ASSIGNMENT 2A DIGESTION, ABSORPTION AND FOOD HABITS

1. Differentiate physical, chemical and metabolic digestion of food, and give

examples on each type, in what body parts and its product.
 Mechanical digestion involves physical movement to make foods smaller,
chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down food, while metabolic
digestion is the cells utilization of energy absorbed from food during
digestion. Mechanically in the mouth food is reduced size through chewing
and swallowing, chemically saliva digests carbohydrates, and for metabolic
digestion, anabolism occurs when smaller molecules such as
monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids are reformed into more
complex molecules such as glycogen, hormones, enzymes or whatever the
body needs for growth and maintenance of cells and tissues.

2. What are the 4 stages of digestion?

 The stages in the digestive process includes ingestion, mechanical and
chemical degradation of food, absorption of nutrients, and expulsion of
indigestible food.

3. Explain the digestion of food from mouth to intestines with its corresponding
enzymes.
 Chemical digestion begins in your mouth as chewing takes place. Here
salivary glands release saliva into your mouth which contains digestive
enzymes that start off the process of chemical digestion such as lingual lipase
that breaks down triglycerides and salivary amylase that breaks down
polysaccharides. Likewise, in the stomach, unique chief cells secrete
digestive enzymes sucha as pepsin, which breaks down proteins and gastric
lipase which breaks down triglycerides. It also absorbs fat-soluble substances,
such as aspirin and alcohol. For the small intestine, chemical digestion and
absorption of key food components, such as amino acids, peptides, and
glucose for energy take place. Enzymes released in the small intestine and
from the nearby pancreas for digestion whcih include lactase to digest lactose
and sucrase to digest sucrose, or sugar. And the large intestine that contains
bacteria that further break down nutrients and absorbs vitamins, minerals,
and water.

4. What are the benefits of healthy eating habits?

 In the U.S., the top leading causes of death are related to chronic disease.
Smoking, poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and excessive alcohol use are
among the top causes, hence practing healthy eating habits aids in the
prevention of diseases. Eating healthy will help an individual at an energy
level and a person who eats food gets more energy every day since an
individual can do more daily activities with more energy. Unhealthy food
may also cause complications in a person's digestive tract, such as
constipation, ulcers, and indigestion. And if a person's diet consists of so
much sugar, it can induce tooth decay and cavities. It also induces exhaustion
to the point that a person does not want to do anything more than lay on the
couch and watch tv all day, which induces further health issues. Further,
cardiac complications are one of the most common health problems
associated with obesity. By eating and following the food pyramid, a person
can live a long and healthy life. It is important to know the consequences of
 not eating well and the benefits of eating well in a person's life. When a
person is healthy, he or she leads a more prosperous and satisfying life than a
person who does not eat healthy. A individual does not have as many health
issues with a balanced diet. By eating well, a person would be able to do
more work with friends and loved ones.

5. How much sodium are you eating? Why it is important to check on sodium on
diet? Aside from salt, what other foods contain high sodium content? What
illnesses can you have due to high sodium intake?
 It is necessary to identify for sodium in the diet as it is a critical resource that
the body requires in relatively limited quantities to sustain the balance of
body fluids and keep muscles and nerves functioning smoothly. In particular,
foods with high sodium content include smoked, dried, salted or processed
pork, fish or poultry, including bacon, cold cuts, ham, frankfurters, sausages,
sardines, caviar, anchovies and frozen breaded meats and meals, such as
burritos and pizza. Possible complications of increased sodium consumption
may raise the risk of high blood pressure, stroke, heart failure, osteoporosis,
stomach cancer, kidney disease, kidney stones, swollen heart muscle,
headache and may also affect the appearance.