LAB 4-ECD-I-Lab

International Islamic University Islamabad
Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Department of Electrical Engineering
ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT DESIGN-I LAB (EE202L)
Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits
Name of Student: ……………………………………
Registration No.: ……………………………………..
Date of Experiment: …………………………………
Submitted To: ………………………………………,..
Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits Page 1

Objective:
 To calculate, draw and measure the output voltage of series and parallel clipping circuits.
Equipment Required:
 DC Supply =1.5V or 1.5V DC Cell
 DMM
 Function Generator
 Oscilloscope
 Resistors: 2.2-kΩ [Qty =2];
 Silicon Diode: 1N4007 [Qty =2];
 Connecting wires
Theory:
The primary function of “clipper” is to “clip” away a portion of an applied alternating
signal. The process is typically performed by a resistor-diode combination, but DC batteries are
also incorporated to provide additional shifts or “cuts” of the applied voltage. The analysis of
clippers with square wave inputs is the easiest to perform since there are only two levels of input
voltage to be concerned about. Each level can be treated as a DC input and the output voltage
for the corresponding time can be determined. For sinusoidal and triangular inputs, various
instantaneous values can be treated as DC levels and the output level can be determined. Once a
sufficient number of plot points for VO have been determined, the output voltage can be
sketched in total. Once the basic behavior of clippers is established, the effect of the placement
of elements in various positions can be predicted.
Procedure:
Part 1: Threshold Voltage
Determine the threshold voltage for the silicon diodes using the diode checking capability of the
DMM or a curve tracer. If the diode checking capability or curve tracer is unavailable, assume
VT = 0.7V for the silicon diode.
VT (measured) = _____________
Part 2: Parallel Clippers

a. Construct the clipping network of Figure 4.1 on the breadboard. Record the measured value
of resistance (R) and voltage of the DC battery. Note that the input is an 8V p-p square wave
at a frequency of 1-kHz.

Figure 4.1
R (measured) =_________
E (measured) =_________
b. Using the measured values of R, E and VT, calculate the voltage VO when the applied square
wave is +4V. That is, at any instant the input is +4V what is the level of VO?
VO (calculated) [when input voltage is +4V] = ___________
c. Repeat step 2(b) when the applied square wave is -4V.
VO (calculated) [when input voltage is -4V] = ___________

d. Using the results of step 2(b) and 2(c), sketch the expected waveform for VO on the Figure
4.2. Record your chosen vertical and horizontal sensitivities.
Vertical Sensitivity = ___________
Horizontal Sensitivity = ___________
Figure 4.2

e. Using the sensitivities chosen in step 2(d), set the input square wave to 8V(p-p) with f = 1-kHz
and record VO on the Figure 4.3 using the oscilloscope. Be sure to preset the VO = 0V line
using GND position of the coupling switch (and the DC position to view the waveform).
Figure 4.3
f. How does the waveform of Figure 4.3 compare with the predicted result of Figure 4.2?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
g. Reverse the battery of Figure 4.1 as shown in Figure 4.4.
Figure 4.4
h. Using the measured value of R, E and VT, calculate the level of VO when the applied square
wave is +4V.
i. Repeat step 2(h) when the applied square wave is -4V.

j. Using the results of step 2(h) and 2(i), sketch the expected waveform for VO on the Figure
Figure 4.5
k. Using the sensitivities chosen in step 2(j), set the input square wave to 8V(p-p) with f = 1-kHz
Figure 4.6
l. How does the waveform of Figure 4.6 compare with the predicted result of Figure 4.5?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Part 3: Parallel Clippers (continued)
a. Construct the network of Figure 4.7. Record the measured value of the resistance.
Figure 4.7
R (measured) =________
b. Using the levels of VT determined in Part 1, calculate the level of VO when the applied
square wave is +4V.
VO (calculated) [when input voltage is +4V] = __________
c. Repeat Part 3(b) when the applied square wave is -4V.
Figure 4.8

e. Using the sensitivities chosen in step 3(d), set the input square wave to 8V(p-p) with f = 1-kHz
and record VO on the Figure 4.9 using the oscilloscope. Be sure to preset the VO = 0V line using
GND position of the coupling switch (and the DC position to view the waveform).
Figure 4.9
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Part 4: Parallel Clippers (Sinusoidal input)
a. Rebuild the circuit of Figure 4.1 but change the input signal to 8Vp-p sinusoidal signal with
the same frequency (1-kHz) as shown in Figure 4.10.
Figure 4.10
b. Using the results of Part 2 and any other analysis technique, sketch the expected output
waveform for VO on Figure 4.11 in particular find VO when the applied signal is at its
positive, negative peak and zero volts. Also record the chosen vertical and horizontal
sensitivities below.

