GRADE 9

ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition

9

Two vital abilities, the ability to express one’s ideas creatively as well as correctly and the ability to comprehend
and interpret the written word skillfully, are built upon the elements studied in English 9. Grammar and Compo-
Grammar & Composition

Fifth Edition
sition III provides foundational practice of proper grammar and develops the basic composition skills utilized in
outlining, summarizing, researching, and writing a variety of expositions, letters, and essay answers.
III


Added Enrichment Evaluation
´-rZ!P¨ ƒ English teaching ƒ Grammar quizzes (29) ƒ Optional (graded at teacher discretion):
transparencies


13825801

ƒ Narratives (true), historic paragraph



ƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)

 
LANGUAGE SERIES

ƒ Review games ƒ Semester exam, final exam ƒ Magazine preview, original poems, outline
ƒ Compositions: ƒ Description, character sketches, summary
ƒ Book reports: full (2), oral (1) ƒ Play scene, short book reports, newspaper articles
ƒ Paragraph, description ƒ Essays: short formal, full formal, comparison and
(1 each) contrast, personal
ƒ Research paper (1) ƒ Definitions
ƒ Thank-you note, business letter, paragraph

h RED indicates first introduction of content.

Grammar ƒ Colons:
ƒ Capitalization: ƒ Before a list of items
ƒ Proper nouns and words formed from proper nouns: ƒ To introduce a formally announced statement or quotation
ƒ Particular persons, places, things ƒ Between:
ƒ Political and economic organizations and alliances ƒ Chapter and verse of Bible reference
ƒ Words referring to Deity and Holy Scripture ƒ Hour and minute of time reference
ƒ Words from proper nouns ƒ After salutation of a business letter
ƒ Common noun or adjective when part of proper name ƒ Italics:
ƒ Titles of persons, titles of works ƒ For titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works of art,
ƒ First word of every sentence ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft
ƒ Pronoun I and interjection O ƒ For words, letters, numbers referred to as such
ƒ First word of every line of poetry ƒ For foreign words or phrases
ƒ Punctuation: ƒ Hyphens:
ƒ End marks: ƒ To divide a word at the end of line
ƒ Period: ƒ In compound numbers
ƒ For declarative sentences and abbreviations ƒ In fractions used as adjectives
h For indirect question and polite request
ƒ In prefixes before a proper noun or adjective
ƒ Question mark for interrogative sentences ƒ In compound adjectives before a noun
ƒ Exclamation point for exclamatory sentences ƒ Quotation marks:
ƒ Commas: ƒ In a direct quotation
ƒ Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independent ƒ To enclose:
clauses ƒ Titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and other parts
ƒ To indicate: of books or magazines
ƒ Omissions or avoid possible misreading ƒ A quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at the begin-
ning of each paragraph and at the end of the last paragraph
ƒ Nonessential elements in a sentence:
ƒ Apostrophes:
ƒ Appositive and appositive phrase
ƒ To form:
ƒ Participial phrase
ƒ Possessive case of nouns
ƒ Adjective and adverb clauses
ƒ Individual possession within a group
ƒ Direct address
ƒ Possessive case of indefinite pronouns
ƒ Well, yes, no, or why
ƒ To show omissions from words
ƒ Parenthetical expressions
ƒ With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and words used
ƒ To set off introductory phrases or clauses
as words
ƒ In dates and addresses
ƒ Dashes:
ƒ After salutations and closings of letters
ƒ After a series of words or phrases giving details about a state-
ƒ Semicolons: ment that follows
ƒ Between independent clauses: ƒ To indicate an abrupt change or break in a sentence
ƒ If not using coordinating conjunction ƒ To set off parenthetical elements or confidential comments
ƒ Joined by: ƒ Parentheses:
ƒ Transitional words ƒ To enclose:
ƒ Coordinating conjunction if clauses already contain commas ƒ Parenthetical elements
ƒ Between items in a series if the items contain commas h Brief confirmatory information

Grammar & Composition cont. p. 138

137
GRADE 9
h RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition cont.
Grammar cont. ƒ Keeping agreement of verbs and indefinite pronoun subjects
ƒ The sentence: ƒ Making pronouns agree with their antecedents in number and in
gender:
ƒ Definition of sentence
h Using expressions that agree with the object of the preposition
ƒ Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative, imperative,
such as one of those who (which, that)
interrogative, exclamatory
ƒ Nominative case:
ƒ Recognizing subjects and verbs: complete subject, simple subject,
complete predicate, simple predicate, and verb phrase ƒ For subjects, predicate nominatives
ƒ Overcoming problems locating subjects and verbs: ƒ For appositives of subjects, appositives of predicate nomina-
tives, appositives to subjects, and appositives to predicate
ƒ Finding:
nominatives
ƒ Subject in an inverted sentence: interrogative sentence, sen-
ƒ Objective case:
tence beginning with there or here
ƒ For direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions
ƒ Subject of an imperative sentence
ƒ For appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, objects of
ƒ Verb phrase that is interrupted by other words
prepositions
ƒ Diagramming subjects and verbs
ƒ For appositives to direct objects, indirect objects, objects of
ƒ Recognizing and diagramming compound subjects and verbs
prepositions
ƒ Recognizing complements
ƒ Possessive case
ƒ Correcting fragments and run-on sentences:
ƒ Using correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomever
ƒ Correcting run-ons by comma and coordinating conjunction and in incomplete clauses beginning with than or as
h Correcting run-ons by semicolon or subordination ƒ Avoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessive case
ƒ Sentence structure: before a gerund
ƒ Defining dependent and independent clauses ƒ Adjectives:
ƒ Recognizing and diagramming simple, compound, complex, and ƒ Recognizing and diagramming adjectives: participles and proper
compound-complex sentences adjectives and infinitives as adjectives
ƒ Recognizing noun clauses used as subjects of independent ƒ Distinguishing adjectives from nouns and pronouns
clauses ƒ Recognizing and diagramming predicate adjectives
h Sentence improvement: ƒ Using and diagramming:
h Conciseness, subordination, active voice, parallelism, clear pro- ƒ Prepositional, participial, and infinitive phrases as adjectives
noun reference
ƒ Adjective clauses
h Placement of modifiers
ƒ Placing and punctuating adjective modifiers
ƒ Parts of speech:
ƒ Using adjectives in comparison
ƒ Recognizing eight parts of speech
ƒ Avoiding double comparison and double negatives
ƒ Verbs:
ƒ Using exact and vivid adjectives
ƒ Recognizing action (transitive and intransitive), linking, and helping
ƒ Adverbs:
verbs
ƒ Recognizing and diagramming adverbs
ƒ Distinguishing verbs from verbals: participles, gerunds, and infini-
ƒ Infinitives as adverbs
tives
ƒ Distinguishing adverbs from adjectives
ƒ Using principal parts of verbs
ƒ Using and diagramming:
ƒ Regular verb endings
ƒ Prepositional and infinitive phrases as adverbs
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ƒ Irregular verbs
ƒ Adverb clauses
ƒ Using correct principal parts
ƒ Correct placement of adverb modifiers
ƒ Verb tenses:
ƒ Distinguishing dependent clauses:
ƒ Progressive and emphatic forms
h Advanced technique to determine dependent clauses as noun,
h When to use the tenses
adjective, or adverb
ƒ Using consistent verb tense
ƒ Using: adverbs in comparison, exact and vivid adverbs
ƒ Active and passive voice
ƒ Prepositions:
ƒ Avoid incorrect verb forms
ƒ Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, and objects of
ƒ Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usage errors
prepositions
ƒ Use exact and vivid verbs
ƒ Distinguishing between prepositions and adverbs
ƒ Nouns:
ƒ Using prepositions correctly
ƒ Recognizing nouns: compound, common, proper, and collective
ƒ Conjunctions:
ƒ Keeping agreement of subject and verb
ƒ Recognizing coordinating, correlative, and subordinating conjunc-
ƒ Recognizing and diagramming nouns as predicate nominatives, tions
direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, direct
h Using parallel structure
address, and appositives
ƒ Interjections:
h Using parallelism
ƒ Definition
ƒ Using exact and vivid nouns
ƒ Punctuation with interjections
ƒ Pronouns:
h Other parts of speech used as interjections
ƒ Antecedents
h Diagramming interjections
ƒ Recognizing personal, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite,
compound, relative
Grammar & Composition cont. p. 139

