Understanding The Self by Prof. Jennifer T. Composa (For Instructional Purposes Only) The Material Self

Understanding the self
By
Prof. Jennifer T. Composa
(For instructional purposes only)
Chapter 8
THE MATERIAL SELF
Learning Outcomes
 Develop understanding about the material self
 Describe the basic components of the material self
 Discuss the influence of media in people’s acquisition of material possessions
“Our possessions are a major contributor to and a reflection of our identities.”
– Belk, RW, 1988
RUSSEL BELK
-Belk is very much coming at this from a consumer science, or consumerism
viewpoint. He applies theories of philosophy, and philosophical concepts of ‘self’,
and ‘identity’, and applies them to consumption, or consumable objects.
MATERIAL SELF
-The material self refers to tangible objects, people, or places that carry the
designation my or mine.
-The material Self is constituted by: our bodies, clothes, immediate family, and home.
‘It is everything that an individual considers to be his or hes, not only his or her
body and material possessions but also his or her reputation and beliefs. The self
self, therefore, is composed of material self which is manifestation of one's identity
through his material possessions.’
-William James, 1980
Basic components of the material self
Body - an acceptance and appreciation on the physical characteristics of the body.

Some adolescents tend to worry about thier bodies and physical appearance
-Girls are more ccerned about the appearance of thier body than boys
-Perceotions about what makes body beautiful are ussually influenced by the
media as shown in televisions and internet.
Clothes - he clothes that people wear represent the self
-The style and brand of the clothes become significant symbols, particularly
among adolescent
-The clothes they tend to wear are greatly inflnced by the thier peer groups
because adolescent are anxious to conform to what thier peer groups finds
fashionable and attractive
Other material components includes one's house, car, pets and other things that people
considers as his or her possessions
The material componts of self may also includes people an individual has
relationships with such as one's immediate and extended family members as well as
close friends with whom one feel psychologically connected
“Our fragile sense of self needs support, and this we get by having and possessing
things because, to a large degree, we are what we have and possess.”
He applies many theories promulgated by William James—“A key to understanding

what possessions mean is recognizing that, knowingly or unknowingly, intentionally
or unintentionally, we regard our possessions as parts of ourselves.
By utilizing this theory, your identity is not ‘contained’ by the ‘container’ of your
body. It extends to your associative memories; and asserts that these associations with
places, objects, etc., also extend your identifiable self.
“If we define possessions as things we call ours, James was saying that we are the
sum of our possessions.”
-(Belk, R., 1988)
Loss of Possessions
“If possessions are viewed as part of self, it follows that an unintentional loss of
possessions should be regarded as a loss or lessening of self.”
-Goffman (1961)
Materialism
-Refers to giving more importance to material possessions than intagible values.
A materialistic person is one who is excessively concerned with the acquisitions of

material possessions which could lead psychological dysfunction or impairment in
functioning such as compulsive buying disorder (CBD )characterized by an
obssession with shopping and buying behaviors that can cause adverse consequences
(e,g. debts)
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Chapter 12.
The Spiritual Self
Learning Outcomes
 Demonstrate an understanding of the spiritual self
 Explain the importance of spirituality in one’s life
 Discuss how spirituality is connected to religion
 Describe how spirituality develops
Agree or disagree
 Spirituality is the same as religiosity?
 Spirituality is only about our faith in God?
 Only older individuals feel their spirituality?
Spiritual Self
-Spiritual self is an on going, personal life journey, contextualized by belief in God,
culture, relationships, nature, and discovering meaning in one’s life
-Christina Puchalski, MD, Director of the George Washington Institute for Spirituality
and Health, contends that "spirituality is the aspect of humanity that refers to the way
individuals seek and express meaning and purpose and the way they experience their
connectedness to the moment, to self, to others, to nature, and to the significant or
sacred."
-The spiritual aspects of the self is the inner essence, the part of the self that connects
the person to the sacred, the supernatural, and the universe.
-The spiritual self enables the person to experience a feeling of oneness with a higher
being nd the universe and gives a deeper purpose or meaning of one's life.
-The spiritual self developes through interactions, observation, and imitation. The
family, school and church play a very important role in a child's spiritual
development. Spiritual begins at an early age but develops throughout life as people
continously interact in the environment
“Spirituality”
“The root meaning of spirituality is taken from the Latin word spiritus, meaning
breath or life force. It can underand as the search for sacred, a process through
which people seek to discover, hold on to, and, when necessary, transform whatever
they hold sacred in thier lives”
-Hill & Pargament, 2003
“Spirituality generally efers to meaning and purpose in one's life, a search for
wholeness and relationship with a transcendent being”
-Hage, Hapson, Siegal, Payton, & DeFanti, 2006
“Spirituality is connected with religion. Religion is an organized system of ideas

