Dimension of Box Culvert: 1 cell 2m X 2m

Unit width of culvert, w = 1 m

Span, L = 2000 mm
Rise, R = 2000 mm
Height of Fill, H = 1500 mm
Top slab thickness,Tt = 400 mm
Bottom slab thickness,Tb = 450 mm
Wall thickness,Ts = 400 mm
Intermediate Wall thickness,Tis = 0 mm
No. of cell = 1 nos.
Haunch thickness,Th = 300 mm
Reinforcement cover = 75 mm

Tt

Th

Th
Span, L

Ts
Rise, R

Tb

Fig.1 Typical Concrete Box Culvert Dimensions

Materials
a) Concrete
Grade of Concrete M-25
2
Compressive strength, f'c = 25 N/mm
2
Modulus of Elasticity, Ec = 25000.00 N/mm
Material Factor, ϒs = 1.50

b) Reinforcing steel
Grade of Reinforcing Steel Fe-500
2
Yield strength, fy = 500 N/mm
2
Modulus of Elasticity, Es = 200000 N/mm
Material Factor, ϒs = 1.15

Design Parameters
3
Unit weight of Reinforced concrete, γc = 25 kN/m
3
Unit weight of water, γw = 10 kN/m
3
Unit weight of soil γs = 20 kN/m
3
Unit weight of base and subbase γsub = 17 kN/m
3
Unit weight of wearing coat γwc = 22 kN/m
angle of repose of soil, α = 30 degree
A. Dead Load (DL)
Self-weight of the culvert top slab, DCtop = kN/m 10
Total self-weight of the culvert top slab, DCtop = kN 24
Self-weight of one culvert side wall, DCside = kN24.25
Self-weight of one culvert side wall, DCintermediate = kN 0.00
Self-weight of one haunch,DChaunch = kN 1.13
Self-weight as point load for side wall +2haunch = kN26.50
Self-weight as point load for intermediate wall +4haunch = kN 0.00
1
DCbot = (DCtop + 4Ncell ∗ DChaunch + 2DCside + Ncell − 1 DCinter)
Ncell ∗ Span + (Ncell − 1)Ti + 2Ts

Bottom slab weight is excluded as load is assumed to be directly resisted by soil

= 27.50 kN/m
B. Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL)
Overall width of culvert, Bc = 2800 mm
Vertical earth pressure at top of culvert, EV = 30.00 kN/m

C. Lateral Earth Pressure (EH)

Earth pressure coefficient at rest, K0 = 0.500
Lateral earth presssure on the culvert is calculated as equivalent fluid method
At top of the culvert, lateral earth pressure:
EHmax = 17 kN/m (Top)
At the bottom of the culvert, lateral earth pressure:
EHmax = 41.25 kN/m (Bottom)
For minimum lateral earth pressure, unit weigth of soil is taken half
At top of the culvert, lateral earth pressure:
EHmin = 8.5 kN/m (Top)
At the bottom of the culvert, lateral earth pressure:
EHmin = 20.625 kN/m (Bottom)

EV

EH EH

EVReaction
Fig.2 Lateral Earth Pressure and Vertical Earth Pressure

D. Water Pressure (WA)

The culvert is considered full of water as well as empty for water load
Lateral water pressure inside of culvert
WAtop = 0 kN/m
WAbottom = 20.00 kN/m
 WATop

WABot

Fig.3 Water Load

E. Live Load (LL)

Impact factor, I (For 70 R track and wheeled load) = 25 %
Total load of vehicle = 70 ton
width of track of class 70R Tracked vehicle = 0.84 m
Axle width = 2.9 m
length of track of class 70R Tracked vehicle = 4.57 m
Overall length of culvert = 2.4 m
Dispersion of load along span = 7.97 m
Dispersion of load along width = 4.8 m
2
Load per unit area = 18.30 kN/m
Load per unit length = 18.30 kN/m
Load per unit length with impact factor at top slab = 22.87 kN/m

F. Live Load Surcharge (LS)

Equivalent height for live surcharge load, heq = 1.2 m
Lateral live load surcharge = 12.00 kN/m

