(.) (,) (2) (D) (“) (%) (?) (:) (x) (;)

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 4
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RESPONSE GRID

LEVEL- 1
1. (c) John said, ”I am in a hurry and cannot spare time.”
2. (b) What is the time by your watch?
3. (d) Oh ! what a beautiful work of art.
4. (c) Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai are the metropolitans of India.
5. (d) Can you bring me a glass of water?
6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (c)
9. (d) 10. (a)
11. (b) (/) it is a sign of slash or oblique .
12. (d) (=) it is a sign of equal to .
13. (a) (@) it is a sign of at the rate of .
14. (b) ($) it is a sign of dollar .
15. (c) (&) it is a sign of and .
LEVEL- 2
16. (b) 1. How exciting are the gifts of nature!
3. When are you coming to Delhi?
17. (a) A colon is used before a sentence that expands on the previous one.
18. (d) 13
19. (c) 9
20. (b) 15
21. (a)
22. (c)
23. (c) ?
24. (a) .
25. (b) 6

CHAPTER FOREWORD Idioms, Phrases and Proverbs 159
In this chapter, you will learn different idioms proverbs and phrases. You will see
their use can make the language interesting. Here is an interesting exercise based on
idioms, phrases and proverbs, for you.
Given below are certain popular idioms and proverbs. Complete them by choosing
the suitable fillers from the box.
wealth, play, leap, feather, give,

basket, hay, trades, mother , early
1. All work and no ______________ makes Jack a dull boy.

2. Birds of a ______________ flock together.
3. Don’t put all your eggs in one ______________.
4. The ______________ bird catches the worm.
5. Health is ______________.
6. It is better to ______________ than to take.
7. Jack of all ______________ is master of none.
8. Look before you ______________.
9. Make ______________ while the sun shines.
10. Necessity is the ______________ of invention.
After reading this chapter, you will be able to use idioms, proverbs and phrases in
writing.
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16
Chapter
Idioms, Phrases
and Proverbs
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
v understand what idioms, phrases and proverbs
mean.
v apply them in writing.
Historical Preview
v understand their importance in day to day com-
munication.
v “Bury the hatchet.”
v Native Americans used to QUICK CONCEPT REVIEW
bury weapons to show that
fighting had ended and Idioms
enemies were now at peace. Idiom is an expression of two or more words that
Today, the idiom means to means something other than the literal meanings of its
make up with a friend after individual words. Idioms are used to replace a literal word
an argument or fight. or expression.
v “Raining cats and dogs.” Definition: An idiom is a phrase where the words together
v In Norse mythology, the have a meaning that is different from the dictionary
dog is associated with wind definitions of the individual words.
and the cat with storms. For example:
This expression means it's
He cried crocodile tears because he wanted his dad to
raining very heavily.
buy him something.
Just as a crocodile cannot cry, the boy was not crying at
all! He was just acting!
People use idioms to make their language richer and more
colourful. Idioms and idiomatic expressions can be more
precise than the literal words, often using fewer words
but saying more.
Phrases
A phrase is a group of words that have a particular
meaning when used together, or which someone uses on a
particular occasion.
Example:
He disposed off his car for a small sum.
Here the phrase ‘disposed off’ can easily be replaced with
“sold”, so, that’s how we use a phrase.
Idioms, Phrases and Proverbs 161
PROVERBS
A short well-known statement that gives advice or
expresses something that is generally true. Take the Amazing Fact
famous proverb:
Slow and steady wins the race. To “shed crocodile tears.”
‘A penny saved is a penny earned’ is another example of v Crocodiles have a reflex
a proverb. that causes their eyes to
tear when they open their
mouths. This makes it look as
AN INTERESTING FACT though they are crying while
Every proverb has a story behind it. devouring their prey. In
fact, neither crocodiles nor
Here’s a story about the Hare and the Tortoise:
people who shed “crocodile”
tears feel sorry for their
STORY actions.
Once upon a time, there were two good friends, the hare
and the tortoise. One day the hare told the tortoise,
“tortoise are too slow, I can run much faster than you.”
The tortoise replied, fine! Let’s run a race. We‘ll see who
wins it. On a fixed date and time, they ran the race. The
hare was so confident that he started taking short naps
in between the race. The tortoise plodded along. After he
had slept for the third time, the hare opened his eyes to
see that the tortoise had won the race.
Lesson: Slow and steady wins the race.
TIP
The best way to remember this proverb is to remember
the story associated with it.
SOME COMMONLY USED PROVERBS AND THEIR MEANINGS
v Absence makes the heart grow fonder – Being away
from something makes you appreciate it
v A picture is worth a thousand words – An image can
tell a story better than words.
v All good things must come to an end – Every thing
has an end
v Don't judge a book by its cover- Don't judge someone
by appearance alone.
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S. No. Idiom Meaning
1 Blessing in disguise Something good in seemingly bad thing
2 High water Obstacles in your path
Complaining about a loss or failure of

3 Cry over spilt milk
the past
4 Hit the nail on the head Exactly right
5 Piece of cake Very easy
6 Slap on the wrist a mild punishment
7 Spill the beans Tell a scret
Something that worsens an already bad

8 Add fuel to the fire
situation.

LEVEL- 1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 10): Find out the meaning of the following phrases.
1. To bear up
(a) to hold up (b) to despair (c) to put up with (d) to get angry
2. Take down
(a) pick (b) read (c) write (d) revise
3. bring forth (2012)
(a) bring to light (b) buy something (c) call for a gift (d) bring a gift
4. Break down
(a) break into small pieces (b) beat up
(c) fail in something (d) enter a place
5. Call for (2013)
(a) demand (b) buy something (c) call for a gift (d) cause to buy
6. Carry out
(a) take away (b) burdensome (c) execute (d) go about

7.
Give up (2015)
(a) drive off (b) succeed
(c) stop doing something (d) tie up
8. Stand against
(a) object to (b) accept (c) deny (d) note for
9. Get off (2012)
(a) move down (b) escape (c) move forward (d) climb down

10.
Go into (2014)
(a) move inside (b) clear out (c) move about (d) examine
Directions (Qs. 11 to 15): Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct idiom.
11. Sunaina was _______ when her best friend moved away. (2017)
(a) pushed the envelope (b) feeling blue
(c) under the weather (d) cold shoulder
12. Amita was suffering from fever. She was feeling _________ .
(a) feeling blue (b) cold shoulder
(c) under the weather (d) down to earth
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13. Babita did not speak to Shivangi. She gave her __________ .
(a) early bird (b) hit the hay
(c) pushed the envelope (d) cold shoulder
14. Robert is a simple and _________ person. (2016)
(a) shrewd (b) down to earth (c) practical (d) bang on
15. Naresh wanted to make quick profits, so he took a _________ . (2014)
(a) envelope (b) apple (c) big step (d) cold shoulder
LEVEL- 2
Directions (Qs. 16 to 20): Look at the pictures given below. They talk of a particular
proverb. Locate them from the options given below:
(2015)
16.

(a) Time and tide wait for no man. (b) Slow and steady wins the race.
(c) A stitch in time saves nine. (d) You only get what you deserve.
17. (2014)

(a) Better late than never. (b) Don’t cry over spilt milk.
(c) Silence is golden. (d) Prevention is better than cure.
18.
(2017)

(a) Out of shape. (b) Huge step.
(c) Big risk. (d) Merrier and happier.
19.
(a) The proof of pudding is in eating. (b) To keep an eye on.
(c) Playing with fire. (d) Prevention is better than cure.

