SHS

Introduction to the Philosophy of

the Human Person
Quarter 2: Module 3
Core Subjects: Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Grade 11: Quarter 2: Module 3
First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Reina C. Boac, T-II

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Lorna A. Gaspar, EPS in Charge of Introduction to the Philosophy of the
Human Person
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

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 Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person
Quarter 2: Module 3

ii
 Target
According to Collins dictionary society is people in general, though of
as a large organized group. This reflects attitudes and values prevailing in
society. Socialization is just as essential to us as individuals. Social
interaction provides the means via which we gradually become able to see
ourselves through the eyes of others, and how we learn who we are and how
we fit into the world around us.

At the end of this module, you will able to

a. Recognized how individuals form societies and how individuals are

transformed by societies.
b. Compare different forms of societies and individualities (Agrarian,
Industrial, and Virtual
c. Explain how human relations are transform by social systems.

Specifically, the objectives of this learning materials are the following

1. Define the meaning of Society

2. Identify the social influence to individuals
3. Identify the different form of society
4. Compare the different Forms of Society
5. Explain how human relations are transform by social systems.

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 Jumpstart
Activity 1

Direction: Give a brief answer to the question. Write your answer on a

separate paper.
1. Recall your last post in your blog, Facebook, or Instagram.
2. What are your reasons in posting in a social media?

Rubrics

4 3 2 1
Ideas were Ideas may be Ideas were Ideas were
Development clearly evident but present but poorly
of Ideas organized, on the vague developed and
point and organization of lack
supported thoughts need organization
with valid to be
reasons strengthened
Well written Well written Awkward Poor writing
and fully and most writing style with little to
Elaboration elaborated points and points no specific
points with elaborated are general. details
clear and with clear and Errors are
accurate detailed also present.
information information

2
 Lesson Societies: How they are formed
1 and how they transform
individuals.

Discover

In a science daily.com society, or a human society, is a group of people

involved with each other through persistent relations, or a large social grouping
sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same
political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
Human societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations)
between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society
may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent
members.
In sociological terms, society refers to a group of people who live in a definable
community and share the same culture. On a broader scale, society consists of the
people and institutions around us, our shared beliefs, and our cultural ideas.
Typically, more-advanced societies also share a political authority.
Society can be understood, following the German sociologist Franz
Oppenheirmer (1992, xiv) as referring to the totality of all natural relations and
institutions between man and man. The size and scope of a society differs. A small
group of academic scholars, for instance, can be called a society; while we also speak
of society, classified according to geographical location, culture, ethnicity, belief
system or religion, political ideology, and type of economy, among others. The basis
of classification usually corresponds to the common features of the members in a
society. Consequently, societies can overlap, such as when religious societies and
ethnic societies exist in one geographical society, which explains why it is natural
for a human individual to be a member of a different societies at the same time. in
each kind of society that he/she is a part of, the human person plays a set of roles,
the totality of which defines his//her social identity. In what follows, we shall
examine the kinds of society based on the primary means of subsistence of resources
of life’s necessities.

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 The information superhighway that we know today gives more focus on
computer hardware, software, and systems in terms of contribution to society as the
basic tools enabling fast and efficient transfer of information. Before personal
computers were mainly used for word processing. Nowadays the emergence of
portable computers enables many people to transact business everywhere.
According to Soren Kierkegaard rather than being ourselves, we tend to
conform to an image or idea associated with being a certain type of person. For
example, if we create the people we want to be or the ideal versions of ourselves in
our Facebook profiles, then we conform to pattern. To the extent that we do see
others and ourselves with generalizations; not recognizing existing individuals. For
him we are reduced to mediocrity. Our modern age remains an era of increasing
dullness, conformity, and lack of genuine individuals. (Socio 2007)
Life was much simpler before. One begins to comprehend how technology
evolved. From medieval facts crafts to the Industrial Revolution that was dominated
by factors such as revolutionary discoveries in natural sciences, detection, and
extraction of energy resources, invention of mechanical devices, availability of
investment capital, improved means of transportation, communication, and growing
interest taken by scientific and commercial circles in technology and engineering.
Philosophically, our totality wholeness or complete life relies on our social
relations. Aristotle said that friends are two bodies with one soul. Mutual sharing,
acceptance, and sincerity that Carol encourage are akin with the outlooks of Karol
Wojtyla’s We-You/I-You and Martin Bubers I-Thou relations.
Social relationships tend to be less intimate, with lesser self-disclosure
involved, but may still be exclusive, and may demand levels of loyalty. It is human
nature to relate with people. It is our way of making connections that satisfy an
important need: sense of belonging, acceptance, and affiliation. You will encounter
many different groups as you expand your social network. Our social relationships,
although dictated to a certain extent by our neutral reflexes, are also affected by
other factors such as social influence.

