Draft Social Studies Kindergarten To Grade 6 Curriculum

Draft Social Studies Kindergarten to Grade 6 Curriculum
Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2
Organizing Idea History: Understanding the history of our province, nation, and world and developing cultural literacy allow us to appreciate the varied richness of our shared human inheritance of original writings, artifacts, stories,
beliefs, ideas and great cultural and artistic achievements from different times and places. Lessons of the past and knowledge of diverse experiences help us overcome ignorance and prejudice and recognize our
common humanity and dignity.
Guiding Questions How do stories, fables, and personal experience help us explore and What is the history of First Nations and Inuit in the traditional territories What did ancient and medieval civilizations contribute to today’s world
understand our world? of what is now Alberta? that has enduring value?
Learning Outcomes Children recognize a timeline as a chronological narrative that includes Students explore First Nations and Inuit migration patterns, stories, Students explore ancient civilizations and the ideas that have endured
stories, significant dates, and personal experiences. and ideas as they existed on traditional territories before the arrival of over time and have contributed to our heritage and traditions.
people from Europe and other parts of the world.
Knowledge Understanding Skills and Procedures Knowledge Understanding Skills and Procedures Knowledge Understanding Skills and Procedures
about me and my where and when we Know birth date (day, timeline: First peoples Humans first arrived Explain a simple The heritage from Big ideas, core Identify the
community: were born and month, year) and to now; chronology of in North America visual timeline and ancient Greece, beliefs, cultural significance of ancient
• birth date languages spoken at famous people with migrations and about 30 000 years map showing ancient Rome, and practices, and wisdom in our daily
• place of birth home that birth date. settlements ago and migrated migration patterns into other ancient cultures monuments have lives.
• spoken language(s) throughout the and across the continues to inform endured and continue
• kinship ties A personal timeline continent. continent. and influence our to influence our lives.
• family tree helps us to organize lives.
• personal timeline past events in a
proper sequence over
time.
history of time Historical time can be Construct a timeline
(chronology): represented in and explain its
• before Christ (BC) timelines. purpose.
• anno domini (AD)
• before common era
(BCE)
• common era (CE)
• decades
• centuries
• millennia
• time immemorial
stories and fables that Experience the sense Listen to short earliest societies: Early societies Explain the ways of Ancient peoples told Classic architecture Read aloud Greek,
illustrate personal of wonder awakened readings of timeless hunters, gatherers, emerged and were survival and means of stories that were and monuments were Chinese and African
identities, reflecting a by timeless stories, stories or fables and and cultivators; origin organized to provide livelihood of First passed down from built to last and have myths/legends and
diversity of gender, fables, and rhymes develop the of agriculture for basic needs and Nations and Inuit in one generation to the lasted. They continue ask students to retell
language, race, and featuring childhood confidence to share sustenance. various local and next, such as myths to impress and inspire the stories.
ethnicity experiences or and exchange creation stories from surrounding and legends of people today.
legends from the past. personal stories. local First Nations and Societies develop communities. Greece, China, and Explain belief systems
vocabulary used to Inuit communities, their own ways of Africa. World views are a set associated with
describe time: simple personal how to read a timeline such as Blackfoot explaining human Describe what the of beliefs and Judaism, Christianity,
• long ago timelines from birth to and sketch a personal legend of Napi and origins on Earth. local First Nations or World religions that experiences that and Islam.
• before age five (going to example creation stories from Inuit believe about believe in one God influence the way a
• after school) Cree, Dene, and Inuit First Nations and Inuit creation and the (monotheistic): people or civilization Recognize examples
• now (present) communities cultures are rooted in spirits. Judaism, Christianity, sees the world. They of classical
• next the land and patterns and Islam have are reflected in architecture and
• then First Nations and Inuit of nature, which were common roots. stories, religious texts, monuments and
spirituality can include believed to have and architecture. explain some of the
balance within nature, spiritual qualities. reasons why they
spirit world, earth, and were built.
sky.
Social Studies (Draft) | March 2021 Page | 1

First Nations and Inuit Many different Describe Indigenous art and architecture: Compare a world view
societies emerged Indigenous societies stories of the origin of Greco-Roman, from an ancient
over time with many inhabited the land of the world and diverse Chinese, and African civilization to a
languages and varied what is now Alberta Indigenous groups ruins and monuments, present one.
traditions. and North America that inhabited the land such as Acropolis,
before first contact of what is now Alberta Pantheon, Roman
with Europeans. and North America. Colosseum, Great
Wall, Sphinx,
pyramids

Guiding Questions How do our personal stories compare with those from other times? How do the origins and legacies of ancient civilizations relate to the What aspects of past civilizations continue to influence the way we
present? live?
Learning Outcomes Children explore personal stories in relation to the experiences of Students identify important ideas, social structures, cultural practices, Students analyze some major contributions of ancient Western and
others, particularly those in earlier times. and monumental legacies that ancient civilizations have contributed to Eastern civilizations to life and society today.
modern day.
my family and Families and Discuss how families concepts and Ancient civilizations Describe a variety of ancient Greece: Ancient Greece Explain the
community, now and communities change, and communities vocabulary associated existed but have ancient civilizations in • Athens as city-state contributed to the significance of Athens
in the past (olden over time (now and have changed over with historical time: vanished, leaving only terms of their cultures, • Athens and Sparta emergence of in the shaping of
days) back then). time. • before common era traces remaining ideas, and • gods and democracy, popular modern Western
(BCE) today. monuments. goddesses myths, athletics, culture.
• common era (CE) • Alexander the Great culture, and the arts.
• hindsight People continue to be Identify a few • Olympic Games Ask questions related
• looking back on the fascinated with the remnants and ancient • Marathon Critical thinking was to Athens and Sparta:
past events, ruins, and artifacts, such as fire • Siege of Troy and advanced by the • Which culture
• years (weeks and remains left behind by pits, petroglyphs, Wooden Horse Greeks. allowed more
months) early peoples and Clovis weapons, and • Athenian freedom?
• past, present, future civilizations. fossils. democracy Roman traditions and • Which one put more
culture, including emphasis on order
ancient civilizations, Ideas and remnants Listen to, read aloud, great thinkers: Roman law and and discipline?
exemplified by from the past have and retell the stories Socrates, Plato, and Roman infrastructure
Mesopotamia, Egypt, endured and continue of First Nations or Aristotle asked new helped Roman Arrange events in
and China to inspire spiritual Inuit peoples and folk questions in a form influence spread and chronological
beliefs, art, and tales of early now known as can still be seen sequence. Create a
stories, folk tales, and literature. civilizations. philosophy, which in today. timeline for the rise
legends, such as Greek means “love of and fall of the Roman
• Napi and the Rock Stories, folk tales, Illustrate an wisdom. Rome became an Empire.
(Blackfoot) fables, and legends understanding of one extensive empire, and
• King Midas and the capture cultural or more stories or folk Ancient Rome origin both Judaism and Distinguish between
Golden Touch traditions. tales. myths: Christianity spread via Roman and Greek
• Pandora’s Box • Romulus and the Roman Empire. contributions to
(Greek) Remus modern life.
• The Monkey King • Epic of Aeneas The three
(Sun Wukong) • City of Seven Hills monotheistic religions Recognize cause and
• The Jade Rabbit • gods and of Judaism, effect.
• Pangu and the goddesses Christianity, and Islam • What are some of
creation of the world all originated in the the theories for the
(China) Pax Romana (Roman Middle East and share cause of the fall of
Empire) many common and the Roman Empire?
overlapping beliefs It was not the first or
Judaism: and traditions, as well last to disappear.
• The oldest of the as important • How might this
three “Abrahamic” differences. apply to other
religions countries or
• Jewish people civilizations?
believe that God
made a covenant

with Abraham and Investigate how the

his descendants. three monotheistic
• After the Jewish religions that arose
people were out of the Middle East
enslaved in Egypt, are related, and why
Moses led them Jews, Christians, and
back to ‘The Muslims are
Promised Land’ sometimes called
• Jewish communities ‘people of the book’?
eventually spread,
and were forced to Draw conclusions
relocate, around the from evidence: How is
Mediterranean, our culture still
through the Middle influenced by early
East. Jewish, Islamic, and
Christian cultures?
Christianity:
• Based on the life,
death, and
resurrection of
Jesus Christ, who
Christians believe is
the Son of God
• Spread from a small
number of Jewish
follows of Jesus in
the middle of the
first century across
the Roman Empire
• After it became the
official religion of
the Roman Empire
in the early 300s
AD, it spread rapidly
across Europe and
around the world.
Islam:
• founded by
Mohammed, who
Muslims believe
was the prophet of
God (Allah) and
received revelations
from him
• the Quran (610 CE)
• pilgrimage to Mecca
• march to Medina
• Islam spread across
the Middle East,
North Africa, and
parts of Europe
(622–326 CE), and
later to Asia, Africa,

and around the

world.
seeing the world We can have different Explore cultural and oral cultures and Each Indigenous Explain the origin of Middle Ages Society in medieval Explain the
through your eyes and perspectives but we ethnic diversity in your traditions: storytelling society had its own writing. (medieval times): times was structured significance of
that of others also share a common classroom, school, and art in early language and/or • Charlemagne as so that everyone was Charlemagne’s rule in
humanity. and community. American cultures dialect. Compare two different Holy Roman responsible to the the medieval era.
American Indigenous Emperor (800 CE) king/monarch and
Identify differences writing and written development of early cultures, such as • King of Frankish bound by loyalty. Ask questions:
and similarities. languages, originating writing (Mesopotamia) Blackfoot or Plains Empire • Why would a person
in Egypt, Chinese writing: Cree and one or more • feudal society Medieval stories and become someone
Mesopotamia, Central characters or early Central or South (patricians, festivals are still part else’s vassal or
and South America, pictographs/ American civilization. plebeians, knights, of our contemporary servant?
and China calligraphy freedmen, slaves) world, such as the • Why is Joan of Arc
Develop a comparison • class structure story of Robin Hood, considered a
First Nations, Métis, Teachings, ideas, chart on types of (nobles and Friar Tuck, and the heroine in history?
and Inuit had different laws, structures, and writing and vassals, lords and Sheriff of Nottingham. • Who didn’t consider
languages and unique inventions from communication with serfs) her a heroine and
cultural practices, ancient civilizations assistance. • Hundred Years War
The Anglo-Saxon why?
such as Blackfoot have endured and • Joan of Arc tradition laid the
peoples and the bison continue to influence Compare the origin of groundwork for social Explain the changes
hunt on the plains our lives. one of the first sets of Anglo-Saxon England: and legal organization in the law in medieval
(Head Smashed-In laws with today’s • origins of terms in England and the England.
Buffalo Jump). Ancient China had laws. (Angles, Saxons, British colonies.
unique features and and Jutes) Ask a question:
Maya (Central these contributed to Describe the land of • adoption of Understand how • Is the tale of Robin
America), Aztecs and modern times. the Pyramids, how it Christianity England got its Hood real or fiction?
Montezuma (Mexico), looked, and what • monarchy- Common Law out of • Did he rob from the
Inca (South America) survives today. unification of a local and social rich and give to the
divided country custom. poor?
ancient Egypt: Explain some unique • Alfred the Great and
• pyramids features of ancient English traditions the origins of the Silk Retell the story of
• Ra and his children China and what it • Robin Hood, Road trading route Marco Polo’s journey
• Prince and the contributed to modern Norman Conquest from Europe across to the Orient and back
Sphinx times. • Domesday Book the Middle East and and what he
• pharaohs (first census) Asia to China; the discovered in the Far
• papyrus looking up information • Origins of the connections between East.
• hieroglyphics on Internet or in Common Law cultures and religions
• mummies libraries (Maya, Aztec, (Christian, Muslim, Compare the Black
• Queen Cleopatra Inca peoples) Buddhist) across the Death with later
ancient China: area between Europe pandemics, including
• teachings of Explain differences and China; movement the Spanish Flu and
Confucius between ancient law of people, goods, and COVID-19.
• Emperor and and today’s law. ideas
Forbidden City
• gunpowder and Tell a story of what life The first of the world’s
fireworks was like in ancient great pandemics was
• Great Wall of China Egypt. the Black Death.
• invention of paper
(Han Dynasty, 100 Explain some features
CE) that make Eastern
• silk civilizations, like
• trade China, different from
civilizations mostly

founded on European encounters with other

laws and cultures, like worlds: travels of
Canada. Marco Polo, Venetian
merchant (1271–1295
AD): journey from Italy
to the Orient/China
and back, the Silk
Road, visit to Court of
Kublai Khan; and,
from the Chinese
side, travels of Zheng
He (1371–1433/5)
(building on earlier
explorations by Gan
Ying, Zhang Qian,
and others)
plagues: the Black

Death (1347–1351)
and its impact

Organizing Idea Civics: Canada’s constitutional monarchy, democracy, rule of law, and citizenship are understood through knowledge of the origins and development of various contrasting political traditions and ideas.
Guiding Questions How do rules or expectations contribute to a sense of belonging to What aspects of past civilizations continue to influence the way people What are some of the ways we are governed that can be traced back
family, community, or the wider world? live within societies today? to the ancient and medieval world?
Learning Outcomes Students identify how a sense of belonging is supported through Students identify structures and governance of early civilizations. Students understand the history of hereditary rulership (monarchy) and
people gathering together while following simple expectations and the origins of modern forms of democracy.
rules.
Social groups like Gathering in groups Identify and explain Different societies and Two main types of Explain who ruled in early democracy: Athenian democracy Draw a diagram
families, classrooms, involves following how social groups like social groups were rulers include early societies and • origin of word worked to provide illustrating democracy
and schools have simple rules and families and organized in different hereditary and chosen how it was determined democracy rights and in ancient Athens.
bonds and simple expectations in order classrooms work ways, and chose by the people. in ancient times. • Council of 500 representation and
rules. to govern ourselves. together. leaders in different • male citizens and determined who was Explain the difference
ways; e.g. hereditary Reciprocation through Recognize the role of non-citizens excluded from in the systems of
chiefs/kings, military gift giving is a key way protocols and (Athens) citizenship. government between
leaders, or leaders to acknowledge and customs in First the Roman Kingdom,
chosen for specific build friendly Nations and Inuit evolution of the The Romans the Roman Republic,
skills (healing, relationships amongst communities, which Roman tradition practised different and Imperial Rome.
religious First Nations cultures. were unfamiliar to the through kings/tyrants: forms of government
knowledge/insight) or ways of early There were several at different times, first
character by some or First Nations and Inuit Europeans. phases of Roman rule by kings/tyrants,
all of the group. decision-making government that are then a form of
practices can include important for the democracy during the
West coast and some assembling in a circle, origins of democracy, Republic, and finally
interior First Nations saying a prayer, and including kings, Imperial rule with
have traditions of including everybody in Roman Republic some elements of
Potlatch (Pacific North discussion. (consuls, senate and monarchy (emperors)
West) and gift giving. assemblies), and and some elements of
empire (emperor, democracy (senate).
talking circles: The senate).
circle symbolizes
wholeness,
completion, and a way
of discussing matters.
Groups provide a Families, school Identify the bonds of governing rules and Most ancient societies Draw a diagram of medieval social order: Hereditary rulers and Identify the profound
sense of belonging: classes, children’s connection and simple social order: chiefs, had ruling elites who rule by a chief, king, feudalism, kings, bonds of loyalty held influence of hereditary
families, classes, groups, and rules that help us to kings, queens, and governed the rest of or emperor in relation queens, lords, and medieval society rulers and the clan
friends, and neighbourhoods are work together in empires; rule by the people. Common to the common loyalties of people as together. system.
responsibilities to one simple examples of groups. divine right of kings examples of these people. subjects
another. associations. elites were military The common people Ask questions:
Recognize fair rules leaders or hereditary crown, monarchy, and (noble citizens) • Was the Magna
Fairness and It is important to be and why we need leaders. the rise of Parliament secured democratic Carta the beginning
responsibility are part fair and responsible. them. in England (Magna rights and responsible of English
of being in social Carta, 1215) government. democracy through
groups. Parliament?
• Why did kings need
the consent of the
nobles to govern
(money to fund wars
and costs of court,
dynastic stability)?

