Wednesday, 14 April 2021-- Little N1GhtM4r3

How Internet Computers

Works?
Example:
Computers
The Computers
Internet

Basic Example of Internet is:

1. A large number of Computers

Connected Computers

2. Powerful CPU maintaining Processes

Although, Internet is like a computer or a device is accessing each other’s Files via network.

IN this document there is a Basic knowledge to understand How Internet works and what IP is !!

*remember IF want to connect to the Internet then you need a unique IP (Internet Protocol) address.
Like if someone wants to send you a letter, then he have to know your Home Address. As like as if you
want to browse through the Internet, You need an IP address, It’s your virtual address.*

Each device has their unique IP address. IP address is an Internet Protocol which remembers which
device, where it want to be go.

IP was divided in two Parts. 1. Private IP 2. Public IP.

To see your public IP just type “ ipconfig “ in your CMD.

Wednesday, 14 April 2021-- Little N1GhtM4r3

See, in this picture this machine IPV4 address is 192.168.0.108. you might get the similer number but
not the same number. You can’t have an permanent Public IP (if you don’t have Big server to manage).
IP was divided in Static and Dynamic IPs.

 Static IP (static IP address, the address does not change)

 Dynamic IP (Most devices use dynamic IP addresses, which are assigned by the network when
they connect and change over time.)

You might get confused between Static/Dynamic & Public/Private IPs. Do a Internet Lookup. It will helps
you to understand what these are and what kind of Information they delivers.

An IP address is always a set of four numbers like that. Each number can range from 0 to 255. So, the full
IP addressing range goes from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.

device’s IP address actually consists of two separate parts:

 Network ID: The network ID is a part of the IP address starting from the left that
identifies the specific network on which the device is located. On a typical home
network, where a device has the IP address 192.168.1.34, the 192.168.1 part of the
address will be the network ID. It’s custom to fill in the missing final part with a zero, so
we might say that the network ID of the device is 192.168.1.0.
 Host ID: The host ID is the part of the IP address not taken up by the network ID. It
identifies a specific device (in the TCP/IP world, we call devices “hosts”) on that
network. Continuing our example of the IP address 192.168.1.34, the host ID would be
34—the host’s unique ID on the 192.168.1.0 network.

On your home network,

then, you might see
several devices with IP
address like 192.168.1.1,
192.168.1.2, 192.168.1 30,
and 192.168.1.34. All of
these are unique devices
(with host IDs 1, 2, 30, and
34 in this case) on the
same network (with the
network ID 192.168.1.0).
Wednesday, 14 April 2021-- Little N1GhtM4r3

To picture all this a little better, let’s turn to an analogy. It’s pretty similar to how street
addresses work within a city. Take an address like 2013 Paradise Street. The street name is like
the network ID, and the house number is like the host ID. Within a city, no two streets will be
named the same, just like no two network IDs on the same network will be named the same.
On a particular street, every house number is unique, just like all host iDs within a particular
network ID are unique.

Tips:

 Suppose In your home there is many Device used Internet like your Computer, Mobile, Laptop.
They are all have Local IPs . starting with 127.0.0.1 – 127.0.0.255 for each device.
 Like your computer assaingn with 127.0.0.1 and its want to communicate with other device
which also connected in your home network. So its need an address, example 127.0.0.2, when
you put your destination IP address then your computer will ping 127.0.0.2 it and then it will be
connect to that device as well.
 How Does a Device Get Its IP Address?

 Now that you know the basics of how IP addresses work, let’s talk about how devices get
their
IP

addresses in the first place. There are really two types of IP assignments: dynamic and
static.

A dynamic IP address is assigned automatically when a device connects to a network. The vast
majority of networks today (including your home network) use something called Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to make this happen. DHCP is built into your router. When a
device connects to the network, it sends out a broadcast message requesting an IP address.
DHCP intercepts this message, and then assigns an IP address to that device from a pool of
available IP addresses.
Wednesday, 14 April 2021-- Little N1GhtM4r3

There are certain private IP address ranges  routers will use for this purpose. Which is used
depends on who made your router, or how you have set things up yourself. Those private IP
ranges include:

 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255: If you’re a Comcast/Xfinity customer, the router provided by your ISP
assigns addresses in this range. Some other ISPs also use these addresses on their routers, as
does Apple on their AirPort routers.
 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255: Most commercial routers are set up to assign IP addresses in
this range. For example, most Linksys routers use the 192.168.1.0 network, while D-Link and
Netgear both use the 198.168.0.0 range
 172.16.0.0 – 172.16.255.255: This range is rarely used by any commercial vendors by default.
 169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.255: This is a special range used by a protocol named Automatic
Private IP Addressing. If your computer (or other device) is set up to retrieve its IP address
automatically, but cannot find a DHCP server, it assigns itself an address in this range. If you see
one of these addresses, it tells you that your device could not reach the DHCP server when it
came time to get an IP address, and you may have a networking issue or trouble with your
router.

The thing about dynamic addresses is that they can sometimes change. DHCP servers lease IP
addresses to devices, and when those leases are up, the devices must renew the lease.
Sometimes, devices will get a different IP address from the pool of addresses the server can
assign.

Most of the time, this is not a big deal, and everything will “just work”. Occasionally, however,
you might want to give a device an IP address that does not change. For example, maybe you
have a device that you need to access manually, and you find it easier to remember an IP
address than a name. Or maybe you have certain apps that can only connect to network
devices using their IP address.

In those cases, you can assign a static IP address to those devices. There are a couple of ways to
do this. You can manually configure the device with a static IP address yourself, although this
can sometimes be janky. The other, more elegant solution is to configure your router to assign
static IP addresses to certain devices during what would normally be dynamic assignment by
the DHCP server. That way, the IP address never changes, but you don’t interrupt the DHCP
process that keeps everything working smoothly.

That’s How Internet Works.

Challenges :
Wednesday, 14 April 2021-- Little N1GhtM4r3

 Find your devices IP Address.

 Find Other Devices IP Address which connected in your Local Network.
 What is IP? Deference between Static & Dynamic.
 What is your Public IP?

IF you stuck anywhere then _

1. Understand Again.
2. Do a Internet research.
3. Ask in forum with experts.
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