Aromatherapy and Occupational Therapy
Helen Sanderson and Judy Ruddle
Introduction
The recent popularity of alternative or complementary medi-
cines is reflected in the profession as many occupational ther-
apists are considering their use in the treatment of clients.
This interest has also been mirrored in the physiotherapy and
nursing professions with introductions to complementary ther-
apies now being included in several training courses.
Occupational therapists need to consider whether aromathera-
py can offer anything as a 'therapeutic activity' and whether
the boundaries of the profession could be extended to consid-
er using some basic aromatherapy techniques.
This article examines what aromatherapy is, issues around
its use as a therapeutic activity and how it is currently being
utilised by occupational therapists.
What is aromatherapy?
Aromatherapy is the use and application of essential oils to
promote health and wellbeing through massage, inhalation,
baths, compresses, creams and lotlons.i
Essential oils are natural, non-oily fragrant essences which
are extracted from plants through the process of distillation.
The oils are obtained from various parts of a plant, from the
flower (lavender), stem (Iemongrass), leaf (eucalyptus, gerani-
um), or tree (sandalwood).
Each oil is thought to have its own therapeutic effect on
certain parts of the mind, the body and its systems. Essential
oils have many different properties, often including antide-
pressant, antibacterial or sedative qualitles.s
Although used beneficially for many years, the properties
of essential oils are now being examined by the medical and
scientific comrnunrty.e
Data are being gathered to support claims made regarding
the ptiysical and psychological effects of essential oils.
Essential oil of tea tree has now been established as a rival
to benzol peroxide in the treatment of acne, yet with fewer
side effects. 3
Torti.s from Toho University School of Medicine in Japan,
has conducted studies examining the effects of the aroma of
different essential oils through monitoring brain waves. The
researchers tested 19 different essential oils and found that
when the subject was presented with the fragrance of an invig-
orating oil, such as jasmine, the amplitude of the brain wave
Helen Sanderson, DipCOT, SROT, DipSPA, MISPA, Development Officer, South Manchester Services for People with Learning Difficulties.
Address for correspondence: 23 Queenston Road, West Didsbury, Manchester M20 8NX.
Judy RUddle, DipCOT, SROT, DipSPA, MISPA, formerly Head Occupational Therapist, Community Resource Team (Learning Difficulties),
Sandbach, Crewe.
310
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increased. The amplitude of brain waves generally increases
when a person is alert and concentrating, and the stimulant
caffeine had the same effect. During the experiment, heart
rate and level of sleepiness did not change. The pattern of the
brain waves also consistently went down when the subjects
were exposed to the sedative fragrances of some essential
oils.s
The experimental data are interesting, but it is not within
the scope of the article to present a comprehensive literature
review of the current experimental and anecdotal support of
aromatherapy; the reader ;s referred to the references to con-
sider this.
The importance of touch
Many believe that the strength of aromatherapy lies in the
interrelation of the three elements of the essential oils, mas-
sage and therapist/client relationship.s Massage is therapeu-
tic touch, and the absence of touch has been shown to have
profound effects on health.
It is known that premature babies thrive and children in
hospital recover more quickly if touched and cuddled. Spitz,6
of the New York Foundling Hospital, found that although
babies in the hospital were kept well fed and in clean condi-
tions, they had a high death rate. Whilst in Mexico, Spitz
observed babies in a local orphanage, not so clean and well
fed but nevertheless happier and healthier than those in the
Foundling Hospital. The difference lay in the fact that the vil-
lage women came into the orphanage every day and played
with the children. They fondled, stroked and talked to the
babies, while in New York, the children were left in their cots.e
. Massage is an extension of the urge to 'rub something better'
and is a valued and age-appropriate way of introducing touch
into many people's lives.
Prescot," an American neuropsychologist, states that the
absence or withdrawal of physical affection in early life, and
even as an adult, may be responsible for many types of dis-
turbed behaviour, such as depression, violence, aggression
and hyperactiVity. Similar results have been found by Bowlby8
and Rutter? in their studies of maternal deprivation. As more
people recognise the importance of touch and its positive
effects on the immune system and psyche,10 so the value of
aromatherapy becomes more apparent.