Organizing Idea Geography: Understanding the world we live in, and the relationship of people and places, is supported by knowing features of the natural and political world, such as oceans, mountain ranges, and boundaries.
Guiding Questions How can maps and globes be used to help us understand the world Why do people move and settle in different places? Where did the earliest civilizations of the Middle East, Europe, and
and where we live and travel? Asia originate?
Learning Outcomes Children explore maps and globes to identify where we live and how Students explain reasons for migration and settlement of ancient Students describe ways that ideas, beliefs, religion, and cultural
we find our way around. civilizations. practices spread back and forth between the Middle East, Africa,
Europe, and Asia, and eventually to other places around the world.
Maps and globes how to find your way Read a map and maps and globes spatial understanding finding the location of geographic location spatial relationships Draw a map of
represent our world. around in school and construct a related to the early of key locations and places on a map: and extent of ancient among places in the ancient Greece
the local community neighbourhood map. Indigenous and positioning in the legend, directions, Greece, ancient ancient world and in (Athens, Sparta,
ancient world: Americas and the distance Rome, Islam, and medieval Europe Mediterranean Sea,
• Asia early world medieval Europe Aegean Sea, Ionian
• Beringia Distinguish between Sea).
• Arctic types of community, Judaism, Christianity,
• Tundra including city (urban) and Islam originated Trace the expansion
• Woodlands or farm (rural). in the Middle East and of Islam, beginning in
• Plains North Africa, and 622 AD.
• equator Discuss why people, spread from there into
past and present, Asia, Europe, and Identify and explain
often choose to settle eventually the world to landform features in
along rivers. become world areas under study.
religions.
continents, oceans
and seas, equator,
hemispheres, poles,
coasts, valleys,
grasslands, desert,
oasis
The world is round We live on planet Identify the globe as a natural disasters and Natural disasters Study and explain a migrations of people People migrate from Create maps showing
and shaped like a Earth and it’s shaped representation of our their impact: famine, impacted early and chart showing impact from across Europe to place to place for migration routes of
globe. like a globe. planet and know wars, disease, ancient civilizations; of natural disasters on Britain (Germanic different reasons, peoples during the
where we live on that drought, floods, and armies and disease. populations. peoples, including including Roman Empire.
distances on maps Maps show the planet. fires Saxons, Angles, • fleeing conflict
(close, distant, and far location of streets, wildfires and wind Recognize the value Jutes) and Norman • seeking refuge Explain the scale and
away) in metres and schools, communities, Discuss the idea that balance of nature and breaks, conservation of natural Conquest of England • military campaigns importance of the
kilometres (and and cities. the world is round like respect for the of scarce resources conservation and • religious passion Mongol Empire in
understand the a sphere and that we environment (water) management of Genghis Khan and the human history.
relationship to yards Distances can be are held down by scarce resources Mongol Empire rise and fall of the
and miles) measured on a map. gravity. (protected lands, (1162–1227): largest Mongol Empire Draw a map of early
burial grounds). land empire in human (1162–1300): all- trade and cultural
North and South location of key history powerful ruler encounters by tracing
Poles, seven features of our Earth (autocratic ruler) the journey of Marco
continents, oceans on a globe, including governing without any Polo to China and
gravity limits back, and Zheng and
the main trading
routes and cities of
the Silk Road.

routes of European The Silk Road derived Recognize and

exploration and trade: its name from the explain the origin of
travels of Marco Polo lucrative trade in silk the two-way silk and
and early Eastern that was carried out spice trade with China
trade along the Silk along its route. In and the Orient.
Road from China to addition to economic
the West trade, it was also an Describe some of the
important route for significant encounters
The Silk Road cultural exchange, between different
originated as a including Chinese peoples, either in
network of trade philosophy, religions person or indirectly
routes connecting (Buddhism), and through the goods
East and West, from innovations such as they produced, along
the 2nd century BCE paper and the Silk Road
to the 18th century. gunpowder. between Europe and
Asia.
The Silk Road
originated during the
Han dynasty (207
BCE–220 CE) and
was expanded by the
Chinese imperial
envoy Zhag Qian, as
well as through
military conquests.
The Great Wall of

China was extended,
in part, to protect the
trade route.

Organizing Idea Economics: Knowledge of basic economic concepts, such as needs, wants, resources, labour, innovation, trade, and capital, will build toward an understanding of economic systems.
Guiding Questions What are basic human needs and wants? How do people meet their needs and wants and make a living? How did bartering evolve to money exchange in order to better meet
needs and wants through trade and business?
Learning Outcomes Students compare needs and wants in relation to others. Students explain how work, money, and resources can help people Students examine the development of bartering into a system of
meet their needs and satisfy their wants. money exchange and explore how businesses meet the needs of
communities.
Basic needs can Certain basic needs Discuss which needs Resources needed to Working for a living in Identify the different Bartering is an basic economic Play a game of
include are essential and come first and why if fulfill needs and wants early times was types of societies: exchange of goods or concepts of trade and bartering goods and
• food necessary for survival. you have to make are not equally different than what it meeting basic needs services without exchange, goods and services.
• water choices. plentiful everywhere. means in today’s (subsistence) and money. services, bartering,
• sleep People have needs society. producing more than money exchange, Draw a sketch of a
• clean air for one another. Imagine that you are Once basic needs people need for Money has exports (leather barter exchange in the
• clothing being transported on (food, clothing, and People produce immediate use advantages over goods, wool) and Silk Trade with China.
• shelter a small boat to a shelter) are obtained, products (crops, (surplus). bartering by being imports (silks, spices)
• good health desert island. What humans seek more for livestock) or services more portable and by Read and interpret a
• safety and comfort/ three items would you themselves and (tending the fields). Compare jobs in early having an exact value. the mutual benefits of pie graph showing
stability need to survive? others. times with those trade and exchange of share of trade
today. Trading involves goods/services, and (imports/exports) of
Social needs can buying and selling potential problems in various products.
include Read a bar graph goods or services. trade relations
• love showing production of
• friendship products. Merchants and
• care businesses sell goods
• learning Define what the and services to raise
differences are money to purchase
between needs and other things.
wants.
Human wants are Wants are personal Compare the different concept of money in Money (currency) was Read a pie graph Commodities are Societies develop Compare the city
what people desire desires that are nice types of wants. Are exchange for surplus invented to represent showing shares of resources or goods natural resources and state of Venice (in
and prefer according to have but are not some more desirable production value in exchange. production (produce produced by people export to other places Marco Polo’s time)
to their personal required for human than others? and finished (craftsmen and to sustain local with Alberta today.
tastes. survival. distribution of natural resource products). modern industries) economies. Where did products
Discuss why different resources: Compare and exported to other go from Venice?
Distinguishing Individuals can look at people might have places that are People depend on Distinguish between places. Where do products go
between needs and needs and wants different needs and resource rich and resources that are resource rich and from Alberta? Draw
wants is not always differently, depending wants. resource poor in either renewable or resource poor places silk and spice trade of lines on a map to
easy. on many factors. ancient times and non-renewable. and communities the Mongol Empire, compare.
today. (plenty and scarcity). including ancient
China
renewable and non- Explain the difference
renewable resources between resource rich
and resource poor
societies.
Distinguish between
renewable (water) and
non-renewable (coal)
resources.

Indigenous principles Individual members of Describe collaborative earning money, Today, most people Describe how a
and values in the community practices of local Firstsaving, and investing: work for a living and business provides
bartering, trade, contributed to the Nations or Inuit to People work for a are rewarded for their jobs, goods, and
conservation, and common good in a meet the needs of the living, earning money activities or paid for services and can
sharing of resources meaningful way. community for in the form of income; their business labour. affect a
survival. save money for the neighbourhood.
cooperative Sharing and future; and invest Employment is
relationships: Roles generosity have Explain roles and money in hopes of a created by Identify local
and responsibilities always been valued in responsibilities in local profitable return. entrepreneurs in the businesses that help
were based on Indigenous First Nations or Inuit form of jobs paying communities address
individual gifts and communities. communities. Enterprising wages and salaries. needs and wants.
skills, and then tasks merchants and
were shared in a Trade and gift giving Explain how trade producers of
cooperative way. was common among relations and goods/services
First Nations and exchange of goods demonstrate
Inuit. worked in local First entrepreneurial
Nations or Inuit abilities, creating
communities. opportunities for work.

Organizing Idea Financial Literacy: Responsible choices to build a thriving life for self, family, and society are supported by knowledge, skills, and understanding of earning, investing, spending, borrowing, and financial security.
Guiding Questions What’s essential for young children to know about money and What’s important to you in your life, and where does money rank in What do we need to know about shopping at the supermarket or local
managing their personal resources? those priorities? grocery?
Learning Outcomes Students explore the essentials of money matters and fascinating facts Students explore personal priorities in life, what comes first, and why Students examine money and the value of goods that are vital when
about money. money is needed in society. shopping for food and essential needs.
Money has value and Money has value as a Answer money Money buys stuff we Being money wise Examine what is most Being money wise is Going shopping is a Plan for a shopping
enables you to means of exchange questions: need for life and involves making hard important in life, the important when you real-life situation that trip. Make a shopping
purchase things for goods and • Is the money things we want, but decisions about source of comfort, go shopping for food provides a test of how list, identify your
(goods and services). services and it comes Canadian or from some of the most priorities. well-being, and and essential much you know and household needs,
in different another country? important things in life happiness. Can supplies. have learned about review the weekly
coins, bills, and plastic denominations. • How do you know? can’t be bought (e.g., money buy the value of money, specials, and plan to
forms: cents, nickel, • What is it worth in love, a sense of happiness? Managing your money what things cost, and stay within your
dime, quarters, dollars and cents? belonging, friends). involves making a few how to make sound spending limits.
loonies, toonies, What happens when decisions each day, decisions about
paper bills, and Money is needed to you pursue only including how much to personal spending Consider the cost of
credit/debit cards purchase things and money and ignore keep for savings, choices. everyday things: How
to secure some of other important drinks, and treats, and much is a chocolate
life’s basics, including things? how much to share bar? Milk? Bread?
food, clothing, and with friends. How much can be
shelter. bought with $1, $10,
$100?
Money can be a
benefit (access to
better things), but can
also cause problems
such as greed and
debt.
Unique features of Our money has some Read aloud and retell Being money wise is Your money decisions Practise personal Planning a meal Meal planning Practise shopping at
Canadian money uniquely Canadian the story of how essential to setting reflect your values— financial decision involves shopping for requires many the supermarket and
include emblems, features, such as Canada got the loonie priorities and building what you think is most making: What’s a wise
food and involves considerations. the grocery store.
animals, and faces on types and names, and then the toonie. a foundation of good important, your sense purchase? making choices. A Make up a shopping
our money. including the loonie What happened to the financial habits. of what’s right and number of factors list, set a limit for
the story of the loonie and toonie. old one- and two- wrong. Which purchases are need to be spending, and then
dollar bills? questionable or considered, including purchase the items.
unwise? How can you price, quality, How wise have you
tell one from the nutrition, and balance been in making your
other? of diet. decisions?
Examine your
purchases. Have you
bought all the items?
Did you stay within
your limits? Are there
examples of where
you saved money in
making purchases?

Grade 3 Grade 4
Guiding Questions How did the world change with colonization of North America? How did Alberta and the North West develop during the expansion of the West?
Learning Outcomes Students describe key events of European exploration, contact with First Nations, the fur trade, and the Students examine how fur trade rivalries, early explorations, North West Mounted Police rule, and Treaties
expansion of New France. led to early settlement and to the transfer of Rupert’s Land to the Dominion of Canada.
Knowledge Understanding Skills and Procedures Knowledge Understanding Skills and Procedures
concept of “The Modern Age” – The European origins of the Recognize the concept of fur trade rivalries – competition The Hudson’s Bay Company, Examine the evidence: Study
the European age of discovery, concept of historical eras reflect European ages or eras and between the Hudson’s Bay based in London, claimed all some appropriate key passages of
exploration, and colonization the dominant Old World-New identify the “Early Modern Era” of Company (1760) and the North lands and rivers emptying into the charter of the Hudson’s Bay
(Early Modern Era, 1450–1750): World perspective. colonization. West Company (Nor’Westers) for Hudson Bay (covering one third of Company, May 1, 1670. How
the search for routes by sea to control of the main trade routes, the continent) and faced stiff much land was granted to the
India, the East Indies— Although the first European Explain how fish and furs led to from Cumberland House (1774) competition from Montreal traders Hudson’s Bay Company by their
Christopher Columbus to the explorers came to North America the exploration and colonial onwards, including Anthony controlling the Great Lakes region charter?
“West Indies” (1492); Vasco da searching for routes to the East development of New France. Henday to the Rockies, La and further west.
Gama around Cape of Good Hope Indies and for spices and precious Verendrye in the American West Ask a question: Who was Peter
to India (1497–1499); Ferdinand metals, they found fish and furs Examine the evidence to explain Fort Chipewyan on Lake Pond and what role did he play in
Magellan’s voyage of that attracted them to explore and how Indigenous-French relations fur trading posts in the Athabasca Athabasca was home to traders, the fur trade and exploration of the
circumnavigation (1519–1522) colonize New France and North deteriorated in the early years. region: Peter Pond and North Cree, De’né and Métis peoples, North West?
America, and the earliest West Company posts, Fort and was the base for Alexander
early contact between Europeans settlements struggled for survival. Explain the significance of Chipewyan (1788), and Fort Mackenzie’s northern Continuity and change: How do
and Indigenous peoples: John Indigenous ways, languages, and Edmonton (1795) explorations. the names of major rivers help us
Cabot and Grand Banks, sea Good relationships dissolved practices in shaping early to remember the past?
silver (England, 1497), Jacques when conflicts arose over taking Canadian culture. Women, mostly Métis, were North West Company trader
Cartier (France,1534–1541), and “captives,” Donnacona and his present in fur trade country and Alexander Mackenzie (1789; Ask questions: Why is pemmican
Ill-Fated Settlement at Cap Rouge two sons, back to France where Construct a timeline showing the many intermarried with traders 1792–1793) travelled by canoe still well known today? Which food
their return trip was delayed and key events in the founding, living a la façon du pays (in the and foot searching for a Northwest products are most like pemmican?
early encounters with Chief of they eventually died. growth, and development of New fashion of the country). passage to the Pacific. Instead, he
Stadacona tribe Donnacona, France from 1605 to 1763. journeyed up a great river to the Cause and effect: What prompted
taking of his two sons, and The country’s name and popular Plains Cree culture and the bison Beaufort Sea in the Arctic, then Palliser’s Expedition and what
deteriorating relations, scurvy, social practices have Indigenous as staple food – using all parts of across the Rocky Mountains to was its impact on agriculture in
cedar bark tea remedy, finding of and French colonial origins. animal, use of pemmican (high the Pacific Ocean. Alberta?
“Route to Canada” energy dried buffalo meat with
France laid claim to much of early berries) used by frontier traders Dried meat food was first Ask a question: Was the takeover
origin of name Canada (Kanata), Canada from 1605 to 1760 and produced by the Plains Cree from of Rupert’s Land a good deal for
first social club (Order of Good left a lasting cultural heritage and clearing the way for agriculture – pulverized bison meat and berries the Canadian government?
Cheer, 1606), and meeting with footprint. Captain John Palliser’s Expedition (pemmican) and was widely used
Sagamore Membertou (Mi’kmaq) (1859–1862) and origin of Palliser by Arctic explorers.
Triangle – fertile prairie lands
founding of New France: Samuel Palliser’s Expedition report
de Champlain (1605–1632), Port transfer of Rupert’s Land to the awakened people to the existence
Royal, Quebec Habitation, Dominion of Canada, 1869, and of a fertile triangle and
Stadacona, Hochelaga, Cross on impact on the North West encouraged agricultural
Mount Royal “claimed” for France settlement.
Prime Minister John A. Macdonald

and his lead cabinet member,
George E. Cartier, completed the
deal to transfer Rupert’s Land to
Canada.

