Free University of Berlin

Written exam to determine university aptitude

T- course

Physics ( Sample exam)

Of the four suggested tasks are three edit completely.

Processing time: 180 min

Aids: Pocket calculator (not programmable, not capable of graphics) handwritten
formulary (1 sheet of A4) dictionary

To achieve the full number of points, all quantities used must be named, physically justified approaches described and
calculations with units carried out in full.

Constants
Electron mass: m e = 9.11 · 10 - 31 kg elementary charge: e = 1,602 · 10 - 19th C proton mass: m p = 1.67 · 10 - 27 kg
Dielectric constant ǫ 0 = 8.85 · 10 - 12th As Vm

Space factor (earth) G E = 9.81 m

s2
Gravitational constant G = 6.67 · 10 - 11 m 3rd
kg · s 2

n (H 2 O) = 1.33 n (air) = 1
µ 0 = 4th π 10 - 7th N
A. 2
Suggestion I: mass points in the gravitational field

1. An arrow ( m P = 40 g) is applied over a distance of 24 cm with a constant force

F = 600 N accelerated horizontally. The arrow fl ies without any loss of friction and hits
after 30 meters an apple (300 g) in which it gets stuck.

(a) At what speed does the arrow leave the bow? (b) At what angle does the arrow

hit the apple?

(c) At what speed do the apple and arrow move on together?

2. Saturn has a diameter of 120,000 km. The Saturn moon Titan moves in an almost circular orbit 1,102,000 km
above the planet's surface in 15.9 days. The moon Rhea orbits Saturn on a circular orbit with a radius of 527,040
km.

(a) Calculate the orbital velocity of Titan. (b) Calculate the mass of Saturn.

(c) Find the spatial factor G Saturn on the surface of Saturn. (d) Find the orbital time of Rhea.
Proposal II: electric fields

1. The field of a positively charged metal ball is considered (Q = 1 µ C; R = 1 cm).

(a) Give an equation to calculate the field strength E. ~ (~ r) and calculate

The field of the above metal ball.

(b) Sketch the course of | E | in dependence of r.

(c) How does the potential energy of a negative test charge change? q =
- 0.1 µC, when their distance r 1 = 10 cm at a distance r 2 = 15 cm from the center of the metal ball.

2. A capacitor of capacitance C (= 1.02 µ F) to a voltage source U 0 (= 20th

V) connected and charged. The fully charged capacitor is used by the
Suspended from the voltage source and discharged via a resistor R, the current is measured during the
discharge process.

(a) Design a suitable circuit for this measurement.

(b) How much charge is stored on the fully charged capacitor?

(c) Sketch the course of the discharge current for two different resistors
stands R (with R 1 = 2 rows 2).

(d) What is R if the current is within 40 µ s to half its

Initial value falls?

3. Three identical light bulbs are connected to a constant voltage. Compare the brightness of the three lightbulbs with
the different possible switch positions.

r r
S. 2

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A. r B. C.
r
S. 1
Proposal III: electromagnetic waves

1. Arrange the types of radiation: visible light (VIS), X-ray radiation (XRAY), infrared radiation (IR), radio waves (RW),
gamma radiation ( γ), Microwaves (MW) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) according to increasing energy.

2. The beam of a green laser pointer has a wavelength of 532 nm in air. Calculate the wavelength, frequency and
speed of propagation of the beam in water.

3. Two rays of light of the same color hit a prism made of crown glass parallel to the base (n = 1.51). Calculate the
further course of the ray and draw it in.

@
@
@
@
@
- @
- @
@

4. On a grid (grid constant 4th · 10 - 6th m) light with a wavelength of 694 nm is incident vertically. The interference
image is observed on a flat screen d = 2 m away, which is parallel to the grating.

(a) Calculate the distance between the brightness maxima visible on the screen
1st order from each other.

(b) Prove mathematically that the 2nd and 3rd order spectra are mutually exclusive
overlap when visible light from the wavelength interval between 400 nm and 750 nm is used.

(c) Explain the origin of the interference pattern at a double slit with
a simple model.

(d) Explain the terms constructive and destructive interference.

5. Describe an experiment that shows the particle character of light.

Proposal IV: induction and magnetic fields

1. A coil (L = 10 cm, 2000 turns) is vertical and is connected to a voltmeter. A bar magnet (l = 10 cm) is dropped
through the coil.

(a) Sketch the structure.

(b) Describe the times at which the voltmeter displays a voltage and
explain how the tension is created.

(c) How does the bar magnet move compared to a free fall?
Explain the forces on the bar magnets using Lenz's rule.

2. In a coil with 800 turns, a length of 5 cm and an ohmic resistance of 45 Ω a magnetic field of 12 mT is to be
generated.

(a) What voltage must be applied to the coil?

(b) Give three possibilities how the magnetic field strength can be increased tenfold
can.

(c) Sketch the magnetic field lines of the current fl owing coil.

3. Hall effect

(a) Sketch a setup for measuring the Hall effect.

(b) Derive from a suitable application of force the relationship for the Hall
tension U H = d · v · B. here.

(c) Show that with the Hall effect between electrons and holes as
Load carriers can be distinguished.