SALT ANALYSIS

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

TEST FOR ANIONS:-

BRISK EFFERVESCENCE WITH EVOLUTION OF CO2 DIL. H2SO4 ACIDIC RADICAL

1 SALT + DIL. H2SO4 GAS CO32- MAY BE PRESENT
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-

PASSED THE ABOVE LIBERATED GAS

A THROUGH LIME WATER LIME WATER TURNS MILKY CO32- IS CONFIRMED

B AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ MgSO4(AQ.) FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE CO32- IS CONFIRMED

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

TEST FOR ANIONS:-
DIL. H2SO4 ACIDIC RADICALS
1 SALT + DIL. H2SO4 NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT

CONC. H2SO4 ACIDIC RADICAL

2 SALT + CONC. H2SO4 BRISK EFFERVESCENCE WITH WHITE FUMES Cl- MAY BE PRESENT
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-

AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ DIL. HNO3 + FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE WHICH IS

A BOIL + COOL + AgNO3 SOLUTION SOLUBLE IN NH4OH Cl- IS CONFIRMED

CHROMYL CHLORIDE TEST - SALT +

K2Cr2O7(S) + CONC. H2SO4 + PASS THE
RED VAPOURS THROUGH NaOH
SOLUTION + TO THE YELLOW SOLUTION RED ORANGE VAPOURS, YELLOW SOLUTION,
B ADD DIL. CH3COOH + (CH3COO)2Pb YELLOW PRECIPITATE Cl- IS CONFIRMED
S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
TEST FOR ANIONS:-

DIL. H2SO4 ACIDIC RADICALS

1 SALT + DIL. H2SO4 NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT

CONC. H2SO4 ACIDIC RADICAL

2 SALT + CONC. H2SO4 EVOLUTION OF ORANGE VAPOURS Br- MAY BE PRESENT
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-

AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ DIL. HNO3 + FORMATION OF LIGHT YELLOW PRECIPITATE

A BOIL + COOL + AgNO3 SOLUTION WHICH IS PARTIALLY SOLUBLE IN NH4OH Br- IS CONFIRMED

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

TEST FOR ANIONS:-
DIL. H2SO4 ACIDIC RADICALS
1 SALT + DIL. H2SO4 NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT

CONC. H2SO4 ACIDIC RADICAL

2 SALT + CONC. H2SO4 EVOLUTION OF VIOLET VAPOURS I- MAY BE PRESENT
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-

AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ DIL. HNO3 + FORMATION OF YELLOW PRECIPITATE WHICH IS

A BOIL + COOL + AgNO3 SOLUTION INSOLUBLE IN NH4OH I- IS CONFIRMED
S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
TEST FOR ANIONS:-
DIL. H2SO4 ACIDIC RADICALS
1 SALT + DIL. H2SO4 NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
CONC. H2SO4 ACIDIC RADICAL
2 SALT + CONC. H2SO4 + HEAT EVOLUTION OF BROWN VAPOURS NO3- MAY BE PRESENT
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-

A ABOVE SOLUTION + Cu CHIPS EVOLUTION OF DARK BROWN FUMES NO3- IS CONFIRMED

BROWN RING TEST - AQ. SOLUTION OF
SALT + FRESHLY PREPARED FeSO4 (AQ.)
+2-3 DROPS OF CONC. H2SO4 ALONG A DARK BROWN RING IS FORMED AT THE
B THE SIDE OF THE TEST TUBE JUNCTION OF TWO LAYERS NO3- IS CONFIRMED

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

TEST FOR ANIONS:-
DIL. H2SO4 ACIDIC RADICALS
1 SALT + DIL. H2SO4 NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
CONC. H2SO4 ACIDIC RADICAL
2 SALT + CONC. H2SO4 VINEGAR LIKE SMELL CH3COO- MAY BE PRESENT
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-
PALM TEST - SALT + SOLID OXALIC ACID
+ 1-2 DROPS OF WATER + RUB THE
A PASTE AND SMELL STRONG VINEGAR LIKE SMELL CH3COO- IS CONFIRMED
FeCl3 TEST - AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT +
NEUTRAL FeCl3 SOLUTION + FILTER
B .DIVIDE THE FILTRATE INTO TWO PARTS REDDISH COLOURED FILTRATE CH3COO- IS CONFIRMED
REDDISH COLOUR
a ONE PART + DIL. HCl DISAPPEARS CH3COO- IS CONFIRMED
REDDISH BROWN
b SECOND PART + WATER + BOIL PRECIPITATE CH3COO- IS CONFIRMED
S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
TEST FOR ANIONS:-
DIL. H2SO4 ACIDIC RADICALS
1 SALT + DIL. H2SO4 NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
CONC. H2SO4 ACIDIC
2 SALT + CONC. H2SO4 NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE RADICALS ARE ABSENT

AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT + DIL. HCl + FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE WHICH IS INDEPENDENT ACIDIC
3 BaCl2(AQ.) INSOLUBLE IN DIL. HCl RADICAL SO42- IS CONFIRMED

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

TEST FOR CATIONS:-
GROUP ZERO BASIC RADICAL
1 SALT + NaOH NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE NH4+ IS ABSENT
GROUP 1 BASIC RADICAL Pb2+
2 AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ DIL. HCl FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE MAY BE PRESENT
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-
DISSOLVE ABOVE PRECIPITATE IN HOT
A WATER AND DIVIDE IT INTO TWO PARTS

a ONE PART + KI(AQ.) FORMATION OF YELLOW PRECIPITATE Pb2+ IS CONFIRMED

b SECOND PART + K2CrO4(AQ.) FORMATION OF YELLOW PRECIPITATE Pb2+ IS CONFIRMED

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

TEST FOR CATIONS:-
GROUP ZERO BASIC RADICAL
1 SALT + NaOH NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE NH4+ IS ABSENT
GROUP 1 BASIC RADICALS
2 AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ DIL. HCl NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ABSENT
GROUP 2 BASIC RADICALS
Cu2+ AND Pb2+ MAY BE
3 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS FORMATION OF BLACK PRECIPITATE PRESENT
 CONFIRMATORY TESTS-

BLACK PPT. + 2-3 DROPS OF CONC.

H2SO4 + HEAT + DIVIDE THE SOLUTION
A INTO TWO PARTS PRECIPITATE DISSOLVES

a ONE PART + DIL. H2SO4 + ALCOHOL NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE Pb2+ IS ABSENT

b SECOND PART + NH4OH IN EXCESS BLUE COLOURED SOLUTION Cu2+ IS CONFIRMED

DIVIDE THE BLUE COLOURED SOLUTION
INTO TWO PARTS
ONE PART + CH3COOH + K4[Fe(CN)6] FORMATION OF A CHOCOLATE BROWN
i) SOLUTION PRECIPITATE Cu2+ IS CONFIRMED
SECOND PART + CH3COOH + KI FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE IN BROWN
ii) SOLUTION COLOURED SOLUTION Cu2+ IS CONFIRMED

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

TEST FOR CATIONS:-
GROUP ZERO BASIC RADICAL
1 SALT + NaOH NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE NH4+ IS ABSENT
GROUP 1 BASIC RADICALS
2 AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ DIL. HCl NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ABSENT

GROUP 2 BASIC RADICALS

3 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT

ABOVE SOLUTION + BOIL OFF H2S GAS + FORMATION OF A WHITE GELATINOUS GROUP 3 BASIC RADICAL Al3+
4 NH4Cl (S) + NH4OH IN EXCESS PRECIPITATE MAY BE PRESENT
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-