Grade 3 Grade 4
Seasonal survival skills shared by Some Indigenous peoples Research challenges new settlers origin and advance of North West Perspectives on NWMP presence Draw a sketch of the NWMP in
First Nations include supported newcomers with faced in what is now Canada and Mounted Police (NWMP) rule – among First Nations and settlers uniform: Why are Mounties often
• methods and techniques for knowledge and teachings to identify how Indigenous law and order to encourage were both positive and negative, shown on horseback?
transportation on land and water support survival. communities sometimes settlement (1873–1905) with the Mounties generally being
• accessing medicines and food supported them. distinguished as being more Examine multiple perspectives on
sources through gathering, Some new settlers still struggled NWMP headquarters was in Fort reliable and trustworthy than their the NWMP presence in the
hunting, and planting to survive in North America MacLeod, Alberta and later in United States’ counterparts. Canadian West and Northwest
• food preservation methods despite Indigenous support; Regina, Saskatchewan. according to original accounts in
• ways to build shelters others adapted better. primary documents as well as
appropriate to ways of life and secondary sources.
seasons
• ways to make clothing from the
land
legend of Madeleine de Madeleine de Verchères is Weigh different viewpoints: The disappearance of the bison herds One of the earliest endangered Drawing conclusions: What
Verchères, a 14-year-old considered a French-Canadian legend of Madeleine de Verchères – depletion of bison (also known species was the prairie bison, caused the near extinction of the
Canadienne heroine widely known hero for her role in defending her
can be seen from different as buffalo) population originally decimated mainly by hunters Plains Bison? Who or what was
for rallying to the defence of New village against the Iroquois. perspectives. To whom was the numbering some15 million shooting hundreds of bison on responsible for the
France young Canadienne woman a migratory animals expeditions. disappearance?
Centuries later, Madeleine’s hero? How might the Iroquois
Most French inhabitants of New image was used to inspire women view her act in rallying the
France lived behind fortifications. to engage in the war effort in defences?
Canada.
Since the time of Champlain,
relations with the Iroquois had
deteriorated and towns and
villages lived under fear of attack
as the Iroquois sought to retain
possession of their lands.
Verchères was one such town,

where Madeleine, daughter of the
seigneur, rallied the defences in
1692 while her parents were
absent from their farm.
French colonial rule – early The vast majority of early colonial Ask questions: What was daily life ranching and cowboy culture: Ranching emerged on the Alberta Examine the evidence: Study the
society in New France: earliest settlers were from France, and like for the earliest French settlers, cattle and horses are present on prairie and it was pioneered by the most common words used by
French inhabitants – apothecary French was the first European traders, merchants, garrison the prairie grasslands, arrival of first generation of western cowboys roping horses and
Louis Hébert and his family of language spoken on the continent. soldiers, men, women and horses northward, grazing of cowboys riding horses imported driving cattle on the range. What
Paris, Jean Talon, first census, children? Write a note back to cattle, first NWMP cattle herd and from Europe via Spanish colonies words in cowboy culture (lingo,
daughters of the King (les filles du Early French settlers gradually France explaining conditions. horses (1879), lawlessness on the (e.g., Mexico, Argentina). ranch, rodeo, stampede, lariat,
roi) became Canadiens. range, spread of cattle herds lasso, buckaroo) have Spanish
Explain how the seigneurial (25,000 head and 11,000 horses, Herding cattle grazed freely right origins? Why the Spanish
French settlement: seigneurial New France had a unique system system of New France worked, 1882–1883, Big Four ranches in across the American plains and influence?
system, seigneurs and habitants, of land holding—the seigneurial outlining the duties and Southern Alberta, south of Fort northward into Canada.
strip farms, Saint Lawrence and system—with strip farms and responsibilities of seigneurs and Calgary, 1875), early Calgary was
Richelieu rivers “rangs” running along the habitants. known as “Cow Town”
waterways.

Grade 3 Grade 4
Slavery in New France: Slaves Slaves existed in New France until Examine the evidence: Discuss Jerry Potts (1840-1896), was a Black rancher John Ware, born a Investigate the lives of John Ware
and servants were common. it was abolished in Upper Canada slavery in New France and leading scout, interpreter, hunterslave in South Carolina, escaped and of Jerry Potts. How did they
Blacks in New France were (1793) and then in all British North consider why advertisements in the North West. into Canada and with his wife, contribute to the development of
considered the “property” of white American colonies in 1807. would be placed in newspapers Mildred, was a pioneer with a 160- what would become Alberta?
settlers and the Code Noir offering rewards for the capture of Famous Black rancher John Ware acre homestead west of Calgary.
(rulebook) was used, even though a runaway slave. (1845-1905), along with his wife
it was not the official law. Mildred and family, was a Jerry Potts’ mother was from the
Enslaved Blacks were brought ranching pioneer and folk hero in Kainai-Cree and his father was
from Africa and sold as part of the Alberta (Howdy, I’m John Ware, Scottish, and he lived and worked
trans-Atlantic trade in goods. 2020). with Métis, European, and local
Some 3,600 slaves lived in the First Nations, earning their trust
colony in 1760 when New France John Ware’s funeral in 1905 was and respect through his
fell to the British. one of the largest in Alberta knowledge of the prairies and his
history. skill as a scout, hunter, and
soldier.
expansion of the fur trade to The fur trade was important to Weigh differing viewpoints: Why grain growing and agriculture: Harsh conditions on the Alberta Write a letter expressing the
interior and into the North West: New France; the frontier was was land important to Indigenous settling in a prairie “ocean of prairie test the will of many concerns of a prairie farm family
finest beaver pelts (castor gross), fortified, and crop production was peoples and the French fur grassland,” homesteading farmers, especially in winters, and suffering through the hard times in
voyageurs, coureur des bois, and mostly to sustain the local traders? (loneliness and hardships – the isolation and loneliness can the early 1890s.
Catholic missionaries. brandy population. drought, early frosts, make life difficult at times. Frost
trade, origin of Montreal fur trade, Why was French the first grasshoppers, grass fires), resistant wheat prolonged the Weigh different viewpoints:
Nor’Westers European language spoken in invention of Red Fife wheat (Rev, growing season over much of the Should prairie grain elevators be
what is now Alberta? John Gough Brick, Peace River prairies. saved? How much of our history
the “Black Robes” (Catholic district, 1892–1893) should be preserved? Why?
missionaries), Father Lacombe Grain elevators are known as
(1827–1916) priest and pioneer origins of prairie grain elevators: “prairie sentinels” and dot the
first elevator, Gretna, Manitoba, landscape, alerting travellers to
1881, storing grain for loading on the names of towns, and as
rail cars, multiplied from 90 in symbols of grain growing in the
1890 to 454 by 1900 region.

Grade 3 Grade 4
Guiding Questions What impact did British colonization have on the remaining British North American colonies in what What factors led to the creation of the province of Alberta in 1905?
became Canada
Learning Outcomes Students examine the fall of New France, British colonization, and how the American War of Independence Students investigate the main factors leading to the creation of Alberta, including the building of railways
altered the course of Canada’s evolution and how changes in Canada are reflected in the Canadian and immigration of diverse groups.
emblems, symbols, and songs.
causes of the fall of New France – Wars in Europe set the stage for Explain cause and effect: What building and completion of the The building of the Canadian Examine photos of “The Last
critical factors in French the fall of New France and its caused New France to fall to the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) – Pacific Railway (CPR) was Spike” of the Canadian Pacific
abandonment of Quebec abandonment. British in 1760 and what was the from Regina to British Columbia considered a national project with Railway (CPR). What do they tell
impact? (1883–1887), and mistreatment of “ties that bind” the Dominion you about what actually happened
Chinese railway workers together, but much of the work in building the line?
(navvies), mass burials, and origin was done by immigrant workers,
of Chinese head tax: including Chinese and Indian Examine the evidence of racial
• Immigrants from China and workers. exclusion – compare the Chinese
India were early builders of head tax from 1885 to 1923 and
Canada and Alberta, working in Chinese and Indian immigrants Indian immigration “cap”
railway construction, forestry, suffered racial discrimination and restrictions from 1908 to 1957.
and local merchandise trade. immigration restrictions.
• Chinese immigrants settled in Compare and contrast the early
what were often called Exclusionist policies were Chinese and Indian immigrant
“Chinatowns.” Surviving introduced to restrict the numbers experiences. What drew them to
examples can be found in of Chinese and Indians entering the Pacific West and Alberta?
Edmonton and Calgary. the Dominion. The “Yellow Scare” Why did they face overt
Chinese immigrants also settled sparked open discrimination discrimination and how did they
in small towns across the against Chinese immigrants, and fare?
prairies, where many were a 1906–1908 spike in migrants
entrepreneurs and became from the Indian sub-continent
business owners. sparked harsh restrictions,
capping the numbers admitted to
fewer than 100 per year.
Quebec under British rule (1760– Consideration and treatment of Examine the evidence: Governor Louis Riel, Métis nationhood, and Métis leader Louis Riel was a See history through different eyes:
1776): Royal Proclamation, the conquered French Canadians Guy Carleton’s (Lord the suppression of the Red River controversial figure—revered as a Why did the federal government
Quebec Act, Peace of Paris, and was a matter of necessity Dorchester’s) reasons for and North West resistance (1869– hero by French Canadians, consider Riel a traitor? Why would
conciliation with Canadiens because Canadiens made up the recommending and supporting the 1885): Métis leader Louis Riel, admired by Métis, yet at the time Métis and French Canadians
(French Canadians) vast majority of the population. Quebec Act Head of Buffalo Hunt Gabriel labelled a traitor and radical of the regard him as a hero?
Dumont, and two uprisings in Western Frontier.
1869–1870 (Red River) and 1885 Explore the challenges that Métis
(Saskatchewan) Métis were displaced as a result faced in moving to Alberta.
of the purchase of Rupert’s Land. Research experiences of Métis in
Métis scrip was an attempt by the Métis were displaced from their attempting to apply for and
government to compensate Métis homelands in Manitoba and faced receive scrip.
for the loss of land base through challenges in trying to settle
their acquisition of Rupert’s Land. further west. Identify the eight Métis
Very few Métis were successful in settlements in Alberta.
exchanging scrip for land. Alberta is home to the only
recognized Métis settlements in
Canada.

Grade 3 Grade 4
Following Riel’s death, the Métis

fled west to what is now Alberta
and as a result many Métis live in
the province today.
Acadians and Indigenous peoples: Thousands of French settlers Construct a timeline listing the Alberta’s Francophone history: Francophones contributed to the Create a timeline retracing
the “Grand Dérangement” were expelled with revolution events that marked the Acadian • explorers/voyageurs/guides/inte establishment of the province of Alberta’s Francophone history.
(Expulsion of the Acadians, 1755) brewing in the American Thirteen deportation and resettlement. rpreters Alberta today.
and the Great Law of Peace Colonies (known as “Le Grand • French main spoken language Identify Francophone
(1763) – Proclamation Line and Dérangement” or “the Great • Francophone immigration The Francophone community contributions to Alberta history.
recognition of Indigenous land Upheaval”). It was immortalized in • French-speaking newcomers remains a vibrant and significant
rights in interior and North West Longfellow’s poem, “Evangeline. came from French Canada, part of the Alberta landscape. Compare the different local
New England, and other histories of St. Albert and
French-speaking countries in French settlements, distinct from Edmonton (still distinct) with
Europe Métis communities, grew up Rouleauville and Calgary (the
around Edmonton from 1877 to Calgary enclave was absorbed
Catholic missionaries and many the late 1890s. into the Mission District because it
clerics founded towns where was the home of the French
Francophone colonizers settled, Catholic mission, but street signs
including Vegreville, Plamondon, provide clues to its French
Morinville, Legal, Beaumont, and Catholic origins).
Rouleauville (Calgary).
Cause and effect: What minority
minority language rights: rights were extended in the
• French-speaking Métis upheld Manitoba Act and what was the
French language rights and impact?
Francophones gradually moved
to Alberta from Quebec and
other provinces.
• The first French settlement
(1872) was established at
Lamoureux; in the 1890s,
French settlers were attracted
by Father Jean-Baptiste Morin;
and by 1898 the population
around Edmonton numbered
2,250 first language French-
speakers.
Father Lacombe (1827–1916),

priest and pioneer
language rights – Manitoba Act

(1870), North West Territories Act
(1875), and F. W. G. Haultain and
Alberta rights, 1886–1891
American War of Independence The British sought to secure Ask questions: What is the basis great wave of immigration and Alberta experienced a slow, Examine advertisements of the
(1776–1783): peace and loyalty of the for the First Nations claim to much settlement – the “Last Best West” gradual transition to provincial Last Best West campaign (1896–
• divided loyalties – American Indigenous peoples with the of the land beyond the settled campaign (1896–1905), arrival of status influenced by the advance 1905). What attracted early
revolutionaries promise of land rights. area of New France? Galicians/Ukrainians (Dr. Joseph of western settlement. farmers? Would such a plan for
(Republicans/Patriots) and Oleskiw and sponsored steamship Alberta work today?
United Empire Loyalists voyages, 1895–1900, and Alberta
(Loyalists/Tories) promoter, John Plypow, Lamont,
1894)

Grade 3 Grade 4
• Loyalist influence and Tory The United States is an Critical thinking: What makes gold rush and opening of the The “Last Best West” was the Examine photographs of gold
values – monarchy, respect, independent republic born out of a Canadians unique when Klondike: gold discovered at Canadian government’s European seekers in the Chilkoot Pass and
responsible government revolution, while British North compared with Americans and the Bonanza Creek, Yukon Territory, immigration campaign slogan explore the life of “Klondike Kate,”
America (Quebec and Canada) British? What do we have in 1896, rush of 40,000 prospectors, under Wilfrid Laurier, promising Kathleen Eloise Rockwell, known
took a different path, maintaining common with each? depletion of gold deposits, closing free land for thousands of settlers. as Queen of the Yukon.
close ties with Britain, “the mother of last mine, 1966
country.” The Klondike gold rush opened up Examine the evidence: Study the
creation of the province – origin the Yukon and people came Alberta Act and Autonomy Bill
and terms of the Autonomy Act through Alberta. It showed the (1905) and describe the actual
(1905), creating Alberta and hard realities of a boom-and-bust boundaries of Alberta.
Saskatchewan; Alberta’s F. W. G. mining economy.
Haultain fought for responsible Assess the significance of the
government and favoured a larger Joining the Dominion was the growth and disappearance of
Province of Buffalo option favoured by Ottawa, but Amber Valley over the years using
there were other alternative sources including “Black Settlers
Black settlement in Alberta: early proposals, including Haultain’s Come to Alberta,” Alberta Land of
trek from Oklahoma into Canada, plan for a larger North West Opportunity, and “The black
settling in Amber Valley (1909), province. people in the middle of nowhere;
Junkins (Wildwood), Keystone, The lost community of Amber
and Campsie, Alberta; pioneer Early experiences of newcomers, Valley, AB.”
stories of Jefferson Davis such as Black settlers, Chinese
Edwards and Agnes Leffler Perry; workers and Hutterite farmers in Research the family history of
arrival of the Ku Klux Klan Alberta illustrate what it’s like to Norman (Normie) Kwong, 1929–
(1920s); racism and eventual face hardships in a new country. 2016, the son of Chinese
disappearance of Amber Valley immigrants from Taishan,
(1940s to 1971); success stories – Racism, discrimination, and Guangdong, China, who entered
lawyer Violet King and teacher exclusion were everyday realities, Canada in 1907 and paid the
Gwen Hooks especially in the 1920s and head tax. Explain how Normie and
1930s. Some Black Albertans his family overcame prejudice and
Early Chinese Canadian Pacific overcame prejudice and achieved achieved success in Alberta.
Railway workers and pioneers individual success. Many Chinese
paved the way for further pioneers persevered and
migrations, settling in larger established successful local
centres. By 1910, Calgary, businesses.
Edmonton, Medicine Hat, and
Lethbridge all had Chinese
districts. Most Chinese immigrants
faced anti-Chinese sentiment and
established local businesses,
including stores and laundry
services. The life story of former
Edmonton football star Norman
(Normie) Kwong (The China
Clipper) and his family is a
testament to their success.

