UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE SANTIAGO

(UTESA)

Asignatura:
English Grammar
Tema:
The phrases
Nombre:
Guirlande Parys
Matricula:
2-18-5127
Profesor:
Edwin Reyes
Fecha:
11/3/2021
Santo domingo, RD.

Investigate and study the Phrases, clauses, and Agreement. 

Prepositional phrases, adjective phrases, adverb phrase...

The clause, Independent and subordinate clauses...

Agreement of subject and verb...

The phrases: A phrase, therefore, is a group of words which has no finite verb
in it and acts to complete the sentence for making it meaningful.
“A phrase is a small group of words that form a meaningful unit
within a clause.”

In linguistic analysis, a phrase is a group of words (or possibly a

single word) that functions as a constituent in the syntax of
a sentence, a single unit within agrammatical hierarchy.” - Osborne,
Timothy, Michael Putnam, and Thomas Gross (2011)

The phrases are generally of six types:

Noun Phrase
A noun phrase is usually assembled centering a single noun and works as a
subject, an object or a complement in the sentence.
Example:
o I like to swing the bat hard when I am at the crease. (An object)
o Reading novels is a good habit. (A subject)
o The probability of happening that match is not much. (A subject)
o We are sorry for her departure.

Adjective Phrase
An adjective phrase is comprised of an adjective and works as a single
adjective in the sentence.
Example:
o Alex is a well-behaved man.
o He is a man of friendly nature.
o Julie is a woman of gorgeous style.
o She leads a very interesting life.
o A lot of people do not sleep at night.

Adverbial Phrase
An adverbial phrase modifies the verb or the adjective and works as an
adverb in the sentence.
Example:
o The horse runs at a good speed.
o I was in a hurry then.
o I ran as fast as possible.
o He works very slowly.

Prepositional Phrase
A prepositional phrase always begins with a preposition and connects nouns.
Example:
o He sacrificed his life for the sake of his country.
o In the end, we all have to die.
o He is on the way.
o By working aimlessly, you will not get success.
o In spite of working hard, he was insulted by his boss.

Conjunctional Phrase
Interjections that have more than one words are called the interjectional
phrases.
Example:
o What a pity! He is dead.
o What a pleasure! I won the first prize.
o Oh please! Don’t say that again.

Clause
A clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb. (A
clause functions as an adjective, an adverb, or a noun.)
A clause contrasts with a phrase, which does not contain a subject and
a verb. The distinction between a clause and a phrase is clearer when
you see them side by side:

when she wakes up.

(This is a clause. It has a subject ("she") and a verb ("wakes up").)
Anna sings...
in the morning.
(This is a phrase. There is no subject and no verb.)

There are two types of clause:

 An independent clause (one that can stand alone as a
sentence).
 A dependent clause (one that is usually a supporting part of
a sentence).

The opening words of the dependent clauses above ("Even though,"

"but," and "After") are all subordinating conjunctions. Subordinating
conjunctions link a dependent clause to an independent clause.
To as a dependent clause A subordinate clause is a clause that cannot
stand alone as a complete sentence; it merely complements a
sentence’s main clause, thereby adding to the whole unit of meaning.
Because a subordinate clause is dependent upon a main clause to be
meaningful, it is also referred.

Clauses can play a variety of roles in sentences. A clause can act as

a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.

 Noun Clauses
 She cannot remember what she said last night.
(The clause acts like a noun. It could be replaced with a noun,
e.g., "her rant.")

Adjective Clauses
 My friend who lives in London looks like Homer Simpson.
(The clause acts like an adjective. It could be replaced with an
adjective, e.g., "my London-based friend.")

Adverbial Clauses
 He lost his double chin after he gave up chocolate.
(The clause acts like an adverb. It could be replaced with an
adverb, e.g., "recently.")
Agreement of Subjects and verbs:

Subjects and verbs must AGREE with one another

in number (singular or plural).  Thus, if a subject is singular, its verb
must also be singular; if a subject is plural, its verb must also be plural.

In the present tense, nouns and verbs form plurals in opposite

ways: nouns ADD an s to the singular form; verbs REMOVE
the s from the singular form.

                                     

These agreement rules do not apply to verbs used in the simple past
tense without any helping verbs.

                  
The agreement rules do, however, apply to the following helping verbs
when they are used with a main verb: is-are, was-were, has-
have, does-do.

                   
The agreement rules do not apply to has-have when used as the
SECOND helping verb in a pair. 

                   

They do NOT apply to any other helping verbs, such as can, could,
shall, should, may, might, will, would, must.

                 
The subject-verb agreement rules apply to all personal pronouns
except I and you, which, although SINGULAR, require PLURAL forms
of verbs.