Load Combination
Strength Limit States
Case A: Box Empty without water
Maximum vertical load and maximum horizontal load
(1.35DL+1.35SIDL+1.5EHmax+1.5LL+1.2LS)

Case B: Box Full with Live Load

Maximum vertical load and minimum horizontal load
(1.35DL+1.35SIDL+1.0EHmin+1.5WA+1.5LL+1.2LS)

Case C: Box Full without Live Load

Minimum vertical load and maximum horizontall load
(1.0DL+1.0SIDL+1.5EHmax+1.5WA)

Servicability Limit State

Rare combination Quasi Permanent
DL 1 1
SIDL 1 1
Earth Pressure 1 1
Water Pressure 1 1
Live load 1 0
Live load Surcharge 0.8 0
Moment Load Combinations (kN-m)
Ultimate Quasi
Rare
Strength Perma.
Top 34.00 21.00 14.00
Side Wall Centre 6.00 2.00 2.00
Bottom 41.00 26.00 18.00
Top Slab Centre 37.00 22.00 14.00
Bottom Slab Centre 49.00 30.00 21.00

Fig 4 Bending moment for Envelope

Shear Load Combinations (kN) at d=300 mm from joint

Ultimate Quasi
Rare
Strength Perma.
Side Wall Top 46.00 25.00 16.00
Bottom 63.00 29.00 21.00
Top Slab Start 78.00 55.00 35.00
End 78.00 55.00 34.00
Bot. Slab Start 99.00 71.00 51.00
End 99.00 71.00 51.00
 Fig 5 Shear Force diagram for Envelope

Fig 5 Shear Force diagram for Envelope

Axial Thrust Load Combinations (kN)

Ultimate Quasi
Rare
Strength Perma.
Side Wall 140.00 100.00 73.00
Top Slab 61.00 33.00 21.00
Bottom Slab 82.00 39.00 27.00

Fig 6 Axial Force diagram for Envelope

Flexural Design Calculation Summary
Top Slab Bottom Slab Sidewall
Inside Outside Inside Outside Inside Outside
Moment (kN-m) 37.00 - 49.00 6.00 41.00
dreq (mm) 105 - 121 42 111
Strength dprov (mm) 319 - 369 319 319
D (mm) 400 - 450 400 400
Ast req (mm2/m) 271 - 311 43 301
2
Ast min (mm /m) 415 415 480 480 415 415
2
Ast prov (mm /m) 754 754 754 754 754 754
Bar dia. (mm) 12 12 12 12 12 12
Spacing (mm) 150 150 150 150 150 150
Rare Moment (kN-m) 22.00 30.00 2.00 26.00
Quasi Moment (kN-m) 14.00 21.00 2.00 18.00
ssc (MPa) 100.45 117.72 9.13 118.71
allo. steel stress (MPa) 400 400 400 400
sc (MPa) 1.77 1.91 0.16 2.09
allo. conc. Stress (MPa) 12 12 12 12
Crack width (mm) 0.10 0.14 0.01 0.13
Max. Crack width (mm) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Shear Design Calculation Summary

Top Slab Bot. Slab Side wall

Shear (kN) 78.00 99.00 63.00
VRd,c (kN) 119 143 119
Shear reinforcement Not Req. Not Req. Not Req.

Axial Thrust Design Calculation Summary Cl. 7.6.4.1 IRC: 112-2011

Top Slab Bot. Slab Side wall

Axial Thrust (kN) 61.00 82.00 140.00
0.1fcdAc(kN) 667 750 667
Design as Bending element Ok Ok Ok
Design Calculation Top Slab