Grade 3 Grade 4
symbols, emblems and flags of Changing symbols and emblems Explain the significance: What do resilience of the Hutterites: The The Hutterites came seeking Research and report on what you
Canada: flags –Union Jack to Red tell the story of Canada’s gradual the changes in Canada’s flags tell German-speaking Christian refuge and religious freedom and learn about Hutterites in Alberta,
Ensign to Maple Leaf (1964); evolution from a British colony to a us about the evolution of our Anabaptist group arrived in survived, overcoming local their religious beliefs, social and
coats of arms (Dominion, 1921, self-governing Dominion and a nation? Alberta from the American Mid- resistance and discrimination. cultural life, and the sources of the
Alberta 1907/1980); national more Canadian, less British West after the First World War, resistance to their settlements.
anthems – God Save the society over time. settling in little colonies, seeking How did the Hutterites manage to
King/Queen (1744), Maple Leaf freedom of worship and escape survive in villages near Magrath,
Forever (1867), Canada (1939); from enforced military service. Cardston, and Pincher Creek and
symbol – the poppy The Hutterites wore traditional eventually secure a place for
(Remembrance Day, November clothing, lived in separate themselves in Alberta?
11, 1918); and national animal communities, and faced
emblem – the beaver (1975) discrimination and limits on further
purchase of rural land.
the first mosque on the prairies – The mutual support across Study photographs of the Al-
The first mosque built in Canada, religious lines and the architecture Rashid Mosque (1938).
was Al-Rashid Mosque in of the “onion dome” and “cupola
Edmonton, Alberta. It was erected dome” churches of the prairies What’s distinctive about the
in 1938 and was initiated by a can tell us a lot about the history mosque’s dome? Who was the
Muslim woman, Hilwie Hamdon, of Alberta. architect? Which aspects of the
with funds from Jews, Christians, building reflected Greek Orthodox
and Muslims. The mosque was and Ukrainian influences?
supported by Mayor John Fry. Distinguish between “onion” and
There were about 700 Muslims in “cupola” domes?
Canada at the time. The Al-
Rashid Mosque was built shortly
after the first U.S. mosque in
Ross, North Dakota.

Grade 3 Grade 4
Guiding Questions What were the earliest forms of government in Canada from New France to British colonial rule What shaped the government and politics of Alberta and makes the province unique?
Learning Outcomes Students examine how government and society in New France were distinctly French and how it gradually Students explore the transfer of Rupert’s Land, Treaties, the establishment of a provincial government, and
evolved into a British system with its own governors, parliament, and courts. political ideas that advanced the development of Alberta.
government in New France: King, French colonial government was Identify the weaknesses in the transfer of Rupert’s Land to the What is now Alberta was Identify the extent and boundaries
Minister of Marine and Colonies, top-down from the King in France government of New France. How Dominion of Canada (1869) and transferred from the British Crown of Rupert’s Land at the time of the
Governor, Bishop, and Intendant to the Governor (New France) effective was it in making changes its impact on Alberta – a new to the Dominion Government in transfer to Canadian government
(Count Frontenac, 1672–1698), ruling in cooperation with the or responding to troublesome frontier for Western expansion, Ottawa, a step on the road to administration.
Bishop François Laval (1659– Sovereign Council, the Catholic issues? How long did it take to get controlled by Ottawa, 1869–1905 territorial self-government.
1688), and Intendent Jean Talon Bishop and the Intendant (colonial a decision? Make a chart showing the three
(1665–1672), captains of militia – administrator) and sparked Treaties and reserve system: The First Nations and the Crown each major treaties in Alberta, the main
colonial rule by correspondence, periodic protests British Crown negotiated treaties had reasons for the signing of date and location of the signing,
playing card money (Jacques de with First Nations peoples in treaties. the region covered, and
Meulles, 1685), women’s Alberta territory – Treaty 6 provisions included within each
horsemeat protest (les femmes (Central Alberta, Carlton and Fort Each treaty is unique and included treaty and representative nations.
Québecoises, 1757) Pitt, 1876); Treaty 7 (Southern provisions related to land use and
Alberta, Blackfoot Crossing, Fort rights. Discuss the meaning of “We are
Macleod, 1877), and Treaty 8 all Treaty people.”
(Northern Alberta at Lesser Slave All people living in Alberta are
Lake, 1899). Three treaties, 45 Treaty people. Weigh differing viewpoints: Does
First Nations on 140 reserves, Frederick W. G. Haultain deserve
covering 812,771 hectares of Prominent member of the more recognition as the father of
reserve land Territorial Legislative Council, responsible government in
Frederick W. G. Haultain of Fort Alberta?
Treaties are living documents that MacLeod, Alberta, challenged
still apply today and are a British Colonial Office
foundational part of Alberta. representative Lieutenant-
Governor Edgar Dewdney, and
struggle for provincial rights: campaigned for “responsible
Frederick W. G. Haultain and the government” – a government
struggle for self-government – the accountable to the people’s
first clash with Ottawa – the elected representatives.
Haultain Resolution (1892) and
amendments, status as advocate
of responsible government in
Alberta
British monarchy and The essential principles of liberty Examine the evidence: Study provincial government in Alberta: The Alberta Legislative Assembly Discuss and debate: “One House
parliamentary democracy: in the English-speaking world and some key age-appropriate clauses established following first election is based in Edmonton, the of Assembly is all Alberta needs
origin of English charter of the origins of Parliament can be of the Magna Carta (1215) that (1905), with a small Provincial provincial capital, and the to provide sound and effective
democratic rights, terms of Magna traced back to the Magna Carta would still be relevant today. Why Assembly of 25 seats and some province is governed by a Premier government.”
Carta (1215), immediate impact in (Latin for Great Charter). are such ideas as protection from 25,336 voters, which expanded to in Council (with his cabinet),
England (King is responsible to unfair imprisonment still important 59 seats and 298,087 voters in based upon the British
council of barons), and The Magna Carta made the King today? 1921, when the United Farmers of parliamentary system. Unlike the
contribution to democracy, law, (monarch) accountable to a Alberta (UFA) took power federal government, there is only
and human rights in Canada council of barons representing the Compare and contrast the Magna one legislative body, not two
people, and influenced Carta and the Iroquois (House of Commons and Senate),
governments around the world. Confederacy Great Law of Peace. as in Ottawa.

Grade 3 Grade 4
The Magna Carta safeguarded One of the two Houses of Weigh viewpoints: Was the
these rights: access to swift Parliament, the appointed Upper Magna Carta a lasting legacy in
justice, protection of church rights, House (Senate of Canada) is a Canada?
no new taxes without permission, legacy of the Magna Carta.
limits on feudal dues/taxes, and
protection from unfair The Great Law of Peace set out
imprisonment. how the confederacy would be
governed, how conflicts would be
first English council of 25 barons resolved, and how peace would
established to watch over the be upheld.
King, and ensure the rights of
Magna Carta were respected,
eventually becoming the House of
Lords in Parliament of England
(like the Senate in Canada)
The Great Law of Peace is the

constitution on which the Iroquois
Confederacy was founded.

Grade 3 Grade 4
Guiding Questions Why is geographic knowledge essential for understanding historical changes, movements of people, and How does geographic knowledge support understanding of Alberta’s past and present?
the spread of colonies around the world?
Learning Outcomes Students locate and discuss how geographic locations of colonies, exploration routes, migrations of Students examine people, places, locations, and boundaries related to Alberta over time.
people, and changing boundaries is important in understanding past and present developments.
First Nations and Inuit Indigenous peoples lived in many Interpret maps showing different The North West Territories was The names of two of the five Draw a map of the division of the
communities lived across North different places, spoke different Indigenous cultural and language divided in 1882 into five original districts became the North West Territories in 1882,
America at the time of French languages, and had differing groups across North America at administrative districts, including official names of the two provinces
showing the locations of each of
European contact. cultural practices. the time of French European Alberta, Athabasca, Assiniboine of the Dominion in 1905, Alberta the five districts and then draw the
contact. East, Assiniboine West, and and Saskatchewan. actual boundaries of the provinces
exploration routes to the Pacific Many major river systems in Saskatchewan. of Alberta and Saskatchewan as
coast: routes of James Cook Western Canada got their names Locate the routes of early All places in Alberta, Canada, and of their creation in 1905.
(1768–1778), George Vancouver from early explorers. exploration in Western Canada. Geographic locations can be the world have specific
(1792–1793), Alexander described using specific geographic locations on the globe, Test your geographic skills: Find
Mackenzie (1793), David Ask questions: Why are the major positioning on the globe. Places in at intersection points of latitude the geographic locations of towns
Thompson (1799–1800), and rivers named after European or Alberta are located at meridians of and longitude. and cities in Alberta, including
Simon Fraser (1807) American traders and explorers? longitude and parallels of latitude. Edmonton, Calgary, Vegreville,
What are the names of the rivers Longitude starts at the Prime Indigenous names for places help Lloydminster, Lac La Biche, Banff,
in the local Indigenous language? Meridian in Greenwich, UK (0 to explain their history and Brooks, and Pincher Creek.
degrees longitude) and latitude significance.
starts at the equator (0 degrees Examine place names: Some
latitude). The International Date Alberta has approximately 2000 local Indigenous language place
Line is 180 degrees longitude. communities and natural sites with names include Edmonton (Beaver
Time zones follow the meridians. French-influenced names. Hills House, Cree), Calgary
(Elbow, Blackfoot) and Fort
Alberta place names have a wide Chipewyan (Land of Willows,
variety of origins and can be Dene).
different in Indigenous languages.
Identify the location of
Local place names with French Francophone settlements and
origins include Lamoureux, Leduc, draw a map identifying the original
Lacombe, Bonnyville, Morinville, French settlement towns.
Beaumont, Trochu, Riviere-qui-
Barre, and Vegreville.
historical maps showing changing New France and British North Trace the changing boundaries of Landforms maps show the surface Alberta is a province with vast Calculate the change in elevation
boundaries of New France (1610– America expanded and New France and British North relief and elevations above sea plains, mountains, foothills, hills, from Fort Chipewyan to the
1760) and British North America boundaries changed over time. America between 1610 and 1815. level of physical features across and many lakes, rivers, and Crowsnest Pass in the Rocky
(1763, 1783, and 1815) the whole landscape, showing creeks. Elevations above sea Mountains. (That’s the kind of
Analyze the maps: Why did the mountains, hills, valleys, passes, level range from the lowest point climb Alexander Mackenzie
colony of New France grow so and small depressions (coulees). at Slave River Valley (573 feet undertook by canoe and on foot in
slowly compared to the American [175 metres]) to the highest point the 1790s.)
Thirteen Colonies? Map scales provide a way of at Mount Columbia (12,294 feet
calculating distance from one [3,747 metres]).
place to another on a map, usually
measured in either centimetres to
kilometres or inches to miles.

Grade 3 Grade 4
Use a map scale: Take out a map

of Alberta or find one on the
Internet with a map scale at the
bottom. Calculate the distance in
kilometres travelled by the North
West Mounted Police from Regina
to Duck Lake during the 1885
Métis uprising.

Grade 3 Grade 4
Guiding Questions How can available resources and products inform trade and choice, past and present? How are goods and services exchanged in trade?
Learning Outcomes Students compare resources, products, and choice to trade in early colonies and present day Alberta. Students examine trade and transportation and its influence on the distribution of goods and services, past
and present.
Metropolis and hinterland is a way New France supplied France with Draw a map diagram of triangular balance of trade in the fur trade of A balance sheet shows the Make a balance sheet for trade at
of describing the trade relationship highly prized furs (beaver pelts), trade linking France, New France, the North West – a case study difference between revenues Fort Chipewyan from 1822 to
between a mother country or fish, and wheat (for bread) and and the French West Indies. Label examining the Fort Chipewyan coming in (for goods and services) 1898, plotting the ups and downs
dominant trading centre and imported most of its finished the three-cornered trade flows and trade region, 1822 to 1899, in relation to expenses (costs of total trade (profits vs. losses) in
outlying colonies, societies, or goods. The mother country limited products going in and out of signing of Treaty No. 8 (Patricia A. going out) in a business or trading relation to the ups and downs of
communities (Paris, France and the New France economy by France. McCormack, Fort Chipewyan and area. The balance sheet is directly conditions.
New France, Montreal and the supplying staple products. the Shaping of Canadian History, affected by surrounding economic
North West). Make a concept map to illustrate 1788–1920s, 2010, Map, p. 5) conditions and ups and downs
The fur and fish trade were the production of goods in New caused by changing conditions.
Main products of New France profitable for France and the France—for export and for home timeline of important events:
produced for export to France colony was expected to produce consumption. Show linkages • 1822 – first York Boats built at
included furs, fish, whale blubber, products to feed the people: food, between wheat and bread, cattle Fort Chipewyan
and wheat. drinks, canoes, wooden goods, and leather goods. • 1826 – Hudson’s Bay Company
and wheat for bread. withdrew liquor from trading
Main staple products imported into district
New France from the mother The French trade system was • 1869 – Hudson’s Bay Company
country included ships, muskets, triangular trade (mercantilism) monopoly ended when Rupert’s
blankets, woolen goods, horses, linking France, New France, and Land surrendered to Canada
pots, and metal goods. the West Indies (sources of sugar, • 1881 – small pox epidemic
fruits, and vegetables). • 1882–1883 – Fort Chipewyan
Products produced in New France bypassed by HBC trail to
for local consumption included Athabasca Landing
bread, maize (corn), oats, barley, • 1886 – Transportation by York
peas, cattle. Boats ended
• 1887 – Great famine
• 1893–1898 – Gold seekers
passed through on route to
Klondike
Alberta has historically been a The resources that Alberta Explain why Alberta is a leading Transportation hubs are important Changes in means of Identify and compare major
resource economy, producing produces have changed over resource-producing region and to Alberta’s trade and economic transportation can affect which Alberta transportation hubs in
goods, services, and ideas that time. why its products are needed or activity and changed from the places are transportation hubs as 1800, 1900, and 2000.
people in the province, in Canada, wanted in other parts of the early years to modern times from the Albertan and Canadian
and around the world need and country or the world. waterway and railway centres to economy continues to diversify. Make a map of major Alberta
want. Resources and products highway junctions and airports. transportation hubs and trace the
include oil and gas, coal, Compare the products produced changes in Alberta, over time.
livestock, grains, food, honey, in Alberta in 1945, 1980, and Where do they link to around
softwood. 2020. Canada and the world?
Products exported include oil and How has Alberta’s economy

gas, sulphur, cement, stone, diversified over time?
minerals, and fuels.
Why might it be good and
discovery of oil at Leduc No. 1 necessary for the Alberta
and the post-World War 2 oil economy to continue diversifying
boom in the future?

Grade 3 Grade 4
Guiding Questions What are the essential principles and advantages of knowing the basics about making wise and Why is developing a business plan a good idea when managing an operation or planning a new project?
responsible financial choices?
Learning Outcomes Students develop insights about wise management of what they have. Students develop a business plan to support historical understandings of the construction of the Canadian
Pacific Railway.
Being “money smart” is a basic Building a foundation of good Personal money matters: What Features of a business plan Planning and managing: Using a Identify basic features of a
skill in today’s world and it’s habits of caring for the things you money is spent on you – per day, include business plan involves studying business plan.
important to be able to manage have at an early age helps you to per week, over a month? What • type of business the benefits in relation to costs
your own money and resources. make the most effective use of proportion goes to basic needs, • description of business and helps businesses be more Explain how a business plan
your resources. Knowing the entertainment, or fun activities? • costs successful. helps to guide decision making in
value of money and how to Do you stock up or save some • market a business or in carrying out a
manage it is helpful in everyday things in case you need them • tracking of revenue and new project.
home, school, and extra-curricular later? Do you share with others? expenses
activities. • profit Asking questions: How is your
Discuss how saving can start at family like or unlike a business
There are many ways of giving to an early age. An individual does (budgeting, costs, profit)?
others, regardless of whether you not need to wait to have more
have money, but managing your money or be older to start saving
money well can mean that you money.
have more ways to share or
donate to worthy causes.
the value of saving – for desired Saving is part of wise personal Plan a party for your class with a A business plan is a document Developing a business plan helps Make a business plan to plan for
purchases and for help during a planning. It allows you to save-up budget of $100. How much would that summarizes plans to carry out to ensure the success of a the Construction of the Canadian
“rainy day” (when losses are for bigger purchases and also you spend for food so that projects over time. Plans normally business or a project, large or Pacific Railway (1881–1885). It
suffered and others need your comes in handy during a “rainy everyone has enough? How much include the following: type of small, by assessing the potential will be a risky plan to effectively
help) day” or period of financial losses for fun activities? If you have business, description of business, benefits (gains) and possible manage resources and keep initial
affecting you or your family money left over and it was yours costs (construction), market costs (losses). losses to a minimum. What are
members. to decide, what would you do with (potential customers), sources of the costs and the benefits in
it? revenue (funding, tickets), costs economic and human terms?
(land, rails, tracks, engineers, and
workers), and possible profits. Choose a contemporary example
of government support for
Constructing the Canadian Pacific regional development. Why do
Railway (CPR) was the biggest governments provide support?
business project at the time.
Paying for goods and services: Choice related to money involves Make a list of the many forms of
Money (currency and bank trading one thing for another. money in today’s economy: coins,
notes/dollar bills/credit cards) are bills, plastic, electronic.
used to purchase goods today. The outcome of a choice related
Flashback – Bartering to money may have Ask a question: What happens
goods/products led to the consequences that can be both when a colony/province/family
introduction of money. intended and unintended. lives beyond its means (borrows
money and spends more than it
Borrowing money to buy goods earns in income)?
carries risks as well as rewards.
Lending money is the same.
Borrowing more than you can
afford is unwise.