20. (Tricky)

(a) Time and tide wait for no man. (b) Spare the rod and spoil the child.
(c) United we stand, divided we fall. (d) The proof of pudding is in eating.
Directions (Qs. 21 to 25): Read the given situations. Choose the most appropriate idiom
or proverb which matches with the situation.
21. I thought Aditya would be a good worker, but it turns out that he can’t cut the
mustard. (2016)
(a) He is not good in cooking.
(b) He does not know how to collect mustard.
(c) He cannot deal with problems and difficulties.
22. Nishi decided that she would go out on a limb and ask Satyam to the annual dance
competition. (Critical Thinking)
(a) Nishi will take a risk.
(b) Nishi will fight.
(c) Nishi will take some vehicle.
(d) Nishi will go out of the way to ask him.
23. Mukund thought his mom would let him go to the party, but no dice. (Tricky)
(a) There was no vehicle to go.
(b) There was no money.
(c) Mom was not available.
(d) Mom denied and there was no possibility.

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24. Rohan was too tired to finish the assignment, so he decided to hit the hay.
(a) He prepared to go for sleep.
(b) He postponed his assignment for the next day.
(c) He thought it was useless to do the work.
25. Abhijeet was excited when he found out that he would have his own flat given by
his company. It was just the icing on the cake. (2014)
(a) The flat was small but good.
(b) The flat was beautiful.
(c) The flat was an additional benefit to the salary he was getting.
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Directions (Qs. 26 to 29): Rearrange the following words in the correct order to form
idioms or phrases.

26.
Birds two with stone one kill (2012)
(a) Stone with two birds kill one (b) Kill birds two stone with one
(c) Birds stone two with one kill (d) Kill two birds with one stone
27. Silver cloud every a has lining
(a) Every cloud has a silver lining (b) Cloud every has a silver lining
(c) Silver lining has a every cloud (d) Lining cloud silver has a every
28. Your heart have your mouth in (2016)
(a) Have your mouth in your heart (b) Have your heart in your mouth
(c) Your heart in have your mouth (d) Mouth your in have heart your
29. Deserves good turn another one
(a) One good turn another deserves (b) Another deserves one good turn
(c) Good turn deserves one another (d) One good turn deserves another
Direction (Q. 30): Match the following: (Critical Thinking, 2015)
List I List II
A. I missed out 1. in her success.
B. Her parents had a hand 2. on the prey.
C. The lion crept up 3. at once.
D. Don't drink your juice 4. on the party.
A B C D
(a) 2 3 4 1
(b) 3 2 4 1
(c) 4 1 2 3
(d) 4 3 2 1
RESPONSE GRID

LEVEL- 1
1. (c) Bear up means to show courage or determination during a difficult or unpleasant
time, so does ‘to put up with’. Hence other options are irrelevant.
2. (c) Take down and write are both synonyms of each other and can be replaced with
each other. Others options are redundant.
3. (a) Bring forth or bring to light are the same in meaning. Other options do not conform
to the phrase ‘bring forth’.
4. (c) Break down means ‘failing in something’ and can be replaced with each other. Other
options break into small pieces, beat up and enter a place do not correspond with
the given phrase.
5. (a) Call for means demand for something. Hence it is the right option.
6. (c) Carry out means ‘to execute something’. So other options are not relevant.
7. (c) Give up means ‘to stop doing something’ and can easily be replaced with each other.
8. (a) Stand against means ‘to object to something’.
9. (d) Get off can be replaced with climb down. Example: You get off the bus or you climb
down the bus.
10. (a) Go into and move inside are also the same in meaning. Hence can be replaced with
each other.
11. (b) feeling blue means feeling sad.
12. (c) under the weather means feeling ill or sick.
13. (d) cold shoulder means paying 'no heed'. or giving no attention.
14. (b) down to earth means the person is simple and with no tantrums.
15. (c)
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LEVEL- 2
16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (b)
20. (c)
21. (c) if you can't cut the mustard, you cannot deal with problems or difficulties.
22. (a) go out on a limb means-to take a risk.
23. (d) no dice is used when something that you say in order to refuse a request or to
make clear that something is not possible.
24. (a) hit the hay means prepare for sleep.
25. (c) icing on the cake means an additional benefit to something already good.
26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (d)
30. (c)
Tenses 169
CHAPTER FOREWORD
This chapter will help you to understand the concept of tenses. You will know that
tenses refer to time of any action.
Given below is a table which provides the present form of certain words. You
have to write the past and the future form of these words. One has been done
for you.
Pre se n t Past Future

eat ate will eat
walk ____________________ __________________

sit ____________________ __________________
talk ____________________ __________________
work ____________________ __________________
dance ____________________ __________________
expire ____________________ __________________
appreciate ____________________ __________________
vibrate ____________________ __________________
After reading this chapter, you will be able to learn about tenses and its types. You
will understand the correct use of tenses in a sentence.
EBD_7338
17
Chapter Tenses
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
v learn the different types of tenses used in English
Grammar.
v learn to identify the types of tenses of a given
sentence.
v apply the correct form of tenses in the construction
A Poem of sentences.
Tenses tell the time, QUICK CONCEPT REVIEW

they are the basis Tense of a sentence gives you an idea of the time when
of English Grammar, the incident mentioned in a statement takes place.
mastering them
is not an easy crammer.
TYPES OF TENSES
But if you strive Tenses can be divided into three types.
you will be on the way,
Tenses
to achieve efficiency
in the usage of tenses every day.
English language will then Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense
seem more easy and flexible
Your ability to express PRESENT TENSE
will improve in double.
Present tense can be further sub divided into (1) Simple
For tenses are the Present, (2) Present Continuous, (3) Present Perfect, (4)
roots of the tree Present Perfect Continuous.
on which English Grammar 1. Simple Present Tense: A sentence is called to be
in simple present tense when it describes an action
stands you see. that occurs daily or as a habit. Even for universal
truths we use Simple Present Tense.
It is also used for the actions which may occur in the
future but are in form of time table.
Tenses 171
Structure
1st form of verb is used as simple present tense.
Examples:
v The sun sets in the west. (universal truth)
v All the cars stop at this crossing. (regular action)
v Michael teaches social studies in a school. (regular
action)
v Rajdhani leaves at seven in the morning. (as per time
table)
v The teacher said if she works hard she will pass.
v I drink tea. (regular habit).
2. Present Continuous: In the present continuous
tense, the action is ongoing/still going on and hence
continuous. The present continuous tense is used to
talk about actions that are happening at this current
moment and will go on for some time.
Structure
Is/am/are+ verb +ing.
Examples:
v Please wait for a moment, Shyam is talking to Mary.
v We are late; he will be waiting for us at the restaurant
now.
v Mom, I am playing football.
v Are they still living here?
v She is having her breakfast now.
PAST TENSE
1. Simple Past Tense: Simple past tense is used to narrate
an action of the past. The verb in the past tense
usually ends with an ‘-ed’. It can also be changed by
making the change of the vowel as in ‘drink’ - ‘drank’.
Past tense is also made by changing the complete
word, as, in go - went.
Structure
2nd form of verb.
Examples:
v Katie worked in that office for almost four years.
v He passed away in 1999.
v We went for the movie yesterday.
v Three years ago, I studied at the Canada University.
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2. Past Continuous Tense: Past tense indicates activities
that have already happened in the past and have
been completed before the time of mention. It
means that the action took place in the past and
occurred continuously for some time and then ended
in the past itself.
Structure
was/ were+ verb+ ing.
Examples:
v He was washing the dishes, while she was cooking
dinner.
v I was working at 11 p.m yesterday.
v We were playing football when it started to rain.
v She was reading a thriller novel when I called her.
v What were you doing when Sam arrived?
v I was walking down the street yesterday when the
police van was patrolling the city.
FUTURE TENSE
1. Simple Future Tense: This tense is used for the
actions which will occur later, in future. They are
usually planned action, thought or a belief.
Structure
will/ shall + 1st form of verb.
Examples:
v She will not come tomorrow.
v Will you come to play with me after school?
v I will go to the market tomorrow.
v I will reach home by 7p.m.
v I think, India will win the match.
2. Future Continuous Tense: This tense defines those
actions which will occur in future and will continue
for some time.
Structure
‘will’ + ‘be’ + 1st form of verb+ ing.
Examples:
v Today, she will be walking all the way to her house
from her office.
v I will be watching the new movie next week.
v By this time tomorrow, I will be at home watching
T.V.
Tenses 173