Forms of Social Influence

1. Conformity- is the act of adjusting your behavior, opinions, or beliefs to agree

with the prevailing norm or standard.
Why do people conform?
1. To be accepted

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2. To avoid social disapproval, ridicule, or rejection
3. To satisfy the need for approval from others are likely anxious or have o low
self-esteem.
4. By conforming you get a sense of security that you are one to the group.
Conformity gives you a safety net.
 In a positive way conformity fosters group cohesiveness. It makes the
members united in achieving goals.

2. Compliance - Occurs when individual gives in or agrees with the other person
or group, even if one holds a different opinion about the person or situation.
Unlike conformity wherein the person adjusts or changes attitudes and
beliefs, the person who is complying adapts to the actions or rules of another
but does not necessarily mean that the person agreed or has changed.

3. Identification- This takes place when a respectable, famous, or well-liked

person exerts great influence on others. The people follow the ways of the
popular figure.

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 Explore

Activity 1

Directions: Give a brief answer of the following questions. Use separate paper
for your answer.

1. How do you form a society?

2. How social influence does affects you in your daily lives?
3. How social influence shape you as a person?

Rubrics
Category 5 4 3 2
Topic Content is Content is Content is Content is
closely related to nearly related somewhat slightly related
the topic. to the topic. related to the to the topic.
topic.
Content The statement is The statement The statement Statement is
very well is pretty well is hard to slightly
organized. organized. understand. organized.

Deepen

Activity 2: My Dream Society

Directions: Draw your dream society. Use short coupon bond and give a
brief explanation why it is your dream society.

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Rubrics:

Excellent Good Satisfactory

5points 4 points 3 points
Content All requirements All Most requirements
present well written requirements presents, text
text and carefully present, contain some
chosen visuals work descriptive text inaccuracies or
together to illustrate
and lack organizations
and inform about appropriate or impact,
poster subject. visuals work inappropriate or
together to missing visuals.
inform
viewers.
Creativity Pleasing use of Good use of Graphics have
colors, shapes, color and eye- clustered
symbols and other catching appearance are
graphic elements graphic spare ( too much
captures attentions elements. empty space)
and interest
Visual Appeal Incorporates unique Contains some Contains some
and pertinent ideas unique or good although not
design elements, imaginative entirely original
visual or text that elements elements.
make the poster
stand out

7
 Different Forms of Societies and
Lesson Individualities (Agrarian,
2 Industrial, and Virtual)

Discover

Medieval Period had started at the end of the Western Roman Empire and
ended at the fall of Constantinople in 1453 with the discovery of America in 1492; or
with the beginning of the Reformation in 1517. German barbarians sacked and
pillaged the declining Western Roman Empire. The invaders, however, lacked the
knowledge and skills to carry on Roman achievements in arts, literature engineering.
In effect, highly developed systems of law and government gave way to the rude forms
of the barbarians. . Thus, the early Medieval Period is sometimes referred to as the
Dark Ages (Solomon & Higgins 1990), to the Romans, the State had been more
important than the individual. From the barbarians' ideal of personal rights grew
their respect for women, their "government by the people," and their crude but
representative law courts where kings and chiefs were elected by tribal councils
(which also served as court of laws).
In the reign of Clovis, Christianity began to lift Europe from the Dark Ages. Many
barbarians had become Christians. Christianity's influence widened when the great
Charlemagne became King of the Franks who founded schools in monasteries and
churches for both the poor and nobility. The way of life in the middle Ages is called
feudalism, which comes from Medieval Latin feudum, meaning property or
"possession!' Peasants, about nine-tenths of them, are farmers or village laborers. All
peasants- men, women, and children worked to support their lord. Many Peasants
built their villages of huts near the castles of their lords for protection in exchange
of their services. However With the growth of commerce and towns, feudalism as a
system of government began to pass As changes in business, government, and social
customs steadily shaped a new life in Europe, rising interest in artistic and
intellectual achievements reached a peak in the Renaissance—a revival of classical

