Geothermal power plant

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 Geothermal Energy

Geothermal energy is heat inside the earth.

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What is Geothermal?

Geothermal comes from the

Greek words geo (earth) and
thermal (heat).

Thus, geothermal energy

means heat inside the earth.

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Layout of a Geothermal Plant

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TYPES OF GEO-THERMAL
POWER PLANT

• DIRECT DRY STEAM

• FLASH AND DOUBLE FLASH
STEAM CYCLE
• BINARY CYCLE

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 DIRECT DRY STEAM

• Steam plants use

hydrothermal fluids that
are primarily steam.
• Steam goes directly to a
turbine, which drives a
generator that produces
electricity.
• Steam eliminates the
need to burn fossil fuels
to run the turbine.
• These plants emit only
excess steam and very
minor amounts of gases.
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 FLASH CYCLE

• Fluid(182°C) is sprayed
into a tank held at a
much lower pressure than
the fluid.
• The vapour then drives a
turbine, which drives a
generator.
• If any liquid remains in
the tank, it can be flashed
again in a second tank
(double flash) to extract
even more energy.

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 BINARY CYCLE

• Moderate-temperature water is
used in it.
•Hot geothermal fluid and a
secondary fluid with a much
lower boiling point than water
pass through a heat exchanger.
•Heat from the geothermal fluid
causes the secondary fluid to
flash to vapour, which then
drives the turbines.
•Because this is a closed-loop
system, nothing is emitted to
the atmosphere.
•Most efficient for future.

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EXTRACTION WELL

• The function of this extraction well is

only to pump up the hot liquid(here water)
from the reservoir.
• This well serves as the feed to the
separator.
• It carries the supply from the reservoir that
is the original mixture of water(as mist)
and the steam(the vapor).
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 INJECTION WELL
1. The basic idea behind an injector is to inject, or recycle the fluid (generally
water) back to the reservoir to complete the loop.
2.The injected fluid enhances the transmissivity of the rocks and maintains the
reservoir fluid.
3. The injection well has lines coming out from the separator as well as the
condenser and the cooling tower which finally connect together to the main
pipeline back to the reservoir.
4.Also, if the water is to be used for any other purpose than electricity generation,
the supply can be taken from the injection wells as well (i.e. Apart from that from
the reservoir).

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 The Geothermal Heat Pump

• Most Basic Form of Geothermal Usage

• What – takes advantage of stored heat of near
surface soil / water (Const. temp of 55-75 °F)
– Winter Months – uses ground as a “heat source”
• Transfers heat from warm subsurface to
facility
– Summer Months – uses ground as a “heat sink”
• Transfers heat from facility to ground

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 Heat Pump Components

• 3 Main Parts:
– Underground Piping
– Pump / Heat
Exchanger System
– Indoor Distribution
System
• System
“Concentrates”
Natural Heat Instead
of Production of Heat
by Combustion
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 Circulating water system

• Consist of two 60%

capacity circulating
water pumps.
• Discharge
condensate from the
condensor hotwell to
the cooling towers.

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 INJECTION AND
EXTRACTION WELLS

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 STEAM TURBINE
High efficiency blades: increase the
efficiency by 3 %.
Reaction type blades: assure good
damping.
Casing: single shell construction:
This construction secure the
vibration stability of the turbine
rotor.
Drum type construction: Deposition Wayang Windu Geothermal power
of corrosive components: eliminated. plant
Output: 110MW
Possibility of stress corrosion Inlet steam pressure: 1.02 Mpa
cracking: eliminated Inlet steam temperature: 181 C
Exhaust pressure: 0.012Mpa
Speed: 3000 rpm

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Cooling system: Totally
controlled water to air.
Generator
Ventilation : Self ventilation

Excitation: Brushless Excitation

Speed: 3000 rpm

Output: 137,500 kVA

Power Factor: 0.8 lag

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 Geothermal Energy is Clean.

✔ No fuel is burned,
so there is no air
pollution.

✔ The steam is
turned into water
and put back into
the earth.

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Geothermal Energy is Cheap.

✔ Geothermal energy is
cheap – new power
plants can make
electricity for about
the same as coal
power plants.

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Geothermal Energy doesn’t have to
be transported.

✔ Geothermal plants don’t transport fuel –

they sit on top of their fuel source.

✔ Geothermal power plants have been built

in deserts, in the middle of crops, and in
mountain forests!

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 Benefits of Geothermal Power

• Reliability:
– Plants Have Very
Little Down Time -
Avg. Availability is
90% or greater
– 60-70% for Coal and
Nuclear Plants

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 MERITS OF GEOTHERMAL
POWER PLANT
1) It is a renewable source of energy.
2) By far, it is non-polluting and
environment friendly.
3) There is no wastage or generation of
by-products.
4) Geothermal energy can be used
directly. In ancient times, people used
this source of energy for heating homes,
cooking, etc.
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5) Maintenance cost of geothermal
power plants is very less.
6) Geothermal power plants don't
occupy too much space and thus help in
protecting natural environment.
7) Unlike solar energy, it is not
dependent on the weather conditions.

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 DEMERITS OF
GEOTHERMAL POWER
PLANT
1) Only few sites have the potential of
Geothermal Energy.
2) Most of the sites, where geothermal energy is
produced, are far from markets or cities, where it
needs to be consumed.
3) Total generation potential of this source is too
small.
4) There is always a danger of eruption of
volcano.
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5) Installation cost of steam power plant is
very high.
6) There is no guarantee that the amount of
energy which is produced will justify the
capital expenditure and operations costs.
7) It may release some harmful, poisonous
gases that can escape through the holes
drilled during construction.

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