138
 GRADE 9
h RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition cont.
Composition ƒ Formal short essays:
ƒ Manuscript form: abbreviations, numbers, titles ƒ Writing descriptions about persons, places, and things (7):
ƒ The library: Dewey Decimal System, Library of Congress Classifica- ƒ Steps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangement of
tion System, using the catalog and reference section details, use of exact nouns and verbs
ƒ Introducing paragraphs (11): ƒ The Writing Process: plan, write, rewrite, edit
ƒ Topic sentence ƒ Research paper:
ƒ Summarizing sentence ƒ Planning the paper: selecting subject, finding sources, writing bib-
liography cards, making a preliminary outline, taking notes, writing
ƒ Paragraph development by examples, incidents, and reasons
note cards, avoiding plagiarism
ƒ Paragraph unity
ƒ Writing the paper: introduction, body
ƒ Paragraph coherence: chronological order, order of importance,
ƒ Using parenthetical citations
transitional expressions, space order, pronoun reference, and
repetition ƒ Rewriting the paper: check organization, introduction, conclusion,
unity, coherence, and citations
ƒ Outline (3):
ƒ Editing the paper: check each paragraph, sentence, word;
ƒ Topical and sentence outlines
capitalization and punctuation
ƒ Format of outline
ƒ Preparing works cited page
ƒ Parallelism in an outline
ƒ Typing the paper
ƒ Steps to preparing an outline
ƒ Documentation for research paper
ƒ Book reports:
ƒ Writing Letters:
ƒ Preparing:
ƒ Friendly: letter parts, thank-you note, bread-and-butter note
ƒ Written book reports including introduction, body, conclusion
ƒ Business:
ƒ Oral book reports: written preparation and oral presentation
ƒ Letter parts, order letter, and request letter
ƒ Summaries
h Complaint letter
h Formal full-length essays (5):
h Letter to a government official
ƒ Steps for writing
ƒ Improving writing style: correct a choppy or monotonous style
h Comparison and contrast essay
h Correct a stringy style
ƒ Personal essay

ENGLISH: Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry

The lists of challenging words in Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry III emphasize the application of several spelling
Vocabulary, Spelling,

rules, the addition of specific suffixes, and the necessity of learning frequently misspelled words. To expand
students’ vocabulary, words and definitions are taken from Themes in Literature. The goals of poetry recitation
III

Fifth Edition

and memorization are an enjoyment and appreciation of poetic beauty and excellence.

®
Added Enrichment Evaluation
ƒ Review games
®

ƒ Spelling and vocabulary: ƒ Spelling and vocabulary quizzes:

®

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ƒ Spelling lists (32) including review list ƒ Each vocabulary word includes: ƒ Weekly (28)
om 15784802 ®
®
®

LANGUAGE SERIES

at end of each 9 weeks:
ƒ Spelling words (560)
ƒ Vocabulary words (280)
ƒ Organized by spelling rules, suf-
fixes and prefixes, compound
words, homophones, and com-
monly misspelled words
ƒ Practice exercises (68)
ƒ Pronunciation, part of speech ƒ Quarterly review (1 each 9 weeks;
ƒ Definition, sample sentence each counts as 2 quiz grades)
ƒ Pronunciation key ƒ Poetry quizzes: written (8), oral (2)
ƒ Teacher resource: vocabulary mastery
sentences
ƒ Poetry: footnotes define and explain
unfamiliar words

h RED indicates first introduction of content.

Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development ƒ Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directed
oral practice and independent written practice
h Master spelling lists including:
ƒ Learn:
h Vocabulary words and definitions
ƒ Antonyms and synonyms of vocabulary words
h Words that follow the spelling rules
ƒ To distinguish between homophones
h Sound-alike suffixes
ƒ Practical spelling tips and suggestions by studying Keys to Good
h Commonly misspelled words
Spelling
h Homonyms
ƒ Spelling rules:
ƒ Use vocabulary words in proper context
ƒ Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like long a
ƒ Memorize vocabulary definitions
ƒ Double final consonant before adding suffix beginning with vowel
ƒ Be able to identify commonly misspelled words

Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry cont. p. 140

139
 GRADE 9
ENGLISH: Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry cont.
Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development cont.
ƒ Change y to i when adding suffixes
ƒ Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel
ƒ Learn exceptions to the spelling rules
ƒ Creating a compound word doesn’t change the spelling of the
two parts
ƒ Adding a prefix to a word doesn’t change the word’s spelling
h RED indicates first introduction of content.
Poetry Skills Development
h Memorize 10 lyrical poems
ƒ Develop appreciation of poetry
ƒ Lay foundation for future literature study
ƒ Perform in front of an audience
ƒ Recite in unison
ƒ Use appropriate expression and volume
ƒ Increase vocabulary
ƒ Demonstrate comprehension of emotion and content
ƒ Develop a mental visualization of the poem
ƒ Discuss meaning and purpose of poems
ƒ Use proper observation of punctuation

ENGLISH: Literature
9

Themes in Literature reflects these eleven themes: truth and wisdom, courage, humility, justice, tem-
perance, joy and peace, beauty, faith and hope, love, Christmas, and time and eternity. As the student
becomes familiar with classics such as Wind in the Willows, Jane Eyre, Don Quixote, and The Adventures
of Tom Sawyer, he learns to appreciate a well-written presentation of a theme. This appreciation not only
aids in increased enjoyment of literature but also provides the foundation needed to critically analyze it.
This then can serve as a stimulus for corresponding creative essays.
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15780501

Literary Value Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒ 99 authors, including well-known writers such
as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne,
Helen Keller, William Shakespeare, and Leo
Tolstoy
ƒ Prose selections (59), poems (60), and plays (5)
ƒ Footnotes define and explain unfamiliar words ƒ Speed and comprehension quizzes (20)
ƒ Comprehension and discussion questions ƒ Homework reading quizzes (13)
after selections ƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)
ƒ Character-building quotations and verses ƒ Semester exam, final exam
ƒ Introductory paragraphs for interest and
background information
ƒ Review games

h RED indicates first introduction of content.