about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural along with associated ceremonial
practices by which people try to interpret and/or influence aspects of the universe
otherwise beyond thier control All religions recognize he importance of spirituality
in one's life. One's spirituality may be expressed through religion and participation
in religious rituals and ceremonies”
-Haviland, Prins, Walrath, & McBride, 2013
According to Mario Beauregard and Denyse O’Leary, researchers and authors of The
Spiritual Brain, “spirituality means any experience that is thought to bring the
experiencer into contact with the divine”
Relationship between religion and spirituality
 While spirituality may incorporate elements of religion, it is generally a broader

concept. Religion and spirituality are not the same thing, nor are they entirely
distinct from one another.
What is spirituality, and what does it mean to live a spiritual life?
-The relationship between spirituality and religion is entangled with complexity.
-When some people talk about their spiritual life they just
mean their religious values and commitments, while for others, the fixed practices
of traditional religion are a hindrance to their spiritual growth.
-For some, spirituality is all about cultivating the divine spark within; but not all
spiritual seekers have religious beliefs, and others are quite skeptical of religion and
every form of divinity.
The three Aspects of Spirituality
-1st.Spirituality talks about the meaning and purpose that go beyond the physical
realities of life.
2nd. Spirituality is focused on a person's connections to different aspects of his or her

existence: to other people, to nature, and to sacredness and divinity.
-3rd. Spirituality talks about the sacred and transcendent. It is a general belief that is
this vast universe, there is a force higher than the self. in believing that death is
inevitable. the different beliefs of what comes afterwards shape how people choose to
act and live thier lives The search fpr sacredness is also triggered by the drive to attain
peace and life fulfilment. Acceptance and/or contenment is fostered and established
despite problems that occur.
-Many people now enjoy a comfortable lifestyle with abundant material possessions,
but they find that their lives are impoverished; their lives do not possess the
significance they wish they had, and so they search for a spiritual meaning.
-“Spirituality” is a kind of refuge from everyday existence and that the spiritual world
is just the opposite of the material world we belong to.
-We may not be able to live without material goods, but spiritual goods are those that
make life meaningful.
-In this respect, spirituality is not a luxury or a secondary concern. In fact, it is among
the most important things to consider when we think about what makes life worth
living
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Chapter 13.
The Political self
Learning Outcomes
 Describe the nature, functions, and origins of political self
 Discuss the role of family, school, church, peer groups, and media in the
development of the political self
 Analyze d synthesize how active citizenship relates to concept of the self
 Develop a Filipino identity, values and traits; and Reflect on your selfhood in
relation to your national identity.
What is Politics ?
Man is a political animal ( man “Zoon politikon) - Aristotle
- He describes the role that politics and the political community must play in bringing
about the virtuous life in the citizenry.
-It ismportant part of human development because it promotes ideologies about

democracy, citenship, human rights, freedom, family, health and other social issues.
“Politics is a social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by

people and groups.”
-(Kendall, 1988)
-The Political Self is that the conceptually discrete categories of ‘inner’ and‘outer’ in
reality constantly interact, shape, and inform each other
-Kendell, (1998) defines Politics as a social institution through which power is

acquired and exercised by people and group.
Steven, Anglin and Jussim (2015) cite that in some people, politics is a central
component of thier identity.
POLITICS IMPLIES THE FOLLOWING:
1. Politics is concerned with power

-Power inequalities can be observed within the societies. There are individuals whose
positionsmrank highmin the social hierarchy, and thus wields much positions ranks
high in social hierarchy
-The one who hold power holds influence
2. Politics functions based on a particular social economic and cultural context

- The nature of politics and political systems is dependent on the culture of the state.
The characteristics of people, their cultural traditions and value orientations,
econmics, educations, religion and other similar institutions shape the political
landscape of any country.
3. Political is also personal

- One's personal choices reflects his or her personal choices and beliefs that are
consistent with his or her personal politics
4. Politics goes hand and hand with the society
- The society is consist of people living together in organization communities with

shared laws, traditions and values
- Politics pervades the structure of society, and thus influences inhabitants in thier
beliefs ethic and behavior
Note:
The political self is anchored on the inclination to participate in political activities that
should serv the interests of all sectors of the society. One's sense o accountability
should be manifested in promoting certain advocacies through healthy political
engagement. This is aligned with the concept of active citizenship.
Active citizenship
-It is define as the process of sharing decisions which affects one's life and the life of
a community in which one lives.
-Active citizenship is anchored in one's cognitive and behavioral engagement to

participate in formal and informal political activities (rallies, public assemby,
demonstrations)
-Active citizenship is a practice of democracy (freedom of citizen to make

informed choices that allow to be heared)
-Active citizenship is social construct (fosters social relatedness and

belongingness
-Active citizenship is to instill change and influence society at large
What Factors Shape Political Attitudes