8
learning. An interest in beauty and culture was reborn. In the 14th and 15th
centuries, leadership in art and literature returned to Western Europe.
An agrarian society is a society that depends on agriculture as its primary
means for support and sustenance. Wealth comes from the land. This type of society
acknowledges other means of livelihood and work habits, but stresses the importance
of agriculture and farming. Agrarian values see rural society as superior to urban
society, the independent farmer as superior to the paid worker, and see farming as
a way of life that can shape the ideal social values. The Agrarian model was the most
common form of socio-economic organization for most of recorded human history.
For Agrarian societies the primary means of subsistence is the cultivation of crops,
including corn, wheat, and rice but this time using a mixture of human and non-
human means specifically by using animals and the plow to cultivate fields. The use
of the plow and the irrigation system increases the food supply, and people no longer
need to move.
The Catholic Church was the most important colonial institution to survive
the Wars of Independence. Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the
church was the principal symbol of tradition and stability in the midst of political
and social change. It touched the lives of everyone, but its influence was felt most
deeply among the lower classes and the rural peasantry. Religion not only offered
consolation, but Sunday morning Mass or the patron saint's feast day were natural
occasions to socialize or sell wares in the village plaza. But this most traditional of
all institutions, after undergoing a series of prolonged crises in the post-
Independence period, experienced a profound transformation in the 1960s. Since
that time the church has emerged as an advocate of human rights, democracy, and
social change.
Then came the Industrial Revolution. Industrial society refers to a society
driven by the use of technology to enable mass production, supporting a large
population with a high capacity for division of labor. Industrial society is
characterized by the use of external energy sources, such as fossil fuels, to increase
the rate and scale of production. The production of food is shifted to large commercial
farms where the products of industry, such as combine harvesters and fossil fuel-
based fertilizers, are used to decrease required human labor while increasing
production. No longer needed for the production of food, excess labor is moved into
factories where mechanization is utilized to further increase efficiency. As
populations grow, and mechanization is further refined, often to the level of
automation, many workers shift to expanding service industries. Value shifts from

9
land to the ability to purchase goods. Industrial society gives rise to consumerism
where specialization and urbanization are seen as desirable, in part so that workers
are closer to centers of production. Industrial society provides labor to those that
benefit financially from it. The ability to purchase goods defines one’s worth in
Industrial society. Industrialism prescribes an economy not connected to land, and
economy that is placeless and displacing. Meaning it does not distinguish one place
from another. It applies its methods and technologies indiscriminately all over the
globe. It thus continues the economy of colonialism. The shift of colonial power from
European monarchy to global corporation is perhaps the dominant theme of modern
history. All along, it has been the same story of the gathering of an exploitative
economic power into the hands of a few people who are alien to the places and the
people they exploit. Such an economy is bound to destroy locally adapted agrarian
economies everywhere it goes.
In contrast, everything that happens on an agrarian farm is determined or
conditioned by the understanding that there is only so much land, so much water in
the cistern, so much hay in the barn, so much firewood in the shed, so much food
in the cellar or freezer, so much strength in the back and arms—and no more. This
is the understanding that induces thrift, family coherence, neighborliness, and local
economies. Within accepted limits, these become necessities. The agrarian sense of
abundance comes from the experienced possibility of frugality and renewal within
limits. This is exactly the opposite of the industrial idea that abundance comes from
the violation of limits: by personal mobility, extractive machinery, long-distance
transport, and scientific or technological breakthroughs. If we use up the good
possibilities in this place, we will import goods from some other place, or we will go
to some other place. If nature releases her wealth too slowly, we will take it by force.
In the industrial society, if we make the world too toxic for honeybees, some
specialized corporation will invent tiny robots that will fly about pollinating flowers
and making honey. It conceives of farming and forestry as forms of mining; it cannot
use the land without abusing it.
Industrial mindset also has contempt for anything small, rural, or natural and
that translates into contempt for centralized economic systems, any sort of local self-
sufficiency in food or other necessities. The industrial “solution” for such systems is
to increase the scale of work and trade. It brings Big Ideas, Big Money, and
Big Technology into small rural communities, economies, and ecosystems—the
brought in industry and the experts being invariably alien to and contemptuous of
the places to which they are brought in. The result is that problems correctable on a