Ultimate Limit State

Ultimate moment, Mu = 37.00 kNm
Ultimate shear, Vu = 78.00 kN
b = 1000 mm
fck = 25 MPa
fy = 500 MPa
γm = 1.5
Es = 2.00E+05 MPa
required depth, dreq = 105 mm
Total depth provided, D = 400 mm
Clear cover for concrete, c = 75mm
Diameter of bar, Φ = 12mm
effective depth provided, d = 319 mm
2
Area of steel required, Ast = 271 mm
Minimum area of steel required, Ast min = 0.13%xbxd
2
(Cl. 16.5.1.1, IRC: 112-2011) = 414.7 mm
Minimum spacing required = 417 mm
638 mm
250 mm
Provide bar spacing of = 150.00 mm
2
Area of steel provided, Ast prov = 754 mm
Distribution steel
Minimum area of steel required, Ast min = 0.13%xbxd
(Cl. 16.5.1.1, IRC: 112-2011) = 414.7 mm2
Adopt bar,Φ = 12.00 mm
Spacing required = 273 mm
Adopt spacing = 150.00 mm
2
Area of steel provided, Ast prov = 753.98 mm

Check for shear

VEd = 78 kN
depth = 319.00 mm
K 1+SQRT(200/d) = 1.79
ρ1 = 0.0024 ≤ 0.02
scp = 0.00
VRd,c = 114.52 kN
VRd,c min = 118.59 kN
VRd,c = 118.59 kN
VRd,c > VEd Shear design not required
ϕ = 1.6
Short term static Modulus of elasticity of concrete, Ec eff = 9615.38 MPa
Modular ratio, m = 20.80

Serviceability Limit State

Check for:
1. Permissible stress in concrete and steel for rare combination
2. Crack width check for quasi permanent combination

Permissible stress check

Maximum compressive stress in concrete under rare combination
= 0.48fck
Cl. 12.2.1. IRC: 112-2011 = 12 MPa
Maximum tensile stress in steel under rare combination = 0.8fy
Cl. 12.2.2. IRC: 112-2011 = 400 MPa

Rare combination Moment, M = 22.00 kNm

Modular ratio, m = 20.80
Neutral axis, Xu = 85.57 mm
2
Area of steel provided, Ast prov = 754 mm
4
Cracked Moment of inertia, Icr = 1.06E+09 mm
2
Stress in steel reinforcement, ssc = 100.45 N/mm
< 400 MPa OK
2
Stress in concrete, sc = 1.77 N/mm
< 12 MPa OK
Crack control width
Servicable Quasi-permanent moment, M = 14.00 kNm
2
Area of steel provided, Ast prov = 754 mm
Spacing of bar = 150 mm
Effective cover, cc = 81 mm
Modular ratio, m = 20.80
Neutral axis, Xu = 85.57 mm
4
Moment of inertia, I = 1.06E+09 mm
2
Stress in steel reinforcement, ssc = 63.92 N/mm

Crack width, WK= Sr max *(ɛsm-ɛsm) = 0.103 mm

clause 12.3.4 of IRC: 112-2011 < 0.3 mm OK
Table 12.1 of IRC: 112-2011
,
s − 1+α ρ ,
ρ , s = 0.000192
ɛ −ɛ = . ; 0.6
eq.12.6 of IRC 112-2011
fctm = 2.2
S = 0.25
t1 = 1 day
age of concrete in days, t = 28 days
βcc(t) 28 = 1
= exp 1−
eq.6.3 of IRC 112-2011 ⁄1
α = 0.67
( ) = β ( ) = 2.2
eq.6.7 of IRC 112-2011
= . 1.6 − /1000 ; ( ) = 2.8182
eq.6.6 of IRC 112-2011
ℎ−
ℎ, = . 2.5 ℎ − ; ; ℎ/2
3 = 104.81
eq.12.6 of IRC 112-2011
2
Ac,eff = 104811 mm
αe = Es/Ecm = 20.80

Kt = 0.5
0.425 ϕ = 538.58 mm
, = 3.4 +
ρ
eq.12.8 of IRC 112-2011
k1 = 0.8
k2 = 0.5
Diameter of bar, Φ = 12 mm
Clear cover for concrete, c = 75 mm
ρp,eff=As/Ac,eff = 0.00719
eq.12.7 of IRC 112-2011
Design Calculation Bottom Slab