Reading Skills Development Comprehension, Discussion, & Analysis

ƒ Develop skills in reading speed and comprehension Skills Development
ƒ Further develop oral reading skills ƒ Develop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture
ƒ Be able to identify significant quotations and the selections in which ƒ Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension and
they are featured discussion questions
ƒ Increase vocabulary ƒ Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause and
effect, and draw conclusions
ƒ Build appreciation for good literature and a love of reading
h Recognize the character-building and life-enriching themes that
divide units

140
 GRADE 9

MATHEMATICS: Algebra 1
Algebra is an extension of arithmetic, and the concepts and procedures of arithmetic are used as the foundation
upon which the study of algebra is built. Algebra supplies the language and patterns of reasoning used in the sci-
ences and other branches of knowledge. Algebraic axioms are used to form and solve equations.
Algebra 1 uses mathematical ideas in solving problems ranging from everyday applications to applications in the
physical and biological sciences.
For this grade level, see also Algebra II on p. 158.

Features Evaluation
ƒ Flexible pacing options in curriculum ƒ Chapter reviews (12) ƒ Quizzes (36)
ƒ Review exercises for every section (107) ƒ Nine-weeks reviews (4) ƒ Tests (8)
ƒ Informational boxes including mathemati- ƒ Semester reviews (2) ƒ 9-weeks exam (2)
cal history and applications of algebra (13) ƒ Final review ƒ Semester exam
ƒ Mid-chapter reviews (13) ƒ Final exam

h RED indicates first introduction of content.

Real Numbers and the Language of Algebra h Linear absolute value equations

ƒ Using letters, notation h Graphing absolute value equations on a number line

h Literal equations
ƒ Terms, coefficients, factors, variables
h Dependent variable, independent variable
ƒ Evaluating algebraic expressions with given value
ƒ Translating word phrases into algebra ƒ Solving word problems
h Mixture problems
ƒ Commutative property
ƒ Addition Linear Equations in Two Variables
ƒ Multiplication h Cartesian plane
ƒ Order of operations h Ordered pair
ƒ Distributive property h Abscissa
ƒ Simple interest formula h Ordinate
h Distance formula h Origin
ƒ Numbers h Quadrants
ƒ Integers h Collinear points

ƒ Natural numbers h Plotting points on the Cartesian plane

ƒ Whole numbers h Develop a table of values for a linear equation

ƒ Real numbers h Graph a linear equation

ƒ Rational numbers h Slope:

ƒ Irrational numbers h Formula

ƒ Signed numbers h Horizontal, vertical, zero, undefined

ƒ Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division h X and Y intercepts

ƒ Least common denominator (LCD)—numerical h Standard form of an equation

h Least common denominator (LCD)—algebraic h Slope-intercept form

ƒ Absolute value h Convert equation to slope-intercept form

ƒ Simplifying algebraic expressions h Graph equation using slope-intercept form

ƒ Writing formulas from descriptions h Find equation using point-slope form

h Parallel and perpendicular lines
ƒ Associative property
h Find slope using another slope
ƒ Addition, multiplication
h Find equation using another equation
ƒ Identity property
ƒ Addition, multiplication Linear Inequalities
h Inverse property h Law of trichotomy
h Addition, multiplication h Inequality notation
h Graphing inequalities on a number line
Linear Equations in One Variable h Addition property of inequality
ƒ Solving equations
h Multiplication property of inequality
ƒ Addition property of equality
h Solve linear inequalities
ƒ Multiplication property of equality
h Graph linear inequalities on a number line
h Linear equations:
h Write inequalities from word problems
h Identity, contradiction, conditional
h Compound inequalities
ƒ Clearing equations of fractions, decimals h Interval notation
ƒ Absolute value h Solve compound inequalities
h Absolute value definition
h Graph compound inequalities on a number line

Algebra 1 cont. p. 142

141
GRADE 9
h RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Algebra 1 cont.
Linear Inequalities cont. h Zero factor property

h Absolute value inequalities h Extraneous solutions

h Solve absolute value inequalities h Solving equations after factoring

h Applying polynomial factoring
h Graph absolute value inequalities on a number line
h Linear inequalities in two variables
Radical Expressions and Equations
h Solve linear inequalities in two variables
ƒ Radical, radicand, index
h Graph linear inequalities in two variables
ƒ Principal root
Systems of Equations h Quotient rule for radicals
h Product rule for radicals
h System of linear equations
h Simplifying radicals
h Consistent and inconsistent systems
h Adding and subtracting radicals
h Dependent and independent equations
h Like radicals
h Point of intersection
h Multiplying radical expressions
h Solve a system of linear equations:
h Rationalizing the denominator of a radical
h Graphing
h Rationalizing two term denominators:
h Substitution
h Conjugate
h Elimination
h Rational exponent property
h Solve word problems with systems of equations
h Expressions with rational exponents:
Polynomial Arithmetic h Simplify, multiply, divide
ƒ Monomial, binomial, trinomial, polynomial h Solving radical equations
h Degree of polynomial ƒ Pythagorean theorem:
h Addition of polynomials ƒ Hypotenuse, legs
ƒ Combining like terms h Distance formula
h Subtraction of polynomials h Find distance between two points from formula
ƒ Multiplication of polynomials h Find distance between two points from graph
ƒ Multiplying monomials
h Product rule for exponents
Quadratic Equations
h Quadratic equations in standard form
h Power rule for exponents
h Solve quadratic equations by:
ƒ Multiply polynomials by monomials
h Factoring
ƒ Multiply a binomial by a binomial
h Extracting the root
h FOIL
h Completing the square
h Square a binomial
h Quadratic formula
h Multiply binomial conjugates
h Pure quadratic
ƒ Multiply a polynomial by a polynomial
h Discriminant
ƒ Division of polynomials
h Applying quadratic equations in word problems
ƒ Divide monomials
h Quotient rule for exponents
Statistics and Probability
h Zero exponent rule
ƒ Statistics
h Negative exponent rule
h Descriptive
ƒ Divide a polynomial by a monomial h Inferential
h Divide a polynomial by a binomial
h Graphs features:
ƒ Scientific notation h Chart title, scale, gridlines, zero line, category label, axis title,
h Solve equations involving simplification major and minor gridlines, data label, legend
h Write a quadratic equation for a polygon ƒ Bar graph
h Plane geometric figures ƒ Interpreting bar graphs
h Three-dimensional geometric figures ƒ Creating bar graphs
Polynomial Factoring ƒ Frequency
h Trend
ƒ Greatest common factors
h Segmented bar graph
ƒ Prime, composite
h Interpreting segmented bar graphs
h Fundamental theorem of algebra
h Clustered bar graph
h Factoring:
h Interpreting clustered bar graphs
h Factor a common factor from a polynomial
h Perfect square trinomials
ƒ Percent of change
h Difference between two squares
ƒ Circle graphs
h Factoring general trinomials
ƒ Creating circle graphs
h Trinomials with a second variable
ƒ Interpreting circle graphs
h By grouping

