EE2025 Engineering Electromagnetics

Week 8 Review
Week 9 Preview
 Topics Covered
• Total Internal Reflection
• Polarization at interface
• Reflection at conductor
Basis for all the interesting phenomena we saw this week

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Ulaby
 Total Internal Reflection

• Angle of incidence > critical angle

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 TIR- Observations

• Magnitude of reflection coefficient is 1

• Phase change due to TIR.
Different phase change for both parallel and perpendicular polarizations.
Phase change depends on angle of incidence (= 0 at critical angle)
• Transmission coefficient does not become zero
Fields do not vanish in the second medium
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 Visualization (Perpendicular Polarization)
Incident field Reflected field Total field

n=3 n=1

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θc = 35.2

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Does TIR mean incomplete reflection ?

Evanescent Field exists, but there is no power propagating

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 Evanescent field
Total field

35.2

50.8

Is evanescent field good or bad ?

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 Fluorescence microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Epi-Fluorescence microscopy

High resolution image of bio molecules that fluoresce

(absorb higher frequency and emit lower frequency)
Increase resolution by using high NA lenses

http://fablab.webs.ull.es/

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_microscope
 TIR- FM

http://fablab.webs.ull.es/
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 Single molecule isolation

http://fablab.webs.ull.es/

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 Fiber optic evanescent wave sensors

Change in transmitted power due to the absorption of evanescent waves

Waveguides – modes

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 Polarizations at interface

Brewster angle : Angle of incidence for which there is no reflection.

For perfect dielectrics (non magnetic), no Brewster angle for perpendicular polarization

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 Brewster Angle

For perfect dielectrics (non magnetic), no Brewster angle for perpendicular polarization

Incident light at 56.31 degree in air-glass interface with circular polarization

– what is the polarization of reflected/transmitted light ?

Brewster angle for parallel polarization, so no parallel polarization in reflection

i.e, reflection has only perpendicular polarization (Linear polarization)!
Transmitted light has both parallel and perpendicular polarization (elliptical polarization).

Brewster angle : referred to as polarizing angle

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 Brewster Window

Incident light at Brewster angle : reflected light : perpendicular polarization

Transmitted light : predominantly parallel polarization

Multiple round trips get rid of the perpendicular polarization

Output of laser is parallel polarization.

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 Polaroid sun glasses to reduce glare

Glare from dielectric interface

Blocks the perpendicular polarization

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Wikipedia, Ulaby
 Reflection from conducting boundary
Reflection coefficient = -1, irrespective of the angle of incidence.

Transmission coefficient = 0
Incident Field Reflected Field Total Field

Net power flow along the interface for both polarisations

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Parallel Plane waveguide

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 Next Week
• Wed (Tomorrow) Quiz
• 6th Oct – Guest Lecture on Distributed Raman Sensing
• 7th Oct – Guest Lecture on Twisted waves (Non plane
waves)
• 8th Oct onwards - Sources of EM waves-
– Radiation
– Solution for potential function
– Radiation from the Hertz dipole
– Power radiated by the Hertz dipole

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