7-32 Yes, because an intemually reversible, adiabatic process involves no irreversibilities or heat transfer. 760 Steam is expanded in an isentropic turbine, The work produced isto be determined, Assumptions 1 Thisis a stendy-flow process since thes ‘is no change with time. 2 The process is isentropic Analysis There is ore inlet and two exits, We take te turbine asthe system, whichis a control volume finoe muse erosses the boundary, The snerzy balance for thie steady-flow eystam san be expressed inthe fate formas baring Absgues™ Mpa Retaceiag teste Rac of age cioeoa Ke Ske’ | Retna eter eee sh, ~ my bbs swum Weg =, ~~ so kre — 100°C From amiss balance, tng = 005i = (.09)SKa's sig = 0.98, = (.98)Skats) 25ke's 7Skaie ‘Noting tha: the expansion proves i isentropic. the enthalpies at three states are determined as follows: 2682.4 bike (Table A-5) J 53270958 kikg \i =s979.3kike (Tablea-6) e9sskbika-K | Ayo 700 hy =3309.1kUka (Table A-6) sakes x | 12 = BOOTKINE (Table A Sabet Bigg = gh thy —Tyhy (5 kgio(3979.3 Vk) ~ (0.25 ke )(3309. 14 kg) — (4.75) (2682.4 Tea) — 6328 KW17-72 An iron block and a copper block are dropped into a lage lake, The total amount of entropy change ‘when both blocks cool to the lake temperature isto be determined. Assumptions 1 Both the water and the iron block: ate incompressible substances with constant specific heats at zoom temperature. 2 Kinetic and potential energies are neaisible. Properties The specific heats of iron and copper at 00m 0.386 Kilkg.°C (Table A-3) Anaiysis The thermal-energy capacity ofthe lake is very large, and thus the temperatures ofboth the iron ‘and the copper blocks will drop to the lake temperature (1$°C) when the thermal equilibrium is established. ‘Then the entropy changes of the blocks become ppetatte ae Con O45 KIKR.°C a0 Cong Sou = Mg of }=(ouayous eins “4.579 KK, 288K 1ST1K (m) Saga =n Z| =(20 910.386 KI 1 a = al | = (20s Kol ‘We take both the ion and the copper blocks, asthe spate. This is closed system since o mass crosses the system boundary during the process, The eneray balauce for this system can be expressed as FanFn = Ear hitter Stee lalate ~ Quay = AU = AU ga + Qo = ne Th +L TD Subsitating (50 ka O45 k/kg-K)353~288)K + (20 kg)\0.386 kllke -K)353~288)K =1964k Thus, = 6820 KK ‘Then the total entropy change for this process is Son * Scgper + ASite = ~4579-LS71+ 6.821 Sint 670 RIK7-ISC For an ideal gas, d= ¢, dTand v= RT/P. From the second Ts relation, Lutegiotin, eentyseyf 2 t . "UG! ‘Since ¢; is assumed to be coustant. 7-80C The entropy change relations of an ideal gas simplify to ‘As = ¢, l(T2/T) fora constant pressure process and Ar = eyla( T/T) for s constant volume process. Noting that cp «nthe extiopy change will be larger for a constant pressure provess7-98 can mstlatea nig tuk contaus argon gas ct a specitiea pressuce and Temperanue. A valve 1s pened. and arzem escapes until the pressure ops ta specified vale. The final mass in the tank isto ‘be determined. Assumptions 1 At specited conditions, argou can be treated 1s an ideal gas. 2 The process is given to be reversible and adiabatic, and thus isentopie. Thereiore isentropic relations of ideal gases apply. Properties The specific heat ratio of argon is = 1.667 (Table A-2). Anaiysis From the deal gas Beatropicteations, yearn ar 200 kPa “nok 450 KPa ‘The final mass in the ‘ark is determined from the iceal gas relation, RY _ mat Py, soak) a Ly ny = bay = (4 hg) = 2.46 Ie BU” wRT> ° ar," (asouPalai9K) e7-201 Airis expanded in an adiabatic nozzle by a polytopic process. The temperature and velocity at the exit are to be determined, Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process since there is no change with time. 2 There is no heat transfer ‘or shaft work associated with the process. 8 Airis an ideal gas with eonstant specific heats Properties The properties of ar at room temperature are ¢; = 1.005 kUkg'K and k= 1.4 (Table A-20) Analysis For the polytropic process ofan ideal eas, Pu" = Constant, and the exit emperatue is given by r yess ran 200% | 700s =279K There is only one inlet and one exit and hus in. We take nozzle as the system, which is a ‘control volume since mass crosses the boundary. The eneray balance for this steady-flow system can be expressed in the rate form as Fg= Fon = Mba OO? Whe wonad "Samal ex enages 70042) 1o0°e mie ee 200 kPa Solving forthe ext velocity, ry be 2a -noP? be +2eq4-rh* om) -suossunganrs-oral 436 mis