Algebra 1 cont. p. 143

142
 GRADE 9
h RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Algebra 1 cont.
Statistics and Probability cont. Rational Expressions and Equations
h Types of information h Rational expression
h Qualitative h Undefined
h Quantitative h Domain
h Classes categorization h Simplifying rational expressions
h Stem-and-Leaf plots h Multiply rational expressions
h Stem h Divide rational expressions
h Leaf h Add and subtract rational expressions
h Creating stem-and-leaf plots h Least common denominator of rational expressions
h Interpreting stem-and-leaf plots h Complex fractions
ƒ Histograms h Solving rational equations
h Creating histograms ƒ Proportion
ƒ Interpreting histograms ƒ Word problems
h Frequency distribution ƒ Ratios and proportions
h Symmetric or asymmetric distribution h Word problems involving work
h Measure of center
ƒ Arithmetic mean Functions
h Direct variation
ƒ Median
h Constant of variation
h Outlier
h Dependent variable and independent variable
ƒ Mode
h Functions
h Box-and-Whisker plot
h Relation
h Creating box-and-whisker plot
h Function notation
h Interpreting box-and-whisker plot
h Determine if an equation is a function
h Dispersion
h Domain of functions
h Five-number summary
h Zero of a function
h Minimum
h Parabola
h Maximum
h Vertex
h Quartiles
h Parabola vertex formula
h Skewness
h Graph parabolas
h Scatterplots
h Rigid transformations
h Univariate data
h Non-rigid transformations
h Bivariate data
h Parent function
h Explanatory and response variable
h Vertical translation
h Positive and negative association
h Horizontal translation
h Causation
h Standard graphing form of a parabola
h Line of fit
h Exponential growth
h Interpolation
h Extrapolation
ƒ Probability
ƒ Outcome
h Mutually exclusive or not mutually exclusive
ƒ Calculate probability of single event
h Probability notation
ƒ Independent events
h Dependent events
h Probability of multiple events
h Conditional probability
h Tree diagram

143
 GRADE 9

HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: World Geography (one semester)

9

World Geography presents a physical-cultural study of the earth and mankind from a conservative, Christian perspec-
tive. Basic to this perspective is the conviction that God is the Creator of the earth and of man. By applying to the study
WORLD GE GRAPHY

of geography their knowledge of the Creation, the Flood, the beginning of nations at Babel, and God’s dealing with
IN CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVE Second Edition

with

POLITICAL

mankind throughout the ages, students can better understand the physical features of the earth as well as the cultures
and

CULTURAL
PROFILES

of its people.
PERSPECTIVE
IN CHRISTIAN

While most geography texts approach world geography from the globalist perspective, World Geography in Christian Er
erbium

Perspective recognizes and discusses the national identities of individual countries. Building on what students have previ-
Neuschwanstein
Castle, Germany

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16779701
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ously learned, this text presents a deeper, more thorough study of the religions, languages, customs, historic backgrounds,
resources, and industries to expand the students’ knowledge of each continent, region, and country presented.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒ Special feature boxes (75): ƒ Look at heroes of the mission field ƒ Reading quizzes (11)
ƒ Give in-depth look at the continent being ƒ Explore the wonders of the world, ƒ Review quizzes (22; includes labeling 12 maps)
studied concepts to consider, and strate- ƒ Map projects (8; each counts as quiz grade)
ƒ Present details about the vegetation and gic geography of a location ƒ Current events (15; each counts as quiz grade)
wildlife of the region ƒ Maps correlating to text (30) ƒ Tests (4), mid-semester test (1)
ƒ Show diversity of the country’s culture and ƒ Final exam
spotlight the history of the country

h RED indicates first introduction of content.

Introduction to Geography Africa

h The earth: h Northern Africa: Sahara, Maghreb, Sahel, French Sahel, Sudan
h The importance of understanding geography in the Christian h Tropical Africa: Western, Central, and Eastern Africa, hunger and
perspective disease
h Location and topography h Southern Africa: David Livingstone
h Weather and climate
Australia, the Pacific & Antarctica
h Natural resources and wildlife:
h Australia: Western Plateau, Central Lowlands, Eastern Highlands,
h Renewable and nonrenewable resources
Uluru Rock, Great Barrier Reef, Abel Tasman, Captain James Cook,
h Mankind: Matthew Flinders, Australian Gold Rush
h Culture and the Christian perspective h The Pacific: Oceania, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Easter
h Cultural characteristics: religion, language, forms of government, Island, Challenger Deep
economic systems h Antarctica: Vinson Massif, Captain Robert F. Scott, Richard E. Byrd,
h The geographer’s craft: working with and understanding maps, Antarctic Treaty
statistics, charts, and graphs
North America
Asia h Canada: Leif Ericson, “New France,” Henry Hudson, Acadia
h Middle East: h United States: American Indians, independence
h Fertile Crescent: Cradle of Civilization h Middle America: Mexico, Central America, the West Indies
h Arabian Peninsula: Al-Saud family
h Northern Plateaus and Transcaucasia
South America
h Northern Andean countries: Simón Bolívar, Auca Indians, José de
h Central Asia
San Martín, Inca Indians
h Southern Asia:
h Brazil and the Guianas: the Amazon, Pedro Cabral, environmental-
h Indian subcontinent: Hinduism, Mount Everest, Buddhism
ism in the rain forest
h Far East:
h Southern countries
h Chinese sphere: Communism, Great Wall of China,
Great Silk Road, Taiwan Geography
h Northeast Asia: Korean War ƒ Geography projects (8) correlating to chapters in text, featuring
h Southeast Asia: Vietnam War, Roman Catholicism maps, both physical and political, and review questions:
ƒ Introduction of geography
Europe ƒ Asia
h Mediterranean Europe: Alexander the Great, Greek Orthodoxy,
ƒ Europe
Mount Vesuvius, Vatican City
ƒ Africa
h Central Europe: Gauls, Franks, Protestant Reformation, Berlin Wall
ƒ Australia and the Pacific
h The Low Countries: Dutch, The Hague, European Union
ƒ North America
h The British Isles: Angles, Normans, Church of England, Scottish High-
ƒ South America
lands, the British Empire
ƒ Nations of the world
h Scandinavia: Lutheranism, geothermal energy
h Eastern Europe: Ivan the Terrible, Bolshevik Revolution, USSR, Prayer Time
Lech Walesa, John Huss ƒ Learn to pray for our nation and for government officials

144
 GRADE 9

SCIENCE: Science: Matter & Energy

9

Science: Matter and Energy builds a foundation for future studies in chemistry, physics, and other fields. The Christian
perspective of this text naturally rejects the unproven hypothesis of evolution, recognizing special creation as the only
S CIENCE M tter nd Energy

Gravity
M tter nd Energy reasonable explanation for the universe’s origin. This position is presented throughout the text and highlighted in a chap-
ter on origins, which provides evidence against evolution and for the reality of the Genesis Creation account.
Sound
Electronics

Friction
Acceleration
Gravity
Science: Matter and Energy also recognizes God’s command for man to have dominion over creation. Thus the purpose
of science becomes the application of scientific knowledge for mankind’s benefit. From chemistry to physics, the goal
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
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is to learn how man might extend his “dominion” and make better use of creation. With man’s dominion over the earth
comes a responsibility to tend, manage, and conserve resources. However, the ultimate purpose of creation must not be
forgotten—the earth was made for man to inhabit, and its resources were made for man to use.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒ Feature boxes with extra information, articles highlighting ƒ Reading quizzes (20)
God’s design in creation ƒ Review quizzes (39)
ƒ Classroom demonstrations with student participation (36) ƒ Science project with background paper, investigation
ƒ Challenging homework questions to make students think plan, experimentation, follow-up paper, created display,
more deeply about concepts (63) oral presentation (counts as test grade)
ƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)
ƒ Semester exam, final exam

h RED indicates first introduction of content.

