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Trauma Kepala Handy 2020
Trauma Kepala Handy 2020
SMF BEDAH
FK UWK SURABAYA
ANATOMI TENGKORAK KEPALA DARI
DEPAN
ANATOMI TENGKORAK KEPALA DARI
SAMPING
POTONGAN ANATOMI TENGKORAK
KEPALA
ANATOMI BASIS CRANII
POTONGAN FRONTAL CRANIAL
Arachnoid
GAMBARAN BASIS CRANII TERHADAP
PEMBULUH DARAH
a. Meningica media
PEMBULUH DARAH DAERAH
KEPALA SAMPING
PEMBULUH DARAH DAN SARAF KEPALA
SAMPING
Pendahuluan
Cedera Kepala
Ø Masalah besar
Ø Penyebab kematian ke-3
Ø 10-20% meninggal dijalan atau setibanya di RS
Ø Derajat : 15% COB (Cedera Otak Berat)
15% COS (Cedera Otak Sedang)
70% COR (Cedera Otak Ringan)
Pendahuluan
Klasifikasi penanganan
tergantung pada:
§ Berat ringannya cedera kepala
§ Usaha-usaha mencegah cedera otak sekunder
§ Ada tidaknya komplikasi intrakranial
§ Kualitas pertolongan pertama
§ Kecepatan mendapat terapi definitif
§ Adanya cedera multipel
§ Usia
Patofisiologi
TIK
Herniasi
Titik dekompensasi
Volume massa
Patofisiologi
Tanda-tanda peningkatan TIK
ü Sakit kepala progresif atau menetap
ü Muntah menetap atau proyektil
ü Penurunan kesadaran
ü Cushing response: terjadinya gangguan kesadaran
yang disertai,
-Bradikardi
-Hipertensi
-Gangguan respirasi
ü Herniasi:
-Uncal →pupil dilatasi ipsilateral
→Hemiparese kontralateral
-Central →Rostrocaudal sign
Mild traumatic brain injury
The signs and symptoms of mild traumatic brain injury may include:
* Loss of consciousness for a few seconds to a few minutes
* No loss of consciousness, but a state of being dazed,
confused or disoriented
* Memory or concentration problems
* Headache
* Dizziness or loss of balance
* Nausea or vomiting
* Sensory problems, such as blurred vision, ringing in the ears
or a bad taste in the mouth
* Sensitivity to light or sound
* Mood changes or mood swings
* Feeling depressed or anxious
* Fatigue or drowsiness
* Difficulty sleeping
* Sleeping more than usual
Moderate to severe traumatic brain injuries
Moderate to severe traumatic brain injuries can include any of the
signs and symptoms of mild injury, as well as the following symptoms
that may appear within the first hours to days after a head injury:
* Loss of consciousness from several minutes to hours
* Profound confusion
* Agitation, combativeness or other unusual behavior
* Slurred speech
* Inability to awaken from sleep
* Weakness or numbness in fingers and toes
* Loss of coordination
* Persistent headache or headache that worsens
* Repeated vomiting or nausea
* Convulsions or seizures
* Dilation of one or both pupils of the eyes
* Clear fluids draining from the nose or ears
Children's symptoms
Infants and young children with brain injuries may lack the
communication skills to report headaches, sensory problems,
confusion and similar symptoms. In a child with traumatic brain injury,
you may observe:
* Change in eating or nursing habits
* Persistent crying and inability to be consoled
* Unusual or easy irritability
* Change in ability to pay attention
* Change in sleep habits
* Sad or depressed mood
* Loss of interest in favorite toys or activities
Klasifikasi
Ada 5
1. Cedera kulit
Kontusio, abrasi,laserasi maupun vulnus
appertum lainnya.
2. Cedera tulang
Lokasi: -Fr.kalvaria, Fr.basis kranii
Jenis: Linier, depresi, kominutif
Huhungan dengan luar: tertutup, terbuka
Klasifikasi
3. Cedera parenkim dan selaput otaknya
Cedera otak bila ada pingsan, amnesia,
muntah, pusing, sakit kepala
Eye opening
Predict
Spontaneously 4 Severe br
To voice 3 using fou
To pain 2 admission
No response 1 and pres
Verbal insults. U
Oriented 5 tors have
Disoriented 4 up to 80%
Inappropriate 3
Incomprehensible sounds 2
Head i
No response 1 score of 1
severe,3-8
Motor
Following commands 6 include a
Localizing to pain 5 CT sca
Withdrawing to pain 4 in trauma
Abnormal flexion 3 cated as a
Abnormal extension 2
comes w
No response 1
Respon membuka mata (eye)
(4) Spontan
(3) Dengan suara
(2) Dengan nyeri
(1) Tidak ada reaksi
Battle sign
commended. cranial hematoma, depression greater than 1 cm, frontal
tissue usually sinus involvement, gross cosmetic deformity, wound infec-
the course of tion, pneumocephalus, or gross wound contamination.46
Battle Sign
EPIDURAL HEMATOM
Area of quick
subtemporal
decompression
Rapid subtemporal
decompression
B
A