Senior High School

Integrating Elements
and Principles of
Organization in the
Arts
Senior High School Module
1: Different Elements and
Principles of Organization in
Arts
Introduction
The elements & principles of art, also known as the elements & principles of design, open our eyes to
the beauty that is in us & all around us. The elements & principles of art are the building blocks of
understanding
& creating art that expresses and moves us.That is the reason I call them the ABCs of Art. Just
as the letters of any alphabet are fundamental to understanding that language, the elements &
principles of art are fundamental to understanding the language of art.

CPAR – Senior High School

Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 1: Contemporary Art Forms
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Julius O. Espiritu
Editor: Amalia Solis EPS.
Reviewers: Ma. Aurora T. Colorado ; Herwin Gatdula (Content); Fatima Vergara (Language)
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Regional ADM Coordinator
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Division ADM Coordinator
Printed in the Philippines by

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 SHS

Contemporary
Philippine Arts
from the
Regions
Module 1:
Contemporary Art
Forms
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Contemporary Arts from the Regions SHS Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Contemporary Art Forms

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the teachers

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the CPAR 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Contemporary Art Forms!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

3
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of
What is It the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the skills and topics under the subject matter on Various Contemporary Art
Forms. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using.

The module is focused on the following lessons:

 Meaning of Art, Nature, Importance, Functions
 Contemporary Art Forms and Practices from the Region
 Various Art Forms Found in the Philippines

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Specific Objectives
Cognitive
 Define art, art works and contemporary arts.
  Describe various contemporary art forms and their practices from the region.
(Most Essential Learning Competency)
 Discuss various art forms found in the Philippines
(Most Essential Learning Competency)
Affective
 Appreciate the significance of arts in one’s daily life as a student.
Psychomotor
 Design a contemporary art form using coffee as medium.

What I Know
I. Directions: The following questions were the topics you have learned during your
junior high school which were related to opera and theatre. It is considered as part
of the Philippine Contemporary Arts. Read and analyze each sentence. Write the
letter of the best answer before each number.

1. What form of art and musical in which singing and musicians perform dramatic
work combining text and musical score, usually in elaborate theatrical setting?
A. Opera C. Dulaang Zorilla
B. La Loba Negra D. La Trails
2. The Metropolitan Theater was built by the former First Lady Imelda R. Marcos.
What place in Metro Manila Area does Metropolitan theater located?
A. Makati C. Mandaluyong
B. Manila D. Muntinlupa
3. La Loba Negra was a three act Filipino Opera inspired by the three martyred
priest. What does La Loba Negra mean?
A. The Black She Wolf C. The Black Ninja
B. The Black Magic D. The Black Suit
4. In a musical play Miss Saigon, Lea Salonga became a lead star of the play. What
was her screen name in the play?
A. Lea C. Sam
B. Shane D. Kim
5. The establishment of the Cultural Center of the Philippines by First Lady Imelda
Marcos paved the way for other Filipino Operas to be staged at the legitimate
venue of International Standard. In what year does CCP was built?
A. 1969 B. 1970 C. 1971 D. 1972
Lesson
Contemporary Art Forms
1
This lesson covers the initial subject matter of the Contemporary Philippine
Arts from the Region which emphasize on contemporary art forms and practices
from the regions and on various art forms. This particular module also gives you a
glimpse of various local contemporary artists, which enable you to understand
more the importance of contemporary Philippine Arts.

What’s In
Direction: Organize the words to complete the statement. From the idea that was
yielded from the words, explain your own understanding of the statement. Write
your answer on the space provided below.

CONTEMPORARY AND FORMS PRACTICES

ART THE REGIONS FROM

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 What’s New

Direction: What do you think are the qualities of an artist? Do you possess those
character traits? If you do, state some of your artistic qualities. Write your answer
on the space provided below.

What is It
I. THE MEANING OF ART

This lesson introduces the meaning of arts from various sources, its
importance and functions. It also gives the definition of art appreciation and what
subject of arts means.
Nature of ART
 Derived from the Latin word ars/artis which means to do or man-made.
 A medium of expression because we express our ideas, emotions, feelings,
without using words.
 Creative activity that involves skill or expertise in handling materials and
organizing them into something new.
 Applied to express ideas by the use of skill and imagination in the creation of
objects and experiences that can be shared to others.
 Art is derived from Latin word "ars," meaning ability or skill. -J.V. Estolas
 Art is taken from the Italian word "artis," which means craftsmanship, skill,
mastery of form exist between material and technique. - A.Tan
 Art is a product of man's need to express himself. – R. Zulueta
 Art is the communication of ideas and feelings by means of medium, color,
sound, bronze, marble, words, and film. -C. Sanchez
 Art is beauty of the world. – Plato
 Art is an attitude of spirit, a state of mind-one which demands for its own
satisfaction and fulfilling. – J. Dewey
 Art is the skilful arrangement of nature such as colors sounds, lines,
movements, words, stones, wood, etc., and to express human feelings. –
Rustia