LAKE TEST - WHITE PPT. + DIL. HCl + 2

DROPS OF BLUE LITMUS SOLUTION + BLUE PPT. FLOATING IN THE COLOURLESS
A NH4OH DROPWISE SOLUTION Al3+ IS CONFIRMED
S.NO. EXPERIMENT
TEST FOR CATIONS:-
1 SALT + NaOH
2 AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ DIL. HCl
3 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS
ABOVE SOLUTION + BOIL OFF H2S GAS +
4 NH4Cl (S) + NH4OH IN EXCESS
5 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-
AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ NaOH + SHAKE
A + BROMINE WATER
S.NO. EXPERIMENT
TEST FOR CATIONS:-
1 SALT + NaOH
2 AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ DIL. HCl
3 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS
ABOVE SOLUTION + BOIL OFF H2S GAS +
4 NH4Cl (S) + NH4OH IN EXCESS
5 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-
AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ NaOH
A SOLUTION DROPWISE
AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT + K4[Fe(CN)6]
B SOLUTION
OBSERVATION INFERENCE
GROUP ZERO BASIC RADICAL
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE NH4+ IS ABSENT
GROUP 1 BASIC RADICALS
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ABSENT
GROUP 2 BASIC RADICALS
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
GROUP 3 BASIC RADICALS
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
GROUP 4 BASIC RADICAL
FLESH COLOURED PRECIPITATE Mn2+ MAY BE PRESENT
WHITE PPT. TURNS BLACK OR BROWN Mn2+ IS CONFIRMED
OBSERVATION INFERENCE
GROUP ZERO BASIC RADICAL
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE NH4+ IS ABSENT
GROUP 1 BASIC RADICALS
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ABSENT
GROUP 2 BASIC RADICALS
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
GROUP 3 BASIC RADICALS
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
GROUP 4 BASIC RADICAL Zn2+
DULL WHITE PPT. MAY BE PRESENT
FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE Zn2+ IS CONFIRMED
FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE OR BLUISH
WHITE PRECIPITATE Zn2+ IS CONFIRMED
S.NO. EXPERIMENT
TEST FOR CATIONS:-
1 SALT + NaOH
2 AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ DIL. HCl
3 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS
ABOVE SOLUTION + BOIL OFF H2S GAS +
4 NH4Cl (S) + NH4OH IN EXCESS
5 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS
ABOVE SOLUTION + BOIL OFF H2S GAS +
NH4Cl (S) + NH4OH IN EXCESS +(
6 NH4)2CO3 SOLUTION
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-
DISSOLVED THE WHITE PPT. IN HOT DIL.
A CH3COOH AND DIVIDE IT INTO 3 PARTS
a FIRST PART + K2CrO4 SOLUTION
B FLAME TEST
OBSERVATION INFERENCE
GROUP ZERO BASIC RADICAL
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE NH4+ IS ABSENT
GROUP 1 BASIC RADICALS
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ABSENT
GROUP 2 BASIC RADICALS
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
GROUP 3 BASIC RADICALS
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
GROUP 4 BASIC RADICALS
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
GROUP 5 BASIC RADICALS
Ba2+ ,Sr2+, Ca2+ MAY BE
FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE PRESENT
FORMATION OF YELLOW PRECIPITATE Ba2+ IS CONFIRMED
GRASSY GREEN FLAME Ba2+ IS CONFIRMED
S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
TEST FOR CATIONS:-
GROUP ZERO BASIC RADICAL
1 SALT + NaOH NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE NH4+ IS ABSENT
GROUP 1 BASIC RADICALS
2 AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ DIL. HCl NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ABSENT
GROUP 2 BASIC RADICALS
3 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT

ABOVE SOLUTION + BOIL OFF H2S GAS + GROUP 3 BASIC RADICALS

4 NH4Cl (S) + NH4OH IN EXCESS NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
GROUP 4 BASIC RADICALS
5 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT

ABOVE SOLUTION + BOIL OFF H2S GAS + GROUP 5 BASIC RADICALS

NH4Cl (S) + NH4OH IN EXCESS +( Ba2+ ,Sr2+, Ca2+ MAY BE
6 NH4)2CO3 SOLUTION FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE PRESENT
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-

DISSOLVED THE WHITE PPT. IN HOT DIL.

A CH3COOH AND DIVIDE IT INTO 3 PARTS

a FIRST PART + K2CrO4 SOLUTION NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE Ba2+ IS ABSENT

b SECOND PART +( NH4)2SO4 SOLUTION FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE Sr2+ IS CONFIRMED

B FLAME TEST CRIMSON RED FLAME Sr2+ IS CONFIRMED
S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
TEST FOR CATIONS:-
GROUP ZERO BASIC RADICAL
1 SALT + NaOH NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE NH4+ IS ABSENT
GROUP 1 BASIC RADICALS
2 AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ DIL. HCl NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ABSENT

GROUP 2 BASIC RADICALS

3 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT

ABOVE SOLUTION + BOIL OFF H2S GAS + GROUP 3 BASIC RADICALS

4 NH4Cl (S) + NH4OH IN EXCESS NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
GROUP 4 BASIC RADICALS
5 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT

ABOVE SOLUTION + BOIL OFF H2S GAS + GROUP 5 BASIC RADICALS

NH4Cl (S) + NH4OH IN EXCESS +( Ba2+ ,Sr2+, Ca2+ MAY BE
6 NH4)2CO3 SOLUTION FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE PRESENT
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-

DISSOLVED THE WHITE PPT. IN HOT DIL.

A CH3COOH AND DIVIDE IT INTO 3 PARTS
a FIRST PART + K2CrO4 SOLUTION NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE Ba2+ IS ABSENT

b SECOND PART +( NH4)2SO4 SOLUTION NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE Sr2+ IS ABSENT

c THIRD PART + (NH4)C2O4 SOLUTION FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE Ca2+ IS CONFIRMED