Grade 3 Grade 4
Spending money: Consumers

today have plenty of choice, far
more than in colonial times: spend
(on cars or iPhones), save (for a
house), invest (in a company),
and donate (to a charity/good
cause).
Choosing to keep some money for

yourself for later (pay yourself
first) before you spend it can be
an important first step to prudent
money choices and a wise lifelong
habit.

Grade 5 Grade 6
Guiding Questions What was the impact of the Great Migration on early modern Canada? How do the United States and Canada compare in their origins, early development, and founding events?
Learning Outcomes Students investigate and explain the impact of the Great Migration and the War of 1812 in shaping society, Students examine and explain the extent to which the United States and Canada share a continent and
culture, and institutions in British North America. emerged out of both commonly shared and distinctly different historical experiences.
The Great Migration (1800–1850) The Great Migration of British Examine the evidence: Read Early colonial America: The American Thirteen Colonies Explore the origins of American
and the arrival of eight million peoples shaped the society, aloud and study short age- • Jamestown (tobacco/Virginia) were colonized by many different national character: How much did
immigrants from England, customs, structures, and practices appropriate passages (in the • Plymouth dissenting groups, many seeking Governor John Winthrop and the
Scotland, and Ireland to British of the population, most clearly original language) from Susanna (Pilgrims/Massachusetts) political rights and religious Puritans of Massachusetts Bay
North America and the American shown in the pioneer experiences Moodie’s famous accounts, • Massachusetts Bay (John toleration, including Pilgrims, Colony contribute to shaping the
Thirteen Colonies. The population in Upper Canada. Most of the Roughing It in the Bush and Life Winthrop/Puritans) Puritans, and Quakers. idea of an American identity?
of British North America (Upper settlers were men, but the in the Clearings. Why was • New Amsterdam (Manhattan)
Canada, Lower Canada, Nova populace also included pioneer Susanna Moodie so discouraged • Pennsylvania (Quaker/William French settlements survived and Compare how French minority
Scotia, New Brunswick, and women like Susanna Moodie, in the early years and what Penn) persisted in both countries long populations fared in both countries
Newfoundland) was 461 000 by clearing a farm near changed to lift her spirits? • Florida after the political division of the in the USA and Canada—the
1806, but rose to 750 000 by 1821 Peterborough, Upper Canada, in continent. Cajuns of Louisiana and the
and reached 2 300 000 by 1850. the 1830s, and living in the more Explain continuity and change Early French settlements in Acadians of Maritime Canada.
The flood of immigrants came settled town of Belleville, Upper with a timeline showing the events colonial America:
from a cross-section of classes, Canada, in the 1840s. in the War of 1812 from 1812 Cajuns in Louisiana
propertied and impoverished, and (invasion of Upper Canada) to Acadians in British North America
nationalities, English emigrants, The War of 1812–1814 1815 (battle of New Orleans).
Catholic and Protestant Irish, commenced with an American
Highland and Lowland Scots, and attack on Upper Canada, led to a Identify the turning points in the
German-speaking Lutherans. retaliatory series of British attacks continental war.
Newcomers survived rough on the east coast of the United
Atlantic sea crossings and laid States, and resulted in a draw with
claim to land in the so-called “new no changes in boundaries. It may
country.” have reinforced a sense of
solidarity among British North
Colonial War of 1812–1814 and Americans and produced symbols
the peace settlement: of national pride.
• causes of the War of 1812 and
the declaration of war
• key military events, including
battle of Detroit
• British alliance with Tecumseh
• Sir Isaac Brock at Queenston
Heights (1812)
• Tecumseh’s death
(Moraviantown 1813)
• British campaigns of 1814
• Peace Treaty of Ghent (1814)

Grade 5 Grade 6
The tale of a young Upper legend of Laura Secord, Canadian Watch the video, the “Laura The battle for Quebec, September The battle for Quebec claimed the Examine and analyze Benjamin
Canadian woman, Laura Secord, heroine of War of 1812, Secord” episode in the Canadian 1759: General James Wolfe and lives of both the French and West’s famous painting “The
warning the British before the separating myth from reality, and Historica Heritage Minutes Series, his British forces scale the British military commanders, and Death of Wolfe” to see how an
battle of Beaver Dam (June 23, why her warning the British was and discuss whether it fairly Quebec cliffs and defeated the one famous 1770 painting, Anglo-American artist saw the
1813) is legendary. not honoured until 1853 represents her role. French under Marquis de Benjamin West’s “The Death of battle and particularly Wolfe’s
Montcalm on the Plains of Wolfe” captured the scene in vivid death at the moment of victory. :
Her reputation inspired the Ask questions: Abraham, leading eventually in fashion from the British viewpoint. • Does it present the fallen Wolfe
creation of Laura Secord • Why do stories like Laura September 1760 to the surrender as a martyr?
chocolate candies. Secord become popular? of Quebec. The conquest of 1760 turned • Were those grouped around him
• What role do they play in Quebec British, and Americans in actually present at that time?
shaping our understanding of Conquest and revolution: two the Thirteen Colonies (from • Why could it be regarded as one
history? different transformations—the Massachusetts to Florida) chose of the best-known images in
• What other stories could we tell British conquest of New France to become independent of British 18th-century art?
about the War of 1812? and the American Revolution and rule on the continent. It’s
their impact on each society— commonly agreed that the
remaining British (Loyalist American Revolution created two
tradition) and breaking away societies, the United States of
(republican patriot tradition) from America and what became the
the British colonial empire Dominion of Canada.
Struggle for reform and the union Stirrings for democratic reform Read aloud and discuss the American invasion of Canada, American independence forces Analyzing the situation:
of the two Canadas, in act of sparked two different rebellions in appropriate passages of 1775: American General Robert invaded Canada via two routes, • Why did the Americans think
union, 1820–1841: Upper Canada and in Lower speeches and writings touching Montgomery led an invasion in a trying to take Montreal and that the conquest of Canada in
• origins of the conflict over Canada, each with similar on the roots of the Rebellions of campaign launched as part of the Quebec City, because they 1775 would prove easy?
political reform—British colonial sources, except for the racial 1837: Sir Francis Bond Head War of Independence. Americans believed the French-Canadians • How were the American forces
rule (family compact and clergy conflict underlying the Patriotes (governor, Upper Canada), on the faced local resistance in Quebec would welcome Americans as actually turned back?
reserves) Revolt in Lower Canada. “Social Fabric” (A Narrative, and eventually abandoned the liberators.
• land owning system 1839), William Lyon Mackenzie, attempt at occupation. First Conduct an investigation into the
• American republican influences “Fiery rebel” William Lyon “Rise Freemen from North of the Nations were divided and allied on The Iroquois Confederacy aligned motivations of First Nations
• struggle for political rights, and Mackenzie of Toronto initiated a Ridges,” 1837; and Louis-Joseph both sides of the war. Some First with the British side in the (Joseph Brant and Six Nations) in
stirrings for radical change failed rebellion, but he planted the Papineau (Leader of patriotes) on Nations remained neutral in the American War to assert their siding with the British in the
(William Lyon Mackenzie in seeds of democratic reform in the “Democratic Institutions,” Speech conflict. Founding father Benjamin sovereignty and push back American War of Independence.
Upper Canada/rebels, and populace. to Legislative Council, La Minerve, Franklin visited Montreal in a against American settlement Retell the life of Joseph Brant in
Louis-Joseph Papineau in 1833). failed attempt to turn the elite into further west. your own words.
Lower Canada/Patriotes) joining the War of Independence
Examine images of the Patriotes against Britain. Loyalists included African- Examine the evidence: Who were
William Lyon Mackenzie’s Yonge that have been used to depict the Americans opposed to slavery the United Empire Loyalists?
Street Rebellion (1837): why it rebellions. What messages do The American War of and First Nations allies of the Compare the perceived image of
failed and what it contributed to such drawings communicate Independence and coming of the British Crown, including Joseph the “Loyalist” as being British with
democratic reform about the people and events, and Loyalists: Brant, chief of the Mohawks. the reality of the diversity of
why are such images still well • The Iroquois Confederacy allied groups drawn to the British side in
known in Quebec today? with the British forces in the war. Loyalists of many backgrounds the American War of
• Thousands of United Empire (British, Indigenous, German, and Independence.
Examine historical images of the Loyalists settled in Quebec, African) settled in Quebec, Nova
burning of the Parliament Nova Scotia, and New Scotia, and New Brunswick.
buildings in Montreal, Canada Brunswick.
East, in1848. Why were British • Settlement of the St. John River
loyalists upset enough to torch the valley provided the base of the
colonial assembly? population for the creation of
New Brunswick, 1784.

Grade 5 Grade 6
Responsible government: Achieving responsible government Draw a diagram to illustrate the Continental War: the War of Thomas Jefferson was confident Weighing perspectives:
• Lord Durham’s Report of 1839 was a step toward democratic idea of responsible government 1812–1814 and its impact on that the United States would • Why would Americans like
• the Union of the Canadas government because it ensured showing Upper Canada in 1836 Canadian self-image: prevail in the War of 1812. In Thomas Jefferson assume that
(1841) that the Governor General was and in 1849. • heroism of Sir Isaac Brock at August 1812, the former president Canadians could be wooed into
• Governor General Lord Elgin required to rule with the “advice battle of Queenston Heights boasted to the editor of a joining the United States?
and the achievement of and counsel” of an elected body— (1812) Philadelphia newspaper that “the • When Americans looked at the
responsible government in the in this case, the elected members • the burning of the two capitals acquisition of Canada would be a northern British colonies, what
Canadas (1848) of the Assembly. Today, in • Fort York and French-Canadian mere matter of marching.” It did they see?
• In Nova Scotia, Halifax Ottawa, it’s the House of resistance inspired by proved otherwise. • Why were the vast majority of
publisher and reform advocate Commons. Lieutenant Colonel Salaberry in British North Americans
Joseph Howe and reformers led the victory over the Americans unmoved by appeals from
the movement. at the 1813 Battle of Washington?
Chateauguay
• The American invasion of Upper
Canada ended with the British
victory in 1814 at Lundy’s Lane
on the Niagara Frontier.
Origins of British Columbia: Colonial expansion sparked Describe how James Douglas Symbols of nationhood: The War of 1812 produced an Examining historical significance:
• James Douglas, governor of debate over the future of British expanded and developed British • the retaliatory raid on enduring mythology and a number • What should we remember from
Vancouver Island (1851–1863) rule in Pacific coast colonies Columbia and its coastal trade, Washington blackened the of symbols of emerging Canadian the War of 1812?
and governor of British (Oregon, Washington, and British sometimes at the expense of the White House national sentiment, including • Which of the symbols and
Columbia (1858–1864) Columbia). The British claim was interests of local First Nations. • the battle of Fort McHenry landmark battle sites, monuments, monuments deserve to remain
• growth and expansion of Pacific staked by James Douglas, How should we remember his (1814) produced an anthem, and war medals. as a historical marker?
colony overseeing an expanding fur trade complex legacy? Star-Spangled Banner • Which monuments should be
• establishment of borders and empire. Douglas negotiated land • the legacy of Indigenous-British built but are missing?
boundaries—the forty-ninth purchase treaties and the British alliances was cemented by
parallel to the Pacific formed the agreed to draw the line at the Shawnee chief Tecumseh
border between United States forty-ninth parallel. • The war led to the erection of
and Canada Brock Monument and awarding
of the War of 1812 medals.
Governor Douglas was an
important historical figure; born
into the wealthy Scottish merchant
class on his father’s side and his
mother was “free coloured”
Barbadian Creole, which means
she was of African descent
Confederation and adding to the The Dominion of Canada began Continuity and change: Make a American Civil War and Canadian The United States Congress,
Dominion, 1867–1873: The British July 1, 1867, with four original timeline to explain the sequence Confederation (1861–1867): The controlled by the Democratic
North American colonies, facing provinces (Ontario, Quebec, Nova of events in rounding out the US Civil War was fought between party, ruled in the Fugitive Slave
threats related to the American Scotia, and New Brunswick) and Dominion from 1867–1873. the northern states (Union) and Act that escaped slaves must be
Civil War (1861–1865), came first Prime Minister John A. Explain which territories were left the southern states returned to their owners.
together in a federal union with Macdonald succeeded in striking out until much later (1905–1949). (Confederates), who wanted to
four original provinces, Ontario deals to secure the admission of secede, largely because the
(Canada West/Upper Canada), Manitoba (1870), British Columbia southern economy was heavily
Quebec (Canada East/Lower (1871), and Prince Edward Island dependent on slavery, which
Canada), Nova Scotia, and New (1873). many in the north wanted to
Brunswick. The new Dominion of abolish.
Canada was officially born on July
1, 1867, now known as Canada
Day. Joining later were Manitoba
(1870), British Columbia (1871),
and Prince Edward Island (1873).

Grade 5 Grade 6
The US Civil War was the result of

a country founded on an ideal of
equality that still upheld slavery in
many of its states (3.5 million
slaves out of a population of 31
million). It was the bloodiest war in
history till that time, 750 000 dead.
The north won, and the
emancipation proclamation led to
the Thirteenth Amendment, which
abolished slavery.
the American threat and the

movement to unify the British
North American colonies under
the Crown of Great Britain
Social life in Confederation times: According to Mercy Coles, women Write a short scene for a play Continental tensions, 1849–1871: In the 1861 Trent Affair, Britain Examine the myth of the
Mercy Coles, daughter of PEI lived in “separate spheres” during starring Mercy Coles and focusing Border tensions arose over a and the United States came to the undefended border: Today,
Premier George Coles, journeyed Confederation times in the 1860s. on one of two age-appropriate succession of contentious issues: brink of war. This encouraged the Canadians and Americans take
overland to Quebec Conference real-life episodes: talking with • burning of Parliament buildings movement towards Canadian pride in maintaining peace along
(October 1864) and wrote a Premier Leonard Tilley (a (Montreal, 1848) Confederation. the forty-ninth parallel and in
journal of her perspectives of widower) and her father George • Annexation Manifesto (1849) having “the world’s longest
social life at the time in Ottawa Coles during the stagecoach ride • Fugitive Slave Act (1850) Instead of the northern United undefended border.” Take a
political circles. to Quebec City, or her spell of • Underground Railroad (1850– States, Canada became the main closer look at the period from
illness in the Quebec Hotel and 1860) escape destination for escaped 1775–1871. Was it an undefended
the visit of Dr. Charles Tupper to • ending of Reciprocity Treaty slaves via the Underground border back then?
check on her condition. between Canada and United Railroad, a network of friends and
States (1854) associates. African-American
• Ottawa chosen as capital of fugitive slaves followed the North
province of Canada Star (Polaris), a symbol of
• construction of Parliament freedom, to Canada.
begins (1859)
• Trent Affair
• risk of war (Britain and United
States 1861)
• outbreak of Civil War (1861)
• Fenian border raids (1866)
• migration of American settlers
northward
• Treaty of Washington (1871)
Debate over the real Father of It is much debated whether Examine and discuss J. W. 1609–1924: the American “Indian Indigenous peoples were Explain the historical significance:
Confederation: Three prominent Macdonald, Cartier, or Brown Bengough’s famous cartoon, wars”: displaced and forced onto Compare the American and
British North American politicians deserves most credit as the “Confederation, The Much- • Some 70 armed settlers reservations in both the United Canadian approach to recognizing
played key roles in the “father” of Confederation. Fathered Youngster.” What did attacked the Paspahegh capital States and Canada. The First Nations rights with respect to
achievement of Canadian each of John A. Macdonald, (August 9, 1610), burning the American Indian Wars were tragic traditional territory.
Confederation: Prominent Canadian political Georges E. Cartier, and George houses and cutting down encounters. The American
• John A. Macdonald (Kingston, cartoonist J. W. Bengough Brown contribute to the formation cornfields, beginning the first Republic encroached on
Canada West) provided his personal views in of the Canadian union? Anglo–Powhatan War (1610– Indigenous traditional territory and
• Georges E. Cartier (Montreal, caricature drawings, and one of 1614). dispatched the US cavalry to
Canada East) his political cartoons looked at • passage of Indian Removal Act escort First Nations to
• George Brown (the who was the real Father of (1830) reservations.
Globe/Toronto/Canada West) Confederation. • Sioux War (1876–1877)

Grade 5 Grade 6
• Battle of the Little Big Horn and

Custer’s Last Stand (1876)
• Sitting Bull and the Ghost
Dance movement
• Battle of Wounded Knee (1890)
• Isolated skirmishes continued
with the Apache Wars up until
1924, considered the end of the
long period of conflict between
the American government and
First Nations.