LEVEL-1
1. Choose from the following options which tense is this?
Krish will play cricket tomorrow.
(a) Present tense (b) Past tense (c) Future tense (d) None of these
2. Roshan is flying a kite.
(a) Present continuous tense (b) Past tense
(c) Future tense (d) None of these
3. Past tense : he worked :: Future tense : ?
(a) he worked (b) he will work
(c) he is working (d) none of these
4. Present tense : eating :: Past tense : ? (2014)
(a) ate (b) will eat (c) eating (d) none of these
(a) Simple Present Tense (b) Simple Future Tense
(c) Future Perfect Tense (d) Present Future Tense
(a) Present Continuous (b) Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(c) Past Perfect Continuous Tense (d) Past Present Future Tense
7. Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentence. (2015)
The author ______ quite annoyed when she ______ that the publisher was very
dishonest.
(a) will be / will determine (b) was / determines
(c) would be / will determine (d) was / determined
Directions (Qs. 8 to 17): Complete the sentences, put the correct form of simple past
tense, positive or negative.
8. It was warm, so I _____ off my coat. (take) (2012)
(a) took (b) take (c) taken (d) taking
9. The film wasn’t very good. I ________ it very much. (enjoy) (2016)
(a) enjoyed (b) didn’t enjoy
(c) enjoying (d) will be enjoying
10. I knew Sarah was very busy, so I _______ her. (disturb) (2015)
(a) disturb (b) disturbed (c) didn’t disturb (d) will disturb
11. I was very tired, so I ____ to bed early. (go)
(a) go (b) will be going (c) gone (d) went
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12. The bed was very uncomfortable. I _____ very well. (sleep)
(a) didn’t sleep (b) slept (c) will sleep (d) did sleep
13. Sue wasn’t hungry, so she ____anything. (eat)
(a) was eat (b) didn’t eat (c) ate (d) eating
14. It was a funny situation but nobody _______ . (laugh) (2015)
(a) is laughing (b) smiled
(c) laughed (d) will be laughing
15. The window was open and a bird _____ into the room. (fly) (2014)
(a) flew (b) will be flying (c) flown (d) flying
16. The hotel wasn’t very expensive. It _____ very much. (cost)
(a) costing (b) costs (c) didn’t cost (d) did cost
17. I was in a hurry, so I _______ time to phone you. (have) (2016)
(a) had (b) having (c) didn’t have (d) did have
Directions (Qs. 18 to 22) : Change the underlined word into past tense and choose the
correct option.
18. I enjoy seeing statues and old paintings. (2012)
(a) enjoys (b) enjoying (c) was enjoying (d) enjoyed
19. The train for Ajmer leaves at 9.30 a.m.
(a) leave (b) left (c) leaved (d) had left
20. I am reading ‘Fantastic Four’. (2014)
(a) is (b) was (c) were (d) been
21. The earth moves round the sun. (TRICKY)
(a) move (b) moved (c) moving (d) no change
22. When does the shop open? (2015)
(a) do (b) did (c) done (d) was doing
Directions (Qs. 23 to 25) : Fill in the blanks using correct form of the verbs given in the
brackets by choosing the correct option.
23. Mary ________ (brush) her teeth twice a day.
(a) brush (b) brushes (c) brushed (d) brushing
24. My father ________ (try) to come home early on Saturdays. (2016)
(a) try (b) trys (c) tried (d) tries
25. Nancy ________ (have) to report to the head office every day. (2017)
(a) has (b) have (c) having (d) had
Tenses 175
LEVEL-2
26. Which statement is true regarding past tense?
Statement A : The rain had stopped by the time they came home.
Statement B : I shall be watering the garden in the morning tomorrow.
(a) Statement A is true B is false. (b) Statement B is true A is false.
27. Which statement is true regarding future tense? (2012)
Statement A : He had played cricket.
Statement B : He will be playing cricket.
(a) Statement A is true B is false. (b) Statement B is true A is false.
Directions (Qs. 28 to 32): Complete the exercise with the verbs inside the box. (Convert
into simple past tense) (Tricky)
buy catch cost drink

fall hurt sell spend
teach throw win write
28. Mozart ____ more than 600 pieces of music.
(a) wrote (b) hurt (c) cost (d) spent
29. ‘How did you learn to drive?’ ‘My father _____ me.’
(a) bought (b) threw (c) taught (d) spent
30. We couldn’t afford to keep our car, so we _____ it.
(a) wrote (b) sold (c) cost (d) bought
31. I was very thirsty. I ______ the water very quickly.
(a) drank (b) bought (c) threw (d) won
32. Paul and I played tennis yesterday. He’s much better than me, so he _____ easily.
(a) fell (b) taught (c) threw (d) won
33. She ______ for her pen when she discovered that she ______ it in her handbag all
the time.
(a) was looking / had (b) looked / would have
(c) was looking / will have (d) would look / would have
34. We ______ warm clothes on the field trip because it was cool outside but we ______
take any of them out of the suitcase. (2013)
(a) were taking / won’t have to (b) took / didn’t have to
(c) took / will have to (d) will take / will have to
35. She ______ very well but her sister cooked much better when I ______ her.
(a) is cooking / know (b) cooked / would know
(c) cooks / knew (d) will cook / will know
36. For a long time people ______ that the world was flat and that people could fall
off the edge. (2015)
(a) are thinking (b) thought
(c) will be thinking (d) may think
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Directions (Qs. 37 to 41): Look at the pictures given below. (Time is mentioned alongside.)
and choose the suitable tense from the options given.
March-2014
37.
(a) Boy was eating an ice cream. (b) Boy will eat an ice cream.
(c) Boy must eat an ice cream. (d) Boy eats an ice cream.
Today
38. (2017)
(a) Grandma is reading a story. (b) Grandma read a story.

(c) Grandma will read a story. (d) None of the above.
Dec. 2014 (2016)

39.
(a) Suman’s birthday was yesterday. (b) Today is Suman’s birthday.

(c) Suman celebrated her birthday. (d) Suman is celebrating her birthday.
Today
40.
(a) Manoj listens to music. (b) Manoj is listening to music.

(c) Manoj was listening to music. (d) Manoj will be listening to music.
Tenses 177
41. Sept. 2
2014
(2013)
(a) Rashmi will be born in September. (b) Rashmi is born today.

(c) Rashmi was born in September. (d) None of the above.
Directions (Qs. 42 to 49) : Read the passage given below and complete it by filling the blanks.
(Critical Thinking, 2015)

Moris, the magician .....(42)..... home when all of a sudden it begaan to rain. It
.....(43)..... heavily. Moris looked around for shelter and .....(44)..... a pretty little
fir tree. He .....(45)..... towards it as fast as he could. Soon the raain .....(46)..... .
Moris was happy that because off the fir tree he did not .....(47)..... wet. He said to the
tree, “Thank you, you have been kind to me. I would like to reward you. .....(48)..... for any
wish and I .....(49)..... grant it.”
42. (a) returned (b) is returning (c) was returning (d) will be returning
43. (a) rained (b) rains (c) raining (d) rain
44. (a) finds (b) find (c) found (d) finded
45. (a) ran (b) running (c) run (d) runs
46. (a) stops (b) stopped (c) stopping (d) is stopping
47. (a) got (b) get (c) gotten (d) gets
48. (a) ask (b) asks (c) asked (d) is asking
49. (a) shall (b) is (c) was (d) am
Directions (Qs. 50 and 51): Match the following based on the correct tense and then
choose the correct option.
5
0. List I List II (2013)
A. All of you ______ a special meal tomorrow. 1. will see

B. We _____ apples right now. 2. saw
C. We _____ a movie on coming saturday. 3. are eating
D. Rajan ________ a bear. 4. will eat
A B C D
(a) 4 1 3 2
(b) 4 3 1 2
(c) 3 2 1 4
(d) 2 4 1 3
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51.
List I List II
A. He ______ better when he wears sun-glasses. 1. getting
B. You are _____ the results of the choices you made. 2. am looking
C. I ____ at the sunrise. 3. died
D. She ______ of cancer. 4. looks
A B C D (2015)
(a) 4 1 3 2
(b) 3 2 1 4
(c) 4 1 2 3
(d) 1 4 3 2
RESPONSE GRID
51. a b c d

LEVEL-1
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (d)
8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (c)
15. (a) 16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (b) 21. (d)
22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (a)
LEVEL-2
26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (b) 31. (a) 32. (d)
33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (c) 36. (b) 37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (c)
40. (b) 41. (c) 42. (c) 43. (a) 44. (c) 45. (a) 46. (b)
47. (b) 48. (a) 49. (a) 50. (b) 51. (c)
CHAPTER FOREWORD
Vocabulary 179
You should understand the importance of good vocabulary. Good vocabulary helps a lot
in building your language skills.
Here is an exercise for you.
Identify the different living creatures from the pictures given below. Write
their names in the space provided.