British Journal of Occupational Therapy, August 1992, 55(8)
The history of aromatherapy
Although aromatherapy has only recently become popular, the
principles on which it is based have ancient origins. The earli-
est recorded uses of aromatic plants for medicinal purposes
date back to Egyptian times. At this time, plants were being
used both internally and externally for respiratory, skin and
intestinal problems as well as for cosmetic purposes, most
significantly for embalming. At the same time as the
Egyptians, aromatic oils were also being used within China
and India.
The use of aromatic oils within Europe is recorded in medi-
aeval manuscripts which make reference to how to infuse and
make certain scented oils. By the 16th century, with the
invention of printing, recipes which included methods of treat-
ment using aromatic oils were being published, It was also
noted that through the middle ages, glove makers and per-
fumers - who used the oils to mask body odour in particu-
lar - rarely, if ever, succumbed to any of the diseases/ill-
nesses of that tlme.>
The 18th and 19th centuries brought an increase in experi-
ments to reproduce the therapeutic properties of essential
oils synthetically and gradually medicines began to take the
place of aromatic oils. 2
However, the 20th century has brought renewed interest in
the use of essential oils and natural remedies generally.
Gattefosse, a French chemist, discovered that many of the
essential oils in his perfume products had in fact greater anti-
septic properties than their chemical counterparts. Following
an explosion in his laboratory, he burnt his hand badly and
plunged his hand into neat lavender oil. He discovered that
his hand healed exceptionally quickly and with no scarring,
which led him to research further the use of essential oils. It
was Gattefosse who first coined the term 'aromatherapie' and
in 1928 published the first modern book on the subject.1
Other French scientists and physicians have continued this
work including Valnet, who became known for the use of
essential oils to treat severe burns and battle injuries
throughout World War I, and later in the psychiatric hospltals.v
More recently Maury, a French biochemist who carried out
research on essential oils, further developed the massage
techniques used within aromatnerapy.e
The aims of aromatherapy
Today, aromatherapy is used in a variety of settings, including
the private sector, hospital and social services, by a variety of
health and social services professionals. Aromatherapy can
be used with all age and client groups: in physical medicine
and mental health, and with children, elderly people, and
those with learning disabilities. A qualified aromatherapist
may use aromatherapy to achieve any of the following thera-
peutic benefits:
1. To facilitate relaxation and reduce stress
2. To invigorate and promote activity and alertness
3. To stimulate sensory awareness
4. To facilitate and encourage interaction and communication
5. To treat medical problems using natural substances
6. To provide natural pain relief.
Depending on the client group, an aromatherapist may use
essential oils in a variety of ways to facilitate relaxation, to
invigorate or to treat medical problems through the tech-
niques of massage, compresses, creams, inhalations and
room aromas. However, further to this, olfactory stimulation
using essential oils can be used effectively within sensory
stimulation for people who have severe learning diffiCUlties
and in reminiscence work with elderly people."
Occupational therapists wishing to use aromatherapy may
just concentrate on the most common use of aromatherapy:
for relaxation.
British Journal of Occupational Therapy, August 1992, 55(8)
Aromatherapy and occupational
therapy
Holistic foundations
There has been a recent call for occupational therapists to
revert to their holistic foundations, rather than the current
emphasis on the medical model, and return to consider the
interrelation of mind and body.ll,12 The word 'holism' means
'the tendency in nature to produce wholes from the ordered
grouping of units'.13 A holistic approach encompasses the
belief that the primary responsibility for health and healing
remains with the individual receiving therapy. All aspects of
the individual are considered and the individual is not com-
partmentalised into physical, mental, spiritual and emotional
capacities.
Kielhofner 12 states that the profession has lost its coher-
ent foundation and much of its essential character through
being aligned more closely with the medical profession. As
stated earlier, in the general public there is a gradual move
away from an orthodox medical approach, with individuals
showing less Willingness to trust medical authority and
searching for ways to improve health through nutrition and fit-
ness using holistic or complementary therapies. In a recent
study, eight out of ten people questioned said that they would
use alternative practices to treat their altments.>
There is a gradual change in public attitudes where health
is no longer seen as simply a lack of disease but as 'well-
being', a more positive approach where mental and physical
wellbeing is actively sought after. The profession is challenged
as to whether to move with the times and consider the con-
cepts and practice of the profession in relation to current
changes of thought and practice. This could involve embracing
practices Which are considered 'alternative'15 or complemen-
tary.
