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*Bagian Prostodonsi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi UNHAS, Makassar,
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10 Kampus Tamalanrea. Tlp.0411-586012 Makassar
**Bagian Prostodonsi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan
Jl. Alumni No,2 Kampus USU Medan 20155

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Background: Cervical end preparation is an important procedure in fixed partial denture, because
if it is inadequate it will increase dental plaque accumulation which is the beginning of
periodontal disease. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of cervical end
preparation design on collarless metal ceramic crown to the level of IL-1 ȕ in gingival crevice
fluid (GCF). 
  $ the study was carried out using by quasi experimental with pre and post
test with contol grup design involving 48 subjects. The tooth preparation and the cervical end
preparation were made with shoulder, beveled shoulder, and deep chamfer cervical end
preparation. The assessment of IL-1ȕ in GCF was measured before and 1,7, 21 days after
insertion of collarless metal ceramic crown. "
$ This study showed that the increase of level
IL-1ȕ in GCF on bevel shoulder and deep chamfer was significant different compared with
control group (p<0,05). # $ Shoulder is a better preparation design for collarless metal
ceramic crown. %
 $cervical end preparation design, IL-1ȕ in gingival crevice fluid.

&c"'()#c'&

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) as cytokine is suspected to play a role in pathological change of the

periodontal tissue. IL-1 will descend in the gingival tissue and the GCF after cleaning of
calculus.1,2

The term m
m 1 (IL-1) was introduced in 1979. There were 2 kinds of interleukin :
IL-1Į and IL-1ȕ. This role was mainly done by IL-1ȕ co-operated with TNF-Į. The discovery of
IL-1ȕ in GCF and in the gingival tissue prove that cytokine was produced locally by periodontal
cells significant increased its role in pathogenesis the periodontal disease.2,3,5

The aim of this article is reporting the study titled the effect of cervical end preparation
designs on collarless metal ceramic crown to the level of IL-1ȕ in GCF.

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 This experimental study was using pre and post test with control group design of 48
upper central incisive from Faculty of Dentistry Hasanuddin University student. Population was
the student from 2000 to 2007, between 19-27 years old. Criteria of the sample were both male
and female students who had caries media on the proximal of the incisive. Three treatment
groups that are shoulder, beveled shoulder, and deep chamfer cervical end, respectively 8 teeth.
Control consisted of 24 contralateral teeth. Culture of the bacteria was made before teeth
preparation, and on the 1st. 7th, and 21st day after insertion of the crown. Data was analyzed by t-
test and chi square.

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+
 The change of IL-1ȕ level on 0, 1, 7, 21 days after insertion of collarless metal ceramic
crown

Design Day Mean N SD P

Deep chamfer 0 1,569 0,662
8 0,241
Deep chamfer 1 1,770 0,759
8 0,062
Deep chamfer 7 1,975 0,896
8 0,048*
Deep chamfer 21 2,259 1,066

Bevel shoulder 0 1,685 0,711

8 0,238
Bevel shoulder 1 1,901 0,817
8 0,034*
Bevel shoulder 7 2,206 0,885
8 0,021*
Bevel shoulder 21 2,550 1,002

Shoulder 0 1,275 0,539

8 0,237
Shoulder 1 1,440 0,618
8 0,064
Shoulder 7 1,605 0,729
8 0,053
Shoulder 21 1,823 0,860

c
+
, Difference of the IL-1ȕ level in GCF after the collarless metal ceramic crown fitting

Design Day Changing mean SD P

Deep chamfer 1.770 0.759
Control 1.018 0.812 0,065
Bevel Shoulder 1.901 0.817
Control 1 1.091 0.872 0,065
Shoulder 1.440 0.618
Control 0.828 0.660 0,065
 Deep chamfer 1.975 1.481
Control 1.108 0.588 0,061
Bevel shoulder 2.206 5.765
Control 7 1.091 2.405 ÄÄ 
Shoulder 1.605 0.618
Control 0.828 0.660 0,061

Deep chamfer 2.259 1.066

Control 1.023 0.810 ÄÄ

Bevel shoulder 2.550 1.002
Control 21 1.096 0.870 ÄÄ,-
Shoulder 1.823 0/860
control 0.831 0.659 0,051

Table 1 showed that on the 7th day, there was a significant difference of the level of IL-1ȕ
in GCF between the treatment group and the control only in the bevel shoulder design (p< 0,05).
Whereas the 21st day, there was a significant difference found in the level of IL-1ȕ in GCF in
bevel shoulder and deep chamfer design (p< 0,05).

Table 2 showed that on the 7th day, significant difference of IL-1ȕ happened between the
treatment group and the control group only in bevel shoulder preparation design (p< 0,05).
Whereas on the 21st day, there was a significant difference of IL-1ȕ level in bevel shoulder
preparation and deep chamfer design (p< 0,05).

(#)'&

The process of the inflammation include the entry of white blood cells, complement,
antibodies and protein plasma to the infection or lesion area to maintain it self.3,4 Inflammation
was the reaction of the body to the entry of the foreign object, micro-organisms or tissue damage.
To destroy the foreign object, the body will move the elements of the immune system to the area
of the inflammation.5

The inflammation in gingival could be classified on acute, sub-acute, and chronic

inflammation. The vascular response in the lesion was basic for reaction of the acute
inflammation. Without adequate blood supplies, reaction of inflammation could not happen. The
vascular change could be divide into two, those are blood flow and vascular permeability.6

In adequate cervical margin design preparation (deep chamfer and bevel shoulder
preparation) the plaque bacteria will patch easily and cause the inflammation to this area. To be
contrary with shoulder preparation design, which has good adaptation of the teeth cervical
margin to the crown cervical margin restoration, until the plaque could not adhere to this area.
 Shoulder preparation design, in this research, did not increase the level of IL-1ȕ in GCF,
because the margin was so close, so could prevent the bacteria invade into gingival. Other results
showed that cervical margin preparation design of beveled shoulder and deep chamfer could
increase the level of IL-1ȕ in GCF that caused immunologic reaction. Immunologic reaction will
stimulate macrophage to trigger IL-1ȕ and migrated into GCF, caused the emergences
inflammation reaction in gingival.1,5

#'&#)'&

Design of cervical margin preparation could increase the level of IL-1ȕ in GCF. Shoulder
is a best cervical end preparation design for collarless metal ceramic crown restoration.

"."&#

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