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The power production performance evalution Of Blade and Bladeless Windmill

Abdalftah.Hamed1. Burak.Urazel2 1 Student,2 Assistant Professor Department of Electric
and Electronics Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology. Eskisehir Osmangazi
University - Eskisehir, Turkey Email: abdftah1994@gmail.com1, burazel@ogu.edu.tr2
Abstract Nowadays, the production of energy by using renewable energy sources are
going depth of the earth. Production energy by using a traditional blade wind has many
advantages and disadvantages one of them the cost of the capital and maintenance
cost and friction loss represents a negative point.

At present, a new approach of capturing wind energy by using bladeless windmill find a
low-priced and safe replacement to conventional windmills. Vortex-Bladeless is new
concept of a wind turbine without blades called vorticity wind turbine which uses the
VIV. The vortex design aims to eliminate and reduce many of the existing problems in
conventional generators and represents a new paradigm of wind energy. Vortex can
able to operate efficiently at lower wind speeds, so runtime increases.

The purpose of this is study to provide a basic comparison between the conventional
wind turbine and vortex paradigm in harvesting wind energy. Keywords: Blade windmills,
Bladeless windmills, Vortex-bladeless, vortex-induced vibration, renewable energy
source. Introduction: Wind energy for many years has been growing for pumping water
or grinding corn with historic designs, known as windmills, constructed from wood,
cloth, and stone, now use alternative to fossil energy to produce electricity, and
commonly termed wind turbines [1]. A wind turbine produces mechanical power and
converted into electrical power by using electrical induction generators.

Hence, there are two ways of producing electric energy from wind which are through
rotational windmills and oscillation windmills [2]. The cost of manufacturing for different
parts of the conventional windmill is a very high like blade design is about 15 – 20% of
wind turbine production cost [3]. Recently, Vortex Bladeless is a Spanish tech startup
company developing a wind turbine without a blade as a new approach to capturing
wind energy.

It generates the electric current by using the oscillation or vibrations produced due to
the wind and used it for small-scale generation to produce less amount of electrical
energy and used blade turbine in commercial applications for effectiveness and
efficiency at a larger scale [2]. Also, the maximum size of blade windmill components is
large and evolve maximum swept area compared to bladeless turbine [4]. The aim of
this study focuses on a comparison of bladeless and blade windmills component
reliability through time, concerning their technology analyze how their design has
advanced through time, what the main failures are, and which technologies have proven
to work. In addition, conventional windmill is just beginning to emerge as a significant
factor for the future.

Hence, Vortex-Bladeless whose objective and aims to cancellation and reduce many of
existing problems in conventional generators and it is representing a new paradigm of
wind mills [5]. Wind Turbine: Wind-devices work as a reliable energy source in the past 3
decades, they are playing more important roles and have become major industries for
electric power generation, and contribute to global warming by reducing CO2 emission
resulting from power generation [1][6]. The energy capturing techniques developed and
designed on the effects and working principles of thermos-acoustic, magneto-electric,
piezo-electric, thermos-electric, or optoelectric[1].

In the periphery, there are strong industrial and academic researches on developing
windmill harvesters so that ambient energy associated with wind or rainwater may be
harnessed and converted into electrical power. Hence, to meet the increased power
demand and rapid development of electronic equipment. Several new energy
harnessing technologies have been successfully developed and implemented to achieve
this milestone. However high capital cost and maintenance and running cost and other
disadvantages like dangerous to birds and noisy as we know which coming from blade
wind turbine obviously encouraged the researches finding new ways to improve
conventional wind turbines negative side by a bladeless turbine [7]. Bladeless Wind
Turbine: Vortex is a Bladeless windmill it is a new wind resonance generator that works
on the theory called vortex shedding effect and principle of vortex-induced Vibrations
[2].

It harnesses wind energy by using this phenomenon to generates the electric current by
using the oscillation or vibrations produced with fewer moving parts which cancellation
the need for lubrication and reduces wear and corrosion [7]. It is built of carbon fiber
reinforced polymer, which provides a great fatigue resistance and it has a smaller energy
leak when oscillating to reduces the usage of raw materials [5]. Currently, small wind
turbine uses to produce less amount of electrical energy it is not used in commercial
applications, till now Large-scale windmill requiring several years of development before
it can be considered competitive.

In support of this, the offshore technology turbines installed in the ocean is very
promising one of the faced problems is the Aggressive naval environments, especially
the corrosion of mechanical parts of the windmills [5]. It would seem that the
non-attendance of gears, bearings in a device capable of capturing wind energy can
also be an important advantage [4][7]. Vortex Bladeless Wind Turbine Model: Naturally,
the design of a wind turbine is quite different from a traditional turbine.

Figure (1) shows the different components Vortex windmill (d) represent base and mast
(b) represent permanent magnet rings and (a) coils and tuning magnets fixed to the mas
and (c) the structure fixed to the ground. Indeed, innovative way to harness energy from
wind, with different and exciting characteristics which makes it a revolution in wind
power [5]. Figure 1. Bladeless windmill elements to the principles of the Betz limit [5].
The mast directly interacting with the wind and induce an oscillatory movement in a
body by vortices are known as VIV phenomena [5]. The impact sound level is
nonexistent the oscillation frequency of the equipment below 20Hz [7].