Aromatherapy is a holistic therapy, considering the person
in terms of mind, body and spirit, in keeping with the funda-
mental tenets of occupational therapy as defined by Reillyll
and Kielhofner. 12
Aromatherapy began to be introduced to the medical pro-
fessions through the Aromatherapy-in-Careproject. This is a
voluntary service where aromatherapists work alongside the
medical profession in various hospitals and hospices through-
out the country coordinated by the International Federation of
Aromatherapists. There has been much interest from the
nursing and physiotherapy professions in aromatherapy and
massage.
Milne (unpublished Observations, 1990) made a compara-
tive study of the therapeutic potential of aromatherapy within
four NHS settings. The use of aromatherapy was examined
within a day hospice, surgical ward, infectious diseases unit
and acute psychiatric admissions ward. The subjects recorded
the benefits of aromatherapy as relaxation, an antidepres-
sant, a sedative, helping to alleviate muscle aches and pains,
breaking down barriers and encouraging people to talk,
strengthening the immune system, building trust and useful
for cosmetic reasons, for example, poor skin conditions.
At the Oxford Nursing Development Unit, patients are
offered an aromatherapy massage instead of analgesics or
seoauves.s One of the most commonly used sedatives is
temazepam, which now has a rival in effectiveness in the
form of essential oils of lavender and rnarioram.
A study undertaken using foot massage with people who
are in hospital with mental health problems indicated that
touching and massage are important in reducing tenslon.w
Many similar studies have been carried out in hospital set-
tings and Holrnes.w Sirns-? and Turton 18 have all evaluated
the positive therapeutic and relaxing value of massage.
311
Professional anxieties
As aromatherapy is beginning to become adopted in some
areas of the health service, many issues and professional
anxieties are raised for occupational therapists. Many claim
that occupational therapy's holistic stance is its greatest
strength.t? but as Green20 suggests this very strength could
be its Achilles heel: 'Occupational therapy is suffering from a
chronic case of role anxiety.'
Alongside this renewed interest in a holistic base, current
changes in the health service have also led to increased
emphasis on measuring objectives in behavioural terms,
accountability and identifying core skills. Green20 assesses
that without a unifying theoretical or skill base, there is little
to differentiate the occupational therapy profession from
other health professionals who perform rehabilitative func-
tions. There is much anxiety about other professions, who are
doing things which are seen as outside their core role, there-
fore affecting interprofessional boundaries. This has led to
the development of a conservative and reductionistic view
when, in identifying core skills, anything which is or can be
practised by another professional is considered not to be true
occupational therapy, rather than the more liberal view which
is grounded in a more flexible and holistic stance.
Aromatherapy, whilst also practised by other professions, is
well suited as a resource for occupational therapists.
When considering the possible use of aromatherapy, ques-
tions are asked about precise measured outcomes and cost-
effectiveness. Although a valuable quantitative research into
aromatherapy has already been cited,s the clinical effective-
ness of aromatherapy is best established through qualitative
data. 2
Since the value of aromatherapy is based on the interrela-
tion of the presence of the therapist, touch and essential oils,
quantitative research may not be an appropriate method for
identifying subtle changes in a person's quality of life. Kelly
and McFarlane15 suggest that qualitative research methods
are more consistent with occupational therapy values than the
reductionistic research approaches which quantitative study
fragments without considering contextual factors.
The current use of aromatherapy within occu-
pational therapy
Aromatherapy and massage are currently being used by many
occupational therapists and other professionals in a variety of
settings to develop a therapeutic relationship, as part of anxi-
ety management or sensory stimulation or to promote physi-
cal function, for example to help to mobilise stiff hands
before a hand class.
One such example is where an occupational therapist work-
ing with children massages the children's hands for 15 min-
utes using lavender essential oil in a carrier oil to relax mus-
cles and mobilise the joints prior to a hand class. Once the
hands are relaxed and opened out, the occupational therapist
can then move on to the main part of the treatment session,
which may include the use of switches to encourage control of
the environment or hand/finger painting for sensory purpos-
es.
With all client groups, aromatherapy can be used for relax-
ation purposes, whether this be through massage (full or part
body, hand or foot) alongside conventional relaxation tech-
niques or simply making a room fragrant with a relaxing scent.
The opposite effect to relaxation is one of invigoration
where the therapist is looking to encourage alertness or pro-
mote activity. Again, in this case, the oils may be burned to
create a room aroma or used in a morning bath, for example
to prepare for the day.