Introduction to Physical Science ƒ Mohs scale

ƒ Basics of matter and energy: h Brinell hardness scale

ƒ Inertia, force h Deformation of solids:

ƒ Properties of matter: h Stretching, compression, bending, shear, torsion

h Physical and chemical changes h Hooke’s law, spring constant

ƒ Mass, weight, volume, density, state, temperature ƒ Liquids:

h Branches of physical science: physics and chemistry h Adhesion

ƒ Scientific method: ƒ Surface tension

ƒ 3-step process; theories, laws ƒ Capillarity:
ƒ Predictions: testability, repeatability h Meniscus

h Causality ƒ Pressure in liquids:

h Limitations of science: scope, assumptions, bias, approximations h Mathematical definition; SI units

h Biblical reasons to study science h Gravitational pressure, Pascal’s principle

h Hydraulic press
Matter & Energy ƒ Gases:
ƒ Measuring matter: h Gas laws: Boyle’s, Charles’s, Amontons’s
h Mathematics in science ƒ Atmospheric pressure:
h Accuracy, precision, and significant figures ƒ Barometers:
ƒ Scientific notation h Physical principles
ƒ Units: h Applications: straws, siphons, vacuum cleaners
ƒ Systems of measurement: h Fluid displacement:
h Need for systems of measurement h Archimedes’ principle, buoyancy
ƒ Metric system/SI: h Buoyancy in liquids: floating, neutral buoyancy
h Definition of units: meter, liter, kilogram, second h Buoyancy in air
ƒ Celsius temperature scale h Bernoulli’s principle:
h Kelvin temperature scale h Application to flight: forces on flight, control surfaces, streamlining
ƒ Volume, density, and specific gravity: h Other applications: hydrofoils, curve balls, carburetors
h Measuring volume by fluid displacement ƒ Energy:
ƒ States of matter: h SI unit
h Atomic theory defined ƒ Forms:
h Kinetic theory of matter: h Radiant, mechanical
h Cohesion, Brownian motion, diffusion ƒ Energy changes:
ƒ Osmosis h Conservation of matter and energy
ƒ Solids: ƒ Kinetic energy:
h Crystalline vs. amorphous solids (in general) h Forms; calculation of translational kinetic energy
ƒ Properties of solids: ƒ Potential energy:
h Elasticity, resilience, rigidity, plasticity h Fundamental forces: relationship to potential energy
ƒ Hardness:

Science: Matter & Energy cont. p. 146

145
GRADE 9
h RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Science: Matter & Energy cont.
Matter & Energy cont. ƒ Chemical bonds:
h Types ƒ Covalent bonds:
h Calculation of gravitational potential energy h Single, double, triple; Lewis structures

ƒ Heat and thermal energy: h Polar and nonpolar; electronegativity, partial charge

h Factors affecting thermal energy h Covalent network, formula unit

h Thermal equilibrium ƒ Ionic bonds:

h Heat capacity and specific heat h Polyatomic ions; ionic crystals

h Calorimetry h Metallic bonds

ƒ Thermal expansion: h Basic chemical nomenclature; types of chemical formulas

h Explained h Intermolecular forces:

ƒ Heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation: h Types, characteristics, and relative strength

h Direction h Effects on physical properties: solid structure, state changes,

solubility
h Applications: Dewar flask, indoor heating
ƒ Chemical reactions:
h Thermodynamics: laws of thermodynamics; mechanical equiva-
lent of heat, Carnot engine, entropy, perpetual motion h Reactants, products

ƒ State changes: ƒ Chemical equations, conservation of mass:

h Freezing point depression, latent heat, heat of fusion h Balancing equations

h Volatile, nonvolatile h Chemical thermodynamics:

h Scientific definition of boiling; boiling point elevation, heat of h Endothermic and exothermic reactions

vaporization h Entropy in chemical reactions

h Vapor pressure: relationship to boiling point; critical tempera- h Chemical kinetics: activation energy, factors affecting reaction
ture rates; catalysts
h Heat pumps h Chemical equilibrium: Le Châtelier’s principle

h Sublimation, deposition h Types of chemical reactions

ƒ Salts
Chemistry h Chemistry of acids and bases: pH as a measure of concentration
ƒ Foundations of chemistry: h Redox reactions and electrochemistry:
ƒ Chemistry and matter: h Basic terms
h Brief history
h Types and chemistry of electrochemical cells
ƒ Definition, characteristics of matter, atomic theory h Organic chemistry:
ƒ Elements and compounds h Uniqueness of carbon, hydrocarbon nomenclature
h History of atomic symbols
h Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes
ƒ Inside the atom: h Aromatics, substituted hydrocarbons, soaps, and polymers
ƒ Nucleus with protons and neutrons, atomic number, electrons: ƒ Biochemistry:
h Quarks, electron shells, types of ions
ƒ Carbohydrates, lipids:
h Mass number, atomic mass
h Disaccharides, glycogen, structure of fats, types of cholesterol
ƒ Atomic models: h Chemistry and structure of proteins, types and structure of nucleic
h Quantum theory, uncertainty principle, quantum numbers, acids
Pauli exclusion principle ƒ Metabolism:
ƒ Nuclear chemistry: h Chemistry of ATP
h Nuclear decay
ƒ Fission and fusion Science vs. Evolution
h Details of process ƒ Biblical view of origins:
ƒ Electrons and chemical properties: h Origin of time, space, matter, and energy

ƒ Valence electron, periodic table of elements: ƒ History of evolutionary philosophy:

h Periods and groups ƒ Darwin, Lyell, Origin of Species, uniformitarianism
ƒ Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals h Thomas Huxley

h Transition metals, inner transition metals h Movement to the U.S.: Asa Gray, James Dana

h Groups 13–16 ƒ Theistic evolution

ƒ Halogens, noble gases h Neo-Darwinism defined; evolution and secular humanism

ƒ Molecules and chemistry: ƒ Evolutionary views of origins:

ƒ Compounds and mixtures: ƒ Chemical evolution and big bang theory
h Molecular mass, isomers h Stanley Miller’s experiment

h Pure substance, homogeneous, heterogeneous ƒ Modern opposition to evolution:

h Solutions, solubility, colloids ƒ Rise of Creation science
h Notable figures and organizations

