.

CHARACTERS DRAWN FROM REAL LIFE

• PADRE FLORENTINO – was Father Leoncio Lopez
• ISAGANI – was Vicente Ilustre
• PAULITA GOMEZ – was Leonor Rivera
c.NOLI AND FILI COMPARED
NOLI ME TANGERE
• romantic novel
• work of the heart
• a book of feeling
• it has freshness, color, humor, lightness, and wit
• 64 chapters
EL FILIBUSTERISMO
• political novel
• work of the head
• a book of thought
• it contains bitterness, hatred, pain, violence, and sorrow
• 38 chapters
• The issue of which is the superior novel – Noli or the Fili – is purely academic
• Both are good novels from the point of view of history
• Both depict with realistic colors the actual conditions of the Philippines and the Filipinos
during the decadent days of Spanish rule
• Both are instrumental in awakening the spirit of Filipino Nationalism
• Both are responsible in paving the ground for the Philippine Revolution that brought
about the downfall of Spain
• El Fili is a true twin of Noli

RIZAL’S UNFINISHED 3RD NOVEL

 • September 22, 1891 – four days after the Fili came off the press, he wrote to Blumentritt
saying that he’s thinking of writing a third novel where ethics will play the principal role
• October 18, 1891 – Rizal boarded the steamer Melbourne in Marseilles bound for Hong
Kong
• During the voyage he wrote the 3rd novel in Tagalog which he intended for Tagalog
readers
• In Hong Kong, he continued it, but did not finish it because his Tagalog was inadequate
for literary purposes
• The unfinished 3rd novel has no title
• It consists of 44 pages in Rizal’s handwriting
• The manuscript is still preserved in the Bureau of Public Libraries (formerly National
Library)
• The hero of the novel was Kamandagan, a descendant of Lakan-Dula, last king of Tondo.
He plotted to regain the lost freedom of his fathers
• It is said that Rizal was fortunate not to finish this novel, because it would have caused
greater scandal and more Spanish vengeance on him.
OTHER UNFINISHED NOVELS
MAKAMISA –
• a tagalog novel
• written in light sarcastic style
• incomplete with only 2 chapters
• consists of only 20 pages
DAPITAN –
• written in Ironic Spanish
• he wrote in while in Dapitan to depict the town life and customs
• consists of 8 pages
• A novel in Spanish about the life of in Pili, a town in Laguna
• consists of 147 pages
• without title
• Another unfinished novel of Rizal, also without title, is about Cristobal, a youthful
Filipino student who has returned from Europe
 • consists of 34 pages
• The beginning of another novel are contained in two notebooks – the first notebook
contains 31 written pages while the second contains 12 written pages
• written in Spanish and the style is ironic
CHAPTER 19: IN HONGKONG, 1891-92
I. INTRODUCTION
November 1891 to June 1892 – after the publication of El Filibusterismo, Rizal left
Europe and lived in Hongkong
II. REASONS FOR LEAVING EUROPE
• Life was unbearable in Europe due to his political differences with Marcelo H. Del Pilar
and other Filipinos in Spain
• To lead the Propaganda Movement in Hongkong
• To be near his beloved Philippines and family
October 18, 1891 – Rizal left for Hongkong
There were 80 first-class passengers
• FATHER FUCHS – a Tyrolese, he enjoyed playing chess
• November 20, 1891 – Rizal arrived in Hongkong
• JOSE MA. BASA – welcomed Rizal in Hongkong
• MANUEL T. HIDALGO – sent him a letter relating the sad news of the “deportation of
twenty-five persons from Calamba”
• DR. LORENZO P. MARQUEZ – a Portuguese physician who became his friend and
admirer, helped him to build up a wide clientele
• MR. EDWARD BOUSTED – Adelina’s father wrote a letter praising Rizal for practicing
his medical profession
• DR. ARISTON BAUTISTA LIN – sent him a congratulatory letter and a book on
Diagnostic Pathology by Dr. H. Virchow. And another medical book entitled Traite
Diagnostique by Mesnichock
• DON ANTONIO VERGEL DE DIOS – offered his services for the purchase of medical
books and instruments which might need in his profession
• DR. GEMINIANO DE OCAMPO – distinguished Filipino ophthalmologist
Rizal’s friends in Europe who endorsed his Borneo project:
 • Antonio Luna
• Juan Luna
• Lopez Jaena
• Dr. Bautista Lin
• M. T. HIDALGO – Rizal’s brother in-law, objected to the colonization project
Rizal’s writings in Hongkong:
• Ang mga Karapatan Nang Tao – The Rights of Man
• A la Nacion Espanola – To the Spanish Nation
• Sa mga Kababayan – To my Countrymen
• Una Vista a la Victoria Goal – A Visit Victoria Goal
• Colonization du British North Borneo, par des Families de Lles Philippines –
Colonization of British North Borneo by Families from the Philippine Islands
• La Mano Roja – The Red Hand
• Constitution and By-Laws of the Liga Filipina
III. REASONS WHY RIZAL MADE UP HIS MIND TO RETURN TO MANILA
• To confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Borneo colonization project
• To establish the Liga Filipina in Manila
• To prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid that
Rizal, being comfortable and safe in Hongkong had abandoned the country’s
cause