 Family
 Gender
 Religion
 Media
 Race and ethnicity
 And region
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Chapter 14.
The Digital self
Learning Outcomes
 Define the digital self
 Explain the role of digitalization in the development of the digital self
 Identify and describe effects digitalization
 Explain the provisions of the Data Privacy Act of 2012
Film Viewing:
“DISCONNECT”
critic paper/reflection paper
QUICKIE SURVEY:
YOURSELF?
YOUR PUBLIC SELF?

YOUR PRIVATE SELF?
WHEN YOU ARE ONLINE IN FACEBOOK?
YOUR ONLINE IDENTITY AS A WHOLE?
How Does Who You Are Online Affect How You Feel Offline?
“Texting and e-mail and posting let us present the self we want to be. This means
we can edit…[But] human relationships are rich; they’re messy and demanding.
We have learned the habit of cleaning them up with technology. And the move from
conversation to connection is part of this. But it’s a process in which we
shortchange ourselves.”
-Sherry Turkle
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL SELF
-Russell Belk in 1988 believed our possessions are a major contributor to and
reflection of our identities. Back in the day, it was external objects, such as
clothes, jewelery and cars etc. that he believed we used and considered as part of
ourselves.
-Nowadays however, it isn’t merely tangible belongings that researchers consider as

part of our extended self. Our digital possessions such as photos, videos, statuses,
texts, and emails are now seen to be significantly important to shaping our digital self.
Why do we have a Digital Self?
-The digital web allows us to try out different personas that differ from our real
life identities.
-We want to meet the expectation of others: research shows over 50% of women
would edit their social media photos to look better.
-We want to boost our self-esteem: people upload photos and statuses online that they
feel will receive ‘likes’ and positive feedback in which ultimately helps their egos.
-To feel a sense of belonging: Some of us want to fit in with the crowd and upload
things that are ‘down with the trend’ - for instance, who notices the amount of people
posting pictures of their food increasing?
-Bigger sense of freedom: Unlike real life, digital platforms allow us to express
ourselves in any way we want to without anyone there to physically judge us.
-Striving to be our ideal selves: digital apps allow us to improve our appearances on
photos (through teeth whitening, skin smoothing and body shape editing) helps
consumers to express as their ‘ideal’ self online and inevitably feel better about
themselves.
-Th e digital world has provided us with greater opportunities to express our identity
in any form we want to. But what we all need to remember is: how will we feel if we
go so far to express ourselves differently online that we forget what reality is.
IMPACT OF ONLINE
-Iqbal, Khan, and malik in (2017) suggest that mobile phones are ever more becoming
a very valuable part of the daily life of today's youth. They allow the users to keep in
touch, connect with people, and be updated on activities and whereabouts of others.
-However the use of digital technology and online interactions limit face to face
interaction with others and has drawn people away from meaningful and intimate
communication with families and friends.
-Hechanova and Ortega-Go find that the use of internet has both positive and negative
outcomes.
- It can improve one's relationship through easier ways of communicating.

-Social networking can be an important facility for debates on current issues in the
country such as political issues.
- It can also be a facility to express the opinions, needs and concerns of people.
-However, it is also through social networking that identity theft, false information,
and fake news are able to circulate
The Ever Changing World….
The Extended Self in a Digital World
 Many technological changes have dramatically affected the way we consume,

present ourselves, and communicate.
 Provide a conceptual update that seeks to revitalize the concept of self,

incorporate the impacts of digitization, and provide an understanding of consumer
sense of self in today’s technological environment.
FIVE AREAS OF CHANGE IN THE DIGITAL WORLD