Grade 5 Grade 6
Guiding Questions How was early modern Canada affected by the Atlantic slave trade, abolition, and Canadian immigration How do Canada and the United States compare in their histories and policies relating to religious and
policy? ethnic pluralism?
Learning Outcomes Students examine how slavery, the fight for abolition, emancipation of enslaved people, and Canadian Students investigate Alberta’s and Canada’s ethnic and religious diversity.
immigration policy helped shape early modern Canada.
Slavery was officially abolished by Earliest Black migrants, known as Recognize the causes and effects A popular theory, proposed as a The metaphor of a mosaic versus Compare the myth and the
law in Upper Canada beginning in Black Loyalists, arrived in 1770s, of American slavery and its way of drawing a distinction a melting pot has value when realities of the Canadian mosaic
1793, (Governor John Graves settling in Nova Scotia, where implications upon British North between two different societies, applied to the cultural outlook and and the American melting pot:
Simcoe) and then across the they suffered hardships and America and Canada, especially the United States and Canada: It the pattern of immigration, Choose two Canadian provinces
British Empire beginning in 1807 discrimination. Some 1200 the voyage and settlement at suggests that there is a difference ethnicity, and willingness to and two American states for
(Slave Trade Act) and 1833 abandoned Nova Scotia for Sierra Birchtown, Nova Scotia. between the Canadian mosaic, accommodate differences. It comparison purposes. Study the
(Slavery Abolition Act), though it Leone in Africa, and remaining where ethnic groups have oversimplifies the reality because ethnocultural compositions of the
took longer for the practice to end settlers formed first generation of maintained their distinctiveness the two countries have shared respective populations at different
in some places. African Nova Scotians. while functioning as part of the similar immigration policies and points in their history.
whole, and an American melting experienced similar problems with • Does the popular metaphor hold
William Wilberforce (1759–1833) pot, where peoples of diverse racism, integration, and true?
was a leading British abolitionist, origins have allegedly fused to discrimination. • Would the metaphor hold better
who spoke passionately in the make a new people. if we were comparing Canada
British Parliament against the and the United States to more
slave trade. historically homogenous
European or Asian countries?
Arrival of the Black Loyalists
seeking freedom during and after
the American Revolution (1776–
1783):
• More than 3000 Black people
migrated to Nova Scotia.
• About 1500 settled in Birchtown,
Nova Scotia, and endured
hardship and discrimination.
• About 1200 of the Black settlers
left Halifax in 1792 to find a
better life in Sierra Leone.
• Remaining Black settlers formed
first generation of Black
Canadians and many remain
today in Nova Scotia.
• slavery in the southern United The route to freedom in Canada Historical thinking exercise: Today’s Canada and Alberta are Contemporary Canada and Examine the latest Canadian
States was known as the Underground Explore the Underground Railroad becoming increasingly ethnically modern-day Alberta aspire to be census data on ethnic diversity
• the Fugitive Slave Act (1850) Railroad and its end point was at experience. diverse and is projected to open, welcoming, and inclusive and projections for changes 20
and its impact in Canada Amherstberg, near the border become increasingly so over in societies, exemplifying years later.
• the Underground Railroad town of Windsor, in Canada West, the next 20 years. In Alberta, the multiculturalism and acceptance
• Abraham Lincoln and the which is Ontario today. Fugitive ethnic composition of the of differences.
Emancipation Proclamation slaves established farms all over population will shift significantly.
(1864) southeastern Ontario.
• the Thirteenth Amendment
abolishing slavery

Grade 5 Grade 6
• the persistence of laws and Canada’s latest ethnic Canada welcomes people from Make a pie graph to represent the
customs (“Jim Crow”) composition statistics and around the world to our changing ethnic composition of
maintaining segregation projections for growth 20 years multicultural society. At the same Alberta from the most recent
later time, most newcomers have to statistics compared to 20 years
show English or French language later, based on Statistics Canada
ability and meet education figures and projections. Clearly
qualifications to immigrate to indicate the shifts in ethnic
Canada and must pass a composition by ethnic group.
citizenship test to become a What are the biggest projected
Canadian citizen. changes?
Immigration and racism: Sikhs Restrictive immigration policy Tackle an ethical issue: Baring the The religious affiliation of most Freedom of religious practice is Examine the latest census data
and the Komagata Maru incident, affected the Sikhs and people of door to the Komagata Maru in Albertans is Christian, and the encouraged, but we sadly know on Albertan and Canadian
1896–1914: colour seeking refuge in Canada. 1914 was a clear act of racial largest denominations are Roman from history that acceptance can religious diversity.
• refusal of port authorities to Some 376 migrants on the discrimination. Explain why, Catholic, United, Anglican, come less easily—in part,
allow Komagata Maru to dock Komagata Maru were blocked for referring to the evidence of what Lutheran, and Baptist churches. because newcomers bring new Research and produce a report on
• arrival of the first Sikhs with two months from coming ashore. happened. Examine the There is growing ethnic and and unfamiliar religious faiths and religious diversity in the local and
some working on the railway, in The Pacific coast province composition of the groups that religious diversity in the practices. But fear of the unknown surrounding community using the
forestry and lumbering remained “British” and true to its made up the passengers. population. can be no excuse for intolerance. most recent Census Canada data.
• the first Sikh Temple name. • Why did they charter the boat? Students will specifically study
established in Vancouver (1908) • What was its route? Canada and Alberta’s latest other faith traditions so that
• What happened to them? census data on Albertan and unfamiliar practices become
Canadian religious diversity respected and understood in a
pluralistic society.
One of the largest Sikh temples in
Canada is located just outside
Edmonton. Most of Alberta's
Jewish population lives in Calgary
and Edmonton.
Christianity: principal teachings: Learning about what other people Describe the main ideas and
• Jesus Christ is Son of God believe and what their religions beliefs of Christianity.
• the Trinity (Father, Son, and mean in their daily life can break
Holy Spirit) down prejudice.
• Sermon on the Mount
• New Testament (including the
four Gospels, that tell the life of
Jesus)
• Christmas
• the Cross, crucifixion
• Salvation, heaven and hell
• well-known stories (parables)
and teachings: good Samaritan;
prodigal son; lost sheep; empty
tomb; rich man and eye of a
needle; meek inherit the earth;
first shall be last; conversion on
the road to Damascus.
Judaism: principal teachings of Learning about what other people Describe the main ideas and
the Jewish religion: believe and what their religions beliefs of Judaism.
• belief in one God mean in their daily life can break
• the Torah down prejudice.
• covenant between God and the
Jewish people

Grade 5 Grade 6
• Old Testament
• Ten Commandments
• law, justice, and social
responsibility
• following Kosher Law (dietary
law)
• Well-known stories: Garden of
Eden, Noah’s ark and the
rainbow, Abraham, Isaac, and
the Covenant; David and
Goliath; Exodus from Egypt;
Moses and parting of the Red
Sea, the Ten Commandments,
and the Promised Land;
Destruction of Solomon’s
Temple; Jonah and the Whale;
Psalms.
Islam: principal teachings of the Learning about what other people Describe the main ideas and
Muslim religion: believe and what their religions beliefs of Islam.
• The five pillars: 1) One God, mean in their daily life can break
Allah; 2) prayer; 3) alms (gifts); down prejudice.
4) fasting; 5) pilgrimage, Mecca
• the Quran (Muslim holy book)
• major Muslim stories from
Islamic texts: Yusuf and his
jealous brothers, Habil and
Qabil, Harut and Marut,
Suleyman, Dawud (David), jinn,
and the Ant story, the prophet
Yunus, Ibrahim’s courage,
miracles of Allah, story of the
heifer, belief in angels,
Mohammed and the Archangel
Gabriel in the cave
Hinduism: principal teachings of Learning about what other people Describe the main ideas and
the Hindu religion: believe and what their religions beliefs of Hinduism.
• Dharma (ethical conduct); mean in their daily life can break
karma (the consequences of down prejudice. Describe the main ideas and
one’s actions in life for the future beliefs of Buddhism.
of one’s soul); immortality of the
soul (atman) through cycles of Describe the main ideas and
rebirth or reincarnation beliefs of Sikhism.
(samsara) until the soul
achieves liberation (moksha)
from this cycle.
• Hindus believe in a supreme,
all-encompassing being called
Brahman, as well as many gods
and goddesses, including Shiva,
Vishnu, Brahma, Ganesh,
Rama, and Krishna.
• The Hindu holy books are called
the Vedas

Grade 5 Grade 6
• Hinduism is the oldest of the

major world religions, with its
origins pre-dated recorded
history; it has no human founder
and has many traditions and
practices.
Buddhism: principal teachings of

the Buddhist religion:
• By following a series of ethical
disciplines and spiritual
practices (the Three Universal
Truths, the Four Noble Truths,
and the Eightfold Path) a
sentient being can transcend all
suffering and attachment to
impermanent things and attain
nirvana, a non-self or
enlightened emptiness free of all
attachments.
• Buddhism grew out of Hinduism
and is based on the teachings of
called the Buddha, whom
Buddhists believe was born
Siddhārtha Gautama and lived
in the 4th or 5th Century BC in
what is now modern day Nepal
and India.
• Meditation is a common spiritual
practice of Buddhism, and
monasticism has played an
important part in the teaching
and preservation of the religion.
Sikhism: principal teachings of the

Sikh religion: One God, religious
faith founded by Guru Nanak, Dev
Ji, eleven gurus have guided
Sikhism; Five Tenets of Sikh faith:
compassion: Bhai Daya Singh;
duty: Bhai Dharam Singh;
courage: Bhai Himmat Singh;
honour: Bhai Mohkum Singh;
royal: Bhai Sahib Singh; three
golden rules or guiding principles:
• Kirit Karo: work hard and
earn/make a living honestly,
without exploitation or fraud
• Vand Chakko: sharing with
others, helping those with less
who are in need

Grade 5 Grade 6
• Naam Japo: meditating on

God's name to control the five
weaknesses (thieves) of the
human personality
Sikhism is a distinct religion, even

though it exhibits Islamic and
Hindu influences. The Sikh
community has both religious and
secular followers. It is a relatively
new religion that arose at the
same time as Protestantism in the
Christian faith.
Confucianism and Taoism: Learning about what other people Describe the main ideas and
principal teachings of Confucius: believe and what their religions beliefs of Taoism and the
Follow Dao de Jing, the Tao, or mean in their daily life can break principles of Confucianism.
“The Way.” The essential Analects down prejudice.
of Confucius:
• concept of ren (virtue, right
conduct, humaneness,
benevolence)
• concepts of family,
relationships, citizenship, and
government
Fundamental questions:
• What is the Dao or Tao?
• What is De, virtue?
• How is De related to Dao?
• Why does every person deserve
respect?
• Could some persons deserve
more respect than others?
• What is an ideal human?
• Is it possible to have an ideal
government or society?
Guidance is provided by
Confucius on each of these
questions. He exemplified the
ideal model of a “gentleman” (a
well-cultivated and virtuous
person, rather than someone
belonging to a particular social
class). The fundamental virtues:
• honesty, reciprocity, and
humaneness/benevolence
• strong belief in traditional ritual,
the family, and piety honouring
family and ancestors

Grade 5 Grade 6
Guiding Questions How were Indigenous people in early modern Canada affected by agreements, treaties, and legislation, How do Canada and the United States compare when looking at interactions with Indigenous peoples and
including the residential school system? other racial minorities?
Learning Outcomes Students examine how the negotiation of treaties and the imposition of the Indian Act and the residential Students compare residential school policy and the early fight for racial equality Canada and the United
school system impacted First Nations, Métis, and Inuit in Canada, both in the past and present. States.
First Nations and Indigenous land The Indian Act was created for the
Describe how the Indian Act Assimilation and American Religious organizations took Identify the ultimate goal of
rights: western expansion of purpose of controlling and placed limitations on First Nations Indigenous residential schools primary responsibility for American Indian policy: Why did
settlement and the displacement assimilating Indigenous peoplesand communities and defined their education of Indigenous children. the United States government
of Indigenous peoples (treaty and communities in Canada in legal status, rights, and privileges. Assimilation was the explicit goal seek to educate Indigenous
system) order to gain access to traditional of American Indian Affairs policy The Civilization Fund Act of 1819 children into mainstream
Indigenous territories. Examine the evidence: Why did with respect to educating was responsible for the American culture? What lessons
The Indian Act, 1876 defined how Cree chiefs such as Indigenous children in day and assimilation of Indigenous people can be learned from the
First Nations communities were The Canadian government signed Mistahi-maskwa (Big Bear) and boarding schools. The United of the United States and led to the experience?
governed, who is an “Indian,” and treaties with Indigenous Pîhtokahanapiwiyin (Poundmaker) States government passed the creation of residential schools.
who is excluded. Seeking to communities across Canada to refuse to sign Treaty No. 6 in Civilization Fund Act in 1819. Examine the impact of the
access more land, the Dominion gain access to lands for 1876? Explain why he claimed Federal funds were provided to Residential schools were compulsory attendance law and
government sought to assimilate settlement, resources, and that the white man had no right to benevolent groups and church managed by religious its effects on Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples into railroad expansion. the land in the North West. organizations to educate organizations and were tasked and cultures.
mainstream Canadian society. Indigenous peoples. with assimilating Indigenous
Amendments between 1880 and Read the terms of the treaty still in children into the mainstream Compare two Indigenous affairs
1905 banned Indigenous peoples place in your region of Alberta. In 1824, the American culture, referred to as a policies, the Civilization Fund Act
from conducting their own What do they say? Who are they government created a Bureau of “civilization process.” and the Canadian Indian Act of
ceremonies, leaving the reserve between? How are they still Indian Affairs to administer the 1876, to identify similarities and
without permission, purchasing relevant today? What does “We fund. Indigenous children were forced to differences. Compile a
alcohol, selling agricultural are all treaty people” imply? abandon their traditional comparison chart identifying the
products, wearing regalia, and In 1891, the American languages, cultures, and key similarities and differences in
traditional dancing. government issued a compulsory practices. the two approaches.
attendance law that forced
Indigenous children to be taken
from their homes and placed in
residential schools.

Grade 5 Grade 6
Origins of Indigenous residential The harsh realities of the Listen to an Interview with Chief Racial segregation on the North The Ku Klux Klan appealed to Examine the evidence:
schools: The Indian Act was Canadian Indigenous residential Wilton Littlechild on the residential American western frontier: the rise Americans and Canadians who • Where was KKK membership
amended in 1884 so that school system from 1884 to the school experience. How does and fall of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK): felt distracted by social changes the highest?
attendance at residential schools 1970s remained largely hidden Chief Littlechild tell how he Racial intolerance broke out into and the advances of groups they • Why did it find some support in
was mandatory for Indigenous until recent years. The full scope survived and eventually become a the open with the arrival of the believed were inferior. Deep racial Canada?
children from the ages of 7 to 16. of the tragedy was revealed in successful lawyer in Alberta and KKK, revived in Georgia in 1915, prejudice and a misguided and
June 2015 with the release of advocate at the United Nations? spreading from its southern base anti-scientific belief in the inherent
Impact on Indigenous boarding Justice Murray Sinclair’s major into the American and Canadian superiority of one race over
school students: report for the federal Truth and Examine the evidence: Consider West from 1920 to 1923. The KKK another fueled the movement. The
• Students in residential schools Reconciliation Commission the mistreatment of Indigenous targeted the Black community, KKK sought to enforce racial
were not allowed to speak their (2008–2015). residential school students. people of colour, and Catholic and segregation, such as keeping
own languages or practice their • Why is it important to know Jewish people. The slogan “One Black people and other groups out
culture. about what occurred? Flag, One Language, One School, of mainstream white society. In
• Parents who resisted turning • How does this knowledge One Race, One Religion” some places, it was such a
over their children to the Indian support reconciliation? attracted thousands who held powerful organization that,
Agents faced fines, mass meetings, carried torches, especially in the southern United
imprisonment, or threats of and tormented Black people and States, some politicians,
permanent loss of their children. other groups from the 1920s, until policemen, and even judges were
• Conditions of the residential well into the 1930s in Canada. members.
schools were poor and family The activities of the KKK are
visitors were restricted or diminished and are no longer
denied. openly practised in Canada. In
• Instruction styles and structures Canada, it is unlawful for one
were different from traditional group to promote hatred of
learning systems of Indigenous another group.
communities.
• Students were forced to
abandon their languages and
traditional customs and
practices.
The curriculum was focused on

vocational occupations.
Thousands of residential school
students died and those that re-
entered mainstream society are
known as “survivors.”
Disease, malnutrition, lack of

medical care, and neglect of
children contributed to thousands
of deaths. Former residential
school students are known as
“survivors” and the whole system
remains a black mark on
Canada’s national reputation as a
compassionate, tolerant, and
caring society.