______________ _______________ ___________________

___________________ _________________ ___________________

___________________ ________________ ___________________

___________________ _______________ ___________________
After leading this chapter, you will be able to learn new words and enhance your
vocabulary.
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18
Chapter Vocabulary
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
v Knowledge of good vocabulary v learn new words and improve your ability to express
boosts one’s self-confidence. in English language.
It adds beauty to your v increase self-confidence.
language. You can also solve
crosswords, charts and Q U I C K C O N C E P T R E V I E W
other puzzles where multiple
meanings are required. Vocabulary is an ornamentation of language. The way we
beautify ourselves with jewellery, vocabulary makes the
language more impressive and logical.
Developing a strong vocabulary not only promotes reading
comprehension but also enables us to actively participate
in our society. People often consider a strong vocabulary
the hallmark of an educated person.
Good readers have a diverse vocabulary. They ask questions
when they are unclear about what a word means, they use
the context of a conversation or the happenings in a book
to decipher the meaning of unfamiliar words and they use
varied vocabulary in referring to familiar objects (this
bird is big, but this elephant is gigantic).
Get into the habit of picking a word of the day. Choose a
new word and try to use it in different ways throughout
the day. Can you imagine how many words you will learn in
the whole year? 365. Wow! Try it.
Words are like the leaves of an evergreen tree. They fill
your mind with fresh waves of powerful thoughts.
Given below are a few words in order of increasing
difficulty. Read them aloud.
1. Cherish - To hold something as very important.
Usage - I cherish this trophy I won.
2. Foster - To help to develop a feeling or skill.
Usage - She fosters a sense of honesty in the little
boy.
Vocabulary 181
3. Prompt – To do something without any delay.
Usage – He gave a prompt reply of my letter.
Historical Preview
4. Attentive – To give close notice to something or
somebody. v In a famous cartoon by
Usage - We should be attentive in the classroom. Walt Disney, Mickey Mouse
5. Glorious – Worthy of great fame or honour. is an apprentice to a wizard
Usage - Kalpana Chawla has left behind her glorious and makes errors that
achievement. cause chaos!
The best place to find words is a dictionary. Nowadays v Can you find the meaning of
picture dictionaries are available for kids. apprentice?
ACTIVITY FOR VOCABULARY

"The Picky Puppet"
Using a favourite puppet, explain that the puppet is picky
– he only likes things that start with a certain letter. For
example, "he only likes things that start with the letter
T." Now think of some examples of things that begin with
the letter. Then look around the house (or around the
neighbourhood during a walk) and pick out things that
begin with that letter. Introduce a new letter for the
puppet to be picky about each day.
PLAY TIME
The vocabulary-centered game of Scrabble was
originally conceived long back. It now sells in more than
120 countries, making it one of the most successful
board games ever. You can play Scrabble using 100
lettered tiles, each with its own number value, that you
must use to form words on the board. Each word must
at least crisscross on another word already created.
Scrabble makes a good vocabulary-building game
because it places the highest value on less frequently
used letters, such as "X" and "Q," leading players to
come up with obscure words.
TIPS
1. The best way to improve your vocabulary is to look
up a dictionary whenever you encounter a new word.
2. Even if there is the slightest doubt regarding the
usage of any word, refer the dictionary.
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LEVEL- 1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 5): Choose the best options to complete the sentence given below:
1. The Mercedes is an ___________ car. (2014)
(a) Indian (b) Brittle (c) expensive (d) colourful

2. The chair ___________ under his weight.
(a) weighed (b) banged (c) broke (d) stood

3. Bharat’s grandmother is eighty four but she is a ___________ lady. (2015)
(a) weak (b) strong (c) shy (d) timid

4. Exercise is important for good ___________.
(a) health (b) brain (c) limbs (d) marks

Vocabulary 183
5. Many people were ___________ when the building collapsed. (2016)
(a) died (b) beaten (c) spoken (d) injured

Direction (Qs. 6 to 10): Complete the analogy by choosing a suitable option.
6. Butter is to milk as
(a) seed is to fruit. (b) wine is to grapes.
(c) tiger is to tigress. (d) None of the above.
7. Lion is to lioness as (2015)
(a) orange is to fruit. (b) shoes is to leather.
(c) dog is to bitch. (d) cat is to mammal.
8. Snake is to reptile as
(a) son is to daughter. (b) ape is to monkey.
(c) banana is to vegetable. (d) butterfly is to insect.
9. Wool is to sheep as (2014)
(a) monkey is to animal. (b) milk is to butter.
(c) feather is to bird. (d) man is to woman.
10. Bee is to hive as (2016)
(a) apple is to fruit. (b) man is to mammal.
(c) dog is to kennel. (d) table is to chair.
Directions (Qs. 11 to 15): Pick the odd one out from the options given below.
11. (a) potato (b) onion (c) ladyfinger (d) rose
12. (a) banana (b) apple (c) apricot (d) gooseberry
(2016)
13. (a) shrub (b) herb (c) tree (d) wood
14. (a) monkey (b) chimpanzee (c) langoor (d) bear (2017)
15. (a) almond (b) pencil (c) sharpener (d) pen

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16. My mother is cooking a ________ meal for the party. (2014)
(a) beautiful (b) delicious (c) smart (d) wealthy
17. The children are ________and solving their math problems.
(a) fighting (b) talking (c) shouting (d) discussing
18. It is strictly _________ to pluck flowers in public gardens. (2015)
(a) prohibited (b) encouraged (c) dangerous (d) poisonous
19. Reading increases our _________ in different areas.
(a) habit (b) health (c) knowledge (d) senses

Vocabulary 185
20. Fighting with someone is the worst part of ___________. (2016)
(a) behaviour (b) thought (c) habit (d) routine
21. I suggest you to prefer a ________ to find the meaning of this word.
(a) calculator (b) grammar (c) dictionary (d) abacus
22. We should take care of the ________ of our food and water. (2013)
(a) pure (b) safety (c) hygiene (d) freshness
23. There are many resorts for the _________ at the beaches of Goa. (2014)
(a) people (b) citizens (c) pilgrims (d) tourists
24. The earth is the only planet in the _________ where life exists.
(a) Jupiter (b) Universe (c) Saturn (d) Cosmos
25. Healthy body and mind need _________ food.
(a) spicy (b) tangy (c) delicious (d) nutritious
Directions (Qs. 26 to 30): Choose the words from the given options which mean nearly the
same of the word given.
26. Amiable
(a) sorrow (b) cheerful (c) dull (d) peasant
27. Prohibit (2016)
(a) forbid (b) think (c) argue (d) fight

28.
Interpret (2014)
(a) check (b) discuss (c) explain (d) write
29. Mutual
(a) ability (b) agree (c) contain (d) common
30. Frolic (2017)
(a) food (b) happiness (c) merriment (d) freedom

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LEVEL- 2
Directions (Qs. 31 to 34): Match the following by choosing the correct option.