Five Main Concepts:
1. Dematerialization
2. Reembodiment
3. Sharing
4. Co-construction of Self
5. Distributed Memory
Dematerialization
 Dematerialization; occurs when our possessions, Information, communication,
photos, videos and music are largely Invisible and immaterial until we choose
them forth.
 E.g. Mp3 music, Pdf, Jpeg, Audiobooks.
Reembodiment
 Not only our possession lost the constraint of there former bodies.
Reembodiment occurs when we represent ourselves online with textual message,
avatars, and online identities.
 Self – Extension are created through Reembodiment when people get Attached
with their Avatars
 Proteus Effect ( Online behaviours impact offline behaviours )
 Multiplicity (Exploration of identities)
Sharing
 For those active on Facebook, it is likely that their social media friends know
more than their immediate families about their daily activities, connections, and
thoughts.
 Facebook is now a key part of self presentation for one-sixth of humanity.
 The resulting disinhibition leads many to conclude that they are able to express
their “true self” better online than they ever could in face-to-face
contexts.
Co-construction of Self
 Social networking sites are now seen as important sites of psychological
development, especially between adolescence and adulthood (Steinfield,
Ellison, and Lampe 2008).
 According to 2010 data, 86% of US teens post comments on friends’ social
media pages and 83% comment on friends’ pictures.
 Affirmation of Self ( likes, Comments, reactions)
 Building aggregate extended self. ( Imagine Community)
 Attachment to virtual possessions in Videogames
 Affirmation Seeking.
 Friends also help to co-construct and reaffirm each others’ sense of self though
their postings, tagging, and comments.
 Teens also add sometimes self-disparaging comments on photos of themselves
that they post in an apparent effort to seek validation or reassurance.
 Blogging can also be seen as a form of affirmation seeking. Rather than a one-
way offering of opinions, experiences, and insights, most blogs today have
invitations forfeedback and interaction.
 Building Aggregate Extended Self
 Part of the online building of an aggregate shared self is coming to a shared
understanding of what is a good look, a terrible movie, or “our kind” of music.
This is an exercise in forming a coherent sense of aggregate self with friends.
Distributed Memory
 Narratives of Self ( Conglomerations of self base on events, stories, adventures)
 Narratives of the Self
 As Giddens (1991, 54) notes, our “identity is not to be found in behavior, nor—
important though this is—in the reactions of others, but in the capacity to keep a
particular narrative going.”
 This he says is done by continually integrating events in the outside world into
our ongoing story about the self.
 Immortal Virtual Self
 we can now have virtual representations of ourselves available online to act as a
memorial and a “gravesite” where others can come to mourn and pay tribute to
us after death (e.g., Lim 2013; Odom et al. 2010; Wahlberg 2010).
“Digital Self are also created because, individuals tries to control how he/she is
perceived by others. Individuals selectively provide information about them and
carefully cater this information in response to other’s feedback.”
-Goffman (1956)
16 Digital Technology Benefits

 Social Connectivity
 Communication Speeds
 Versatile Working
 Learning Opportunities
 Automation
 Information Storage
 Editing
 Accurate Duplication
 GPS and Mapping
 Transportation
 Low Cost
 Entertainment
 News
 Warfare
 Banking and Finance
 Smaller Sized Devices
SETTING BOUNDARIES TO YOUR ONLINE SELF

 Stick to safer sites.
 Guard your passwords.
 Be choosy about your online friends.
 Remember that anything you put online or post on a site is there forever, even if
you try to delete it.
 Don't be mean or embarrass other people online.
 Limit what you share.
Data Privacy Act

Republic Act 10173 – Data Privacy Act of 2012
SEC. 12. Criteria for Lawful Processing of Personal Information. – The processing of
personal information shall be permitted only if not otherwise prohibited by law, and
when at least one of the following conditions exists:
(a) The data subject has given his or her consent; xxx
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Chapter 14.
Learning to be a Better Student
Learning Outcomes
 Explain learning and how it works
 Identify the different dimensions of learning style
 Apply strategies to improve learning
What is learning?
 Learning is the acquisition of knowledge,
 skills and attitudes through experience.
 It is a transformational process that leads
 to personal growth and development.
 It helps an individual to adapt to constantly changing environment. It starts at

birth and continues throughout life. It is a constant process that can result from
direct and indirect experiences. Individuals learn from one another through
observation and imitation. Learning is important to survival of human beings
because it enables them to discover new knowledge, technology and intervention.
Dimension of Learning Style

