SAGAPI, ANGEL I.

BSED-SS 3
WORLD HISTORY
ACTIVITY 6
A.
PERSONALITY WORLD CONTRIBUTIONS
1. Thucydides Thucydides, (c. 485-425 BC), greatest of ancient Greek
historians and author of the History of the
Peloponnesian War, which recounts the struggle between
Athens and Sparta in the 5th century BC. His work was
the first recorded political and moral analysis of a
nation’s war policies.
Thucydides believed that the Peloponnesian War
represented an event of unmatched importance. As such,
he began to write the History at the onset of the war
in 431. His intention was to write an account which
would serve as "a possession for all time".
The writing of Thucydides is being used the world and
it serves as a basis for political and in the context
of the society.
2. Socrates Born in 469-399 BC, he challenged the thinking of his
contemporaries by posting penetrating questions. In
this way he aimed to strip away the prejudices we all
bring to our thinking.
Socrates’ most important contribution to Western
philosophy was his technique for arguing a point, known
as the Socratic technique, which he applied to many
things such as truth and justice. This is described in
Plato’s “Socratic dialogues.” An issue would be divided
up into a series of questions, the responses to which
progressively led to the desired outcome.
The importance of this strategy cannot be understated
and has led to Socrates earning the title of the
“father of political philosophy, morality, and good
logic.” The Socratic technique is frequently regarded
as an essential part of the American legal system.
He believed that reason and clear thinking could lead
men to truth and happiness.
3. Plato Plato (427-347 BC) was a disciple of Socrates; it is
through him we know of Socrates teaching. Plato
believed that the material world is not real, but an
imperfect image of the real, or ideal. He founded “the
Academy” the first know institute of higher education
in the west.
One of his notable contribution is Plato recognized the
need for humans to work together in society for mutual
benefit and profit. He believed that everyone had
different skills and attributes, and these could be
combined to meet the needs of the whole of society.
Following on from the division of labor and the three
main types of people in society, Plato was able to
establish a political and economic model which worked
for the benefit of all. In this society, people could
 work together for mutual gain, which would, in turn,
lead to a prosperous and thriving political and
economic structure.
4. Thales of Miletus He is usually regarded as the first Greek
mathematician, and he is credited with developing the
methodologies of observation, experimentation and
deduction, which are still sued today.
He made important contribution to astronomy,
mathematics and philosophy as Bertrand Russell said
“western philosophy begins with Thales”.
He also brought up new rational basis of things rather
than initially held supernatural explanations. One such
example was his attempt to explain earthquakes by
movement of earth or floating of earth on water rather
than attributing it to some supernatural incidence.
In regards to mathematics, he reached at solution of
problems through geometry for instance the height or
distance was calculated by him through geometry. He
also used the same scientific method that is method of
deduction and reasoning rather than alluding to
mythology. Thus he was a pioneer in discovering new
scientific method in mathematics that’s why he is
regarded as the first true mathematician. Another
remarkable achievement of his was deriving the theorem,
popularly known as Thales theorem on basis of deductive
reasoning.
5. Anaximander Anaximander (611-547) asserted the theory of organic
evolution, with the earliest animals being fish, which
later adapted to different environments to become land
animals and human beings.
He was considered as the first scientist since he was
in charge of using the experimental method through the
demonstrative method. He discovered the obliquity of
the ecliptic and also the plane of the celestial
equator. He is considered to be the one who succeeded
in introducing the sundial in Greece and is believed to
be the creator and founder of cartography. His most
important contribution has been his prose work related
to the cosmos and the origins of life. He spoke of the
sun, the moon and the stars, these being the innermost
part.
Anaximander postulated that opposites are united by
means of the apeiron and that they separate when they
need to form things leveled by domination cycles, for
him, this was how the world was made, by separating the
cold from the hot. He managed to observe empirically, a
water lowering in several geographical areas and took
his own ideas saying that the earth was getting dry, as
a struggle between hot and dry versus wet and cold.
B.
Legacy/ Significance of Development
Development During the Ancient Greek
Period
1. Arts and The arts reflect the society
Architecture that creates them. Nowhere
is this truer than in the
case of the ancient Greeks.
Through their temples,
sculpture, and pottery, the
Greeks incorporated a
fundamental principle of
their culture: arete. To the
Greeks, arete meant
excellence and reaching
one's full potential.
Ancient Greek art emphasized
the importance and
accomplishments of human
beings. Even though much of
Greek art was meant to honor
the gods, those very gods
were created in the image of
humans.
Therefore, art and
architecture were a
tremendous source of pride
for citizens and could be
found in various parts of
the city.
