Lesson 1: Multimedia Formats in Interpreting Literary

Lesson Description: Multimedia is the use of a computer to present and combine text, graphics,
audio, and video with links and tools that let the user navigate, interact, create, and communicate.
This definition contains four components essential to multimedia. First, there must be a computer to
coordinate what you see and hear, and to interact with. Second, there must be links that connect the
information. Third, there must be navigational tools that let you traverse the web of connected
information. Finally, because multimedia is not a spectator sport, there must be ways for you to
gather, process, and communicate your own information and ideas. If one of these components is
missing, you do not have multimedia. For example, if you have no computer to provide interactivity,
you have mixed media, not multimedia. If there are no links to provide a sense of structure and
dimension, you have a bookshelf, not multimedia. If there are no navigational tools to let you decide
the course of action, you have a movie, not multimedia. If you cannot create and contribute your own
ideas, you have a television, not multimedia.

Course Objectives: The learner will be able to:

1. Define multimedia.
2. Identify multimedia formats in interpreting literary texts.
3. Illustrate multimedia formats in interpreting literary texts.

What is Multimedia?

Multimedia refers to content that uses more than one medium. The categories of media are
slippery, but they generally include:

 Text
 Sound
 Graphics/images
 Animation/video (live footage as opposed to animation)

Multimedia became an important concept as

the Web moved away from a largely textual layout to
a graphical one. Many sites were competing to
become true multimedia sites with a mixture of text,
sound, images and videos.

Multimedia means that computer information

can be represented through audio, video, and
animation in addition to traditional media (i.e., text,
graphics/drawings, images).

Multimedia is the field concerned with the computer controlled integration of text, graphics,
drawings, still and moving images (Video), animation, audio, and any other media where every type
of information can be represented, stored, transmitted and processed digitally.

Multimedia is a media that uses multiple form of information content and information
processing.
What are the Multimedia Formats in Interpreting Literary Texts?

a. BLOG

A blog (a shortened version of “weblog”) is an online journal or informational website displaying

information in reverse chronological order, with the latest posts appearing first, at the top. It is
a platform where a writer or a group of writers share their views on an individual subject.

Blog structure

The appearance of blogs has changed over time, and these days blogs include a wide variety
of items and widgets. However, most blogs still include some standard features and structures.

Here are common features that a typical blog will include:

 Header with the menu or navigation bar.

 Main content area with highlighted or latest blog posts.
 Sidebar with social profiles, favorite content, or call-to-action.
 Footer with relevant links like a disclaimer, privacy policy, contact page, etc.
What differentiates blogs from websites?

Blogs need frequent updates. Good examples of this include a food blog sharing meal recipes
or a company writing about their industry news.

Blogs also promote reader engagement. Readers have a chance to comment and voice their
different concerns and thoughts to the community. Blog owners update their site with new blog
posts on a regular basis.

On the other hand, websites consist of the content presented on static pages. Static website
owners rarely update their pages.

Key elements that identify a blog post from a static website page include a publishing date,
author reference, categories, and tags within a byline. While not all blog posts have all of those
byline elements, static website pages do not have any of these items. From a visitor’s
perspective, the content on a static site will not change from one visit to the next. However,
depending on the blog owner’s publishing schedule, the content on a blog will offer something
new each day, week, or month.

What is blogging?

In the early 2000s, blogging emerged in a variety of forms when several political blogs were
born. Blogs with how-to manuals also began to appear. Established institutions began to note
the difference between journalism and blogging.

Definition of blogging

Blogging is a collection of skills that one needs to run and supervise a blog. This entails
equipping a web page with tools to make the process of writing, posting, linking, and sharing
content easier on the internet.

Who is a blogger?

In recent times, bloggers have become famous for various reasons. Blogging has become an
alternative career or side gig for many. Seeing this, even more, people are choosing to join the
blogging ranks.

So who are bloggers? Bloggers are individuals who love sharing parts of their lives with you.
They post on various topics from arts, home designs, carpentry, and finance articles. Bloggers
are mobile and don’t need to be in one place. They live on the internet!

Definition of a blogger

A blogger is someone who runs and controls a blog. He or she shares his or her opinion and
knowledge on different topics for a target audience.
Example:

SOURCE: https://blog.ted.com/
SOURCE: https://www.travelingmitch.com/mostrecent/best-cities-in-ireland-to-visit
b. MIND MAPPING

A mind map is a tool for the brain that captures the thinking that goes on inside your head.
Mind mapping helps you think, collect knowledge, remember and create ideas. Most likely it
will make you a better thinker.

Mind maps can be created in many different ways, but they share the same basics:

 Central theme

A central theme is placed in the center of a blank page. This

is the title, the subject, a problem or just a thought. When
thinking of something images automatically take form in your
head. For example the image of a “colorful bunch of balloons”
when thinking of “birthday”.

 Associations

From the central theme associations radiate out. Associations directly from the central
theme are called first level associations. Then second level associations are created,
third level and so on. The brain thinks by imagination and association. When
associations are created, connections are made. These connections are essential for
remembering and thinking.
 Curved lines

Associations are often drawn as curved lines. They are curved rather than straight,
because the brain likes curves.