 Learning Skills
 Learning Preferences
 Personality Factors
GARDNER'S 8 INTELLIGENCE
Visual-Aesthetic learners think in terms of physical space and like to "read" or

visualize their words.
Bodily-Kinesthetic learners are keenly aware of their physical bodies and like
creative movement and making things with their hands.
Musical learners are sensitive to all kinds of sound and often access learning through
or from music, however, one may define it.
Intrapersonal learners are introspective and reflective. They learn through
independent study and self-guided experiences.
Interpersonal learners learn through social interaction with others and enjoy group
dynamics, collaboration, and encounters.
Linguistic learners love language and words and enjoy learning through verbal
expression.
Logical-Mathematical learners think conceptually, logically, and mathematically

about the world and enjoy exploring patterns and relationships.
Naturalistic learners have a sensitivity to the natural world and can easily relate to
plant and animal life, enjoying.
Sensory Preferences
 Auditory Learning : absorb a lectures without much effort. They may not even
need to take careful notes but learn just by listening.
 Visual Learning : learns from lectures with visual components such as pictures,
diagrams, cartoons, or demonstrations.
 Tactile or Kinesthetic Learning : Prefers touch as thier primary mode for taking in
information. (art, recreation, and technical classes related to careers involving
manual procedures are among the most prominent example
EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING PREFERENCES
How people like to learn and think about ideas

 Learning by Doing - by doing through problems or games and simulation. They
like to apply principles through fieldwork, lab activities, projects. or discussions
 Learning by Reflecting -Comparing incoming information to personal experience.

reflecting learners prefers classes that are rich in emotional content. They often
demonstrate strengths in intrapersonal and spiritual existential intelligences.
 Learn by Critical Thinking - Like more on grapple with ideas that push beyond
memorizing facts. They enjoy manipulating symbols, figuring out unknown and
making predictions. They like to analyze relationships, create and defend
arguments, and make judgements. Crtical thinkers often are good with abstract
ideas, even in the absence of concrete examples or applications.
-They performsespecially well in courses that appeal to verballinguistics,
logical-mathematical and naturalistic intelligences
-They are comfortable in lecture-based classes that primarily rely on auditory

sensory channels, although they also can exercise critical-thinking strategies
in other learning situations to make course ideas more engaging. Debates and
other opportunities to exchange ideas appeal especially to critical thinking
 Learn by Creative Thinking : creative thinkers in learning situations that offer

oppurtunities for unique personal expression.
-They prefer to write stories, brainstorm, solve problems in original ways,
design research, and so forth.
-They think holistically, meaning that they try to consider a broad range of
information in their problem solving
-They may even enjoy violating the rules if it helps them come up with a
unique solution or viewpoint
-They are a hallmark of artists who demonstrate musical ad spatial

intelligence, respectively relying on auditory and visual sensory processing.
PERSONALITY FACTOR
Openness
-This trait features characteristics such as imagination and insight.1 People who are
high in this trait also tend to have a broad range of interests. They are curious about
the world and other people and eager to learn new things and enjoy new experiences.
-People who are high in this trait tend to be more adventurous and creative. People
low in this trait are often much more traditional and may struggle with abstract
thinking.
High
 Very creative
 Open to trying new things
 Focused on tackling new challenges
 Happy to think about abstract concepts
Low
 Dislikes change
 Does not enjoy new things
 Resists new ideas
 Not very imaginative
 Dislikes abstract or theoretical concepts
Conscientiousness
-Standard features of this dimension include high levels of thoughtfulness, good
impulse control, and goal-directed behaviors. Highly conscientious people tend to be
organized and mindful of details. They plan ahead, think about how their behavior
affects others, and are mindful of deadlines
High
 Spends time preparing
 Finishes important tasks right away
 Pays attention to detail
 Enjoys having a set schedule
Low
 Dislikes structure and schedules
 Makes messes and doesn't take care of
 things
 Fails to return things or put them back
 where they belong
 Procrastinates important tasks
 Fails to complete necessary or tasks
Extroversion
-Extroversion (or extroversion) is characterized by excitability, sociability,
talkativeness, assertiveness, and high amounts of emotional expressiveness. People
who are high in extroversion are outgoing and tend to gain energy in social situations.
Being around other people helps them feel energized and excited.
-People who are low in extroversion (or introverted) tend to be more reserved and
have less energy to expend in social settings. Social events can feel draining and
introverts often require a period of solitude and quiet in order to "recharge."
High
 Enjoys being the center of attention
 Likes to start conversations
 Enjoys meeting new people
 Has a wide social circle of friends and acquaintances
 Finds it easy to make new friends
 Feels energized when around other people
 Say things before thinking about them
Low
 Prefers solitude
 Feels exhausted when having to socialize a lot
 Finds it difficult to start conversations
 Dislikes making small talk
 Carefully thinks things through before speaking
 Dislikes being the center of attention
Agreeableness
-This personality dimension includes attributes such as trust, altruism, kindness,
affection, and other pro-social behaviors.
-People who are high in agreeableness tend to be more cooperative while those low in
this trait tend to be more competitive and sometimes even manipulative.
High
 Has a great deal of interest in other people