10
small scale are replaced by large-scale problems for which there are no large-scale
corrections. Meanwhile, the large-scale enterprise has reduced or destroyed the
possibility of small-scale corrections.
Globalization means the speedup of movements and exchanges (of human
beings, goods, and services, capital, technologies or cultural practices) all over the
planet. One of the effects of globalization is that it promotes and increases
interactions between different regions and populations around the globe.
Globalization is not a one way process but compromises the multilateral
interactions among global systems, local practices, transnational trends, and
personal lifestyles. At various instances this interlocking of the global, the local and
the personal can be smooth or rough for communities and individuals who respond
favorably or adversely to it. Also, globalization makes local knowledge no longer
purely local. The process of globalization however, had already begun, long before
the twenty-first century. Globalization, in the sense of adoption and acceptance of
some standards in the various aspects of life, had its embryonic beginning in the
west in the 15th century as an accompaniment to the new ideas of the Renaissance
and then the Enlightenment.
The introduction of new inventions in science eventually led to the industrial
revolution in the 18th century. Industrial revolution is a movement in which
machines change people’s way of life as well as their methods of manufacture.
Industry, before this period was a name for particular human attributes: skill,
assiduity, perseverance, and diligence. Industrial revolution came gradually in a
short span time. This relatively sudden change in humanity’s way of life deserves to
be called a revolution. The industrial revolution grew more powerful each year due
to the new inventions and manufacturing processes that added to the efficiency of
the machines. In part, this is the acknowledgement of a series of methods of
production. It is also, however an acknowledgment of the effect of these changes on
society as a whole which is similarly transformed ( Germain 2000). According to
Germain 2000 there are significant changes brought about Industrial Revolution
first, the invention of machines in lieu of doing the work of hand tools, second the
use of steam, and other kinds of power vis-à-vis the muscles of human beings and
of animals and lastly the embracing of factory system.
As technology advanced, more and more automatic machines were invented
to handle the jobs with little supervision by human beings. The abstract thought of
mathematician, coupled with the development of ingenious electronic technology,

11
created not only a new industry, but also a catalyst to help quicken the tempo and
reshape the structure of industrial society.

Explore

Activity 1: Poster and Slogan

Directions: Make a visual presentation of the different forms of society. Use

short coupon bond and after which you may post it in your social media
account.

Rubrics:

Excellent Good Satisfactory

5points 4 points 3 points
Content All requirements All requirements Most
present well present, requirements
written text and descriptive text
presents, text
carefully chosen and appropriate
contain some
visuals work visuals workinaccuracies or
together to together to informlack organizations
illustrate and viewers. or impact,
inform about inappropriate or
poster subject. missing visuals.
Creativity Pleasing use of Good use of color Graphics have
colors, shapes, and eye-catching clustered
symbols and graphic elements. appearance are
other graphic spare ( too much
elements empty space)
captures
attentions and
interest
Visual Appeal Incorporates Contains some Contains some
unique and unique or good although not
pertinent ideas imaginative entirely original
design elements, elements elements.
visual or text that
make the poster
stand out

12
 Deepen
Activity 2
Direction: Give a brief answer of the following questions. Use separate paper
for your answer.
1. How did individuals live during:
A. Medieval Period
B. Modern Period
C. Globalizations and Innovations Period

Rubrics
Category 5 4 3 2
Topic Content is Content is Content is Content is
closely related nearly somewhat slightly
to the topic. related to the related to the related to the
topic. topic. topic.
Content The statement The The Statement is
is very well statement is statement is slightly
organized. pretty well hard to organized.
organized. understand.