Science: Matter & Energy cont. p. 147

146
 GRADE 9
h RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Science: Matter & Energy cont.
Science vs. Evolution cont. h Music:

ƒ Notable scientists who believed in Creation: h Scientific definition

ƒ Isaac Newton h Interference in music:

h William Gilbert, Samuel Morse h Consonance, dissonance, interval

h Evidences against evolution from chemistry and physics: h Beats, harmonic series, timbre

ƒ Impossibility of chemical evolution h Resonance

h DNA complexity, interpretation of DNA h Main types of acoustic musical instruments

h Inverse square laws, second law of thermodynamics, decay of

Light & Color
earth’s magnetic field
ƒ Nature of light:
h Complexity of the human brain; bat echolocation; electric fish
ƒ History of theories of light
Motion h Quantitative relationship between wavelength and frequency

ƒ Describing motion: ƒ Dual nature of light

h Brief history of physics ƒ Color:
h Scalar and vectors, distance and displacement, simple vector h Relationship to frequency and wavelength; additive and subtrac-
addition tive mixing, primary colors
ƒ Speed ƒ Behavior of light:
h Velocity h Reflection, refraction, mirage, scintillation, rainbow formation

h Acceleration h Interference, diffraction, polarization

ƒ Newton’s laws of motion: ƒ Electromagnetic radiation:

h Second and third laws ƒ Electromagnetic spectrum
ƒ Forces in nature: h Properties of radio waves, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays,

h Quantitative treatment of gravity and gamma rays

h Circular motion: centripetal and centrifugal force h Relationship between frequency and energy

ƒ Friction: h Laser light formation, properties, and uses

h Causes and types of friction ƒ Speed of light:

h Quantitative treatment h Constant

ƒ Work: h Brief overview of Einstein’s special and general relativity

h Quantitative treatment
Electricity & Magnetism
h Power, momentum
ƒ Electrostatics:
ƒ Simple machines: h Brief history
h Mechanical advantage, efficiency
ƒ Electric charge and fields, law of electric charges
ƒ Types of simple machines: h Quantitative treatment of law of electric force
ƒ Lever, wheel and axle, inclined plane h Transferring charges:
h Pulley, wedge, screw
h Conduction, conservation, grounding
ƒ Waves and energy: h Induction
ƒ Medium, structure of waves h Nature of current in gases, liquids, solids
h Types of waves
h Electroscope
ƒ Measurement of wave properties: h Electrostatic generators:
ƒ Wavelength, frequency h Principles of operation
h Period, amplitude, speed
ƒ Lightning:
h Wave behavior
ƒ Stepped leader, return stroke
ƒ Sound waves: ƒ Lightning rods
ƒ Nature and transmission of sound waves h Leyden jar, capacitor
ƒ History of understanding of sound waves h Using static electricity
h Intensity, loudness
ƒ Magnets and magnetism:
ƒ Pitch: ƒ Brief history, law of magnetic poles, magnetic fields
h Audible, infrasonic, and ultrasonic sounds
h Quantitative treatment of law of magnetic force
ƒ Doppler effect h Permeability
h Quantitative treatment of speed, shock waves
h Electron spin, domains
ƒ Behavior of sound waves: h Types of materials: diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic
ƒ Reflection: h Methods of magnetization
h Echoes
ƒ Electromagnets:
ƒ Sonar h Left-hand rule, strength
h Minimizing reflection: acoustics
ƒ Demagnetization
h Refraction, diffraction, interference
h Magnetic deflection

Science: Matter & Energy cont. p. 148

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GRADE 9
h RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Science: Matter & Energy cont.
Electricity & Magnetism cont. h Batteries in series and parallel

ƒ Magnetic earth: h Electromagnetic induction:

h Compass, dipping needle h AC and DC generation

h Magnetic declination, isogonic lines h MHD generators, transformers

h Magnetic inclination, isoclinic lines ƒ Electronics:

ƒ Magnetosphere h Foundations of electronics:

h Celestial magnets h Vacuum tubes, cathode-ray tubes, picture tubes, x-ray tubes

h Electric current: h Thermionic emission, diodes, triodes

h Moving charges, direct and alternating current, voltage ƒ Semiconductor electronics:

h Current, power, kilowatt-hours h How a semiconductor works, doping

h Resistance, Ohm’s law: h Diodes, transistors

h Reducing resistance, resistors ƒ Photovoltaic cells

h Joule heat, superconductors h LED, semiconductor lasers

h Electric circuits: h Integrated circuit production and application

h Components of a circuit, closed/open circuits h Electronic computers:

h Short circuits, fuses and breakers h History of the computer: ENIAC and UNIVAC I

h Series and parallel circuits h Analog vs. digital

h Using electricity: h Binary and hexadecimal number systems, logic gates

h Incandescent, fluorescent, and neon lamps h Processing, storage, data transfer

h CFLs and LEDs h Hardware, software

h Solenoid, telegraph, relay, and loudspeaker h Modern computers: PCs, servers, mainframes, and
supercomputers
h Basic structure and motions of electric motors
h Robotics
h Producing electricity:
h Electrochemical cells:

SCIENCE: Health (one semester)

Health in Christian Perspective will enable students to gain a deeper knowledge of the anatomy
and physiology of the human body. They will be encouraged to reach out to others and to live a
happy, healthy life as they maintain a consistent walk with the Lord. They will learn how to maintain
their physical health through good nutrition and fitness with an emphasis on cardio-respiratory and
musculoskeletal health.
A study of the nervous system in light of biblical principles encourages students to maintain good
mental and emotional health. Practical aspects of safety and first aid are included in the middle of
the course. Students will also learn how the immune system works to prevent disease, how to avoid
drug abuse, and how to pursue a right relationship with God and others.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒ Sidebars containing extra health facts, ƒ Feature boxes including biblical discernment, ƒ Reading quizzes (12)
checklist for personal health, and medical careers, and articles on health- ƒ Review quizzes (16)
applications of health information related issues (20) ƒ Tests (4)
(185) ƒ Atlas of human anatomy ƒ 9-weeks exam, final
exam
h RED indicates first introduction of content.