31. (Critical Thinking)
Animal Sounds
A. Giraffe 1. squeak
B. Kangaroo 2. screech
C. Bats 3. chortle
D. Mice 4. grunts
E. Camels 5. bleats
A B C D E
(a) 4 2 1 3 5
(b) 5 3 2 1 4
(c) 1 4 3 2 5
(d) 2 3 1 4 5
32. (2013)
People Occupation
A. Counsellor 1. metalworker who specializes in working with gold.
B. Goldsmith 2. person who builds or repairs wooden wheels.
C. Mason 3. hired to give help or guidance.
D. Wheel wright 4. one who lays bricks or stones to construct brick work.
A B C D
(a) 4 2 1 3
(b) 3 1 4 2
(c) 1 4 3 2
(d) 2 3 4 1

33. (Critical Thinking, 2015)
Building People living there
A. Bungalow 1. soldier in border area
B. Bunker 2. eskimo
C. Palace 3. city Businessman
D. Igloo 4. queen of England
A B C D
(a) 1 2 4 3
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 4 3 1 2
(d) 3 1 4 2
Vocabulary 187
34. (2015)
Animal Type
A. Man 1. reptile
B. Cockroach 2. bird
C. Snake 3. mammal
D. Frog 4. insect
E. Eagle 5. amphibian
A B C D E
(a) 3 4 1 5 2
(b) 1 3 2 4 5
(c) 4 1 3 2 5
(d) 2 3 4 5 1
Directions (Qs. 35 to 37): Arrange the following in ascending order. (the smallest to the
biggest)
35. Paragraph, letter, sentence, word (2015)
(a) paragraph, sentence, word, letter (b) letter, word, sentence, paragraph
(c) letter, paragraph, sentence, word (d) sentence, letter, paragraph, word
36. Cottage, bungalow, castle, flat (2014)
(a) flat, bungalow, cottage, castle (b) castle, bungalow, flat, cottage
(c) bungalow, flat, cottage, castle (d) cottage, flat, Bungalow, castle
37. Walk, run, crawl, skip
(a) run, skip, walk, crawl (b) walk, skip, run, crawl
(c) crawl, walk, skip, run (d) skip, crawl, run, walk
Directions (Qs. 38 to 42): Identify the following picture and then choose the best option.
38. (2013)

(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Osama bin Laden
(c) Shahrukh Khan (d) Rabindranath Tagore
39. (2012)

(a) Ship (b) Rocket (c) Spacecraft (d) Submarine
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40.

(a) Saxophone (b) Gramophone (c) Trumpet (d) Violin
41. (2014)

(a) Computer (b) Photocopy (c) Fax machine (d) Scanner
42.

(a) Sunflower (b) Rose (c) Lily (d) Tulip
Directions (Q. 43 to 52): Answer the following question based synonyms and antonyms
43. Excursion (2014)
(a) Homework (b) Gardening (c) Outing (d) Holiday
44.
Illuminate (Tricky, 2012)
(a) To write beautifully (b) To sing on a stage
(c) To use light for decoration (d) To paint on canvas
45. Conveyance
(a)
Space-station (b) Vehicle
(c) Highway (d) None of the above
46. Nocturnal (2015)
(a) Daytime (b) Afternoon (c) Nighttime (d) Evening
47.
Junction (2016)
(a) At a turn (b) Crossing

(c) A corner (d) None of the above
Vocabulary 189
48. Absurd
(a) Foolish (b) Meaningful
(c) Stupid (d) None of the above
49. Dejected (2016)
(a) Cheerful (b) Sad (c) Satisfied (d) Happy
50 . Agreement
(a) To say yes (b) To appeal
(c) To argue (d) None of the above
51. Blunt
(a) Soft (b) sharp (c) Very sad (d) bright
52. Discriminate (2017)
(a) To be nice (b) To be partial
(c) To be cruel (d) To be impartial
Direction (Q. 53): Arrange the following in ascending order.
53. story, riddle, novel, poem (2015)
(a) poem, riddle, novel, story (b) riddle, poem, story, novel
(c) story, novel, poem, riddle (d) riddle, story, novel, poem
Directions (Qs. 54 and 55): Arrange the following in descending order.

54.
river, stream, ocean, sea (Tricky)
(a) river, stream, sea, ocean (b) stream, ocean, sea, river
(c) sea, river, ocean, stream (d) ocean, sea, river, stream
55. helicopter, airbus, glider, airplane (2014)
(a) airbus, airplane, helicopter, glider (b) airplane, glider, helicopter, airbus
(c) glider, airbus, airplane, helicopter (d) glider, helicopter, airbus, airplane
Directions (Qs. 56 to 60): Look at the pictures. These are various types of boats. Identify
them and then choose the correct option.
56. (2012)
(a) kayak (b) gondola (c) longboat (d) riverboat

57.
(2015)
(a) kayak (b) gondola (c) longboat (d) riverboat

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58. (2014)
(a) motorboat (b) submarine (c) hovercraft (d) fanboat
59.
(a) motorboat (b) hovercraft (c) ship (d) yacht
60.
(a) kayak (b) riverboat (c) shikara (d) longboat
Direction (Q. 61): Match the following with their antonymns (2013)
List I List II
A. Analysis 1. deficient
B. Behaviour 2. tragic
C. Comic 3. sorrow
D. Delight 4. misconduct
E. Enough 5. synthesis
A B C D E
(a) 2 3 5 4 1
(b) 3 5 4 1 2
(c) 5 4 2 3 1
(d) 4 3 1 2 5
Direction (Q. 62): Choose the words from List II which can substitute the group of words
from List I. (2015)
List I List II
A. School for infants 1. cloak room
B. Place visited for enjoyment 2. orchard
C. Clothes are washed and ironed 3. laundry
D. Fruits are grown in 4. resort
E. Luggage are kept in 5. kindergarten
Vocabulary 191
A B C D E
(a) 1 2 3 4 5
(b) 3 4 5 2 1
(c) 5 4 3 2 1
(d) 2 1 4 3 5
Direction (Q. 63): Find out how many food items are there in the given list which are relished
by you. (Critical Thinking)
A H J N Q T R M U G C
M A N C H U R I A N U
D F V K W F X E P O S
B U R G E R S S A C T
L Y D I P I P A S T A
C H O W M E I N T B R
A Z S E O D Z D R G D
K I A X M R Z W Y R M
E Q K I O I A I D L I
Y E A D W C D C Z H S
N F K I C E T H G D U
P B I R Y A N I L Y O
E G G R O L L P Z M L
A C H V B F J S C J B