Grade 5 Grade 6
The impact and abuses were The tragedy of Canada’s Read aloud passages from the
documented in the 2015 Truth and Indigenous residential schools is Final Report of the Truth and
Reconciliation Commission report, better known since the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (2015)
which issued 94 “Calls to Action.” Reconciliation Commission and take notes to summarize the
investigations and report. key findings and most important
Personal testimonies are recommendations.
revealing and one of the most
powerful is Chief Wilton Littlechild, Asking fundamental questions:
a Cree from Erminiskin Reserve, How have Indigenous people
Alberta, raised largely at been affected by the loss of
residential schools from 1951– language and culture?
1964.

Grade 5 Grade 6
Guiding Questions What are the similarities and differences between First Nations and Canadian forms of government? How does the American political system compare to Canada’s political system, and what are some of the
most important reasons for those differences?
Learning Outcomes Students compare and contrast governing structures, laws, and practices of the Iroquois Confederacy and Students compare democracy and rulership, constitutions, the rule of law, community responsibility, and
Canadian forms of government. individual rights in Canada and the United States.
The Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) The Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) Examine the evidence: Identify the American Declaration of The American Revolution spirit, Identify the significance of the two
Confederacy, established by Five Confederacy is a model of a good main provisions of the Great Law Independence: Thomas expressed in the Declaration of different reactions to the
Nations in Upper State New York government—a federated union of Of Peace (Haudenosaunee Guide Jefferson’s Vision, 1776: Independence, may have given conditions that gave rise to the
borderlands, provides a window nations, united with common for Educators). birth to two countries, the United American Revolution.
onto Indigenous governance democratic principles, laws, and The core ideas of American States by design and Canada by • Why were Americans inspired to
structures and democratic practices aimed at maintaining Asking questions: democratic creed were captured accident, in reaction against the take up arms and overthrow
principles. The law was written on peace and harmony and providing • What opportunities did the in the famous Declaration that revolutionaries. British rule in the Thirteen
wampum belts, conceived by standards of conduct. It was people have to participate in gave birth to the Republic: Colonies?
Dekanawidah, known as cooperative and the nations were decision making? “When in the Course of human A segment of the American • Were the American colonies
the Great Peacemaker, and his bound together in an • To what extent did the events, it becomes necessary for population, called British Tories, suffering under British rule and,
spokesperson, Hiawatha. interdependent relationship with confederacy embrace the one people to dissolve the political resisted American independence if so, how?
give and take between the principles of equity and bands which have connected and some migrated to Canada as • How might have the King of
The Great Law of Peace, or member nations. fairness? them with another … a decent United Empire Loyalists. England, George III, acted
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) respect to the opinions of mankind differently?
Confederacy constitution, The confederacy was a Weighing the viewpoints: Did the requires that they should declare The Loyalist refugees included
provided a statement of the core matriarchal (women-led) society, Great Law Of Peace shape the causes which impel them to two notable groups who refused to Asking key questions about
principles of cooperation and set unlike early European society American democracy? the separation ...” join in the Revolution, former Thomas Jefferson and the
of laws committed to mutual headed by men with a patriarchal American slaves of African Declaration of Independence: The
support for group strength and line of authority, kings, and male- “A Prince whose character is thus heritage, and a colony of Iroquois, document proclaimed that “all
support, survival, and respectful dominant culture. marked by every act which may led by chief Joseph Brant, men are created equal,” yet its
relationships with others. The define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the displaced by the war who settled prime author was a Virginia slave
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) Women were the heads of society ruler of a free people ...” around Brantford as the Six owner.
Confederacy was made up of five as they were recognized for their Nations of Grand River. • Did Jefferson see the
nations: Mohawk, Oneida, gifts. Clan mothers were “We hold these truths to be self- contradiction (“I tremble for my
Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. responsible for selecting a male evident, that all men are created The French observer Alexis de country when reflect that God is
A sixth nation, the Tuscarora, was leader as spokesperson or chief. equal, that they are endowed by Tocqueville, studying the just: that his justice cannot sleep
added in 1722. The system modelled showing their Creator with certain American prison system, noted for ever”)?
respect, sharing supplies, and unalienable Rights, that among the more humane approach in the • How was this quote realized in
The Great Law Of Peace avoiding conflict as ways of living these are Life, Liberty and the treatment of convicts. While the bloody American Civil War?
established how the confederacy together. Everyone was expected pursuit of Happiness ...” French prisons were brutal and • How long did it take for these
would be governed, how conflicts to perform specific functions to harsh places full of human ideals to be realized in the
would be resolved, and how ensure community well-being and Democracy in America: abuses, he noted that the United United States?
peace would be upheld. Each security. • Alexis de Tocqueville’s Vision States considered isolation and
nation would maintain its own (1835): One of the classic removal of freedom to be a harsh Debate the issue: Write a short
council, with chiefs chosen by the descriptions of the American enough sentence. speech defending the American
clan mothers, to address democratic way of life was Revolution or rejecting the appeal
community matters. The grand written by a French aristocrat, of the American patriots bent on
council addressed overall issues Alexis de Tocqueville, after a breaking away from British rule
affecting the whole confederacy tour of the United States in the and traditions.
and was intended as a way to 1830s.
unite the different nations and Weighing different perspectives:
create a peaceful means of •How did American society and
decision making to live in its prisons look to the French
harmony. social reformer Alexis de
Tocqueville?

Grade 5 Grade 6
The Iroquois Confederacy was a • His book, Democracy in • Why did he view the new world
matrilineal society, where women, America, presented a society differently?
clan mothers, had considerable description of American
political authority and influence democratic ways and view of
and the clans were made up of the equality of people in
extended family who took mainstream society.
responsibility for protection,
leadership, peacemaking,
wisdom, and spirituality.
Membership in a clan could be
hereditary or through community
appointment, marriage, or
adoption.
The people of the longhouse: A

longhouse was a dwelling for
several families and also
functioned as a central place for
decision making and cultural
gatherings.
Original Canadian constitution: The original British Westminster Examine the evidence: Compare Two constitutions: the American Each political system, a republic Draw a comparison: Explain the
The British North America Act, model simply conferred on the two different views of republic and Canadian and a constitutional monarchy, qualities and drawbacks of each
passed into law March 29, 1867, Dominion government “all the Confederation of Governor constitutional monarchy have their own strengths and system using an authoritative
and effective July 1, 1867 rights and privileges” found in the General Lord Monck and John A. flaws. handbook, such as How
(Dominion Day, later Canada Day) British tradition embodied in Macdonald. Responsible government means Canadians Govern Themselves,
constitutional monarchy with the cabinet is responsible to the Canada is a constitutional by Senator Eugene Forsey.
The British North America Act parliamentary power at the heart Develop and produce a short elected House in Canada. monarchy while the United States
established a constitutional of government. comparison chart comparing the is a republic. Draw comparisons in a chart
monarchy with a British compromise: Canadian In Canada, the government listing the key differences and
parliamentary system, composed “Peace, order, and good constitution with the Iroquois governs in the name of the The Westminster system is known similarities between Canada’s
of a Parliament with two legislative government” are considered the Great Law of Peace, using the Sovereign (Her Majesty’s as “a republic in disguise,” while constitutional monarchy and a
bodies, the House of Commons core political values, in stark following headings: Government and Her Majesty’s the US has something like an republican form of government.
(elected lower house with contrast to the United States • basic philosophy loyal Opposition). Ministers of the “elected monarch with term limits.”
Members of Parliament from principle of “life liberty and the • federal system Crown are accountable to Explain to what extent the
across Canada) and the Senate pursuit of happiness.” • main decision-making body Parliament, and the government Westminster system is actually “a
(appointed upper house), • process for making decisions must call a new election if it loses republic in disguise,” while the US
representing the provinces. The Canadian government system • role of women in political society the “confidence of the House” has something like an “elected
is modelled after the British (Eugene Forsey, How Canadians monarch with term limits.”
The Canadian system is a federal system with ideas borrowed from Project learning: Complete a Govern Themselves).
system with a federal/national the United States and also found project, produce a short report, Assessing significance: Why is the
government and provincial in Australia. and a plan for an interview with a The US has a veto system to phrase “peace, order, and good
governments with power shared major historical figure in Canada’s ensure checks and balances on government” considered important
between the two levels. In the early history. Choose one of the arbitrary rule. in Canada?
preamble to Section 91, the following figures:
national government is • John A. Macdonald
responsible for “peace, order, and • Louis Riel
good government.” • Big Bear
• Poundmaker
• Crowfoot
• Shanawdithit
• Aatsista-Mahkan
• Harriet Tubman
• Mary Ann Shadd

Grade 5 Grade 6
The official head of state • Josiah Henson

remained the King or Queen, as • Susanna Moodie
represented by the Governor • George Brown
General (King or Queen’s • George E. Cartier
representative) and the prime • Hector Langevin
minister governed with the • Mercy Coles
support of the elected council • George Simpson
(cabinet) or the ministry. • Alexander Mackenzie
• F. W. G. Haultain
Governing authority is based upon • Amor de Cosmos
the fundamental principle of • Donald A. Smith
“responsible government” (powers • Sam Steele
of monarch limited by the • Gabriel Dumont
constitution), especially by the • George Vancouver
powers of Parliament. • James Douglas
• Simon Fraser
• John Molson
• Mildred Ware
• Pat Burns
• John Palliser
• Henry Wise Wood
• Matthew Begbie
• Wilfrid Laurier
• Honore Mercier
• A. C. Rutherford
• Charles Stanley Monck
• Stephen Angulialik
• Peter Pitseolak
• Lucy Maud Montgomery
• Nellie McClung
• Emily Murphy
• Henrietta Muir Edwards
• Louise McKinney
• Irene Parlby
Government has three branches: The core principles of Canadian Explain the rationale of having Federalism: Canada has A federal system requires different Compare federal systems:
• executive (Governor-General-in- government were guaranteeing three branches of government and 10 provinces and the US has 50 political bodies to work together. • How do the two different forms
Council/cabinet, including the the rights and privileges of British a system of checks and balances. states, plus territories. of federalism compare?
prime minister) parliamentary democracy, three • What’s similar and different
• legislative (two houses of distinct branches of government, Each political community (country, between the United States and
Parliament) checks and balances, and a province, state) has responsible Canada?
• judiciary (courts, including the federal system with power shared government and is sovereign in its
Supreme Court) between two levels of own sphere.
government, national and
provincial.

Grade 5 Grade 6
Checks and balances in the

system: The Governor General is
appointed, but the executive is
elected and drawn from
Parliament, normally the elected
House of Commons. Since the
executive (prime minister and
cabinet/ministry) is drawn from
Parliament, it can be defeated in
the elected House. It’s different
than in the United States, where
the president can only be
removed by Congress via formal
impeachment and conviction
process.
Recent changes in the Canadian

constitution: In 1982, Canada
patriated its constitution from
Britain and nine of the 10
Canadian provinces agreed with
the federal government to a new
constitution, which included most
of the British North America Act
(now the Constitution Act, 1867)
and adding new provisions, most
notably the Canadian Charter of
Rights and Freedoms. Now laws
passed by Parliament and most
actions of the government
(executive) must comply with the
provisions of the Charter.
Separation of powers: Political Separation of powers was inspired Explain the background context:
powers are separated in both by the constitution of Athens and Explain clearly where the idea of
systems as a check on arbitrary the Roman Republic. The the separation of powers comes
decision making and to make it American founding fathers were from in ancient times and how the
harder for one group of people, or educated in this classical political Americans applied it to their new
faction, from gaining absolute history and it informed how they republic.
power. built the constitution of their
“modern” democracy. Drawing conclusions: Explain how
The Canadian Parliamentary- the Canadian (British
cabinet government is The system in Canada is different Westminster) system is built
accountable to the House of from the United States as the around a concentration of power
Commons and ensures this concentration of power is in the in the executive.
principle. executive (the “government” or the
“cabinet” or the “ministry,” made Cause and effect:
The United States has separation up of ministers and the prime • How long have Canada’s First
of powers in Congress, minister, which is accountable to Nations had the right to vote in
presidency, and Supreme Court. Parliament). Members of the federal elections?
Only Congress may declare war House of Commons are, in turn, • How did they acquire the right to
(though this has not been the accountable to the people via vote in federal elections?
practice since World War II) and elections. • Who supported extending voting
ratify treaties. rights?

Grade 5 Grade 6
Appointments must be confirmed • What were the obstacles, and

by the US Senate. how were they overcome?
• Compare the Canadian situation
The US Supreme Court is part of with that in the United States.
the judiciary, which is one of the
three branches of government.
In the US system, Congress was

given most of the power (the
power to legislate and the “power
of the purse”), although the
presidency has increased in
authority over time, with the
growth of the federal
administration in the 20th century.
Similarly, the judiciary (especially
the US Supreme Court) has come
to exercise much more power
over Congress and the executive
branches than originally intended.
In Canada, the executive branch

has the exclusive power of
appointment, declaration of war,
and making treaties. (For a treaty
to be binding in Canadian law, it
must be incorporated into law by
Parliament, like any other law.)
The British North America Act

(BNA), 1867 allowed for Canada
to create its own Supreme Court.
Initially, the Supreme Court was
formalized in 1875 under
Alexander Mackenzie’s Liberal
government. A Judicial Committee
of the Privy Council in the United
Kingdom served as the place for
final appeals under Canadian law
until 1933 for criminal cases and
1949 for civil cases.
Voting rights did not always apply

equally for women, First Nations,
Métis, and Inuit, or for people of
colour.

Grade 5 Grade 6
Two houses of government: The The United States and Canada Compare the make-up of the
legislative branch of both systems both have bicameral systems to United States Congress (House of
is bicameral, meaning it has two ensure checks and balances Representatives and Senate) and
chambers rather than one against arbitrary use of power. the Canadian Parliament (House
legislative body or assembly. The president is restrained by of Commons and Senate).
Congress, and the prime minister • How are they similar?
The federal Parliament in Canada is accountable to the House of • How are they different?
has two houses, the House of Commons and the Canadian • Why are some provinces in
Commons and the Senate, and Senate reviews all legislation to Canada given more
the United States has two houses ensure “sober second thought” representation in the House of
of Congress, the Senate, and the before bills become law. Commons or the Senate than
House of Representatives. others?
The Canadian Senate is • What are the barriers to
Some of Canada’s provinces had appointed by the Governor-in- providing more representation to
upper houses but all are now Council on the advice of the prime underrepresented provinces?
unicameral. minister, and senators can serve
• fixed terms and fixed election up the age of 75, whereas the Debate the issue:
dates in the US United States Senate is elected • Does Canada need an
• elected Senate vs. appointed directly to six-year terms by the appointed federal upper house
Senate people of each state and senators or Senate?
can serve as many terms as they • What role does the Senate of
In Canada, members of are elected for. Canada actually play in our
parliament are elected while government system?
senators are appointed. In the • Why did the provinces do away
United States, Congress people, with their second houses?
the president, and senators are all
elected to provide regional
representation and each state has
equal representation (two per
state).
Regional representation in
Canada: Provinces are allocated
weighted representation in the
House of Commons, and the
Crown recognizes certain groups
left out of the system. Senate
representation is by region, not by
either equal representation (as in
the United States) or by
population.
First Nations have recognized

status. It was granted to First
Nations before they acquired
voting rights in the system
(section 35 of Constitution).

