Name: ____________________ Class: __________( ) Date: ___________________

Lesson Worksheet 4.1B (Refer to Book 5A P.4.6)

 Objective: To understand the multiplication rule in the counting principle.

Multiplication Rule in the Counting Principle

A task consists of a series of k steps. Suppose that the 1st step can be performed in n1 ways, the 2nd step can
be performed in n2 ways, … and the kth step can be performed in nk ways. Then the total number of ways to
perform the task is n1  n2  …  nk.
(Note: The choice of ways in one step is independent of the choice in another step.)

Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1

There a 3 c re a 4olours
storage capacities
nd a There
vailable
are 6brands of body lotion
in a supermarket.
f o r b r a n dA m o b i l e p h o n e s . I f Te d d y w a n t s t oEach
b u yb orand
b l fh small
oy s otion
mize, s as
edium
a b r a An dm o b i l e p h o n e , h o w and
m alarge
n y size
cavaila
h o ble
i c for
e ssale. How many choices
does he have? of body lotion are available for a customer?

Number of choices List the number of choices in Number of choices

Size
each step. Brand ( )
=34 = ( 6)  ( ) 3
Storage 6 3
= 12 Colour capacity = 18
3 4

1. In a restaurant,customer
a can choosefrom
1 2. T h e r e a r e 2 b u s r o u t e s t oA gt oo B,f r o m
10 main dishe s and 1 from 5 drinks to make a a n
s e t l u n c hFi. n d t h e n u m b e r o f d i f f e r e n t l u n c 5h b usr toutes
g f B tooC. Fo indt romn he umber
sets available. of ways to go from A to C via B by bus. Ex
Number of ways
4A:
= 210,
 511
Number of different lunch sets
= 10    
= ( 10)  ( ) 5 Main dish
( ) (
Drink
)  From A
to B
  From B
to C

50    
= 10 5 2 5

3. There are 5 shirts, pairs

4 ofjeans and 3 pairs
of socks inJason’s wardrobe. If Jason chooses
o n e s h i r t , po an ier ojfe a sn a n d o n e p a i r o f
socks to wear today, in how many ways can he
choose?      
   Pair of   Pair of 
Shirt
jeans socks
     
5 4 3
Number of ways
=543
= 60

© Oxford University Press 2015 P.1

 5A Ch 4 Lesson Worksheet 4.1

4. For a 3-digit password, the first digit is an odd

number, t s hed iecond
a e n igita s n ven umber nd
the third digit cannot be 0. Find the number of
Number of ways
ways of forming the password. Ex 4A: 14, 15 =559
= 225 2nd book
 1st   2nd   3rd  4 3
1st book ( )
  
Katie  Pansy
 number 
Instant Example 2
digit digit The digit of  Instant Practice 2 4 3
     for Katie 
choices 12
I n a l u c k y d r a 5w
10, t h e9r e a5 r eis 1not
0 the
d i fsame
9f e r e n tLouis
g i f tisbgoing
o x e sto put 2 storybooks on 4 bookshelves.
ti es c hos e na asgif
a vai l abl e . Af te r K aha that for Pansy.
t box, Pa ns yI f t h e b o o k s c a n n o t b e p u t o n t h e s a m e b o o k s h e l f ,
chooses one from the remaining gift boxes. Find the in how many ways can Louis put the books?
n u m b e r o f w a y s t h a t t h e g i f t b o x e s a r e
Number of ways
chosen.
=( )( )
Number of ways =
= 10  9
= 90

5. There are 7 vacant seats on a mini-bus when it 6. T h e r e a r e 5 r e s t a u r a

a rrives a t a stop. M r Chu foll ows M r Chan toToday, Oliva plans to have lunch and dinner in
g e t o nt h e m i n i - b u s . I n h o w m a n y w a y s c at nw o d i fr fe es rt ea nu tr a n t s o n t h
they be seated? I n ho w m a n y w a y s c a n s h e c h o
Number of ways restaurants? Ex 4A: 12, 13
=76 (Mr Chan) (Mr Chu)
Number of ways
= 42 7 6 ( Lunch ) ( Dinner )
=54
= 20 5 4

7. In a c ircus, there a re 4 kinds of a nima ls

8.o nChloe
(elephants, bears, pandas and m k e y sis) making
a n d 3 photo albums with different
e a c h s h o w i s p e r f o r m e d b y a k i n d o f a n i m ca l . o v e r s . S h e c h o
There are 3 shows in a day and the shows are f r
p e r f o r m e d b y d i f f e r e n t a n i m a l s .1H
portrait,
o w m2aanimal
ny and 3 scenery photographs
different a rrangements
o t s a t i f he to make
howsthe covers.reIn how
here
many ways
n can she
the day? choose the covers?
1st show 2nd show 3rd show 1st album 2nd album 3rd album
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 3 2 Number of6ways 5 4
=654
= 120
Number of different arrangements
=432 What is the total number
= 24 of photographs?

Level Up Question
9. Sam wants to buy a birthday gift for Donald. He will choose one item from the following cakes and

© Oxford University Press 2015 P.2

 5A Ch 4 Lesson Worksheet 4.1

watches as the gift.

(i) There are 5 birthday cakes with different flavours.
(ii) There are 4 different styles of watches. For each style, two different colours are available.
Sam claims that he has 5  4  2 = 40 different choices. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
Number of choices for (i) = 5
Number of choices for (ii) = 4  2 = 8
For (ii):
Total number of choices = 5 + 8
= 13 Style Colour
 40 4 2
∴ The claim is disagreed.

© Oxford University Press 2015 P.3