(a)
10 (b)
15 (c)
20 (d)
8
RESPONSE GRID
61. a b c d 62. a b c d
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LEVEL- 1
1. (c) 2. (c) He was so heavy that the chair broke.
3. (b) She is strong that is why she is working.
4. (a) 5. (d)
6. (b) Butter is obtained from milk and wine is obtained from grapes.
7. (c) The lion is a male and the lioness is a female, so also the dog is a male and a bitch
is the female.
8. (d) The snake is a reptile and the butterfly is an insect.
9. (c) The sheep have wool and birds have feather.
10. (c) The bee lives in a hive and the dog lives in a kennel.
11. (d) The rest are vegetable, rose is a flower.
12. (d) The rest are fruits, gooseberry is a vegetable.
13. (d) All others except wood belong to the plant world.
14. (d) All the rest are types of monkey.
15. (a) All the rest are stationery items.
16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (a)
21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (b) 25. (d)
26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (d) 30. (c)
LEVEL- 2
31. (b) 32. (b) 33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (b)
36. (d) 37. (c) 38. (d) 39. (d) 40. (b)
41. (c) 42. (d)
43. (c) To go on a school excursion or outing. 44. (c) 45. (b)
46. (c) 47. (b)
48. (b) 49. (a) 50. (c) 51. (b) 52. (d)
53. (b) 54. (d) 55. (a) 56. (a) 57. (b)
58. (c) 59. (d) 60. (c)
61. (c) (A) synthesis, (B) misconduct, (C) tragic, (D) sorrow, (E) deficient.
62. (c)
63. (b) 15
ACROSS
1. manchurian 2. burger 3. chowmein 4. biryani
5. eggroll 6. idli
DOWN
7. cake 8. dosa 9. momo 10. fried rice
11. pizza 12. sandwich 13. chips 14. pastry
15. custard
Letter Writing 193
CHAPTER FOREWORD
In life, many a times you will require to write a letter. It may be to a friend or relative
or to someone else.
Given below is a format of personal letter. Fill the blanks to complete the letter.
_____________
Dear __________
______________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Yours ______________
After reading this chapter, you will be able to know more about letter writing. You will
also learn how to write formal and informal letter.
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19
Chapter Letter Writing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Real Life Example
v understand letter writing.
v As electronic communication
v write informal letter (personal).
technologies such as e mail and
text messaging have become v write formal letter (application).
more and more prevalent,
letter writing still remains an
important skill to discover. In Emails and text messages have become the standard
fact e-mail writing is also a form of written communication in today’s fast-paced,
kind of letter writing. digital word. Yet there is still ample scope for the slow
and old fashioned letters.
There are various types of letters that we are usually
required to write in our everyday life.
Making letters interesting requires a little craft, a
little consideration and a touch of creativity.
FORMS OF LETTERS
There are two types of letters.
• Formal
• Informal
Formal letters are written to communicate with businesses,
officials or individuals you don’t know very well.
Informal letters are personal letters written to friends
and relatives.
To avoid any miscommunication make sure that they are
written neatly and in a good handwriting.
In all letters there are six points which must be covered.
1. The heading consisting of (a) the writer’s address
and (b) the date.
2. The courteous greeting or salutation.
3. The communication or message – The Body of the
letter.
4. The subscription, or courteous Leave–taking, or
Letter Writing 195
conclusion.
5. The signature.
6. The superscription on the envelope. Amazing Fact
CLASSIFICATION OF LETTERS v The record for the longest

letter was established in
(I) INFORMAL LETTERS (personal or friendly)
1952, during the Korean
Informal letters are easy to write in terms of format, War. A lady in Brooklyn,
tone and language. These kind of letters are written New York, wrote to her
to friends, relatives and parents. Their style is chiefly boyfriend, a soldier in
conversational. the U.S. Army, serving in
How to write an Informal Letter? Korea. Instead of using
regular writing paper, this
Start: The address and date should be on left hand
ingenious lady used the
corner of the letter.
narrow tape that is found
Salutation: This would normally start with either "Dear..." on adding machines, 3,200
or "Hi..." with no comma afterwards. feet of it! The letter took
Body: The first paragraph usually starts with greeting her one month to write.
and asking about the health like "How are you dear"?
In the second paragraph, you can ask question or you can
answer to the question asked by the recipient - maybe
asking for an opinion or advice.
You can also write something about yourself or what’s new
in your life, to make it conversational and interesting.
Closing: At the end, do not close your letter directly
with sincerely, you could use expressions such as "I look
forward to hearing back from you soon" or simply "Hope
to hear from you soon" and also "Keep in touch".
When ending a letter you could sign off with a variety of
expressions... obviously keep in mind the person you are
writing to.
Best Wishes," "Sincerely (yours)" "(Lots of) Love" "(Best)
Regards" etc.
Example: Informal Letter
36, Dover Lane
Golf Green
Kolkata
14th April 2018
Dear Sahil
How are you? What are you doing this New Year?
We friends have decided to plan a party and we would
love if you can come.
We are planning for small party of school friends.
There will be music, drinks, and lots to eat. And if you
have any other idea let us know.
EBD_7338
Hope to see you. Let me know when you are coming.
Regards
Amrita
(II) FORMAL LETTERS (applications)
Formal letters need to be clear and well written as these
are written to higher authorities or people whom we do
not know. Application is an example of formal letter.
An application to your principal, headmistress or teacher
can be in the form of leave-application, permission-letter
or complaint-letter. Formal tone of language, style and
format should be adopted to write any sort of applications.
The matter has to be precise and perfect.
How to write formal letter ?
Start: The address and date to the person you are writing
should be on top left hand corner of the letter.
Salutation: This would normally start with either

"Respected Sir..." or "Respected Madam..." with comma
afterwards.
Subject: Reference to your leave, permission or complaint.
First paragraph
You should write what is the issue or the reason for the
writing the complain letter. Be sure to write the following
information if applicable to the situation date, time, name
of the person.
Second paragraph
What would you expect from the school, teacher, and

principal to solve the issue.
Third paragraph
End the letter by writing ,”Thanking you,” or,”With

regards”. In the next line “Yours faithfully,” or “Yours
sincerely”.
In the end write your name, class, section and roll number.
Where all do we write letters?
(a) Within schools
Letter writing is part of the required curriculum. Visits to

museums or farms prompt thank you letters, for example
contacting schools in other countries and exchanging
letters links into geography.
Letter Writing 197
(b) At home
Within the home, letter writing has many uses. It
encourages good manners, especially writing 'thank you'
letters, you can write invitations, you can write letters to
friends and relatives, pen pals are always popular, giving
insights into other’s lives, especially overseas.
Example: Formal Letter
To
The Headmistress
The Ashok Hall
Kolkata
6th March 2018
Respected Madam
Subject:- Application for leave.
I am writing this letter to inform you that I, along
with my parents are going out of station to attend a
marriage ceremony of my uncle. I would need leave of 3
days, from 11th April 2018 to 13th April 2018.
I would be obliged if you grant me the permission to
take this leave.

Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Neha Sinha
Class-3, Roll no-27
ACTIVITY
Have you ever written a letter to God? Whenever you
feel sad or dejected try writing an informal letter to
God mentioning about your experience. What will happen
next? You will feel much better and sadness will reduce.
Write an informal letter to any fairy tale character which
you like giving it suggestion or sharing that how you feel
about the experience which they had. Example- My dear
little Red Riding hood,
You should have listened to your mother .......
EBD_7338

LEVEL- 1
Directions (Qs. 1 to 5): Choose the correct option.
1. Informal letters cannot be written to
(a) friends (b) teachers (c) relatives (d) parents
2. Formal letters cannot be in the form of
(a) thank you letters (b) complaint letters
(c) friendly letters (d) applications
3. In an informal letter, the first paragraph of the body should start with a/an (2013)
(a) signature (b) address (c) salutation (d) greeting
4. In a formal letter ,the ‘subject’ should come after (2015)
(a) greeting (b) matter of letter (c) salutation (d) address
5. Which punctuation mark is put after salutation in both formal and informal letters
(a) full stop (b) semi colon
(c) comma (d) inverted comma
LEVEL- 2
Directions (Qs. 6 to 13): Read carefully the letter given below, it contains several
errors, do the corrections by choosing the correct option. (Tricky, 2014)
123 Elgin Street
Coimbatore- 378149
Tamil Nadu
April 3 2003
Dear Harish
Hello! I got your letter yesterday, it was nice to ___(6)___ (here) from you. I wanted to let
you ___(7)___ (now) about our family reunion that is coming up this summer. The date will
___(8)___ (bee) on Saturday, October 11th. It will be fun to get together and ___(9)___
(sea) how everyone has changed over the ___(10)___ (yeers).
Grandma will be ___(11)___ (their) and will bring her famous ___(12)___ (choclate) cake.
Aunt Betty will bring her pudding and Uncle Fred will cook the hamburgers. We have you
bringing the potato ___(13)___ (salid) and beans.
I m looking forward to see you there.
Your cousin
Pamela
Letter Writing 199
6. (a) hair (b) here (c) hear (d) hire
7. (a) no (b) know (c) now (d) kno
8. (a) be (b) bea (c) bee (d) bae
9.
(a)
sea (b)
sae (c)
see (d)
sii
10. (a) yaers (b) yeers (c) ears (d) years
11. (a) thiar (b) thear (c) there (d) their
12. (a) choklat (b) choklet (c) chocolet (d) chocolate
13. (a) solid (b) selid (c) salad (d) salede
Directions (Qs. 14 to 19): Do the needful corrections.
___(14)___ 30 2004
Dear Grandma
___(15)___ (Thnk) you for the beautiful doll I really like her. She will be perfect in my
collection. We had fun at Christmas. Mom made lots of ___(16)___ (candie) and ___(17)___
(cookys) for us to eat. We had snow on ___(18)___ (Chrismas) and so we ___(19)___ (wented)
sledging. We made snow angels too. I hope you can came and visit us soon. We surely do miss
you!
I have to go now, it’s snowing again and I’m going outside to play some more.
Love
Amy
14. (a) January (b) Janua (c) Janry (d) None of the above
15. (a) Thnx (b) Thanx (c) Thank (d) None of the above
16. (a) cand (b) canada (c) candies (d) candy
17. (a) cooky (b) cookies (c) cookie (d) none of the above
18. (a) xmas (b) christmas (c) chrismas (d) none of the above
19. (a) went (b) wanted (c) want (d) none of the above
RESPONSE GRID
16. a b c d 17. a b c d 18. a b c d 19. a b c d
EBD_7338