 Keywords

Mind maps summarize information. Instead of sentences, ideally only single keywords
are used. A single word per association gives more freedom, creativity and clarity.

 Proximity

The length of a word ideally matches the length of a curved line. That causes
associated words to be in close proximity.
 7 associations

A mind map can have many first level associations, but the mind can only grasp about a
maximum of 7.

 Color & images

The use of color is important in the mind map. Research shows that people who use
color and images in their imagination, when they are learning, are better in
remembering than those who don’t.
Example:

c. MOBILE PHONE TEXTULA

Who Started Mobile Phone Textula?

FRANK G. RIVERA is best known as founder of the SINING KAMBAYOKA, a

flourishing theatre movement at Mindanao State University. His extensive theatre involvement
in the Philippine Educational Theatre Association (PETA) under Cecile Guidote and Lino
Brocka found its initial focus in scriptwriting for a television drama series, BALINTATAW.

Also known as “makata ng cellphone” with his popular “textula” series, Rivera has, to
date, authored 21 books of plays for stage, radio, TV and film; plus short stories, essays and
four books of poetry published by the UST Publishing House. He has received four National
Book Awards while his poems and “textula” are read in political rallies, passed around as text
messages, read on radio, posted on social media, printed in tabloid and newspaper columns,
recited in school programs and utilized as material in oratorical and declamation contests.
 How It Started?

It all started in the year 2005. Every day, Frank G. Rivera sends poems about his
opinions, criticisms, economy, politics and happenings in the society to his close friends via
text. He inspired some of the Filipino poet writers to do the same thing and it was later on
called as Mobile phone Textula. It spread throughout the Philippines and organizations such as
Linangan sa Imahen, Retorika, at Anyo (LIRA) and Filipinas Translation Institute sponsored
contests of textula.

How Did It Became A Genre?

US-based technology and social media news blog Mashable.com released an

infographic detailing text messaging trends in the US and around the world.

Surprisingly, the Philippines continues to be the text messaging capital of the world.

It is visible that almost 95% of Filipino citizens use text messaging and by this medium
Mobile phone textula became a hit for Filipino Poet writers and even for average people.

Since mobile phone textula was introduced by different organizations, many Filipino
Poet writers started to write their own textula and send it to anyone via text. Joel Costa
Malabanan which is a professor in Philippine Normal University and Arthur P. Casanova which
is a former student of Frank were some of the writers who were inspired by Frank Rivera’s
works.

Compare & Contrast Mobile Phone Textula

Unlike any other genres, Mobile phone textula could be in any type of poem as long as
it has meter (sukat) and rhyme (tugma). It can be a Sonnet (a fourteen-line poem with 10
syllables and has several rhyme schemes), Haiku (consist of 3 lines wherein first and last lines
have 5 syllables and the middle line has 7 syllables and rhymes at the end), Dalit (consisting of
four lines with eight syllables each and rhymes at the end) and Tanaga (consisting of four lines
with seven syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line) . Frank G. Rivera’s
textula works are often composed of 12 syllables per line.

One unique characteristic of mobile phone textula is also the style of writing or typing it.
Textula writers use the symbol (/) to employ that it is already the end of the line and they use
(//) or (///) in every end of a stanza.

Example:

“SONETO SA PAGLISAN” Makata Ng Cellphone

Frank G. Rivera
Dumating at saka muli kang aalis/ On September 29, 2013
Takbo ng orasan lalong pinabilis/
Bayang mahilig sa ganda/
Sana ang dahilan sa iyong pagdalaw/ Inuuna ang postura/
Walang laman ang bituka/
Ang namuong lungkot agad na nilusaw./ Kundi Gasgas na pag-asa//

At sa muli natin ngayong pagsasama/ Si Megan Young nang manalo/

Nagbunyi ang Pilipino/
Dadalhin natin ang bagong alaala/
May dala sanang asenso/
Lalong pinag-init ang pasasamahan/ Magkakapag-asa tayo//

Na nagpayaman sa karanasan./ Nagkagyera sa Mindanao/

Kaban ng bayan ninakaw/
Sa iyong pag-alis muli mong baunin/
Sa bagyo'y daming pumanaw/
Matataimtim na mga panalangin/ Miss World, salamat sa araw//

Saka kakandunign an gaming pagliyag/

Na sa paglalakbay magpapahalakhak./

Tawang maririnig, magpapagunita/

Kahit ka lumisan, hindi ka nawala.///

Frank G. Rivera
Ika-30 ng Hunyo, 2016

SOURCE: https://20pazclarisservice.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/textula.jpg
 d. SLIDESHOW PRESENTATION

A slide show or slide presentation is a series of pictures or pages of information (slides),

often displayed on a large screen using a video projector. The first slide shows were done with
pictures on pieces of glass, to be later replaced photographic film slides in the 1940s. As the
technology improved, overhead projectors began being used to project a picture on a screen.
The slides were made with transparent slide media about the size of a piece of paper. Printers
could print text and images on this media or dry-erase markers could be used to write and
draw on the media.