Grade 5 Grade 6
Overall powers in the two Federations like Canada and the Compare: List the powers of the
systems: Sections 91 and 92 of United States divide powers federal government and the
the Canadian constitution divide between the federal and powers of the provincial
powers of government between provincial/state governments in governments.
the federal government (which different ways. • Why do you think power was
used to sometimes be called the divided the way it was?
“Dominion government”) and the • How does the fact of federal
provincial governments. taxation let the federal
government influence how
Section 91 of the Canadian provinces exercise their powers
Constitution says, “It shall be (federal spending power)?
lawful for the Queen, by and with • How do cities (municipal
the Advice and Consent of the government) fit into this
Senate and House of Commons, (creations of provincial
to make Laws for the Peace, government)?
Order, and Good Government of
Canada, in relation to all Matters
not coming within the Classes of
Subjects by this Act assigned
exclusively to the Legislatures of
the Provinces.” It says “the
Queen,” but in practice this means
the federal parliament.

Grade 5 Grade 6
Guiding Questions What do geographic representations tell us about the natural features of Canada? What do historical maps show us about changes over time in terms of migration, conflict, and boundary
changes?
Learning Outcomes Students examine landform regions, major bodies of water, climate zones, and political boundaries in Students examine continental migrations of people, cross-border conflicts, and boundary changes in a
Canada. spatial context.
Traditional Indigenous lands in First Nation, Métis, and Inuit Examine a map of Canada Migrations of First Nations and Conventional maps showing Compare two maps: Examine
early Canada: geographic territories and regions can best be showing First Nations peoples at Inuit before European contact: Indigenous peoples before maps showing traditional
locations of the First Nations understood in connection to land, first contact with Europeans, and First Nations and Inuit in northern European contact living in distinct territories of Indigenous peoples
people at the time of contact with kinship ties, seasonal travel routes identify the regions inhabited by North America did not live in one areas tend to simplify the pattern and the migrations of Indigenous
Europeans: Times of contact vary, and settlements, trade networks, First Nations, Métis, and Inuit in place over the entire span of the of settlement and obscure the peoples before contact with
depending upon the region. For cultural groups, and language what is now Canada. 30 000 years before contact with movement of peoples over time. Europeans in northern North
the East Coast and the St. families. Most maps are • Why do the First Nations have Europeans. Archeological finds
America. Why is it so difficult to
Lawrence River-Great Lakes snapshots in time that do not two names? and surviving records have been Maps reveal the extent of
get an accurate picture in maps?
region, the date was 1534 capture the migration patterns of • Why did the names get used to reconstruct those displacement of Indigenous
(Jacques Cartier’s records). For Indigenous peoples over time. “anglicized”? movements. Some First Nations peoples in what is now the United
the southern Plains, it was 1754. were more settled in concentrated States. Draw conclusions: Examine a
For the West coast, it was 1778. Identify and trace the seasonal communities, while others map showing the displacement of
travel routes or trade networks of migrated from place to place in Indigenous peoples in North
First Nations, Métis, and Inuit. response to changes in climate, America.
• What caused the upheaval and
growing seasons, and the
Understand historical First Nations movement of animal herds. displacement of America’s
Indigenous peoples?
east-west and north-south trade
• How does the pattern compare
routes with other First Nations Displacement of the First Nations:
The disruptive process of with the experience to the north
communities. For example, in British North America and
communities now located in displacement is graphically
illustrated in the map tracing the early Canada?
Alberta traded with communities
forced relocation of various First
(Navajo, Blackfeet) located in the
Nations from 1770 to 1890. The
United States.
trail of tears of the Cherokee from
1816 to 1839 is well known, but
many others have gone
unrecognized in most history
books.
A geographic region A landform region is an area of Mapping skills: On an outline map Border disputes and conflicts: Historic maps showing changing Draw a map and explain the
encompasses landforms, bodies physical landscape space with of Canada, draw the main Sharing a continent with the boundaries over time are border conflict: Choose one of the
of water, climate, and natural unifying characteristics, such as landform regions, bodies of water, American Thirteen Colonies and important and useful in helping to border conflicts and conduct
barriers. continuous open water, mountain, and major river systems. the American republic has not understand border disputes and research to reconstruct the
plateau, valley, or lowland terrain. always been a peaceful colonial continental wars. sequence of events and examine
Landform regions of Canada: Conduct Internet research: experience. Since 1775, a number previous maps generated to
• Canadian Shield A climate zone is an area of Investigate the Indigenous names of cross-border conflicts can be explain your chosen conflict.
• Great Lakes physical landscape with of these bodies of water and the identified: Prepare to provide an illustrated
• St. Lawrence Lowlands identifiable common climate and reasons why Europeans renamed • American invasion of Quebec explanation of the conflict.
• Appalachian Region weather characteristics. them. during the Revolution (1775)
• Interior Plains • War of 1812: American invasion
• Hudson Bay or Arctic Lowlands Making connections: How are the of Upper Canada (1812–1813)
• Western Cordillera climate zones related to the and Lower Canada (1813)
• Innuitian Mountains region’s position on the globe and • Oregon boundary dispute
in relation to major bodies of water (1844–1846)
and physical landscape features?

Grade 5 Grade 6
Main bodies of water: Climate is a region’s weather over Research and write a report on • the Canadian Confederates St. The North American boundary line
• Atlantic Ocean a long period. Each of the zones Canada’s Arctic, focusing on one Albans raid (Vermont, 1864) between the United States and
• Pacific Ocean depends on conditions such as of the following themes: • Fenian raids in Niagara frontier Canada was a “defended border”
• Arctic Ocean proximity to large bodies of water, • climate and weather (battle of Ridgeway, 1866) up until the Treaty of Washington
• Gulf of St. Lawrence altitude, and latitude. The major • physical landforms • Alaska boundary dispute (1867– (1871) and it was marked by
• St. Lawrence River and Seaway determinant of whether a climate • geographic boundaries 1903) cross-border raids and boundary
• Great Lakes zone is hot or cold is its latitude, • Indigenous communities disputes. All of the boundary
• Hudson Bay and James Bay or geographic position north of the • economic activities disputes were eventually resolved
• Nootka Sound equator. • politics and government at the negotiating table. Since
• Salish Sea and Strait of Georgia 1871, the border has been largely
• major rivers, including the undefended, making it “the
Mackenzie, Fraser, Thompson longest undefended border in the
Columbia, and North and South world.”
Saskatchewan River systems
Climate zones of Canada: Seven

major climate zones have been
identified:
• Atlantic
• Great Lakes-St. Lawrence
Lowlands
• Prairie
• Cordillera
• Pacific
• Arctic
• Subarctic

Grade 5 Grade 6
Guiding Questions What does the economy look like in the different regions of Canada? What does economics tell us about the global economy and the continental relationship in North America?
Learning Outcomes Students examine the economic regions of Canada. Students compare the relative economic strength of the United States and Canada and examine where
North America fits in the world economy.
The three basic economic All economies respond to the Analyze the economy of Canada: The global or world economy is a The global economy is dominated Study the production (gross
questions: three basic questions in different Why is Canada’s economy often term used to describe the by a few major national domestic product) of the top 10
• What to produce? ways, and, in the case of Canada, described as a mixed market economic activity within and economies, led by the United nations in the world economy and
• How to produce? the economy is generally economy? between countries. States, China, the European the comparable figures for the 10
• For whom to produce? governed by the market with some Union, and Russia, based upon nations at the bottom in terms of
government involvement to How does the market respond to A world economy can include volume of domestic production GDP per capita.
Market economy: A type of promote sharing of services and the problem of scarcity? Who • trade of goods and services (gross domestic product). • Why do we use production and
economy most often associated resources. makes most of the economic • sharing of economic values production per capita as an
with Western countries, such as decisions—consumers or • production Inequalities exist between national economic indicator?
Canada and the United States. Scarcity is the condition of not governments? • distribution economies, separating the • Is it an accurate measure of
being able to have all of the goods • consumption advanced industrial economies relative prosperity?
Main characteristics of a market and services that are needed or from the developing countries. • What are other ways to
economy: desired. Production is the making of a The United States and Canada measure a society?
• originated with the rise of trade good or service. are both advanced industrial • Compare rankings of countries
and commerce in the market In a market economy, consumers economies with high rates of by happiness, corruption,
towns of the Middle Ages and businesses play a Distribution refers to supplying production measured in GDP per consumption, and carbon
• includes private property, determining role in economic life. goods or services to business to person. footprint (total and per capita) to
freedom of choice, competition, sell to consumers. rankings by GDP and per capita
limited government intervention Production and consumption are GDP.
• prices and wages mostly set by Consumption is the good or connected, and more advanced
supply and demand for goods service being used or consumed. economies produce more than What can happen to an economy
and services they consume and increase their over time if it is dependent on
Great inequalities exist among wealth, measured in national resources that can make big
national economies in the world income and income per swings up and down in value
and the problem is termed “the capita/person. (boom and bust)? What are the
widening gap.” advantages of a more diversified
economy?
Economic regions of Canada: Geographic circumstances can Examine the evidence: Compare Continental scale: comparing two Comparing the basic facts for Examine the evidence:
• Atlantic Canada affect the property and the production of Canada’s national economies, the United population, land area, and • How reliable is the ratio 10 to 1
• Quebec development of regions and economic regions, utilizing the States and Canada: some economic activity demonstrates in comparing the United States
• Ontario whether they are a reasonably latest gross domestic product important economic facts and that Canada is slightly bigger in with Canada?
• the West wealthy “have” region or an (GDP) and GDP per capita/person figures physical size, but the United • Study the basic facts and
• British Columbia underdeveloped or “have not” figures for each region. States has a much larger explain whether the ratio is a
• the North region. • Which regions are the biggest Most recent data for both the population and a much bigger reliable guide in comparing the
producers in terms of United States and Canada: economy. Close observers of two countries. Does it apply to
Prosperity and wealth of a region Limited resources and/or difficult production? • population size United States-Canada relations the scale of the economy,
can be influenced by its access can lead to scarcity and • Which regions have the highest • total land area commonly use a ratio of 10 to 1 in measured in production?
resources, their abundance and underdevelopment of some and lowest GDP per person? • total production (GDP according comparing the United States to • Should the 10 to 1 ratio be used
scarcity, including income, supply regions and communities. • Which regions are most to IMF) Canada. That ratio is based upon in drawing comparisons?
of labour, quality of land, and diversified? • gross domestic product, per relative population size.
growing season. capita
Identify and explain the disparities • government debt (as % of GDP)
that exist between and within the • total trade (exports and imports)
economic regions of Canada. • fresh water (per person)

Grade 5 Grade 6
Comparing world economic World economic systems can be Analyze economic systems of the
systems: Four main types of classified and better understood United States and Canada, and
systems were identified by by studying their essential develop a comparison chart
American economist Robert features and applying one of the examining the main features of
Heilbroner: four categories. Such each system. Do either of them fit
• traditional: custom and tradition, classifications can change over the pure type, or are they both
bartering over goods (market time, usually following a political mixed economies?
towns) upheaval or an abrupt shift in
• command: government economic policy by the
controlled and led or owned, government.
cooperative
(socialism/communism)
• market: private enterprise,
competition, consumer choice
(capitalism)
• mixed: a combination identified
as mixed market or mixed
command (social democracy or
enterprise)
Three distinct types were first

identified; then the last one added,
representing a mix of command
and the social market or the
market and command.

Grade 5 Grade 6
Guiding Questions Why do we save and invest in our everyday life? How do you prepare a budget for a small, local enterprise?
Learning Outcomes Students investigate how decisions about saving and investing are made and are important for individuals Students create a budget as an essential step in managing an enterprise in a market economy.
and a healthy Canadian economy.
Basics of banking: Saving and Online banking and automated Develop your financial literacy: A budget is a financial document Budgeting is a valuable economic Practice problem solving: One of
investing has its own vocabulary: teller machines (ATMs) are tools Examine a bank account in your providing an estimation of income practice that can help you the following local issues needs to
• bank account that can assist with money skills family or an example from and expenses over a future period “balance your books” and ensure be addressed and it’s your
• saving and decisions. elsewhere and a printout of of time, normally a year. the success of an enterprise. It is opportunity to try something new.
• chequing transactions. also helpful in encouraging sound Take on one of these personal
• balance Personal income is money and responsible financial decision challenges:
• deposits What’s the purpose of saving? received in exchange for providing making. • A youth club providing after-
• withdrawals How might saving help you to a good or service or through an school community basketball
• debt achieve a personal goal? Give investment. An expense is the programs are in financial
• service fees some examples of what might be cost required for a good or difficulty and needs help to turn
• debit card possible. service. things around. Prepare a budget
• credit card to address the problem, listing
• interest Enterprises make money when your revenues and expenses,
• e-transfers income from sales of products or and a plan to break even at the
services exceeds expenses. end of the sports season.
Canada’s first bank was the Bank • Identify a need in the
of Montreal, founded in 1817. Money is not good or bad. It is a community that is currently
tool, a resource—it can work for being unmet, large or small, and
you or against you. plan to take some action to
create a service or a product.
Turn your idea into a business
by preparing a budget to get it
off the ground, showing income
and expenses and a plan to
make a little money for yourself
for a community group.
Discuss how your money can

work for you. How can it work
against you (e.g., interest earned
vs interest paid)?
Interest on deposits and Interest on money in savings or Distinguish between deposits and The value of goods goes up or A wise financial practice is to Make a wise decision: Dreaming
investments: The formula for investment funds can be paid out loans: Identify situations where an down in the marketplace. A rise in consider whether buying an item of buying a new pair of Tessa
calculating interest involves to you or earned and retained in individual can earn interest or pay demand will increase its value and makes good sense or may result Virtue figure skates or a rare
principal (size of deposit), rate of your account. interest. make some money (appreciate), in personal losses. Buying a rare hockey card (Connor McDavid or
interest, and term of deposit. but repeated use of a good or hockey card or a piece of art Wayne Gretzky rookie card)? How
Calculate the interest to be paid service may cause it to wear out might be a good decision if it much will the skates depreciate in
back on a bank loan. or show its age (depreciate). appreciates or grows in value. a year when you outgrow them?
Motor vehicles and bicycles lose Goods showing wear and tear can Is the hockey card likely to
value when you drive them off the provide valuable or necessary appreciate in value over time?
car lot or cycle home for the first service, like a vehicle that gets Make a personal list of factors to
time. Money put into business or one to work or school, but go consider. It’s a lot of money, so be
rare collectibles can grow your down in value with time and use. sure it’s a wise move.
money (appreciate).

Grade 5 Grade 6
Borrowing for appreciating assets Discuss the potential risks and

is sometimes called “good debt.” benefits of “good debt.” What are
Borrowing for depreciating assets the potential risks and benefits of
is sometimes called “bad debt.” “bad debt?”
Loans: money borrowed from Borrowing money in the form of Be money wise with borrowing
others, including banks and loans can cost money in the form money from others, including
financial institutions: The loan can of interest on the amount banks.
come from family, friends, borrowed and over the term of the • Why is it wise to deal with
institutions, or alternative financial agreement. chartered banks or credit
services. unions?
• Why are “pay day loans” risky
and expensive?
Investments: Putting money into Interest earned can vary greatly Calculate the interest on various
investment funds, stocks, and with the investment and the accounts and investments:
bonds can be a way to earn estimated risk associated with the • What is the interest paid on
money for knowledgeable deposit or investment. Some regular chequing accounts,
investors. investments are “high risk” and savings accounts, and term
others “low risk” or “no risk” in the deposits?
market. • When does saving become
investing?

Draft Social Studies Kindergarten To Grade 6 Curriculum

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Draft Social Studies Kindergarten to Grade 6 Curriculum

Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2

Social Studies (Draft) | March 2021 Page | 1

Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2

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Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2

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Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2

with Abraham and Investigate how the

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Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2

and around the

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Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2

founded on European encounters with other

plagues: the Black

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Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2

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Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2

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Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2

routes of European The Silk Road derived Recognize and

The Great Wall of

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Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2

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Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2

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Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2

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Prime Minister John A. Macdonald

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Verchères was one such town,

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Following Riel’s death, the Métis

Father Lacombe (1827–1916),

language rights – Manitoba Act

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The Great Law of Peace is the

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Use a map scale: Take out a map

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Products exported include oil and How has Alberta’s economy

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Spending money: Consumers

Choosing to keep some money for

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The US Civil War was the result of

the American threat and the

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• Battle of the Little Big Horn and