Importance of Art
 Satisfies the needs for personal expression
 Develops our skills to express ourselves
 Challenges us to see things differently
 Unleashes our hidden desires and passion
 Can change our ways in life
 Sees the truth that we might not understand before
 Gives pleasure, satisfaction and gratification

Functions of Art
 Most important means of expression developed by man.
 To express beauty
 To give man moment of relaxation and spiritual happiness
 To serve as a channel of man’s passion
 To reform man
 To overcome the feelings of restlessness and loneliness

Art Appreciation
 It is the ability to interpret or understand man-made arts and enjoy them
either through actual and work-experience with tools and materials or
possession of these works for satisfaction.
Work of Art
 An activity that involves both imagination and skill in accomplishing it
 A thing of beauty having aesthetic value; obra maestra that provides
aesthetic value to viewers
 Must have an artistic and literary merit
 A symbolic state of meaning rather having a practical function

Subject of Art
 The subject matter may vary, usually anything that is represented in the
artwork. It may be a person, object, scene, or event.

II. THE CONTEMPORARY ARTS FROM THE REGION

This lesson elucidates the meaning of Contemporary Arts and Contemporary

Philippine Arts. It also exhibits some art forms that can be found in Luzon, Visayas
and Mindanao, as well as various indigenous materials being used in creating some
art works.

Contemporary Arts

 According to quora.com, contemporary art forms refer to field of arts such as

painting, drawing, dancing, music, sculpture, architecture, etc.
 According to Wikipedia.org, contemporary art is the art of today and
produced in the second half of the 20th century or in the 21st century.
 Contemporary artists work in a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and
technologically advanced world.
 Contemporary art in most cases, defined it as art that has been and
continuously being created during our lifetime. (widewall.ch)
Example: The artist is using different computer software on his/her artwork.
 During the 21st century, these art forms include photography, graphic design
and animation.
 Contemporary art is the art of the modern world, created in the last half of
the 21st Century.
 Contemporary or modern-day artists work in an internationally inclined,
culturally and ethnically diverse and technologically and scientifically
forward moving world.
Their art is a vigorous arrangement of resources, approaches, impressions
and themes that linger the thought-provoking limitations that was
previously well in progress in the 20th Century.

Contemporary Philippine Art

 The art of the Philippines refers to the works of art that have developed and
accumulated in the Philippines from the beginning of civilization in the
country up to the present era.
 According to Santos (2016), in Philippine art as in its culture, one notes the
various shades, lines, and tones, and even the contrasting characters that
 have been absorbed and blended into new forms that are particularly
Filipino.
 Contemporary Arts began during the 1950s, after World War II. Artists
began to experiment various procedures and various methods of
communicating their feelings, perspectives, thoughts, and different things
that they needed to communicate through Arts. They were viewed as
contemporary artists in light of the fact that their styles and methods of
making artworks veered away from that of customary workmanship.
 As times change, innovation, individual’s thoughts, issues, needs, and so
forth change as well. Contemporary art would now be able to be discovered
any place artist can put their work. It isn't kept in historical centers.
 Contemporary Philippine Arts tends to be found in the various displays, art
schools, side lanes and open spaces like train or transport stations,
shopping centers, parks and malls. Along these lines, what is basic in
contemporary arts is the procedure of art-making. For most, it is not how
much cash they make from their last work but the message it wants to
convey.

Contemporary Art Forms from the Region

 It refers to art forms that are developing in various regions of the Philippines
that relied on the existing materials in specific region or province.
 For example, natives of Batanes or the Ivatans use a headgear called Vacul,
made from the fibres of vuyavuy palm, to protect them from the scotching
heat of the sun while working on their farmlands. This particular headgear is
also a substitute to umbrella in rainy season.

https://Wikipedia,org/Ivatabn_Vacul

 Another example of regional art forms are the vases and statues crafted in
the Cordillera region, particularly in Baguio and Benguet area.

https://Wikipedia,org/Benguwet_Statue

 These statues are similar to the statues used by indigenous people in rituals
intended for thanksgiving for rich harvest, to repel sinister and for
 celebration of marriages and in conducting funeral. Some of these statues
together with paintings and other art forms are now part of Philippine
indigenous arts.
 In the province of Marinduque, those who partake in the celebration of
Moriones Festival use morion masks to portray the Roman soldiers and
Syrian mercenaries in the story of the Passion of the Christ.
 The Moriones denotes the masked and costumed penitents who march
around the town for seven days searching for Longinus. These Masks were
intricately painted with colorful designs that symbolize Roman culture,
Customs and tradition.