The frequency of vortex shedding F is proportional to the average velocity of the

incident wind flow v,nverse of itsristgth F cylindrical structures [5]. F= ?? ?? * ?? ??
However, the cylindrical structures Length F is obtained by the value from the static
structure’s dmete oscillatilitudp bj factor X which is Reynoldr dendt ( 5). F=D+aX Vortex
shedding frequency F is [5]: F(y) = H v8(y) an X(y) repnt andon ampe of the mast at each
height y respectively and H is representing the distance between the ground anan
highest art dthe lacemeninthe er art the evice ? mes the mast diameter at its lowest part
figure (2), as a result [5]: X(y)= ?? - ?? / ?? ?? - ?? / ?? * ?*d Finally, as the vortex shedding
frequency along the whole mast is same, we find D(y)equation obtain by [5]: D(y)=
-a*x(y) Figure (2).

Evolution of the mast diameter according to height There is a strategy to increase the
frequency of oscillation by using Two pairs of permanent magnets b have been added
to the damped harmonic oscillator figure (3). Hence, the magnetic force that appears
between two permanent magnets are inversely proportional to the square of the
average distance between their poles so the frequency obtains by this is an equation [5]:
The oscillation amplitude is: f (x)= ?? ?? ?? v ?? ?? - ( ?? ?? ?? ) ?? Figure (3). Oscillator
with a magnetic tuning system diagram Blade windmill: The wind turbine has two types
based on the axis in which the turbine rotates [1].

However, one rotates around a horizontal axis HAWT another type of turbine rotates
around a vertical axis VAWT [6]. The popularity of the HAWT attributed to continued
mainstream development of the HAWT can be attributed to a Hight tip speed ratio and
essay to controlling rotor speed [6]. The VAWT has an efficiency enough to competitive
HAWT design and also can be not easy to mount them on a tall enough tower to the
usefulness of higher and capture maximum wind energy [1].

Here we concentrate on the HAWT design which is required that should be faced into
the wind to obtain maximum power, this process is called yawing [6]. The turbine is
connected to the shaft of the generator through a gearbox which moves the slow
rotation of the blades into a faster rotation that is more suitable to drive electrical
generator effectiveness and efficiency at a larger scale [1]. HAWT Model: As shown in
the figure (4), the HAWT consists of blades attached to a hub attached to a driveshaft
that conversation rotational energy to the interior of the nacelle and yaw is work as the
orientation of the nacelle which contains the bearing for the driveshaft, the transmission,
generator, mechanical brake [6]. Most utility size designs have settled on three blades as
the optimal number.

Also, the shape of the rotor blade and their angle of attack proportion to the direction
of wind and effects on the performance of the rotor blade [1]. The wind turbine blade
designers have experimented with many different airfoil shapes over the years to design
the perfect shape that will perform well in a range of wind speeds taken by the Bernoulli
effect [3]. Even minimum changes in this blade shape can greatly affect the power
output and noise produced by a wind turbine [6].

Figure (4) HAWT elements The Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) refers to the ratio between the
speed of the tips of the wind turbine blades and the wind speed. The TSR is related to
efficiency, the higher tip speed gives higher noise levels and requires strong blades it is
obtained by the equation [1]. TSR=Tip speed of blade/wind speed wind speed [m/sec]
and the rotor tip speed [m/sec]. The optimum TSR for maximum power output can be
obtained by the following equation [1]: TSRmax = ?? ?? / ?? However, n is the number of
blades.

Based on the Betz limit or Betz efficiency which states that the maximum power that can
be obtained, in theory, from the air with an ideal wind turbine can never exceed 59.26 %
of the energy. formulate a mathematical model for t he rotor’s dgn [8]. The power is
directly proportional to the swept area by the turbine rotor having the expression [8]:
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS FOR WIND TURBINES: We knew that wind turbine according to
wind features can change behavior. However, a start speed for small wind HAWT is
proximity about 4 m/s, and Vortex turbines design for generating energy at low wind
speeds and can reach a synchronism with vortex shedding from 3 m/s and enter into full
resonance a little after [7].

An important factor that needs to be considered for analyzing wind technology is the
output power that the turbine can access in real conditions. The table below shows the
real output and efficiency approach at different wind speeds of different turbine
technologies for average HAWT and Vortex turbines [7]. In fact, Wind conditions are
changeable consequently wind factors can be explained on the turbines to understand
which are best wind speed ranges and conditions for each technology.

Accordingly, to a new study in the Technical University of Prague show it in the figure (5)
below gives an estimate of the useful production of each turbine family divided by their
nominal output [9]. The main aim is to compare the efficiency of each turbine to the
most common wind speed ranges around the world. The study suggests that those
turbines that reach a higher nominal output usually draw a worse efficiency curve [9].
alternatively, if the turbine can reach higher maximum power output, it will perform
worse in lower winds. When the turbine can operate efficiently at lower wind speeds, the
runtime increases [9].