Ultimate Limit State

Ultimate moment, Mu = 49.00 kNm
Ultimate shear, Vu = 99.00 kN
b = 1000 mm
fck = 25 MPa
fy = 500 MPa
γm = 1.5
Es = 2.00E+05 MPa
required depth, dreq = 121 mm
Total depth provided, D = 450.00mm
Clear cover for concrete, c = 75mm
Diameter of bar, Φ = 12.00mm
effective depth provided, d = 369 mm
2
Area of steel required, Ast = 311 mm
Minimum area of steel required, Ast min = 0.13%xbxd
2
(Cl. 16.5.1.1, IRC: 112-2011) = 479.7 mm
Minimum spacing required = 364 mm
738 mm
250 mm
Provide bar spacing of = 150.00 mm
2
Area of steel provided, Ast prov = 754 mm

Distribution steel
Minimum area of steel required, Ast min = 0.13%xbxd
(Cl. 16.5.1.1, IRC: 112-2011) = 479.7 mm2
Adopt bar,Φ = 12.00 mm
Spacing required = 236 mm
Adopt spacing = 150.00 mm
2
Area of steel provided, Ast prov = 753.98 mm

Check for shear

VEd = 99 kN
depth+1/3haunch depth = 419 mm
K 1+SQRT(200/d) = 1.69
ρ1 = 0.0018 ≤ 0.02
ρcp = 0.00
VRd,c = 129.73 kN
VRd,c min = 142.80 kN
VRd,c = 142.80 kN
VRd,c > VEd Shear design not required
ϕ = 1.6
Short term static Modulus of elasticity of concrete, Ec eff = 9615.38 MPa
Modular ratio, m = 20.80

Serviceability Limit State

Check for:
1. Permissible stress in concrete and steel for rare combination
2. Crack width check for quasi permanent combination

Permissible stress check

Maximum compressive stress in concrete under rare combination
= 0.48fck
Cl. 12.2.1. IRC: 112-2011 = 12 MPa
Maximum tensile stress in steel under rare combination = 0.8fy
Cl. 12.2.2. IRC: 112-2011 = 400 MPa

Rare combination Moment, M = 30.00 kNm

Modular ratio, m = 20.80
Neutral axis, Xu = 93.04 mm
2
Area of steel provided, Ast prov = 754 mm
4
Cracked Moment of inertia, Icr = 1.46E+09 mm
2
Stress in steel reinforcement, ssc = 117.72 N/mm
< 400 MPa OK
2
Stress in concrete, sc = 1.91 N/mm
< 12 MPa OK
Crack control width
Servicable Quasi-permanent moment, M = 21.00 kNm
2
Area of steel provided, Ast prov = 754 mm
Spacing of bar = 150 mm
Effective cover, cc = 81 mm
Modular ratio, m = 20.80
Neutral axis, Xu = 93.04 mm
4
Moment of inertia, I = 1.46E+09 mm
2
Stress in steel reinforcement, ssc = 82.41 N/mm

Crack width, WK= Sr max *(ɛsm-ɛsm) = 0.143 mm

clause 12.3.4 of IRC: 112-2011 < 0.3 mm OK
Table 12.1 of IRC: 112-2011
,
s − 1+α ρ ,
ρ , s = 0.000247
ɛ −ɛ = . ; 0.6
eq.12.6 of IRC 112-2011
fctm = 2.2
S = 0.25
t1 = 1 day
age of concrete in days, t = 28 days
βcc(t) 28 = 1
= exp 1−
eq.6.3 of IRC 112-2011 ⁄1
α = 0.67
( ) = β ( ) = 2.2
eq.6.7 of IRC 112-2011
= . 1.6 − /1000 ; ( ) = 2.7082
eq.6.6 of IRC 112-2011
ℎ−
ℎ, = . 2.5 ℎ − ; ; ℎ/2
3 = 118.99
eq.12.6 of IRC 112-2011
2
Ac,eff = 118988 mm
αe = Es/Ecm = 20.80

Kt = 0.5
0.425 ϕ = 576.94 mm
, = 3.4 +
ρ
eq.12.8 of IRC 112-2011
k1 = 0.8
k2 = 0.5
Diameter of bar, Φ = 12 mm
Clear cover for concrete, c = 75 mm
ρp,eff=As/Ac,eff = 0.00634
eq.12.7 of IRC 112-2011
Design Calculation Side Wall Inside