Working with elderly people, an occupational therapist may
use olfactory stimulation through essential oils to promote
312
concentration or within reality orientation or reminiscence
therapy groups. The smell of lavender or lemon may recall
specific memories for people. In the physical field, essential
oil of lavender is employed in several burns units to promote
rapid healing, and on wards for elderly patients the same oil
is used to promote restful sleep. Lastly, but as important,
there is the use of essential oils and aromatherapy within
sensory stimulation to encourage people with more severe
learning difficulties to become more aware of themselves and
their environment through the use of the senses of touch and
smell, through multisensory massage and interactive mas-
sage.i
Case histories are provided from occupational therapists
who are trained aromatherapists and describe how aromather-
apy has been used with people who have terminal illness or
mental health problems or who are HIV positive. These case
histories are presented as illustrations of the ways in which
aromatherapy could be utilised within occupational therapy
and should not be seen as an attempt to provide evidence or
proof that aromatherapy is effective.
Case histories
The use of aromatherapy with people who are
HIV positive
Fiona Roberts describes the use of aromatherapy with people
who are HIV positive: Aromatherapy and massage are two of a
large range of treatment techniques used with people affect-
ed by the HIV infection. Its use here evolved from finding
other anxiety management techniques unsuitable for the
client group, the majority of whom are drug users. Patients
found it difficult to aim for a relaxed state because they had
no experience of it. Aromatherapy and massage enables them
to discover relaxation whilst in a passive state. No responsi-
bility is put on the patient and this is anxiety relieving in itself.
It has then been possible to teach people other anxiety man-
agement techniques which they can use independently
because they know what a relaxed state feels like and there-
fore have something to aim for.
Tom is a 33-year-old man who was referred for occupation-
al therapy for anxiety management because his anxious state
was having an adverse effect on his independence. From his
initial interview, Tom attributed many of his symptoms of
sweating, headaches, palpitations and feeling faint to HIV
infection rather than anxiety. From this assessment it was
found that Tom's anxiety centred around what he felt was his
imminent death and the stigma of being HIV positive.
In practice, his anxiety focused on being alone in the
house in case he became ill. He also found it increasingly dif-
ficult to go out because he felt that people were looking at
him and knew his diagnosis. It became apparent from the
assessment that enormous strain was being placed on his
Wife who was unable to leave him at home. This coupled with
the knowledge that Tom was going to die was making their
relationship difficult.
The aims of Tom's occupational therapy programme in the
short term were to educate him regarding anxiety and the vari-
ous methods of managing it; give him reassurance regarding
the stages of HIV; and provide space to allow him to express
his fears about dying and to reduce his anxiety level. In the
long term, the aims were to enable Tom to stay in alone, to go
out and to teach his wife to massage him. Methods of treat-
ment included education about anxiety and coping mecha-
nisms, systematic desensitisation regarding staying in the
house alone, and simple relaxation.
Aromatherapy was chosen as part of the treatment pro-
gramme in order to enable Tom to experience a 'relaxed' state
whilst in a passive role and therefore reduce the risk of fail-
ure, and as something which he and his wife could eventually
British Journal of Occupational Therapy, August 1992, 55(8)
do together. In the initial stages of treatment, Tom was unable
to use other forms of simple relaxation. The essential oils
chosen were the relaxing oils of ylang ylang, bergamot and
lavender. Tea tree was included for its antiviral and antifungal
properties.
Tom was seen daily for one week whilst an inpatient, then
weekly for 8 weeks. Following discharge, he had open access
for other appointments when he felt that it was necessary.
The benefits from using aromatherapy included enabling Tom
to experience relaxation after the first massage without a
sense of failure which had a positive effect on his self-
esteem. It also provided him with an opportunity to talk about
death and his family life which he had previously found diffi-
cult. In the long term, the relaxed state which Tom experi-
enced through aromatherapy enabled him to try other forms
of anxiety management which he could use independently.
Tom wanted his wife to learn how to massage and in return
his wife wanted to be massaged. They both learned simple
massage skills which helped to remove Tom from the sick role
to some extent because he could show caring for his wife
through massage which improved their relationship.
Aromatherapy was used in this situation to meet some of
Tom's needs, where more traditional methods of relaxation
did not appear to be initially appropriate.