A slide in a slide show is essentially a single screen of information, able to display text,
charts, and images. A slide can also feature various transitions, which are added effects to
enhance the slide and provide different viewing styles. Transitions can include words fading in
or out of view, words sliding in to view from the left, right, top or bottom of the slide, and others.
Slide-based presentations are a popular choice for business meetings, due to the ease of
creating each slide and attention they can grab from viewers when done correctly.

Example:

"Pixar's 22 Rules to Phenomenal Storytelling," Gavin McMahon

SOURCE:
https://www.slideshare.net/powerfulpoint/pixar-
22rulestophenomenalstorytellingpowerfulpointslideshare?ref=https://blog.hubspot.com/blog/tabid/630
7/bid/6012/17-examples-of-great-presentation-design.aspx

e. TAG CLOUD

A tag cloud is a logical arrangement of keywords within a textual content that visually
describes the subject of a website, blog or any other text. Tags representing the most popular
topics are highlighted using bold, larger fonts or increased color saturation to make it easy to
see the most popular tags on the page. Tag clouds are used as a navigation or visualization
tool to help users search the content easily.

A tag cloud is also known as word cloud or weighted list.

A tag cloud is a visual, stylized method that represents the occurrence of words or tags
within a textual content such as websites, articles, speeches and databases. The tags in a tag
cloud are represented according to their frequency, weight and meaning relative to other tags.
They may be sorted alphabetically or according to their relevance, frequency or similarity.
 Various methods are used to configure how the tags are represented. These include
using varying fonts, colors and backgrounds. The large, bold or contrasting colors represent
the most popular tags. Website visitors therefore are able to easily see the popular tags and
discover the topics covered in one quick look. The tags in the cloud link to their respective
content, and clicking on a tag opens up the referred content.

Tag cloud generators are available either as a plug-in in most website publishing
software or as a standalone application. They usually generate the tag clouds automatically by
analyzing the keywords or frequent words on a website or text. However, the tools may differ
depending on whether a website is static or dynamic.

The use of tag clouds has advantages as well as some disadvantages, which may vary
depending on the user goals. For example, they help users know immediately what the
website is about; in addition to helping them browse and navigate through the Web page.
However, if not properly configured, tag clouds can cause a website to have too much clutter,
keyword spamming or excessive links.

The usability and effectiveness of tag clouds depend on factors such as the font size,
weight, color, alphabetization, sorting and other visual features that influence the speed of
finding a tag.

Types of Tag Clouds

There is a variety of ways to implement tag clouds. Some methods are more popular
than the other ones. Most clouds are primarily sorted alphabetically.

 Tags are sorted alphabetically. The most important or frequent terms are highlighted via
an appropriate font size.
 Tags are sorted alphabetically. All terms have the same font size and weight. More
important terms are highlighted with a font color or a background color.
 Tags are sorted according to their importance or frequency. Both font-size and colors
can be used to emphasize the importance of terms.
 Tags aren’t sorted at all. Font-size, font-weight and colors in use.
 Tags are sorted according to their similarity. Similar terms appear as neighbors next to
each other. A variety of visual formatting can be applied.

Example:
 f. VIDEO

The term video refers to the moving picture, accompanied by sound such as a picture in
television. Video element of multimedia application gives a lot of information in small duration of
time. Digital video is useful in multimedia application for showing real life objects. Video have
highest performance demand on the computer memory and on the bandwidth if placed on the
internet. Digital video files can be stored like any other files in the computer and the quality of the
video can still be maintained. The digital video files can be transferred within a computer network.
The digital video clips can be edited easily.

ACTIVITY #1

Create a DIY Portfolio and include the following:

 Sample of Web Blog about Daily Activities for 1 week.

Follow the format below:

 Sample of Mind Mapping about Online Class. Create your own style.
Example:

 Sample of Mobile Phone Textula about LOVE, FRIENDSHIP, POLITICS, EDUCATION,

FAMILY, RELIGION, or ENVIRONMENT.
 Sample of Slideshow Presentation about:
 Mathematics Facts or Trivias
Note: You can search at least 5 examples.
 Sample of Tag Cloud about your own personality.
References:

Electronics:

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3118/multimedia
https://www.ftms.edu.my/images/Document/MMGD0101%20-
%20Introduction%20to%20Multimedia/MMGD0101%20chapter%201.pdf
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/americanlit1/chapter/why-it-matters/
https://firstsiteguide.com/what-is-blog/
https://www.sitebuilderreport.com/inspiration/blog-examples
https://simplemind.eu/how-to-mind-map/basics/
https://prezi.com/e-_ch4-rzx8a/mobile-phone-textula/
https://www.sushidog.com/bpss/appendix.htm
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/slidesho.htm
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5200/tag-cloud
https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2007/11/tag-clouds-gallery-examples-and-good-
practices-2/

Prepared by:

ROCHELL R. PETIL
JHS/SHS Teacher