Developing a Healthy Body ƒ Nutritional needs:

ƒ Growth and development: ƒ Gastroenterology: digestion; anatomy and physiology of organs in
the digestive system
ƒ Fetus development from conception to birth
h Gingiva, root canal, uvula, chyme
ƒ Infancy
ƒ Macronutrients:
h Adolescent development
ƒ Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, proteins, fats and oils:
ƒ Endocrinology:
h Essential amino acids; triglycerides
ƒ Endocrine glands and hormones:
ƒ Micronutrients: vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, water
h Somatotropin, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, estrogens,
testosterone, melatonin ƒ Healthful food choices:
ƒ Regulating metabolism, physical changes, and sleep ƒ Energy from food:
h Kilocalorie/calorie, basal metabolism, food guide pyramid
ƒ Nutritional balance: acceptable weight range, weight control

Health cont. p. 149

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 GRADE 9
h RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Health cont.
Maintaining Personal Health ƒ Sense of hearing:
ƒ Cardiorespiratory fitness: ƒ Anatomy of the ear
ƒ Cardiology: anatomy and physiology of organs in the ƒ Hearing damage:
cardiovascular system: h Decibels, sensorineural (nerve) deafness

h Septum ƒ Brain and the mind

ƒ Blood pressure and heart rate: h Recognizing mental disorders:

h Radial and carotid pulse, stroke volume h Kinds of mental disorders: eating, anxiety, depression

ƒ Pneumology: anatomy and physiology of organs in ƒ Good mental health:

respiratory system: h Managing stress: kinds of stress, stress and body systems
h Lung capacity ƒ Mental and emotional well-being:
ƒ Musculoskeletal health: ƒ Benefits of exercise, sufficient sleep, thinking right thoughts,
ƒ Osteology: anatomy and physiology of skeletal system: controlling emotions, exercising your brain
h Divisions of the backbone h Practicing biblical discernment: biblical discernment and suicide

h Arm and leg bones, periosteum

Practicing Personal Safety
h Compact and spongy bones
ƒ Household hazards:
h Gliding, saddle, and ellipsoid joints
ƒ Electrocution, falls, firearms
ƒ Myology: anatomy and physiology of muscular system:
ƒ Fires and burns: fire and burn prevention, fire precautions
h Fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers
ƒ Poisoning:
h Flexors and extensors
h Ingested, inhaled, and absorbed toxins
ƒ Review 7 muscles and groups
ƒ Reducing risks:
h Learn 10 muscles and groups
ƒ Self protection
ƒ Exercise and fitness:
h Protection of others, protection at work
ƒ Aerobic and anaerobic exercise
ƒ Recreational safeguards:
h Strength training
ƒ Sport safety:
ƒ Assessing physical fitness:
h Dehydration
h Cardiorespiratory endurance
ƒ Heat exhaustion, heat stroke
ƒ Muscular strength and endurance
ƒ Water sports:
ƒ Measuring flexibility, body fat content
h Swimming safety
ƒ Total workout: warm-up, work out (training heart rate), cool down,
h Boating basics PWCs (personal watercraft)
overload
ƒ Water rescue techniques
h Energy for exercise:
h Skating
h Aerobic and anaerobic processes
ƒ Wilderness recreation:
h Energy efficiency, sports nutrition, maintaining hydration
ƒ Poisonous plants and animals: dermatitis, poisonous snakes
ƒ Benefits of exercise
h Wilderness supplies and precautions
ƒ Personal hygiene:
h Hunting
ƒ Your protective covering: skin, below the dermis, throughout
the dermis, above the dermis ƒ Winter sports:
ƒ Good grooming: ƒ Frostbite
h Specific safety tips
ƒ Basic skin care, clear complexion, hair that flatters
h Recreational vehicles: snowmobiles, ATVs (all-terrain vehicles)
ƒ Healthy nails, healthy smile
ƒ UV protection and skin cancer prevention: ƒ Safety on the road:
h Types of skin cancer
ƒ Bicycle basics
h Mopeds and motorcycles: determining risks, developing skills
h Consumer awareness
h Motor vehicle safety:
Keeping a Sound Mind h Traffic accidents
ƒ Nervous system: h The leading cause of accidental deaths in the United States
ƒ Neurology: anatomy and physiology of organs in the nervous h Safe actions, courteous driving
system: h Alcohol and traffic safety
h Neuron anatomy and types
ƒ Environmental safety:
ƒ Central nervous system, peripheral nervous system ƒ Natural disasters:
h Limbic system, somatic and autonomic nervous system
h Blizzards, floods
ƒ Sensory receptors: ƒ Earthquakes, hurricanes, lightning, tornadoes
h Senses of the skin: pain, mechanoreceptors, and thermoreceptors
ƒ Environmental hazards:
h Senses of smell and taste: chemoreceptors
ƒ Man’s responsibility, pollution problems, radical environmentalism
ƒ Sense of sight: h Checks and balances, assessing risks, proper balance
ƒ Anatomy of the eye, vision (rod and cone cells)
h Defective vision

Health cont. p. 150

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GRADE 9
h RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Health cont.
Administering First Aid ƒ Infectious diseases and defenses:
ƒ Emergency preparedness: ƒ Classification of diseases:
ƒ Knowing priorities: ƒ Infectious diseases, noninfectious diseases
ƒ Check, call, care h Acute, chronic

ƒ Check airway, breathing, and severe bleeding ƒ Communicable and noncommunicable

h Vital signs ƒ Causes of infectious diseases:
ƒ Respiratory emergencies: ƒ Bacteria, viruses
ƒ Head-tilt and chin-lift position h Protozoa, fungi, parasitic worms

h Rescue breathing ƒ Spread of infectious diseases:

ƒ Choking: ƒ Airborne pathogens, contaminated surfaces, direct contact
h Unconscious victim, self, infant ƒ Infected animals, contaminated food or water
h Drowning ƒ Immunity against disease:
ƒ Circulatory emergencies: h Gaining immunity (activated lymphocytes and antibodies)

h CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) instructions h Acquired, inborn, and species immunity

ƒ Severe bleeding-care instructions ƒ Medical defenses: vaccines, drugs, and antibiotics

h Shock-care instructions ƒ Noninfectious diseases and disabilities:
h Recovery position ƒ Leading causes of death (listed in a chart)
ƒ First aid procedures: ƒ Degenerative diseases:
ƒ Care instructions for burns: ƒ Osteoporosis
ƒ First-, second-, and third-degree burns h Dementia, Parkinson’s disease

ƒ Chemical burns (eye injury care) h Biblical discernment and euthanesia

ƒ Care instructions for: ƒ Genetic and congenital diseases

h Convulsions, fainting ƒ Hormonal diseases: diabetes mellitus
ƒ Dislocations, electric shock h Biblical discernment and abortion

ƒ Fractures: closed and open ƒ Immunological diseases:

ƒ Frostbite ƒ Allergies
ƒ Hyperthermia: heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke h Asthma, autoimmune diseases:

h Hyperventilation h Selected autoimmune diseases: Grave’s, lupus, multiple sclerosis,

psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis
ƒ Hypothermia, nosebleeds
h Nutritional diseases
ƒ Poisoning:
h Psychosomatic diseases
ƒ Ingested toxins
h Diseases caused by harmful substances
h Inhaled and absorbed toxins
ƒ Cancer:
ƒ Snakebites: pit vipers (hemolitic), coral snake (neurotoxin)
ƒ Causes
ƒ Stings and bites:
h Types, development
h Animal bites (rabies and tetanus)
ƒ Treatment
ƒ Insect stings, tick bites (lyme disease)
h Disabilities: impaired mobility, hearing, speech, sight
ƒ Strains and sprains:
ƒ Systemic diseases and disorders:
ƒ Strain: muscle or tendon stretch or tear
ƒ Cardiovascular diseases—leading cause of death:
ƒ Sprain: ligament stretch or tear
h Hypertension, arteriosclerosis
ƒ Wounds:
ƒ Atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease
h Closed wound or contusion, internal bleeding, open wound
h Angina
ƒ Incisions, abrasions
ƒ Heart attack, arrhythmia
h Lacerations, punctures
h Ventricular fibrillation, congestive heart failure, stroke, aneurysm
Preventing Diseases ƒ Dermatopathy:
ƒ Immunology: ƒ Acne
ƒ White blood cells: leukocytes (phagocytes and lymphocytes) h Athlete’s foot, dandruff, warts
ƒ Antibodies h Endocrinopathy: ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia
ƒ Lymphatic system: tissue fluid, lymph vessels, lymph nodes ƒ Gastrointestinal diseases and disorders:
ƒ Other body defenses: ƒ Dental caries, periodontitis
h Bone marrow, brain, colon, lacrimal glands, liver, lungs h Gingivitis, appendicitis
ƒ Mucous membranes, skin, stomach, tonsils and adenoids h Colorectal cancer
ƒ Dysentery
h Food-borne illnesses: salmonella, E. coli, and staphylococcus
poisoning; botulism
ƒ Peptic ulcer