Ultimate Limit State

Ultimate moment, Mu = 6.00 kNm
Ultimate shear, Vu = 63.00 kN
b = 1000 mm
fck = 25 MPa
fy = 500 MPa
γm = 1.5
Es = 2.00E+05 MPa
required depth, dreq = 42mm
Total depth provided, D = 400.00mm
Clear cover for concrete, c = 75mm
Diameter of bar, Φ = 12.00mm
effective depth provided, d = 319 mm
2
Area of steel required, Ast = 43 mm
Minimum area of steel required, Ast min = 0.13%xbxd
2
(Cl. 16.5.1.1, IRC: 112-2011) = 414.7 mm
Minimum spacing required = 2607 mm
638 mm
250 mm
Provide bar spacing of = 150.00 mm
2
Area of steel provided, Ast prov = 754 mm

Check for shear

VEd = 63 kN
K 1+SQRT(200/d) = 1.79
ρ1 = 0.0024 ≤ 0.02
ρcp = 0.00
VRd,c = 114.52 kN
VRd,c min = 118.59 kN
VRd,c = 118.59 kN
VRd,c > VEd Shear design not required

ϕ = 1.6
Short term static Modulus of elasticity of concrete, Ec eff = 9615.38 MPa
Modular ratio, m = 20.80

Serviceability Limit State

Check for:
1. Permissible stress in concrete and steel for rare combination
2. Crack width check for quasi permanent combination
Permissible stress check
Maximum compressive stress in concrete under rare combination
= 0.48fck
Cl. 12.2.1. IRC: 112-2011 = 12 MPa
Maximum tensile stress in steel under rare combination = 0.8fy
Cl. 12.2.2. IRC: 112-2011 = 400 MPa

Rare combination Moment, M = 2.00 kNm

Modular ratio, m = 20.80
Neutral axis, Xu = 85.57 mm
2
Area of steel provided, Ast prov = 754 mm
4
Cracked Moment of inertia, Icr = 1.06E+09 mm
2
Stress in steel reinforcement, ssc = 9.13 N/mm
< 400 MPa OK
2
Stress in concrete, sc = 0.16 N/mm
< 12 MPa OK
Crack control width
Servicable Quasi-permanent moment, M = 2.00 kNm
2
Area of steel provided, Ast prov = 754 mm
Spacing of bar = 150 mm
Effective cover, cc = 81 mm
Modular ratio, m = 20.80
Neutral axis, Xu = 85.57 mm
4
Moment of inertia, I = 1.06E+09 mm
2
Stress in steel reinforcement, ssc = 9.13 N/mm

Crack width, WK= Sr max *(ɛsm-ɛsm) = 0.015 mm

clause 12.3.4 of IRC: 112-2011 < 0.3 mm OK
Table 12.1 of IRC: 112-2011
,
s − 1+α ρ ,
ρ , s = 0.000027
ɛ −ɛ = . ; 0.6
eq.12.6 of IRC 112-2011
fctm = 2.2
S = 0.25
t1 = 1 day
age of concrete in days, t = 28 days
βcc(t) 28 = 1
= exp 1−
eq.6.3 of IRC 112-2011 ⁄1
α = 0.67
( ) = β ( ) = 2.2
eq.6.7 of IRC 112-2011
= . 1.6 − /1000 ; ( ) = 2.8182
eq.6.6 of IRC 112-2011
ℎ−
ℎ, = . 2.5 ℎ − ; ; ℎ/2
3 = 104.81
eq.12.6 of IRC 112-2011
2
Ac,eff = 104811 mm
αe = Es/Ecm = 20.80

Kt = 0.5
0.425 ϕ = 538.58 mm
, = 3.4 +
ρ
eq.12.8 of IRC 112-2011
k1 = 0.8
k2 = 0.5
Diameter of bar, Φ = 12 mm
Clear cover for concrete, c = 75 mm
ρp,eff=As/Ac,eff = 0.00719
eq.12.7 of IRC 112-2011
Design Calculation Side Wall Outside

