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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 + 10A:: Number and Algebra: Linear and Non-Linear Relationships
Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 + 10A:: Number and Algebra: Linear and Non-Linear Relationships
relationships
FLUENCY
Mark Progression
point
1 5 1 8.5
,0
The equation of the line that passes through the points (2, 3) and 2 is:
A y 6 x 15
5
y 6 x
B 2
C y 6 x 15 0
5
y x3
D 2
E 2 y 4x 5 0
Answer: C
2 2 1 7.5
The equation of the line that has a gradient of 3 and a y-intercept of 2 is:
A 2x – 3y = 6
B 3x + 2y = 6
C 2x – 3y = 6
D 2x + 3y = 6
E –2x + 3y = –6
Answer: D
3 The graphical solution to the following pair of simultaneous equations is: 1 9.0
2x – y + 9 = 0
x+y+3=0
Answer: D
4 Which of the following pairs of coordinates is the solution to the given 1 9.5
simultaneous equations?
5x + 4y = 8
4x – 9y = 43
A (–3, 4)
B (4, –3)
C (–4, 3)
D (–4, –3)
E (4, 3)
Answer: B
A (5, –2))
B (2, 1)
C (1, 1)
D (1, 3)
E (2, 3)
Answer: C
A 3x + 2y = 8
2x + 3y = 12
B 3x + 2y = 8
2x + 7y = 42
C 5x + 2y = 4
2x + 3y = 17
D 5x + 3y = 14
2x + 3y = 17
E 5x + 3y = 11
3x + 4y = 24
Answer: A
7 Which pair of simultaneous equations does the graph below represent? 1 9.5
A 2y = x – 12
4x – y + 10 = 0
B y = 2x – 6
4x – y – 10 = 0
C y = 2x – 6
x – 4y – 10 = 0
D y=x–6
4x – y – 10 = 0
E y=x+6
4x – y – 10 = 0
Answer: B
Answer: E
UNDERSTANDING
9 Use substitution to check whether the coordinate pair (2, 1) is a solution to the 4 9.25
following simultaneous equations.
5 x 3 y 13
4 x 2 y 10
Answer:
Substitute (2, 1) into 5 x 3 y 13.
LHS 5 2 3 (1)
13
RHS [2 marks]
Substitute (2, 1) into 4x 2 y 10.
LHS 4 2 2 (1)
10
RHS [2 marks]
Therefore coordinate pair (2, 1) is a solution.
Answers:
(a)
y 2x 3 Gradient m 2
4x 2 y 5 Gradient m 2
These lines are parallel so there is no solution. [2 marks]
(b)
1
x 5 y 1 Gradient m
5
1
10 y 2 x 2 Gradient m
5
These lines are parallel so there is no solution. [2 marks]
(c)
2
3y 2x 6 Gradient m
3
2
9 y 6 x 18 0 Gradient m
3
The second equation is actually a multiple of the first equation ( 3).
This means that there is an infinite number of solutions. [2 marks]
11 Solve the following pair of simultaneous equations using a graphical method. 6 9.5
y 8 x
y x2
Answer:
For the equation y 8 x :
At the x-intercept, y = 0.
0 8 x
x 8 [1 mark]
At the y -intercept, x = 0.
y 80
y 8 [1 mark]
For the equation y x 2 :
At the x-intercept, y = 0.
0 x2
x 2 [1 mark]
At the y -intercept, x = 0.
y 02
y 2 [1 mark]
12 Use substitution to check if the coordinate pair (–5, 4) makes the inequality 3 10.0
3 y 5 4 x true or false.
Answer:
3y 5 4x
LHS = 3 ( 4) 5
17 [1 mark]
RHS = 4 ( 5)
20 [1 mark]
LHS RHS
The statement is true. [1 mark]
REASONING
13 Samantha buys 3 chocolate bars and 2 packets of chips for $12. Monica buys 4 5 9.5
packets of chips and 1 chocolate bar for $9. What is the total cost for one
chocolate bar and one packet of chips?
Answer:
Let the cost of a chocolate bar be $x.
Let the cost of a packet of chips be $y.
Cost for Samantha: 3x + 2y = 12 [1] [1 mark]
Cost for Monica: x + 4y = 9 [2] [1 mark]
3x + 2y = 12 [1]
x + 4y = 9 [2]
[2] × 3
3x + 12y = 27 [3]
[3] – [1]
10y = 15
y = 1.5 [1 mark]
Substitute y = 1.5 in [2]
x + 4 × 1.5 = 9
x=3 [1 mark]
So, the cost of a chocolate bar is $3, and the cost of a packet of chips is $1.50.
1 chocolate bar and 1 packet of chips will cost $4.50. [1 mark]
PROBLEM SOLVING
14 Two adults and 4 children pay $172 to enter the theme park, whereas 3 adults and 5 9.5
2 children pay $158. What would be the entry fee for 4 adults and 3 children?
Answer:
Let $a be the cost of an adult’s admission.
Let $c be the cost of a child’s admission.
2a 4c 172 [1] [1 mark]
3a 2c 158 [2] [1 mark]
[1] 3
6a 12c 516 [3]
[2] 2
6a 4c 316 [4]
[3] [4]
8c 200
c 25 [1 mark]
Substitute c = 25 in [1].
2a 4 25 172
2a 72
a 36 [1 mark]
An adult entry fee is $36, and a child’s fee is $25.
Cost for 4 adults and 3 children = 4 × $36 + 3 × $25
= $219 [1 mark]
Total marks: 68