The use of aromatherapy within a hospice
Kathryn Boog describes the use of aromatherapy as part of
an occupational therapy programme to help a patient learn to
relax: Isobel was referred to the day hospice by one of the
doctors following a visit to her home. She is a 50-year-old
widow with a large family, who says that she has devoted her
life to looking after her family and now regrets that she has
had no time to spare for herself. Aromatherapy was chosen
as part of tsobel's programme as a way of giving her time and
space in which to relax and allow her the opportunity to learn
to care for herself and acknowledge her own needs.
lsobel decided that she would like a back and neck mas-
sage and the oils chosen were the relaxing oils of lavender,
geranium and rose in a grapeseed oil base. The initial mas-
sage lasted approximately 10 minutes, lsobel first having a
warm bath. Even during this short time she had closed her
eyes and relaxed and it was several minutes after the mas-
sage before she gradually roused herself. She described the
massage as wonderful and very relaxing.
Isobel thereafter had a massage twice weekly for approxi-
mately 20 minutes per session, after which she usually fell
asleep. She is now an inpatient in the hospice and, on the
day of her admission, she requested a massage to relax her
before going onto the ward. She continues to have twice-week-
ly massages which she describes as marvellous and which
have helped her to relax considerably.
The use of aromatherapy with people who
have mental health problems
Lesley McCallion describes the use of aromatherapy to treat
Henry, a 69-year-old retired carpenter: Henry was referred by
his GP and had always worked with his hands until ill health
forced him to give up 16 years previously.
An initial occupational therapy assessment revealed a vari-
ety of areas with which Henry wanted help. Henry was experi-
encing a decline in level of energy due to pain,depression
and frustration, feelings of anxiety, hyperventilation when dis-
tressed, sleep problems, high levels of pain-relieving medica-
tion resulting in feelings of helplessness and frustration, low
back pain and pain in head, neck and shoulders resulting in a
limited range of head, neck and shoulder movement, and a
marked Dupuytren's contracture in the right hand (he had
been on the waiting list for surgery for 5 years).
British Journal of Occupational Therapy, August 1992, 55(8)
The therapeutic techniques used by the occupational thera-
pist included aromatherapy massage and therapeutic baths
using lavender and marjoram in conjunction with more tradi-
tional relaxation techniques. In addition, Henry received coun-
selling which helped him to explore his feelings of loss,
accept his limitations and discuss a healthy balance of activi-
ty and relaxation.
Various essential oils were used over a 6-month period as
blends for massage. Rosemary and lavender obtained opti-
mum pain relief in this case and other oils were used to add
to the therapeutic effects of the above, including benzoin, car-
damon, juniper, bergamot, neroli, tea tree and pine during dif-
ferent massages. The last three were chosen during periods
of sinus trouble and chest infection to which Henry was also
vulnerable.
After 6 months various changes had occurred:
50% reduction in medication ' ,
- Increased range of movement in his neck, head and shoul-
ders
- No sleep problems
- Reduction in anxiety and sadness
- Widely applied relaxation techniques
- Decrease in back pain
Increase in assertiveness, resulting in obtaining by
requests an appointment for surgery
- Increase in overall levels of satisfying activity: during the
spring Henry dug and stocked a pond to his immense satis-
faction.
Conclusion
This overview describes the nature of aromatherapy and con-
siders some ofthe issues related to its use. It is hoped that it
will introduce occupational therapists to aromatherapy as a
treatment medium and encourage them to consider its use for
relaxation within the therapeutic environment.
With the general public's gradual move from the orthodox
medical approach towards improvement of health and wellbe-
ing through nutrition, exercise, relaxation and complementary
therapies, the profession also needs to consider Whether to
include new approaches to relaxation and wellbeing such as
aromatherapy.
Most advocates of the use of aromatherapy would not
encourage the adoption of full body massage as an accepted
occupational therapy intervention, since they feel it should be
left to the arometneraptst, massage therapist or physiothera-
pist where required. Others consider that if the occupational
therapist is qualified in aromatherapy then he/she could offer
full body massage as part of a treatment plan.
The use of hand and foot massage as 'tools for the occu-
pational therapist's kit bag', could be considered, and with
training the use of essential oils to make massage oil or to
vaporise in a treatment session.