 Cares about others
 Feels empathy and concern for other people
 Enjoys helping and contributing to the happiness of other people
 Assists others who are in need of help
Low
 Takes little interest in others
 Doesn't care about how other people feel
 Has little interest in other people's problems
 Insults and belittles others
 Manipulates others to get what they want
Neuroticism
-Neuroticism is a trait characterized by sadness, moodiness, and emotional instability.
-Individuals who are high in this trait tend to experience mood swings, anxiety,
irritability, and sadness. Those low in this trait tend to be more stable and emotionally
resilient
High
 Experiences a lot of stress
 Worries about many different things
 Gets upset easily
 Experiences dramatic shifts in mood
 Feels anxious
 Struggles to bounce back after stressful events
Low
 Emotionally stable
 Deals well with stress
 Rarely feels sad or depressed
 Doesn't worry much
 Is very relaxed
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Chapter 15.
Setting Goals for success
Learning Outcomes
 Identify the types of motivation
 Determine one’s goal and its importance
 Recognize the importance of goal-setting
 Apply the ways on how to achieve goals
The Challeges in College
 Greater academic demands
 Unstructured time
 Decreased adult availability
 Being on your own in a new environment
 Changing relations with family, friends, classmates...
“If you plan on being anything less than you are capable of being, you will
probably be unhappy all the days of your life.”
-Abraham Maslow
What is goals?
-A goal is the object toward which the behavior is directed, usually within a specified
period of time.
-Goals Direct attention, effort and actions. Goals motivate people to develop
strategies that will enable them to perform better. Accomplishing the goal can lead to
satisfaction and higher motivation, or frustration and lower motivation if the goal is
not accomplished.
-Locke and gary Latham (2006)

SKILLS AND STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESS IN COLLEGE
 Clarify your values
 Develop your competence
 Manage your life
 Build a bright future
 Expand your resources
 Know yourself
Clarify Your Values
-Values are our beliefs and attitudes about the way we think things should be. They
involve what is important to us. we attach values to all sorts of things: politics,
religion, money, sex, education, helping others, family, friens, self-discipline, career,
cheating, taking risks, self -respect, and so on
-“Values are not trendy items that can be traded in”

-Ellen Goodman
Develop Your Competence
-Set Goals and work to reach them

 Make a Personal Plan
 Set Completion Dates for your Goals
 Create Subgoals
 Commit and get started
 Monitor your Progress
 Develop a Growth Mindset (Fixed mindset & growth mindset)
Manage your life
-Take Responsibility for your Successes and Failures
-Internal locus of control - Being internally controlled means seeing yourself as

responsible for your achievement, believing that your own effort is what gets you to
your goals
-Persist until you succeed
-Get Involved and Tackle Boredom
-Manage your time
-Persist until you succeed
-Being motivated involved persistence. To make big and small sacrifices to gain long-
term reward.
-Get Involved and Tackle Boredom
-Participating occurs in many ways- through socializing and studying with

friends, engaing in extracurricular activities, living on campus, having a part
time campus job, and interacting with faculty.
-Students who are not involved in college activities frequently feel socially
isolated and unhappy with thier college experience
-Manage your Time
-Your life as a college student will benefit enough if you become a great time
manager.
-If you waste too much time, you yourself poorly prepared the night before an
important exam, for instance you manage time well, you can relax before the
exam and other deadlines management will help you be more productive and
less stressed, with a balance work and play.
Expand Your Resources
-An important aspect of learning is figuring out what resources are available to you
and how best to use them.
-Family members, friends, academic advisers, physicians, mental health

counselors others
Know yourself
-Knowing yourself is an important aspect of college success
-Involves exploring your identity and asking yourself questions such as, Who
am I? ,What am I all about?, What do I want to do with my life?
-(Kroger 2007)
Develop Self Esteem

-Have confidence in yourself
-Monitor what you do and say to yourself
-Take responsibility for yourself and believe in your abilities
-Work hard to improve your skills
-Experience emotional support and social approval
-Achieve
MAKE MORE OUT OF YOU
 Increase your value

 Defeat negative attitude
 Live optimistic
 Have dreams and wishes
 Set new, valuable goals
 Increase your competence
 Be a strong personality
JUST DO IT!
Learning to Set Goals