LEVEL- 1
1. (b) (applications are generally written to teachers.)
2. (c) (friendly letters are informal letters.)
3. (d) (such as ‘hello, how are you’, ‘hope you are well’ etc.)
4. (c) (subject should come after salutation.)
5. (c) (Respected Madam,....... Dear Pihu,...... )
LEVEL- 2
6. (c)
7. (b)
8. (a)
9. (c)
10. (d)
11. (c)
12. (d)
13. (c)
14. (a) January(full name of the month should be written.)
15. (c) Thank
16. (c) candies
17. (b) cookies
18. (b) christmas
19. (a) went for sledging (sledging is a type of carriage pulled by reindeers on the snowy
places).

CHAPTER FOREWORD Story Writing 201
In this chapter, you will learn how to write a story. Here is an exercise based on
comprehending and rewriting a story in your own words.
Directions : Read the following story aloud. Read it more than once if required.
Complete the sentences of the story given below in your own words.
THE THREE MONKEYS

Golu, Tullu, and Appu were three monkeys who lived on the same tree. They loved
each other dearly. They were like three brothers. One day they saw a bunch of
bananas lying on the ground. It had fallen off from an old lady’s basket. Golu and
Appu pounced upon the bananas. Each of them managed to get two bananas each.
Poor Tullu’s tail got stuck in the tree trunk. He was yelping in pain. When his brothers
saw this, they helped him to pull his tail out. They also shared their bananas with
him. They truly loved each other.
1. The three monkeys were named _________ ,___________ and _____________.
2. They lived _______________________and they______________________.
3. They were like _______________________________.
4. A ____________________________ was lying_______________________.
5. The bananas ________________________________________________.
____________________________________ basket.
6. Golu and Appu had ____________________________________________.
7. Tullu was ______________________ because his tail ______________.
8. Golu and Appu helped Tullu _______________tail. They also shared ______
__________________________________________.
9. The moral of the story is
__________________________________________________________
After reading this chapter, you will be able to understand how story is written. You
will also learn to develop story.
EBD_7338
20
Chapter
Story Writing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Real Life Example v understand how story is written.
v You watch cartoons everyday. v develop a story with the help of prompts.
They all are stories. Chota
Bheem, Doraemon, Shin Chan QUICK CONCEPT REVIEW
they all are characters which
take you to the imaginary In class-3 you can learn to communicate in complete
worlds. The movies we watch thoughts for different purposes. At the beginning of
are also stories. class-3, you may still write in short, literal, choppy
sentences but as you progress through the year, you learn
to write more detailed essays and stories to communicate
what you are learning.
The outline of a story is the basic framework of a story.
It is often just a skeleton outline. It shows us some of
the main facts of the story and tells in brief what the
story is like. We have to fill in all the details relevant to
the story and thus make up a readable story.
IMPORTANT HINTS
The following few hints will tell you how to build up a
story from a given outline:
1. Read the given outline carefully.
2. Note all the points.
3. Follow as strictly as possible the sketch provided.
4. Be careful to connect the various points given in the
outline.
5. The conclusion or ending of a story should be striking
and interesting.
6. If you are asked to give a title or heading to the
story you may name it, after the main character,
object or incident of the story.
7. Revise your writing and remove all mistakes in
spelling, grammar, punctuation, etc.
Story Writing 203
Try This Out
Caution
HINT BASED
v When you watch cartoons or
(A) An old Brahmin ____ had four sons ____quarrelsome movies you must keep this in
____ was very much pained to see this ____advised mind that it is all imaginary.
them many a time in vain ____ the old Brahmin on You must know that what is
his deathbed ____ summoned all his sons ____ shown on TV is fantasy and
asked the eldest to bring a bundle of sticks ____ not real. SO, DO NOT APPLY
the bundle tied with string ____ no son could break IT IN REAL LIFE AND DO
it alone ____ Brahmin told them to break the bundle NOT GET CARRIED AWAY.
together ____ they succeeded ____ the Brahmin’s
advice ____moral.
Complete Story: Title: “Unity is the greatest strength”.
An old Brahmin had four sons who constantly
quarrelled among themselves. He was very much
pained to see all this. He was anxious to leave behind
a united family. So when his end drew near, he called
all his sons together and asked the eldest to bring a
bundle of sticks. As the bundle was tied with string
so the Brahmin told his sons one by one to break the
bundle. None of the sons could break it alone. Now
the Brahmin told them to break the bundle together,
they tried a lot and finally succeeded in breaking the
bundle. So the Brahmin advised them not to fight
again and remain together in their life and work.
Moral ____“United we stand, Divided we fall”.
PICTURE BASED
(B)
Complete Story: Title: “The cunning fox and the

clever stork”.
Once upon a time there was a cunning fox in a forest.
He used to make fool of other animals by playing his
tricks on them. One day when came to a river to drink
water, he found a stork standing beside and catching
and eating fish. The fox made friendship with the
stork and invited him for dinner in his cottage.
EBD_7338
The cunning fox tried to play his trick by serving
the food in a shallow plate. The stork could not eat Smallest Story
any food due to his long beak. He could only lick the v Once I was travelling from
plate but he thanked the fox for a tasty dinner. The Edinburgh to London. A man
stork also invited the fox to come to his home for came and sat on the opposite
dinner the next night. Now the clever stork wanted berth. He asked me-“ Do you
to teach a lesson to the fox so he served the food in believe in ghost?” I said, “ No”.
a long necked vessel. The fox could not eat anything He vanished.
but licked the mouth of the vessel and understood
the lesson.
Moral ____ “Tit for Tat”.

LEVEL- 1
1. Given below is a story, but its sequence has been jumbled, read carefully and
choose the correct sequence from the options given below.
A. As the grapes were hanging high in the vine, the fox jumped to get them.
B. Ripe and juicy grapes were hanging on the grapevine.
C. Once a hungry fox was passing through an orchard.
D. So he decided to return back in hunger by saying that, “The grapes are
sour.”
E. He saw a grapevine in that orchard.
F. He jumped for several times but he failed to get them.
G. The fox became greedy by looking at the grapes and he wanted to eat them.
(a) E,B,F,D,G,C,A (b) C,E,B,G,A,F,D (c) A,C,E,G,B,D,F (d) F,D,B,C,E,A,G
Story Writing 205
2. Given below is a story, but its sequence has been jumbled, read carefully and
choose the correct sequence from the options given below. (2013)
A. He saw his own reflection and thought that there was another dog in the stream
carrying a bone.
B. He was crossing a bridge over a running stream.
C. One day a dog got a bone from somewhere.
D. His bone fell into the water and he lost everything so,
”Greed is a curse.”
E. He became very happy and took it in his mouth.
F. As he was walking over the bridge he looked into the
water.
G. The dog became greedy to get that bone and opened his mouth to get that
one.
(a) E,G,C,D,F,B,A (b) F,D,B,C,E,G,A (c) C,E,B,F,A,G,D (d) D,G,A,B,E,C,F
LEVEL- 2
Directions (Qs. 3 to 5): Identify the famous fairy tales based on the pictures.
3.
(a) Cinderella (b) Rapunzel