13
 Lesson Transformation of Human
3 Relations by Social Systems.

Discover
The group is the first shaper of the personality, and the group itself is shaped
by society. The unity of man and society. ... He retains his unique and independent
individuality and makes his contribution to the social whole: just as society itself
shapes human beings, so human beings shape society.

This section deals with how human relations transformed by social systems
specifically, on knowledge, economics, and technology.

1. New knowledge

“Know thyself” is the main idea of Socrates of good living. Socrates lived
around 469 BC in Greece. His saying “Knowledge is Virtue; ignorance is a vice”
is a summation of what he wants to teach about how human beings should
live a good life. Ignorance as opposite of knowledge, is the source of evil.
Humanity commits evil because people do not know any better.

2. Policy Making
At present one of the most important consequences of the application
of this new knowledge to human affairs has been increased integration of
policy making. In the private realm, systems, of transportation,
communication, business, and education have tended to become larger and
more centralized. Most communication at the national level have become
unified, and many ae now organized on a worldwide basis. Similarly, in the
public realm, governments have increasingly tended accumulate functions
formerly performed by the province, district, tribe or family. Even the most
tyrannical of governments in earlier times did not have the degree of control
over individuals that is now normally exercised by government in advanced
societies. As life has become more complex, the legal system has also grown
to the point where almost all human activities come in contact with the law in
one form or another. This integration of policy making has brought people
within states into an unprecedentedly closer relationship and has resulted in
a greater complexity of social organization.

3. Economic Sphere
The effects of new knowledge have been partially noticeable in economic
sphere. Technical improvements have made possible a mechanization of labor
that has resulted in mass production, the raped growth in per capita
productivity, and an increasing division of labor. A entire quantity of goods

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 has been produce during the past century in the entire preceding period of
human history. The contrast today between the level of living inrelatively
modern centuries and that in traditional societies is very marked, indeed.
Economic changes will be further discussed in its direct correlation to the
social real.( Ramos 2003;Nye &Welch 2013)

4. Social Realm
Equally important are the changes that have taken place in the social
realm. Traditional societies are typically closed and rigid in their structure.
The members of such societies are primarily peasants living relatively isolated
villages, poor, and illiterate, and having little contact with the central political
authorities. The way of life of the peasants may remain virtually unchanged
for centuries. Modern knowledge and the technology it has created have had
an immense impact on this traditional way of life. In a modern society two-
thirds or more of the population lives in cities, and literacy is virtually
universal. Health has also greatly improved. Cosmopolitan criteria of personal
association replace the restraints between peasants, townspeople, and
aristocrats have given way to a more homogeneous society in which one’s
position depends more on individual achievement than on inherited status (
Heidgger 1997).

This complex and interrelated series of changes in humanity’s way of

life is generally known as modernization. Modernization has changed the
power relationships among societies by rapidly strengthening the position of
some at the expense of others. The process within each of the individual
societies has also been undertaken and by pressures exerted by the worldwide
influence of the early modernizers.
Although the world is becoming more and more unified, it is not
becoming more and more integrated. While it is a single system, it is driven
by conflict and there is by no means universal agreement on what shape the
single system should take in the future; globalization follows the path of its
own inexorable logic. We are immersed in a paradoxical situation. On the other
hand, the weight of nationalisms or regionalism contribute to reinforce the
type of individualism that excludes the other, be it the other human being of
the other group. In other words events in any part of the world that have
consequences for or be referenced against events in other distant parts may
not always be positive that are far more intractable than the previous disputes
between nations (Wills& Hathaway 2013)