Health cont. p. 151

150
 GRADE 9
h RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Health cont.
Preventing Diseases cont. ƒ Methamphetamine
h Hemopathy: anemia ƒ Depressants:
h Hemophilia h Barbiturates, benzodiazepines (valium, rohypnol)

h Hepatopathy: hepatitis, viral hepatitis ƒ Marijuana and related drugs:

ƒ Immune-deficiency and lymphatic diseases: h Cannabinoids

ƒ AIDS, HIV ƒ Inhalants

h Mononucleosis h Steroids

h Musculoskeletal diseases: arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid h Long-term effects of drug abuse

arthritis, bursitis, back pain ƒ Preventing drug abuse

ƒ Nervous system diseases and disorders: ƒ Alcohol and health:
ƒ Concussion ƒ Alcohol is the most widely abused drug in the world
h Amnesia, coma, meningitis, encephalitis, shingles, cerebral palsy, ƒ Forms of alcohol
epilepsy ƒ Immediate effects:
ƒ Pneumopathy: ƒ On the brain, liver, and other organs
ƒ Common cold ƒ Depressant
h Bronchitis, influenza, pneumonia, tuberculosis h Alcohol poisoning
h Uropathy: kidney failure, kidney stones ƒ Long-term effects:
h Biblical discernment and organ donation ƒ Alcoholism
ƒ Personal health care: h Delirium tremens
h Medical examination: medical history, general health, physical ƒ Liver and cardiovascular disease
exam ƒ Gastrointestinal disorders
ƒ Disease prevention ƒ Alcohol and society:
h Crimes
Avoiding Drug Abuse
ƒ Accidents
ƒ Drug use and medicines:
h Fetal alcohol syndrome
ƒ Drugs as medicine: drug, medicine, OTC, prescription, antibiotics
h Why people drink
ƒ Pain relievers:
ƒ Tobacco and health:
ƒ Anesthetics
ƒ Tobacco as a drug: nicotine
ƒ Analgesics:
ƒ Effects of smoking:
h Aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen
ƒ Heart disease, respiratory problems, emphysema, cancer risks
h Other common medicines: antihistimines
ƒ Effects on nonsmokers
ƒ Use medicines responsibly
ƒ Smokeless tobacco
ƒ Drug abuse and the body systems:
h Biblical discernment and substance abuse
ƒ Effects of drug use:
h Psychoactive drugs, physical vs. psychological dependence Pursuing Right Relationships
ƒ Addiction, tolerance ƒ Putting God first:
ƒ Narcotics: h Becoming spiritually fit: continuous workout, resting in Him
ƒ Opiates: ƒ Maintaining spiritual fitness:
h Morphine, codeine ƒ Essential nutrition, power through prayer
ƒ Heroin h Exercise forgiveness
h Opioids ƒ Thinking of others:
ƒ Hallucinogens: h Maturing relationships: responsible behavior, effective communi-
h Psychedelic drugs, LSD, flashback, PCP, MDMA, ketamine cation, wholesome associations
ƒ Stimulants: h Family interactions: parent-child relationships, sibling relationships
ƒ Cocaine, crack ƒ Close friendships: friendship qualities, influence from peers
h Amphetamines

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GRADE 9

BIBLE: Kings of Israel

Kings of Israel charts the course of Israel’s history. First semester covers the lives of Evaluation
Saul, David, and Solomon–the kings of the United Kingdom of Israel–up to the divi- ƒ Verses:
sion of the kingdom between Israel and Judah. Second semester covers the kings
ƒ Verse quizzes (28)
of Israel and Judah, the Assyrian and Babylonian captivities, and the return of the
ƒ 9-weeks verses exams (2)
Jewish people to Jerusalem.
ƒ Semester verses exam (1)
Information is given in an easy-to-follow outline format. Numerous applications ƒ Final verses exam (1)
are given for nearly every outline to help students understand how these portions ƒ Content:
of Scripture relate to the temptations and problems they face every day. ƒ Quizzes (10)
ƒ Quizzes on the books of the Bible (2)
ƒ 9-weeks exams (2)
ƒ Semester exam (1)
ƒ Final exam (1)

h RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 137 ƒ Elijah:

ƒ Samuel: God directs Samuel to choose a king for Israel ƒ Elijah proclaims drought
ƒ Saul: ƒ Mount Carmel contest with Ahab and false prophets
ƒ Saul is chosen to be king ƒ Discouraged by Jezebel’s letter
ƒ Saul disobeys God h Jehoshaphat and Ahab demonstrate need for Christian separa-
tion
ƒ David:
ƒ Elijah enters Heaven
ƒ Chosen to be king
ƒ Elisha: his calling and miracles
ƒ His faith in God when fighting Goliath
h Countdown to captivity
ƒ Flees from Saul
h Hezekiah: prayer and test
ƒ Davidic kingdom established
h Isaiah: prophet of God
ƒ Sin committed with Bathsheba and repentance
h Josiah: last good king
ƒ Importance of proper friendships: David and Jonathan
h Last kings of Judah witness destruction of Jerusalem
ƒ Absalom’s rebellion and defeat
ƒ Daniel:
ƒ Sin and consequences in taking census
ƒ Nebuchadnezzar’s dream of world empires
ƒ Character of David
ƒ Nebuchadnezzar exalted and humbled
h Psalms:
ƒ Belshazzar sees handwriting on wall
h Decision and destiny
ƒ Esther boldly stands before the king
h Praising the Lord
ƒ Ezra: children of Israel return to rebuild the Temple
ƒ Solomon:
ƒ Nehemiah shows leadership skills in building wall and working with
ƒ Asks for God’s wisdom
people
ƒ Monarchy of Israel with Solomon as king
h Christian and civil authority Music 91 songs
h Building and dedication of the Temple ƒ Choruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs
h Sunset of Israel’s Golden Age
h Proverbs: selected topics such as truths about your heart,
Memory Work
communicating with others, work, honesty, correction, money, and ƒ Passages (28 containing 97 verses)
relationships ƒ Books of the Bible
h The Divided Kingdom: contrasts in North and South
Prayer Time
ƒ Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us

152