VO (calculated) [when input voltage is 0V] = ___________
Figure 4.11
c. Using the sensitivities chosen in step 4(b), set the input sine wave to 8V(p-p) with f = 1-kHz
Figure 4.12
d. How does the waveform of Figure 4.12 compare with the predicted result of Figure 4.11?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Part 5: Series Clippers
a. Construct the clipping network of Figure 4.13 on the breadboard. Record the measured value
of resistance (R) and voltage of the DC battery. Note that the input is an 8V p-p square wave
at a frequency of 1-kHz.
Figure 4.13
R (measured) =_________
E (measured) =_________
b. Using the measured values of R, E and VT, calculate the voltage VO when the applied square
wave is +4V. That is, at any instant the input is +4V what is the level of VO?
c. Repeat step 5(b) when the applied square wave is -4V.

Figure 4.14
e. Using the sensitivities chosen in step 5(d), set the input square wave to 8V(p-p)
with f = 1-kHz and record VO on the Figure 4.15 using the oscilloscope. Be sure to
preset the VO = 0V line using GND position of the coupling switch (and the DC
position to view the waveform).
Figure 4.15
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
g. Reverse the battery of Figure 4.13 as shown in Figure 4.16.

Figure 4.16
h. Using the measured value of R, E and VT, calculate the level of VO when the applied square
wave is +4V.
i. Repeat step 5(h) when the applied square wave is -4V.
j. Using the results of step 5(h) and 5(i), sketch the expected waveform for VO on the Figure
Figure 4.17
k. Using the sensitivities chosen in step 5(j), set the input square wave to 8V(p-p) with f = 1-kHz

Figure 4.18
l. How does the waveform of Figure 4.18 compare with the predicted result of Figure 4.17?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Part. 6: Series Clippers (Sinusoidal Input)

a. Rebuild the circuit of Figure 4.13 but change the input signal to 8Vp-p sinusoidal signal with
the same frequency (1-kHz) as shown in Figure 4.19
Figure 4.19
b. Using the results of Part 5 and any other analysis technique, sketch the expected output
waveform for VO on Figure 4.20 in particular find VO when the applied signal is at its
positive, negative peak and zero volts. Also, record the chosen vertical and horizontal
sensitivities below.

VO (calculated) [when input voltage is 0V] = ___________
Figure 4.20
e. Using the sensitivities chosen in step 6(b), set the input sine wave to 8V(p-p) with f = 1-kHz
Figure 4.21
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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International Islamic University Islamabad

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT DESIGN-I LAB (EE202L)

Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits

Name of Student: ……………………………………

Registration No.: ……………………………………..

Date of Experiment: …………………………………

Submitted To: ………………………………………,..

Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits Page 1

VT = 0.7V for the silicon diode.

Part 2: Parallel Clippers

Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits Page 2

c. Repeat step 2(b) when the applied square wave is -4V.

VO (calculated) [when input voltage is -4V] = ___________

Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits Page 3

Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits Page 4

Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits Page 5

Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits Page 6

Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits Page 7

Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits Page 8

VO (calculated) [when input voltage is +4V] = ___________

c. Repeat step 5(b) when the applied square wave is -4V.

VO (calculated) [when input voltage is -4V] = ___________

4.14. Record your chosen vertical and horizontal sensitivities.

Vertical Sensitivity = ___________

Horizontal Sensitivity = ___________

Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits Page 9

g. Reverse the battery of Figure 4.13 as shown in Figure 4.16.

Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits Page 10

Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits Page 11

Part. 6: Series Clippers (Sinusoidal Input)

Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits Page 12

Experiment No. 4: Clipping Circuits Page 13

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