Ultimate Limit State

Ultimate moment, Mu = 41.00 kNm
Ultimate shear, Vu = 63.00 kN
b = 1000 mm
fck = 25 MPa
fy = 500 MPa
γm = 1.5
Es = 2.00E+05 MPa
required depth, dreq = 111 mm
Total depth provided, D = 400.00 mm
Clear cover for concrete, c = 75 mm
Diameter of bar, Φ = 12.00 mm
effective depth provided, d = 319 mm
Area of steel required, Ast = 301 mm2
Minimum area of steel required, Ast min = 0.13%xbxd
(Cl. 16.5.1.1, IRC: 112-2011) = 414.7 mm2
Minimum spacing required = 375.36 mm
638 mm
250 mm
Provide bar spacing of = 150 mm
Area of steel provided, Ast prov = 754 mm2

Check for shear

VEd = 63 kN
K 1+SQRT(200/d) = 1.79
ρ1 = 0.0024 ≤ 0.02
ρcp = 0.00
VRd,c = 114.52 kN
VRd,c min = 118.59 kN
VRd,c = 118.59 kN
VRd,c > VEd Shear design not required

ϕ = 1.6
Short term static Modulus of elasticity of concrete, Ec eff = 9615.38 MPa
Modular ratio, m = 20.80

Serviceability Limit State

Check for:
1. Permissible stress in concrete and steel for rare combination
2. Crack width check for quasi permanent combination
Permissible stress check
Maximum compressive stress in concrete under rare combination
= 0.48fck
Cl. 12.2.1. IRC: 112-2011 = 12 MPa
Maximum tensile stress in steel under rare combination = 0.8fy
Cl. 12.2.2. IRC: 112-2011 = 400 MPa

Rare combination Moment, M = 26 kNm

Modular ratio, m = 20.80
Neutral axis, Xu = 85.57 mm
Area of steel provided, Ast prov = 754 mm2
Cracked Moment of inertia, Icr = 1.06E+09 mm4
Stress in steel reinforcement, ssc = 118.71 N/mm2
< 400 MPa OK
Stress in concrete, sc = 2.09 N/mm2
< 12 MPa OK
Crack control width
Servicable Quasi-permanent moment, M = 18 kNm
Area of steel provided, Ast prov = 754 mm2
Spacing of bar = 150 mm
Effective cover, cc = 81 mm
Modular ratio, m = 20.80
Neutral axis, Xu = 85.57 mm
Moment of inertia, I = 1.06E+09 mm4
Stress in steel reinforcement, ssc = 82.19 N/mm2

Crack width, WK= Sr max *(ɛsm-ɛsm) = 0.133 mm

clause 12.3.4 of IRC: 112-2011 < 0.3 mm OK
Table 12.1 of IRC: 112-2011
,
s − 1+α ρ ,
ρ , s = 0.000247
ɛ −ɛ = . ; 0.6
eq.12.6 of IRC 112-2011
fctm = 2.2
S = 0.25
t1 = 1 day
age of concrete in days, t = 28 days
βcc(t) 28 = 1
= exp 1−
eq.6.3 of IRC 112-2011 ⁄1
α = 0.67
( ) = β ( ) = 2.2
eq.6.7 of IRC 112-2011
= . 1.6 − /1000 ; ( ) = 2.8182
eq.6.6 of IRC 112-2011
ℎ−
ℎ, = . 2.5 ℎ − ; ; ℎ/2
3 = 104.81
eq.12.6 of IRC 112-2011
Ac,eff = 104811 mm2
αe = Es/Ecm = 20.80

Kt = 0.5
0.425 ϕ = 538.58 mm
, = 3.4 +
ρ
eq.12.8 of IRC 112-2011
k1 = 0.8
k2 = 0.5
Diameter of bar, Φ = 12 mm
Clear cover for concrete, c = 75 mm
ρp,eff=As/Ac,eff = 0.00719
eq.12.7 of IRC 112-2011