-Learning to set goals can transform your life forever. There is power in reaching out
into the future, designing something to the best of your ability, refining it as you go,
tearing it up periodically if you want to, setting a whole new list. It’s your life. It’s
your future.
3 Components of Powerful Goals
-The major reason for setting a goal is for what it makes you do to accomplish it. This
will always be a far greater value than what you get. That is why goals are so
powerful. They are part of the fabric that makes up our lives.
-Goal setting is powerful because it provides focus, shapes our dreams, and gives us
the ability to home in on the exact actions we need to take in order to get everything
in life we desire. Goals cause us to stretch and grow in ways we never have before. In
order to reach our goals, we must become better—we must change and grow.
Powerful goals have three components:

 They must be inspiring.
 They must be believable.
 They must be goals you can act on.
Life is designed in such a way that we look long term and live short term. We dream
for the future and live in the present. Unfortunately, the present can produce many
hard obstacles. Fortunately, the more powerful our goals (because they are inspiring
and believable), the more we will be able to act on them in the short term and
guarantee that they will actually come to pass.
By
Chapter 16
Taking Charge of
One's Health
Learning Outcomes
 Explain the concept of stress
 Explain how stress affects health
 Understand the concept and importance of self care and compassion,
 Engage in self care and wellness activities , and
 Create a personal strategy to cope-up with stress
 Develop individual self-care plans
Mindfulness Exercise…
 What is stress?
 Honoring Your Current Circumstances
THE NEED FOR SELF-CARE AND COMPASSION
Taking care of the self:

Exploring concept…
What is Self-Care?
-The care of oneself; it is a very active and powerful choice to engage in the
activities that are required to gain or maintain an optimal level of overall health.
-Overall health includes not just the physical, but the psychological, emotional,
social, and spiritual components of an individual’s well-being.
What is Wellness?
-"...a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity."
-(The World Health Organization, 2014)
-"a conscious, self-directed and evolving process of achieving full potential."

-(The National Wellness Institute US, 2012)
What is self compassion?

-It is the extension of kindness, care, warmth, and understanding (instead of
criticism) toward oneself when faced with shortcomings, inadequacies, or failures.
(Gostrengths, 2012)
-It’s linked to greater well-being, including diminished anxiety and depression, better

emotional coping skills and compassion for others. (Psychcentral, 2014)
A Holistic Approach to Wellness

-The National Wellness Institute (US) proposes a holistic wellness model:
-Six Dimensions of Wellness
-Emotional Wellness
Tuning into your emotion
Expressing emotion in a healthy way
Self-reflection and self-awareness
-Physical Wellness
Sleep, exercise, and nutrition
Calming the body
Healing through movement and music
-Spiritual Wellness
Religious practices
Connecting with nature
Meditating
-Intellectual/Cognitive Wellness
Curiosity in ones work
Collaborating with those from other professions
Getting involved
-Social Wellness
Friends and family
Peer relationships with colleagues
Attending social gatherings
-Occupational Wellness
Job interest and value
Using your own talents and skills
Job satisfaction
Self-Care Prerequisite
Strategies to Cope with Stress...
Dealing with stress
1. Avoid Caffeine, Alcohol, and Nicotine

-Avoid, or at least reduce, your consumption of nicotine and any drinks containing
caffeine and alcohol. Caffeine and nicotine are stimulants and so will increase your
level of stress rather than reduce it.
-Alcohol is a depressant when taken in large quantities, but acts as a stimulant in

smaller quantities. Therefore using alcohol as a way to alleviate stress is not
ultimately helpful.
2. Indulge in Physical activity

-Stressful situations increase the level of stress hormones such as adrenaline and
cortisol in your body.
3. Get More sleep

-A lack of sleep is a significant cause of stress. Unfortunately though, stress also
interrupts our sleep as thoughts keep whirling through our heads, stopping us from
relaxing enough to fall asleep.
4. Try relaxation technique

-Each day, try to relax with a stress reduction technique. There are many tried and
tested ways to reduce stress so try a few and see what works best for you.
5. Talk to Someone
-Just talking to someone about how you feel can be helpful.
-Talking can work by either distracting you from your stressful thoughts or releasing
some of the built-up tension by discussing it
6. Keep a stress diary

-Keeping a stress diary for a few weeks is an effective stress management tool
as it will help you become more aware of the situations which cause you to
become stressed.
7. Take Control
-Stress can be triggered by a problem that may on the surface seem impossible to
solve. Learning how to find solutions to your problems will help you feel more in
control thereby lowering your level of stress.
8. Manage Your Time

-At times, we all feel overburdened by our 'To Do' list and this is a common cause of
stress. Accept that you can not do everything at once and start to prioritize and diarise
your tasks.
9. Learn to Say ‘No’