2. Mathematics Ancient Greek mathematicians
contributed many important
developments, including the
basic rule of geometry, the
idea of formal mathematical
proof, and discoveries in
number theory and applied
mathematics. Greeks refined
analytical methods by
introducing deductive
reasoning and mathematical
rigor in proofs. Rigor was a
thoroughness and attention
to detail for improving
accuracy. Proofs established
analytical methods as having
a formalized structure.
Significance of Legacy in the
Modern World
Art and Architecture is very
significant in this modern
world because this a way of
expression of the people.
This how people express their
culture, traditions and
beliefs. Through art people
were able to communicate
their thought to others. Arts
also serves as a foundation
for us to preserve and
promulgate our culture. Art
and architecture has always
been around in one form or
another, helping mankind in
the development of diverse
activities and their
outcomes. Art is as vast as
an ocean, embodying a wide
range of activities, such as
sculpting, painting,
photography and architecture,
etc. If we take a look at our
past, we can see that the
earliest form of art that
mankind learnt, was painting,
presented on ancient walls.
With the advancement of time,
newer forms of art arose,
such as music, theatre and
photography, etc., which are
nowadays considered the most
beautiful types of performing
arts.
The mathematicians of ancient
Greece made a hugely
significant contribution to
world thought and all
practical subjects which
depend on that intellectual
basis, from geometry to
engineering, astronomy to
design. Influenced initially
by the Egyptians, Greek
mathematicians would push on
to make breakthroughs such as
Pythagoras' theory of right-
angled triangles and, by
focusing on the abstract,
bring clarity and precision
to age-old mathematical
problems. Their solutions

Of importance was the
suitability of mathematics
to analytical methods. They
saw mathematics as
efficient, precise and
exacting. As having an
absolute purpose to describe
and document aspects of the
observed natural world and
universe. This nicely fit
their objective for
accuracy. That mathematics
itself could be studied, as
pure mathematics, to reveal
or uncover knowledge by
logic and reason was seen as
a unique and distinct
quality.
3. Science The Ancient Greeks made many
advancements in science and
technology. Greek
philosophers began to look
at the world in different
ways. They came up with
theories on how the world
worked and thought that the
natural world obeyed certain
laws that could be observed
and learned through study.
The Greeks were one of the
first civilizations to study
medicine as a scientific way
to cure illnesses and
disease. They had doctors
who studied sick people,
observed their symptoms, and
then came up with some
practical treatments. The
most famous Greek doctor was
Hippocrates. Hippocrates
taught that diseases had
natural causes and they
could sometimes be cured by
natural means. The
Hippocratic Oath to uphold
medical ethics is still
taken by many medical
students today.
4. Educational Education for Greek people
system was vastly "democratized" in
the 5th century B.C.,
influenced by the Sophists,
Plato, and Isocrates. Later,
in the Hellenistic period of
Ancient Greece, education in
a gymnasium school was
provided the fundamental
mathematical building blocks
that all future
mathematicians and scientists
would build upon right up to
the present day.
Science has the potential to
change the world. Over the
past two hundred years,
humanity has experienced
changes at a pace that few
could have imagined. This has
been largely driven by
scientific advancement, and
has brought with it great
economic, technological and
societal progress.
Science has, for example,
cured disease, brought us
closer together through
travel and modern
communications technology,
and helped us better
understand and respond to
environmental challenges.
In this modern world we had
face many changes and
problems, and sometimes with
the use of science we are
able to solve this problems
that are occurring.
Education is an important
tool that is applied in the
contemporary world to
succeed, as it mitigates the
challenges which are faced in
life. The knowledge gained
through education enables
individuals’ potential to be
 considered essential for
participation in Greek
culture. The value of
physical education to the
ancient Greeks and Romans
has been historically
unique. There were two forms
of education in ancient
Greece: formal and informal.
Formal education was
attained through attendance
to a public school or was
provided by a hired tutor.
Informal education was
provided by an unpaid
teacher, and occurred in a
non-public setting.
Education was an essential
component of a person's
identity.
5. Politics Greeks had a high priority
on politics as a result of
their public lifestyles.
Politics is significant
during their time because
they serves as their
foundation to keep things in
order. With politics they
were able to organize their
community. This also
symbolizes power to them.
With politics they were able
to create their own rules so
that their will fair and
justice in their community
and to avoid conflicts.
optimally utilized owing to
training of the human mind.
This opens doors of
opportunities enables
individual to achieve better
prospects in career growth.
Education has played a
paramount role in the modern
industrial world.
Only education can help our
society to progress further
and education is the only
element that is equally
significant for all sects,
ethnicity and social groups
because it has the power to
uplift everyone.
Politics is very important in
this modern world because we
are able make things in
order. We use politics to
rule over the people which is
for the betterment of the
country. Politics helps us
determine who should be the
deserving leader who will be
put up in a position. With
politics we will be able to
identify the people who has
the best qualities who can
serve and help the citizens.