Occupational therapists with aromatherapy qualifications
have been invited to a couple of occupational therapy schools
to speak on the basics of aromatherapy. However, to prevent
tarnishing the reputations of either occupational therapy or
arornatherapy, guidelines are currently being developed for the
use of complementary practices.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to the three contributors - Fiona Roberts, Kathryn Boog
and Lesley McCallion - for their help in making this paper possible;
to Michael Chevalier and Andy Gitsham for their editorial assistance;
and to Sheila Milne for details of her study for a BSCOT.
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COT 17th Annual Conference,
Loughborough
Workshops
Regional officers' workshop
As the newly elected Secretary of the South West Thames
Regional Group of BAOT, the day organised by Jackie Holder
and Jill Rees was just what I needed in order to put everything
firmly in perspective.
The day started with a talk from Christine Craik on the role
of the Council and of the Chairman of Council. She related the
history of BAOT and described the composition of Council and
the various committee structures. She told us that the only
criterion for standing for Chairman of Council is to have been
a professional member of at least 5 years' good standing -
'good' presumably meaning having paid the subscription! The
Chairman is elected by the membership annually, but cannot
serve on Council for more than 5 years. Mrs Craik went on to
list the various committees she chairs and told us that,
together with the Secretary, she coordinates the business of
BAOT/COT and represents them at key events.
Beryl Steeden, Head of Professional Affairs at COT, spoke
of the Professional Affairs Department which consists of the
Education Department and DISC. The annual student intake is
approximately 1200 and there are 27 occupational therapy
courses throughout the country; as of 1992, the 3-year full-
time courses (4-year full-time in Ulster) are all of degree sta-
tus. The DISC service would be available from 20 July, includ-
ing a general enquiry and library service. A leaflet giving full
details is available from COT.
Four regional officers then each gave a 5-minute talk on
the successes and problems of working at regional level. Vikki
Wallace (PRO, Northern Region) talked about the problems of
covering a large geographical region which is sparsely populat-
ed. Their answer was to have two PROs, one covering the East
and one the West of the region. Sarah Fitzgerald (Regional
Steward, Trent Region) talked about better communication by
having district stewards throughout the region. Tina Chapman
(Chairman, Scottish Central Region) told us about the suc-
cessful formation of three flourishing sub-groups within the
region during the past 2 years. And Rosemary Gregory
(Chairman, South West Thames Region) told us about poor
attendance at sub-groupmeetings and how she had circulated
314
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1. Br J Occup Ther 1991; 54(3): 95-100.
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morale of NHS remedial therapists; an extended final report.
Health Soc Serv J 1977; 87.
20. Green S. Shaking our foundations, part 2. Br J Occup Ther 1991;
54(2): 53-56.
80 questionnaires asking members what they wanted and
only received 3 replies!
The main speaker of the day was Jo Lucas, Development
Director for National MIND, who spoke on cascading informa-
tion down to members of MIND. The structure of MIND is dif·
ferent to BAOT, with a national office in Harley Street, six
regional offices. and many local associations and individual
members. Ms Lucas talked about the different reasons why
you communicate. to whom, and what issues need consider-
ing - whether a response is needed or whether the commu-
nication is for information or consultation. She suggested that
'information sent' and 'response needed' could be shown by
using different colour paper, thus bringing it to members'
attention.
Stephanie Correia then spoke on the roles of the BAOT
regional steward and the BAOT/Apex staff representative.
Here we heard about the importance of having stewards, par-
ticularly with the changes in NHS. There are 40 trade unions
in the NHS and the trusts are not recognising all these. The
trusts are writing their own policies of, for example. equal
opportunity and grievance procedures. and stewards need to
be involved in this. There are about 450 stewards around the
country and ideally each one should look after 10 BAOT mem-
bers. BAOT has automatic recognition in the NHS but did not
achieve this with local authorities so entered into a relation-
ship with GMB/Apex. BAOT members everywhere only have
representation if there are BAOT stewards or Apex staff repre-
sentatives. so these posts are vital.
The final speaker of the day was Sheelagh Richards who
told us about her role as Occupational Therapy Officer in the
Department of Health. The role is essentially an adviser to
England and she went on to describe the various divisions in
the Department of Health. There are three therapy officers -
occupational therapy, physiotherapy and speech/language -
and their main role is to provide professional advice to the
Department. Mrs Richards can be contacted at: Room 338.
Department of Health. Wellington House. 133-155 Waterloo
Road. London SE1 8UG.
Sally Hale,
Secretary, SW Thames Regional Group.
BritiSh Joumal of Occupational Therapy, August 1992, 55(8)