-A common cause of stress is having too much to do and too little time in which to do
it. And yet in this situation, many people will still agree to take on additional
responsibility. Learning to say “No” to additional or unimportant requests will help to
reduce your level of stress, and may also help you develop more self-confidence.
10. Rest If You Are Ill

If you are feeling unwell, do not feel that you have to carry on regardless. A short
spell of rest will enable the body to recover faster.
7 BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS
IN THE TIME OF COVID -19

Dr. Honey Carandang
7 Basic PychNeeds
1. The need of Personal Significance (how one matters)
2. The need for Unconditional acceptance, affirmation (love)
3. The need for Clear and consistent limits / dicipline

(regulation of self and the right to dicipline with dignity)
4. Need for sense competence (good at something.. something that we are proud of)
5. the needs for affiliation (to belong not exclusion )
5. the needs for a scope self - expression
7. the needs for transendence and beauty
-LEARN
-RECOGNIZE
-REPLACE
Pay attention to the way you think
-Replaying events over and over again, worrying about things that you cannot control,
you need to acknowledge that your thought is unproductive
Need to have thinking time
-Reflection (20 mins)

-Be mindful (here and now)
-Be productive
Change your channel
-Focus on your interested activity

-When overthinking, remind yourself that you will think it later
-Deep breathing
-Balanced diet
-Hydrate
-Sleep
-Avoid alcohol
-Exercise
Develop emphaty, compassion and kindness
WAYS TO IMPROVE MENTAL HEALTH
 Tell yourself something positive
 Write down what you are grateful for
 Value yourself
 Quiet your mind
 Set realistic goals
 Surround yourself with good people

 Take good care of your body (exercise, eat nutritious food, avoid cigarette,
alcohol, junk foods, drink plenty of water)
 Learn how to deal with stress
 Do something for someone else
 Get help when you need it
 Get enough sleep

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Understanding the self

THE MATERIAL SELF

“Our possessions are a major contributor to and a reflection of our identities.”

– Belk, RW, 1988

Basic components of the material self

Body - an acceptance and appreciation on the physical characteristics of the body.

Clothes - he clothes that people wear represent the self

He applies many theories promulgated by William James—“A key to understanding

A materialistic person is one who is excessively concerned with the acquisitions of

The Spiritual Self

-Hage, Hapson, Siegal, Payton, & DeFanti, 2006

“Spirituality is connected with religion. Religion is an organized system of ideas

Relationship between religion and spirituality

 While spirituality may incorporate elements of religion, it is generally a broader

What is spirituality, and what does it mean to live a spiritual life?

-The relationship between spirituality and religion is entangled with complexity.

2nd. Spirituality is focused on a person's connections to different aspects of his or her

The Political self

Man is a political animal ( man “Zoon politikon) - Aristotle

-It ismportant part of human development because it promotes ideologies about

“Politics is a social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by

-Kendell, (1998) defines Politics as a social institution through which power is

1. Politics is concerned with power

2. Politics functions based on a particular social economic and cultural context

3. Political is also personal

4. Politics goes hand and hand with the society

- The society is consist of people living together in organization communities with

-Active citizenship is anchored in one's cognitive and behavioral engagement to

-Active citizenship is a practice of democracy (freedom of citizen to make

-Active citizenship is social construct (fosters social relatedness and

-Active citizenship is to instill change and influence society at large

What Factors Shape Political Attitudes

The Digital self

critic paper/reflection paper

YOUR PUBLIC SELF?

WHEN YOU ARE ONLINE IN FACEBOOK?

YOUR ONLINE IDENTITY AS A WHOLE?

-Nowadays however, it isn’t merely tangible belongings that researchers consider as

Why do we have a Digital Self?

- It can improve one's relationship through easier ways of communicating.

The Ever Changing World….

The Extended Self in a Digital World

 Many technological changes have dramatically affected the way we consume,

 Provide a conceptual update that seeks to revitalize the concept of self,

FIVE AREAS OF CHANGE IN THE DIGITAL WORLD

16 Digital Technology Benefits

SETTING BOUNDARIES TO YOUR ONLINE SELF

Data Privacy Act

Learning to be a Better Student

 Learning is the acquisition of knowledge,

 skills and attitudes through experience.

 It is a transformational process that leads

 to personal growth and development.

 It helps an individual to adapt to constantly changing environment. It starts at

Dimension of Learning Style

Visual-Aesthetic learners think in terms of physical space and like to "read" or

Logical-Mathematical learners think conceptually, logically, and mathematically

How people like to learn and think about ideas