https://Wikipedia,org/Moriones_Festival

 In the Visayan Region, maskara, which means Mask is a prominent feature

of the festival which also bears the same name. Maskara are always
ornamented with smiling faces, giving rise to Bacolod being named the "City
of Smiles".

https://WIikipedia,org/Maskara_Festival

 Inhabitants of the Panay Islands are also known for having tattoos or
pinta which symbolizes their “kaisugan” or valor or bravery.

https://Wikipedia,org/Pintados_Festival

 These tattoos are called Pinta which makes Visayan people of Ilo-ilo and
Panay regions to earn the name “Pintados” which later became the name of
their festival.
 In Mindanao Area, Muslim people of Zamboanga are renowned for their
colorful “Vintas”.
 Vinta is a traditional outrigger boat of Mindanao Island. Vintas are
characterized by their colorful rectangular log sails or bukay and
bifurcated prows and sterns, which resemble the gaping mouth of a
crocodile. Vinta are used as fishing vessels, cargo ships, and houseboats

https://Wikipedia,org/Vinta

 Tribes of Mindanao are also known for T'nalak, a traditional cloth made by a
group of people in Lake Sebu, South Cotabato called T'bolis, This traditional
cloth is hand-woven made of Abaca fibers which traditionally has three
primary colors, red, black and the original color of the Abaca leaves. The
colorants of the materials are naturally dyed boiled in with bark, roots and
leaves.

h ttp s://W i kip ed ia,org /T’n alak

 T’bolis believes that they cannot create a design of the Tinalak if they have
not dreamed of it. Therefore, they are sometimes called the "Dream
Weavers".
 Lastly, Sarimanok, the legendary bird that has become an ubiquitous
symbol of Maranao art. It is depicted as a fowl with colorful wings and
feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head is profusely
decorated with scroll, leaf, and spiral motifs. It is said to be a symbol of good
fortune.

https://Wikipedia,org/Sarimanok
 Filipino contemporary artists use various local materials that are indigenous
in our country. These include Abaca, which belongs to Banana family. Its
fiber has a natural luster with colors ranging from pure white to ivory and
dark brown. It is being used in making slippers, ropes, twine and hammock.

https://Wikipedia,org/Abaca_Fiber(Manila_Hemp)

 Bamboo is use as raw material in creating many products. It is used in

construction, textile, musical instruments, weapons, and many more.

https://Wikipedia,org/Bamboo

 Buri on the other hand is extracted from the matured leaves of the buri
palm. The fibre is durable and resistant to moisture. Hats, bags, baskets,
memorabilia boxes, perfume tray are other products that can be made out of
Buri leaves.

https://Wikipedia,org/Buri

 Pandan, a tropical plant, is processed and transformed into splints that are
being used as raw material. Pandan is use in producing baskets, hats,
picture frames and bags.

h ttp s://W i kip ed ia,org /T’n alak

  Lastly, Rattan which belongs to the palm family has different types such as
high or low climbers, single stemmed or clustered rattan species. Rattan is
being used in manufacturing baskets, picture frames, furniture and other
novelty items, Zoya lounge chair, Valencia queen size bed and Rest divan.

https://Wikipedia,org/Rattan

III. VARIOUS ART FORMS

This lesson enumerates different classification of art forms and list down some
local Filipino Contemporary artist, some of whom are awardees of GAMABA and are
considered as “Living National Treasure” of the country.

DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATIONS OF ART FORMS

 By the Audience - focus on how audience classify arts

 Performing Arts - involves the use of an artist’s body as a medium; an
art form that requires movement from one place to another (e.g. plays,
movies, live music, movies/TV shows, operas, mimes, puppet shows,
acrobatics, dances, and ballets)
 Visual Arts - usually exists in two-dimensional form and stays in one
place; something that we see and hear
 Literature - narratives or works that are literary in nature and
primarily deals with imaginative and artistic writing (e.g. prose and
poetry)
 Sculptural - a three-dimensional form that we can touch, see, and
climb. It stays in one place. (e.g. monuments, architectural designs,
rice terraces, rock gardens, Eiffel Tower, Statue of Liberty, flower
gardens, water fountains, and buildings)
 By Critics - Focus on how people judge art
 Major Arts or Fine Arts - those that include music, literature,
sculpture, painting, dance, theater, photography, and architecture
 Minor Arts or Applied Arts - those that include ceramics, furniture,
letterings, etc.
 Pure Art - created and performed for other’s sake and for audience
satisfaction (e.g. watching movie)
 Practical Art - with a purpose; for practical use (e.g. chair and
table)
  By an Artist - Characterized by physical and special sensing
 Sight Art - something that you can see, imagine, and create (e.g.
painting, drawing, mosaic crafting, drafting, stage designing, and
graphic designing)
 Sound Art - something that you can hear (e.g. prose, poetry, play, and
music)
 Touch Art- something that you can feel or touch (e.g. sculpture,
curving, wood craft, pottery, and dance movement)
 Other Classifications
 Real Art - something that is understandable, “what you see is
what you get”, objective and representational (e.g. photography, stage
play, dance, sculpture, and architecture)
 Abstract Art- non-subject matter, non-representational but technique-
focused and style-oriented (e.g. Grey Tree by Piet Mondrian)

LOCAL FILIPINO CONTEMPORARY ARTISTS

This list of local Filipino Contemporary artists includes awardees from

Gawad ng Manlilikha ng Bayan or GAMABA who are considered as our “National
Living Treasures”. These awardees produce art forms that are woven into everyday
life. These artists elucidate how pre-colonial traditions and cultural aspects survive
though the contemporary times.

Artist Tribe/Region Contemporary

Art Form
Lisa Macuja – Elizalde Manila - National Capital Ballet
-Artistic Director Of Ballet Region
Ginaw Bilog Hanonou, Mangyan Poetry
Panaytayan, Oriental Mindoro
Masino Intaray Pala’wan Brookes Point, Local Music
Palawan
Samaon Sulaiman- Mamasa pano, Magundanao Local Music
Lang Dulay T’boli, Lake Sebu, South Textile Weaving
Cotobato
Salinta Monon Tagabawa Bagobo, Bansalan, Textile Weaving
Davao del Sur
Alonzo Saclag Lubugan, Kalinga Local Music And
Dance
Federico Caballero Sulod-Bukidnon, Calinog, Epic Chanting
Iloilo
Uwang Ahadas Yakan Lamitan, Basailan Local Music
Darhata Sawabi Tausug, Parang, Sulu Textile Weaving
Eduardo Mutuc Kapampangan, Apalit, Metal Working
Pampanga
Haja Amina Appi Sama Tandubas, Tawi-Tawi Mat Weaving
Teofilo Garcia Ilokano, San Quintin, Abra Casque Making
Magdalena Gamayo Ilokano, Pinili, Ilocos Norte Textile Weaving
 What’s More

Activity 1. Let us Discover

Direction: Have a virtual tour of our contemporary artists’ works at
https://ncca.gov.ph/ and choose one masterpiece that attracts you
most. Research and give details about its form. Be guided by the
questions below. For learners who do not have internet access, please
refer to the pictures below.

The Fisherman by Ang Fish Vendors by Sey Perez L’amore, Dedelta’ e

Kuikok Crudelta by Dandy Robosa

Title of the Contemporary Artwork:

Artist:

Region:
1. What is the artwork all about?

2. What does the artist want to convey to his/her audience?

3. What evidence is present in the artwork for you to consider it as a

contemporary Philippine art?
 4. Considering the era it was created, how do you relate it with the social
situation prevalent during that time? Does it signify any message?

This module introduces various contemporary art forms. Online learners may
visit , a government agency website which concerns with culture and the arts for
further readings

What I Have Learned

Focus Question: How does Art affect our daily lives as a student and as a person?
 Arts enable us to understand further the message an artist wanted to
convey thru his or her artworks.
 Artwork stimulates our creativity, ability to think critically and
socialize with other people.
 Arts helps us to understand more and appreciate the beauty of things
that surrounds us that before convey no meaning at all.

What I Can Do
Let us reflect.
Direction: Following the important information about arts, create a painting that
uses coffee as a medium. Use Oslo paper as canvass. See the given samples.
1. Process Questions:
A. What is your chosen subject of art? Explain the reason for selecting
the subject of your coffee painting.

B. How would you classify your art work?

C. How will you define art based from your work?

D. Would you consider it as an artwork? Why?

E. Aside from coffee, what other medium can be used in creating your
artwork?

F. Is this particular artwork present in your community? In your

perspective, why is this medium widely used or not widely used in
your community?