B FLAME TEST BRICK RED FLAME Ca2+ IS CONFIRMED

S.NO. EXPERIMENT
TEST FOR CATIONS:-
1 SALT + NaOH
2 AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ DIL. HCl
3 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS
ABOVE SOLUTION + BOIL OFF H2S GAS +
4 NH4Cl (S) + NH4OH IN EXCESS
5 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS
ABOVE SOLUTION + BOIL OFF H2S GAS +
NH4Cl (S) + NH4OH IN EXCESS +(
6 NH4)2CO3 SOLUTION
AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ NH4Cl(s) +
NH4OH IN EXCESS + (NH4)3PO4
SOLUTION + RUB THE SIDE OF THE TEST
7 TUBE WITH A GLASS ROD
S.NO. EXPERIMENT
TEST FOR CATIONS:-
1 SALT + NaOH
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-
SALT + NaOH + PASSED THE EVOLVED
A GAS THROUGH NESSLER'S REAGENT
SALT + NaOH + BRING A GLASS ROD
DIPPED IN DIL. HCl NEAR THE MOUTH
B OF THE TEST TUBE
OBSERVATION INFERENCE
GROUP ZERO BASIC RADICAL
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE NH4+ IS ABSENT
GROUP 1 BASIC RADICALS
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ABSENT
GROUP 2 BASIC RADICALS
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
GROUP 3 BASIC RADICALS
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
GROUP 4 BASIC RADICALS
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
GROUP 5 BASIC RADICALS
NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
GROUP 6 BASIC RADICAL
FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE Mg2+ IS CONFIRMED
OBSERVATION INFERENCE
GROUP ZERO BASIC RADICAL
EVOLUTION OF AMMONIA LIKE SMELL NH4+ MAY BE PRESENT
FORMATION OF BROWN PRECIPITATE NH4+ IS CONFIRMED
DENSE WHITE FUMES OF NH4Cl NH4+ IS CONFIRMED
 SAMPLE
EXPREIMENT

AIM - TO ANALYSE THE GIVEN SALT FOR ACIDIC AND BASIC RADICALS.
MATERIAL REQUIRED - TEST TUBE, TEST TUBE HOLDER, BRUSH,BURNER , REQUIRED CHEMICALS, WATER ETC.
OBSERVATION TABLE -

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

TEST FOR ANION:-

DIL. H2SO4 ACIDIC RADICALS

1 SALT + DIL. H2SO4 NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
CONC. H2SO4 ACIDIC RADICAL
2 SALT + CONC. H2SO4 BRISK EFFERVESCENCE WITH WHITE FUMES Cl- MAY BE PRESENT
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-

AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ DIL. HNO3 + FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE WHICH IS

A BOIL + COOL + AgNO3 SOLUTION SOLUBLE IN NH4OH Cl- IS CONFIRMED
CHROMYL CHLORIDE TEST - SALT +
K2Cr2O7(S) + CONC. H2SO4 + PASS THE
RED VAPOURS THROUGH NaOH
SOLUTION + TO THE YELLOW SOLUTION RED ORANGE VAPOURS, YELLOW SOLUTION,
B ADD DIL. CH3COOH + (CH3COO)2Pb YELLOW PRECIPITATE Cl- IS CONFIRMED
TEST FOR CATION:-

GROUP ZERO BASIC RADICAL

1 SALT + NaOH NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE NH4+ IS ABSENT

GROUP 1 BASIC RADICALS

2 AQ. SOLUTION OF SALT+ DIL. HCl NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ABSENT
GROUP 2 BASIC RADICALS
3 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT

ABOVE SOLUTION + BOIL OFF H2S GAS + GROUP 3 BASIC RADICALS

4 NH4Cl (S) + NH4OH IN EXCESS NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT
 GROUP 4 BASIC RADICALS
5 ABOVE SOLUTION + PASS H2S GAS NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE ARE ABSENT

ABOVE SOLUTION + BOIL OFF H2S GAS + GROUP 5 BASIC RADICALS

NH4Cl (S) + NH4OH IN EXCESS +( Ba2+ ,Sr2+, Ca2+ MAY BE
6 NH4)2CO3 SOLUTION FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE PRESENT
CONFIRMATORY TESTS-

DISSOLVED THE WHITE PPT. IN HOT DIL.

A CH3COOH AND DIVIDE IT INTO 3 PARTS

a FIRST PART + K2CrO4 SOLUTION NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE Ba2+ IS ABSENT

b SECOND PART +( NH4)2SO4 SOLUTION NO CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE Sr2+ IS ABSENT

c THIRD PART + (NH4)C2O4 SOLUTION FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE Ca2+ IS CONFIRMED

B FLAME TEST BRICK RED FLAME Ca2+ IS CONFIRMED

RESULT - THE GIVEN SALT CONTAINS Cl- ACIDIC RADICAL AND Ca2+ BASIC RADICAL.
NOTE - ALL ANION AND CATION RELATED REACTIONS TO BE WRITTEN ON THE BLANK SHEET.