0 72 104 145 400 0 44 66 86 200 3 35 60 80 100 W I N D S P E E D 3 M / S W I N D S P E

ED6M/SWINDSPEED7M/SWINDSPEED8M/SNOMINALSPEED
AVERAGE OUTPUT POWER FOR DIFFERENT WIND TURBINE Small HAWT Small VAWT
Vortex Bladeless Figure (5) Output power for different Windmills Studies indicate, HAWT
and VAWT usually require higher wind speeds to reach their rated power rather Vortex
can respond naturally to common wind speed ranges [7][9]. For these reasons, we can
say that for regions with a common wind it is not feasible to have a wind turbine that is
only capable of giving sufficient power for few times conventional wind turbines
working better in a place that has strong winds all year long. Discussion: The rate of
wind energy developed founds costly when compared to an existing conventional wind
energy turbine.

The cost of manufacturing different parts of the windmill is very high the transportation
of such heavy parts is very costly and risky. Besides, requires places where wind speed is
more Such places are limited. The conventional wind turbine takes a big area and the
impact on birds is expected to be significantly less rather than the sound that is causing
the noise [4]. Over the lifetime of the blade wind turbine, three types of waste have an
impact in terms of CO2 emissions, manufacturing waste, service waste and end-of-life
waste, waste generated during manufacturing and service adds between 16% and 45%
of the mass of the wind turbine blades [10]. Vortex paradigm has low manufacturing
cost to bypass the need for blades which are the most expensive component 15-20% of
conventional wind turbine production cost.

However, manufacturing savings are estimated to be approximately 51% of a

conventional wind turbine production cost. Also, cancellation of mechanical elements
which are more exposed to corrosion and wear and reduction in maintenance costs.
Vortex paradigm takes up a small area and harness around 40% of the wind energy
existing in the air which is a more than credible capacity. Additionally, the impact on
birds is expected to be significantly less, as Vortex does not require the same type or
volume of motion like a conventional wind turbine.

The oscillation frequency of the equipment is less than 20 Hz and the sound effect level
is not present which opens the possibility of making future wind farms completely silent.
All of this is features make it highly competitive not only against generations of
alternative or renewable energy but even compared to conventional technologies [5][7].
The first Vortex 3m high and weighed around 10kg produced 100W designed to bring
energy to locations and matching it with solar energy and considered a great solution
when solar cells system is not producing.

Also, the second product is a 4kw turbine 13mhigh and weight less than 100kg perfect
for a hybrid system [7]. Conclusion: Wind energy has the potential to be the primary
source of energy in the world. there are strong industrial and academic researches
tapping newer ways of the wind turbine for renewable energy is gaining momentum in
the recent years. The cost and other negative side effects made conventional wind
turbines for using energy in small areas are not suitable. However, Vortex wind turbines
are one of the greatest wind energy harness systems.

Aspects of low maintenance costs and low noise levels make this technology appear to
be the best choice in shared renewable energy installations where safe and secure
environments are essential. Finally, the comparison between different types of wind
turbines to produce energy for the areas with a common wind is feasible to have a
vortex wind turbine. The calculation of the cost of the vortex generation system relates
to the total manufacture, installation, maintenance, and recycling saving about 51% of
the cost of a conventional windmill.

Bladeless wind turbines open the possibility and serve as stepping stones to the future
harness wind energy farms. Reference: 1) Francis, Louis, Largus. Energy Systems
Engineering Evaluation and Implementation, second edition. ISBN 978-0-07-178778-9.
2) Onkar D Kshirsagar, Amol B. Gaikwad. Design and Analysis of Vortex Bladeless
Windmill for Composite Materia. Journal of Industrial Mechanics, Volume 4 Issue 2,2019.
3) M Jureczko,. A.e? Opmisation of win turbe bes. Journa Materials Processing
Technology 167 (2005) 463 – 471. 4) R. Haridass1 , K.S.Jayaram singh2, T. Ramesh
Kumar3,B. Sabarish Kumar4, L.

Thamarai Kannan, DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF BLADELESS WINDMILL, International

Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 118 No. 11 2018, 557-561. 5) David
Jesús Yanez Villarreal, VIV resonant wind generators, June, 7th 2018. 6) Peter J. Schubel *
and Richard J. Crossley, Wind Turbine Blade Design, Energies 2012, 5, 3425-3449;
doi:10.3390/en5093425. 7) www.powerelectronics.com 8) Jesús Vega Fuentes, José M.
Carlos Pérez Aguirre, Eloy Cruz Machicado. Design of wind turbine blades of a power of
1000 watts for domestic use. 978-1-61284-1325- 5/12/$26.00 ©2012 IEEE. 9)
https://vortexbladeless.com/ 10) Pu Liu, Claire Y. Barlow. Wind turbine blade waste in
2050. Elsevier. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.02.007

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