5. Technology
The more society is influenced by technology the more we need to
consider the social, ethical and technological and scientific aspects of each
decision and choice (German 2000). This will require the capability to consider
and evaluate the standards employed in the choice and implementation of
scientific research and technological development in relation to the
aspirations of the people. The ability to evaluate the products of science and
technology in relation to culture and value, as well as the aspiration of a

15
nation, is important needs to be nurtured and developed through social and
cultural education, for science and technology is much too important to be
left to engineers and economists alone.
Science has greatly influenced the picture we have of human existence
and what is essential to humanity. Therefore, the difficulty to the period of
rapid change challenges us to discover more about what is fundamental to
our existence.
At present science and technology is not a single phenomenon. On the
other hand, they have become an ideology. In particular, technology cannot
be taken to mean only products such as machinery, electronics, or other
public consumer goods. It is also the knowledge and consciousness and our
powers of abstraction. Technology is not taken as an object but as our whole
attitude toward the human world. In modern era this attitude is manifested
theoretically in scientific development and technological innovation. In other
words, science and technology are, in fact in a broader sense, the culture itself.

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 Explore

Activity 1
Direction: Give a brief answer of the following questions. Use separate paper
for your answer.
1. How does technology transform the way we live?
2. How does computer assists or hinder learning?
3. Aside from computers, what are other latest technological inventions,
and how can these contribute to humanity?
Rubrics

4 3 2 1
Ideas were Ideas may be Ideas were Ideas were
Development clearly evident but present but poorly
of Ideas organized, on the vague developed and
point and organization of lack
supported thoughts need organization
with valid to be
reasons strengthened
Well written Well written Awkward Poor writing
and fully and most writing style with little to
Elaboration elaborated points and points no specific
points with elaborated are general. details
clear and with clear and Errors are
accurate detailed also present.
information information

17
 Deepen

Activity 2
Directions: Give a brief answer of the following questions. Use separate paper
for your answer.
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using social media?
2. How can you be responsible in using online activities?
3. How does social media transform our new generation today?

Rubrics
4 3 2 1
Ideas were Ideas may be Ideas were Ideas were
Development clearly evident but present but poorly
of Ideas organized, on the vague developed and
point and organization of lack
supported thoughts need organization
with valid to be
reasons strengthened
Well written Well written Awkward Poor writing
and fully and most writing style with little to
Elaboration elaborated points and points no specific
points with elaborated are general. details
clear and with clear and Errors are
accurate detailed also present.
information information

18
 Gauge
Assessment: Reflection

Directions: Write an essay about this topic “How can I be effective in Dealing with
other?
Rubrics
Category 10 7 5
Topic Content is closely Content is nearly Content is
related to the related to the somewhat
topic. topic. related to the
topic.
Content The statement is The statement is The statement is
very well pretty well hard to
organized. organized. understand.

19
References
Books

Christine Carmela R. Ramos, PhD. 2016. Introduction to the Philosophy of

the HumanPerson: REX Book Store, 865 Nicanor Reyes, Sr. St. Manila.

Napolen M. Mabaquiao Jr. PhD and Ronaldo B. Mactal, PhD. Making Life
Worth Living: An Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, 2016
Phoenix Publishing House Inc. Quezon City

Website

https://pressbooks.howardcc.edu/soci101/chapter/4-1-the-importance-of-
socialization/

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/types-of-
societies/#:~:text=In%20sociological%20terms%2C%20society%20refers,also
%20share%20a%20political%20authority.

https://accokeekfoundation.org/agriculture-and-farming/agrarian-vs-
industrial/

https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/society.htm

https://youmatter.world/en/definition/definitions-globalization-definition-
benefits-effects-examples/

https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-
transcripts-and-maps/modern-period

https://www.google.com/search?q=how+societies+transform+individual+hu
man+beings&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwixtcfk1cLsAhWTyosBHb8nB2gQ1QIoA3o
ECBUQBA&biw=1366&bih=657

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/society

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