Ramon Teves Pastor Memorial – Dumaguete Science High School

Prepared By: Miss Kassandra Venzuelo

1.6
Polygons

Objectives:

a) define and classify polygons;

b) determine the properties of a polygon;
c) solve for central angle, diagonals, angles, and
sides of a polygon.
Mathematical Ideas

Perimeter of Polygons

Perimeter (as a measure) is the sum of the measures of the sides of a polygon.

Perimeter of a Triangle

Perimeter of a triangle = a + b + c
where a, b and c are the lengths of each side of the triangle.

Perimeter of a Square

Since the sides of a square are equal, the perimeter of a square is 4 times the length of its side.

Perimeter of a square = s + s + s + s = 4s
where s is the length of one side
Perimeter of a Rectangle

A rectangle has four sides, with opposite sides being equal in length.

Perimeter of a rectangle = l + l + w + w = 2(l + w),

where l is the length and w is the width of the rectangle.

Perimeter of a Trapezoid

a is parallel to b
Perimeter of a trapezoid = a + b + c + d
where a, b, c and d are the lengths of each side.
Example :

Find the perimeter of the given polygon.

The perimeter of any shape is the sum of the lengths of its sides.

So perimeter of given polygon =

8 cm + 8 cm + 10 cm + 10 cm + 7 cm

P = 43 cm

Example :

If the length of side of a regular polygon of 8 sides is 6 m, then find its perimeter.

Solution:

The length of side of a regular polygon of 8 sides = 6 m,

Perimeter of regular polygon = no. of sides × length of its side

P= 8 × 6 m

P=48 m
Example :

What is the perimeter of a regular nonagon with a side length of 15?

To find the perimeter of a regular polygon, we take the length of each side, l, and multiply it by the number of
sides, s.

P=s∗l

In a nonagon the number of sides is 9, and in this example the side length is 15.

P=9∗15=135

The perimeter is 135 units.

Area

The amount of surface in a region is its area. The area of any two-dimensional figure can be determined by
imagining its surface completely filled with square regions called square units.

Triangle
Square
Area = ½ (b × h)
Area = s2
b = base
s = length of side
h = vertical height

Rectangle Parallelogram
Area = l x w Area = b × h
w = width b = base
l = length h = vertical height

Trapezoid

Area = ½(a+b) × h
h = vertical height
Triangle

The area is half of the base times height.

 "b" is the distance along the base

 "h" is the height (measured at right angles to the base)

Example 1: Find the area of an acute triangle with a base of 15 inches and a height of 4 inches.

= · (15 in x 4 in)

= · (60 in2)

= 30 in2

Example 2: Find the area of a right triangle with a base of 6 centimeters and a height of 9 centimeters.

= · (6 cm x 9 cm)

= · (54 cm2)

= 27 cm2
Example 3: Find the area of an obtuse triangle with a base of 5 inches and a height of 8 inches.

= · (5 in) · (8 in)

= · (40 in2)

= 20 in2

Area of a Square

Example 1: Find the area of a square of side length 15 m.

Solution:
Area of a square = s2 = 152 = 225 m2

Example 2: Calculate the area of square, where the square has 35cm side’s length.

Solution:
Area of square is defined by s × s.
Area = 35 × 35
Area = 1225cm²

Example 3: What is the area of a square field, if its perimeter is 32 yards?

Solution:

The perimeter of the square field = 32 yd. and since the perimeter of a square is given by P = 4s, where s is the
length of the side. We can easily determine the length by isolating s from the formula above:

s = P/4 = 32 / 4 = 8 yd.

The area of the square field = s × s

Substitute the value of s, we have:

Area = 8 × 8 = 64 yd2

The area of the square field is therefore 64 yd2.

Example 4: The side of a square park is 200 m. What will be the cost of grassing it at $0.5 per sq. m?
Solution:

What we need to do, is to find the area of the park then multiply the area by the cost per m 2.

Area of the square park = side × side

A = s²

Substitute values and simplify.

A = 200 × 200
A = 40,000 m2

Area of grassing = area of park = 40,000 sq m.

Cost of grassing = area of grassing × rate per sq meter.

Substitute values we will get:

Cost = 40,000 x 0.5 = $20,000

Therefore, Cost of grassing is $20,000.

Area of a Rectangle

What is the area of the rectangle in the diagram?

The area of a rectangle is found by multiplying the length by the width.

Area=l(w)
The length is 12 cm and the width is 7 cm.
A = 12⋅7
A = 84
Therefore, the area is 84 cm2.
Example:
What is the area of a rectangle whose length and width is 14 inches and 18 inches, respectively?
The area of any rectangle with length, l and width, w is:
A= l×w
A= 14×18
A= 252 in²

Area of a Parallelogram

Example 1: Find the area of a parallelogram with a base of 12 centimeters and a height of 5 centimeters.

Solution:

A=bxh

A = (12 cm) · (5 cm)

A = 60 cm2

Example 2: Find the area of a parallelogram with a base of 7 inches and a height of 10 inches.

Solution:

A=bxh

A = (7 in) · (10 in)

A = 70 in2
Example 3: The area of a parallelogram is 24 square centimeters and the base is 4 centimeters. Find the height.

Solution:

A=bxh

24 cm2 = (4 cm) · h

24 cm2 ÷ (4 cm) = h

h = 6 cm

Area of a Trapezoid

Example 1: Find the area of a trapezoid with bases of 10 inches and 14 inches, and a height of 5 inches.

= · (10 in + 14 in) · 5 in

= · (24 in) · (5 in)

= · 120 in2

= 60 in2
Example 2: Find the area of a trapezoid with bases of 9 centimeters and 7 centimeters, and a height of 3
centimeters.

Solution:

= · (9 cm + 7 cm) · 3 cm

= · (16 cm) · (3 cm)

= · 48 cm2

= 24 cm2

Example 3: The area of a trapezoid is 52 square inches and the bases are 11 inches and 15 inches. Find the
height.

Solution:

52 in2 = · (11 in + 15 in) · h

52 in2 = · (26 in) · h

52 in2 = (13 in) · h

52 in2 ÷ (13 in) = h

h = 4 in