G. You may use the Rubric below as a guideline on how your work will
be graded.
Adapted from: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/114982596711836092/
 Assessment

I. Direction: Read and analyze each sentence. Box the letter of the best
answer.

1. It is the ability to interpret or understand man-made arts and enjoy them either
through actual and work-experience with tools and materials or possession of
these works for satisfaction.
A. Art Appreciation C. Perspective
B. Subject of art D. Rhythm
2. Lang Dulay, Darhata Sawabi, Magdalena Gamayo, and Salinta Monon are
Gamaba awardees. Which contemporary art form they are being awarded?
A. Textile weaving C. Local music
B. Epic Chanting D. Poetry
3. Spolarium, Mona Lisa and The Scream are best examples of this type of art.
A. Architecture C. Painting
B. Film D. Sculpture
4. It is an award given to artists that produce art forms that are woven into
everyday life and demonstrate how pre-colonial traditions persist through the
present.
A. National Artist Award C. Palanca Award
B. Gawad ng Manlilikhang Bayan D. Magsaysay Award for the Arts
5. Which of the following is a function of art?
A. Sees the truth that we might not understand before
B. Unleashes our hidden desires and passion
C. Satisfies the needs for personal expression
D. Reform man
6. It is a classification of arts wherein it involves the use of an artist’s body as a
medium; an art form that requires movement from one place to another.
A. Performing Arts C. Literature
B. Visual Arts D. Sculptural
7. It is a non- subject matter, non-representational form of art that is difficult to
understand on the part of the listener.
A. Abstract Art C. Realism
B. Idealism D. Surrealism
8. It is the narratives or works that are literary in nature and primarily deals with
imaginative and artistic writing.
A. Sculptural C. Visual arts
B. Literature D. Performing arts

20
9. Your art class is having a museum visit. While looking at the artworks of known
artists, you saw one of your classmates vandalizing one of the paintings. You
are the only witness of the said offense. What will you do?
A. I will just ignore it.
B. I will report him to the police.
C. I will tell his parents what my classmate has done.
D. I will tell the curator about what my classmate has done.
10. Which of the following is NOT an importance of Arts?
A. Arts challenge us to see things differently
B. Arts develop our skills to express ourselves
C. Arts satisfies the needs for personal expression
D. Arts unleash our hidden obsession and inclinations

Additional Activities
Activity: Let’s Look Back!
Direction: Study the painting below and search about its historical background.
Then, write an interpretive statement about it. Be guided by the questions given.

The Spoliarium by Juan Luna

Process Questions:
1. Do you consider Juan Luna’s Spoliarium as a Philippine contemporary art?
Why?
2. Describe the artwork based on the following
2.1 Subject of art
2.2 Classification
2.3 Function
2.4 Appreciation

3. Do you like/dislike the artwork? Why?

4. What is the value of this artwork to you, to the youth, and to the society?

Reflection
Answer the following questions.
a. How can you use arts in your daily life?
b. Do you consider yourself as a masterpiece of the Lord’s creation?
Why?
References
Books

Charman, H., Ross, M. (2006). Contemporary Art and the Role of

Interpretation: Reflections from Tate Modern’s Summer Institute for
Teachers. International Journal of Art Design Education, 1, 28 - 41.
Conti, G., Kolody, R. (1998). Guidelines for Selecting Methods and
Techniques. In. Adult Learning Methods: A Guide for Effective Instruction.
M.W. Galbraith (Ed.). Malabar, Florida: Krieger publishing Company, 73 - 89.

Danto, A.C. (1995). After the End of Art: contemporary art and the pale of
history. New Jersey, Chisester: Princeton University Press. Efland, A.,
Freedman, K., Stuhr, P. (1996). Postmodern Art Education: An Approach to
Curriculum. Virginia: The National Art Education Association.
Website
https://Wikipedia,org/spolarium/Juan-Luna
https://Wikipedia,org/Starry_Starry_Night
https://Wikipedia,org/Coffee_Project
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/114982596711836092/
https://Wikipedia,org/Rattan
https: / /W i ki pe di a, o rg / T’na l a k
https://Wikipedia,org/Buri
https://Wikipedia,org/Bamboo
https://Wikipedia,org/Abaca_Fiber(Manila_Hemp)
https://Wikipedia,org/Sarimanok
https: / /W i ki pe di a, o rg / T’na l a k
https://Wikipedia,org/Vinta
https://Wikipedia,org/Pintados_Festival
https://WIikipedia,org/Maskara_Festival
https://Wikipedia,org/Moriones_Festival
https://Wikipedia,org/Benguwet_Statue
https://Wikipedia,org/Ivatabn_Vacul
 Answer Key

10
9.D
D
.8
B
.7
A
A.6
D .5 A5
B .4 D.4
C .3 A .3
A .2 B .2
A .1 A .1
Assessment . I Wh .
Mo What'
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