(c) Beauty and the Beast (d) Sleeping Beauty
4. (2012)
(a) Cinderella (b) Rapunzel

(c) Snow White and seven dwarfs (d) Sleeping Beauty
EBD_7338
5. (2014)
(a) Cinderella (b) Rupunzel

(c) Snow White and seven dwarfs (d) Sleeping Beauty
Directions (Qs. 6 to 10): Identify the stories by the titles.
6.
(a) The lion and the mouse (b) The Mighty Lion
(c) Lion and Mouse-best friends (d) The Mighty Mouse
7. (2016)
(a) Captain hook the hero (b) The Little Princess

(c) Peter Pan (d) Thumblina
8. (2015)
(a) The Jumping Rabbit (b) Racing Tortoise

(c) Hare and Tortoise (d) Friends forever
Story Writing 207
9.
(2012)
(a) The Howling Jackal (b) The Jackal in pain

(c) The Jackal in the tub (d) The Blue Jackal
10. (2017)
(a) Witchy Witch (b) Hansel and Gratel

(c) The Witch and the Children (d) The Chocolate House
Directions (Qs. 11 to 15): Try and answer these general knowledge questions about stories.
11. Who wrote the famous Panchtantra?
(a) Aryabhatta (b) Valmiki (c) Vishnu Sharma (d) Chanakya
12. What are the stories, which are passed from one generation to another verbally,
called? (Tricky)
(a) Fable (b) Tale (c) Parable (d) Short story
13. What are the stories, which have animal characters behaving like humans, called?
(Critical Thinking)
(a) Fable (b) Tale (c) Parable (d) Short story
14. Who is the writer of the famous Harry Potter series?
(a) C.S. Lewis (b) R.L. Stevenson (c) J.K. Rowling (d) R.K. Narayan
15. Who is the writer of the famous “Malgudi Days”? (Tricky, 2014)
(a) C.S. Lewis (b) R.L. Stevenson (c) J.K. Rowling (d) R.K. Narayan
EBD_7338
Directions (Qs. 16 to 18): Choose the correct diagram. (Tricky)
16.
Snow Cinderella
White
(a) apple (b) glass
apple
dwarfs sandal
Sleeping Hansel
Beauty and Gratel
(c) glass (d) glass

apple dwarfs
sandal sandal
17.
Snow White Cinderella
(a) long (b) glass step

dwarfs
hair sandal sisters
Rupunzel Thumblina
(c) long glass (d) glass long

hair sandal hair
sandal

18. (Tricky, 2015)
Captain Nobita
ladoos
(a) Hook ladoos (b)
Chota
Peter Pan Bheem
Captain gadgets
Nobita gadgets
(c) (d) Hook
Doraemon Mighty Raju

Story Writing 209
Directions (Qs. 19 and 20): Find the correct sequence based on true or false.
19. Statement A : Cinderella wore glass sandals. (2016)
Statement B : Mickey mouse is a character created by Hanna Barbara.
(a) TT (b) FF (c) TF (d) FT
20. Statement A : Hansel and Gratel went to a place and met the prince.
Statement B : The princess kissed the frog and it changed into a prince.
(a) TT (b) FF (c) TF (d) FT
RESPONSE GRID

LEVEL- 1
1. (b)
A. Once a hungry fox was passing through an orchard.
B. He saw a grapevine in that orchard.
C. Ripe and juicy grapes were hanging in the grapevine.
D. The fox became greedy by looking at the grapes and he wanted to eat them.
E. As the grapes were hanging high in the vine so the fox jumped to get them.
F. He jumped for several times but he failed to get them.
G. So he decided to return back in hunger by saying that, “The grapes are sour.”
EBD_7338
2. (c)
A. One day a dog got a bone from somewhere.
B. He became very happy and took it in his mouth.
C. He was crossing a bridge over a running stream.
D. As he was walking over the bridge he looked into the water.
E. He saw his own reflection and thought that there was another dog in the stream
carrying a bone.
F. The dog became greedy to get that bone and opened his mouth to get that one.
G. His bone fell into the water and he lost everything so ,”Greed is a curse.”
LEVEL- 2
3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (a)
7. (c) Peter Pan
8. (c)
9. (d) The blue jackal
10. (b) Hansel and Gratel
11. (c) Vishnu Sharma
12. (b)
13. (a) Fable
14. (c)
15. (d) R.K. Narayan
16. (a)
17. (b)
18. (c)
19. (c) Mickey mouse is a character created by Walt Disney.
20. (d) Statement A is incorrect because Hansel and gratel met the witch when they were
left in the jungle by their parents.
Statement B is taken from the famous fairytale “The Princess and the frog“.

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i

v Use of Interactive and Self Indulging language.

v Quick Concept Review with Diagrams & Illustrations.

v Amazing Facts, Real-life Examples, Historical Preview, Concept-

v Exercises in MCQ format in 2 difficulty levels.

v Level 1 contains Beginner's level MCQs - Odd One Out, Analogy,

v Level 2 contains Advanced level MCQs - Matching, Chronological

v Comprising questions of various National and International

Tel. : 011-49842349 / 49842350

Typeset by Disha DTP Team

For further information about the books from DISHA,

For feedback : feedback_disha@aiets.co.in.

Look at the figure given above ! I bet you can’t make

It’s always a good idea to read

Let us Arrange them to form a sentence.

You Merry Christmas

That makes good sense, doesn’t it ?

Multiple Choice Questions

(a) 654123 (b) 321654 (c) 123456 (d) 431526

25. What is drawn by everyone without pen or pencil?

(a) ribbon (b) heart TRBEHA

(c) breadth (d) breath

(a) A staircase (b) A swing TRASAISECA

(c) A satellite (d) A table

(c) A plant (d) A tree

(a) Saturday (b) Monday ANSUYD

(c) Friday (d) Sunday

(a) A leak (b) A flea AFAEL

(c) A fly (d) A leech

(a) A Cupcake (b) A spongecake AKCAUEPC

(c) A choco-cake (d) A peanut cake

S: My favourite sport is basket ball.

S: My favourite sport basketball is.

Parrots have colourful fethers

carpenter makes tables chiars

nurse asisted doctor operation

(a) W (b) X (c) Y (d) Z

Solutions with Explanation

SINFLOWER ________________ FRIGHTINED ________________

LEGTHNUNG ________________ INJYMENT ________________

v English spelling was first

METHODS USED TO LEARN SPELLINGS

BRITISH VS AMERICAN SPELLING

British Spelling American Spelling

HOW DO WE LEARN TO SPELL?

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Is Bob your friend or __________ ?

(a) neighbour (b) servant (c) enemy (d) landlord

2. My __________ food is cheese pizza. (2015)

(a) worst (b) best (c) famous (d) favourite

3. Find the correct spelling.

(a) Acommodation (b) Accomodation

(c) Accommodation (d) Acommodation

4. You will __________ the parcel by tomorrow. (2013)

(a) get (b) send (c) received (d) show

5. There were a __________ questions on the test.

6. Which is the correct spelling?

(a) Beginning (b) Begginning (c) Begining (d) Biginning

7. Which is the correct spelling? (2014)

(a) Listin (b) Listen (c) Lissin (d) Lisstin

8. Which is the correct spelling? (2012

9. Find the odd one out.

(a) Hotel (b) Inn (c) Mall (d) Resort

SINFLOWER FRIGHTINED

LEGTHNUNG INJYMENT

2. My __________ food is cheese pizza. (2015)

4. You will __________ the parcel by tomorrow. (2013)

7. Which is the correct spelling? (2014)

10. Which of the following is not a correct spelling? (2016)

17. Horse is to stable as fish is to _____ . (2016)

20. Blood is to body as ink is to _____ . (2015)