To: Dr. Jocecar Hinampas By: Maraih Kathleen C.

Cosicol

1. Proof by Contrapositive

➢ If 𝒙 is an odd integer, then 𝒙 + 𝟓 is even.

𝑝: 𝑥 is an odd integer
𝑞: 𝑥 + 5 is even
¬q → ¬p: If 𝑥 + 5 is odd, then 𝑥 is an even integer.

Proof:
Suppose 𝑥 + 5 is odd.
Then 𝑥 + 5 = 2𝑎 + 1 for some 𝑎 ∈ ℤ
(𝑥 + 5) − 5 = (2a + 1) − 5 , By addition property in ℝ, we can add -5 on both sides
Now, we have 𝑥 = 2𝑎 − 4
𝑥 = 2(𝑎 − 2)
𝑥 = 2𝑏 where 𝑏 = 𝑎 − 2, an integer since 𝑎 ∈ ℤ
Thus, 𝑥 is an even integer. ∎

2. Proof by Contradiction

➢ If 𝑥 and 𝑦 are both even integers, then 𝑥 + 𝑦 is even

Proof:
Suppose 𝑥 and 𝑦 are both even integers and 𝑥 + 𝑦 is odd.
Then 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑎 + 1 for some 𝑎 ∈ ℤ
𝑥 = 2𝑏 for some 𝑏 ∈ ℤ
𝑦 = 2𝑐 for some 𝑐 ∈ ℤ

Since 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑎 + 1, we have
𝑥 = 2𝑎 + 1 − 𝑦 By addition property in ℝ, we can add –y on both sides
` 𝑥 = 2𝑎 + 1 − (2𝑐)
𝑥 = 2𝑎 − 2𝑐 + 1
𝑥 = 2(𝑎 − 𝑐) + 1, where 𝑎 − 𝑐 ∈ ℤ

This means that 𝑥 is odd, a contradiction to the assumption that 𝑥 is even.

Therefore, 𝑥 + 𝑦 must be odd. ∎