Division of City Schools of Paranaque

Technology and Livelihood Education

SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING (SMAW)
(Groove Welds)
3rd QUARTER
Week 3-5

WELD CARBON STEEL PLATES IN VERTICAL POSITION (3G)

Let’s Recall (Review)

Performing Weld carbon steel plates in flat position (2G) is quite difficult,
but before the welder performs the 2G position he/she prepares first the
materials needed that said activity specially the base metal.
Figure 3.1 Horizontal Position

©http://www.weldinghelp.org/pl

Definition of terms:
Arc length – this is the distance of the tip of an electrode from the base

metal. Slag – is the waste material which is removed.

Let’s Understand (Study the Concept)

What is 3G welding position?

3G welding position is a vertical position of the metal
to be weld. The
3G refers to vertical groove positions. When welding vertically, the
force of gravity pushes the molten metal downward so it has the
tendency to pile up. To counteract this, you can use either an upward
or downhill vertical position. The progression of the weld is normally
performed up-hill. This position is harder to perform than 1G or 1F and
2G or 2F, but normally only qualifies you in the vertical position and the flat position.
When welding is done on a vertical surface, the molten metal has a tendency to run
downward and pile up.
The flow of the metal can be controlled by pointing the tip of the electrode upward at a 45
degree angle of the plate, holding the rod between the molten puddle. Vertical welding has
two basic techniques for performing welds in the vertical position. These two techniques
are commonly referred to as “vertical up” and “vertical down”. These two techniques can
be used to perform weld in the 3G and 3F position. The following are sets of instructions
for performing “vertical up” and “vertical down”. The “T” pattern works well with fillet weld
in the vertical position.

1
Root Pass
Simply refers to the first weld bead deposited in a multiple pass weld in any weld process, which makes
the two members being welded, one structure.

Root penetration
Is the distance into the root face, or beyond the bottom of the bevel, the weld
melted or fused. Depth of fusion is measured perpendicular or normal to the bevel
face or fusion face after the weld is completed.

Electrode manipulation
The movement or weaving of the welding electrode can control the following
characteristics of the weld bead; penetration, buildup, width, porosity, undercut,
overlap, and slag inclusions. The exact weave pattern for each weld is often the
personal choice of the welder. However, some patterns are especially helpful for
specific welding situations. The pattern selected for a flat (1G) butt joint is not as
critical as is the pattern selections for other joints and other position weave patterns
are available for the welder to use. The picture shows 10 different patterns that can
be used for most welding conditions. The circular well on flat (1F) lap joints.
pattern is often used for flat position welds on butt, tee,
and outside corner joints, and for buildup or surfacing Stringer bead
applications. The “C” and square patterns are both
good for most 1G (flat) weld. The “J” pattern works Figure 1.5 Weave pattern

A narrow, straight weld bead that is created by moving the welding electrode straight along the weld
joint. A quality stringer bead should have good tie-in on both sides of the weld and equal buildup of
bead.

Let’s Apply
Directions: The student will prepare one piece of graphing paper and any color of ball pen.
Students will create a stringer bead “T” pattern for the preparation for the
carbon steel plates vertical position. Do this everyday until the pattern
becomes straight.

Figure 1.6 Stringer Bead

©https://www.weldingtipsa

Let’s Analyze
 Directions: Analyze and compare the difference of the movement of the hand of a girl to the
hand of a boy in performing electrode manipulation. Ask a girl to perform the said activity. Do this
everyday until the pattern becomes straight.

2
1. On a piece of paper performed “T” stringer bead pattern, follow the grid lines front and back of the

paper. Figure 3.4 “T” pattern

Let’s Try (Evaluation)
Multiple choice:
Directions: Answer the following questions and write the letter of the best answer.
1. It refers to a 1G or 1F position?
a. Horizontal position b. Flat position c. Vertical position d. Overhead
position 2. It refers to a 3G or 3F position?
a. Horizontal position b. Flat position c. Vertical position d. Overhead position 3. A narrow
straight weld bead that is created by the movement of the electrode? a. Arc length b. Stringer bead
c. Travel of speed d. Fillet weld
4. The movement or weaving of the welding electrode?
a. Arc length b. Electrode c. electrode manipulation d. Electrode specification
5. It refers to 2G or 2F position?
a. Horizontal position b. Flat position c. Vertical position d. Overhead position 6. the weave
pattern appropriate for the horizontal position.
a. Circular pattern b. J pattern c. Square pattern d. T pattern
7. Weave pattern for 3G and 3F?
a. Circular pattern b. J pattern c. Square pattern d. T pattern

Let’s Create

Performance
The learner independently performs 3G vertical position weld on carbon plates based on
industry standard.
Note: three things should a welder need to remember inside the working area.
1. Safety first
 3
2. Presence of mind Vertical position (3G)
3. Zero accident
Preparation of the base plate
The bevels are to be flame cut on the edges of the
plate before the parts are assembled. The bevel face
must be smooth and free of notches. The groove face
and inside and outside plates surface with-in 1”
(25mm) of the joint must be mechanically cleaned of Figure 3.5
slag, rust and mill scale. Cleaning must be done with a
Base Plates
wire brush or grinder down to bright metal.
©http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajme/4/3/2/figure /1
3G is a plate in the horizontal position that is beveled. This position is quite difficult and only covers the
welder in that position.
Weld carbon steel plates in Vertical position

(3G)

Figure 3.1

Role
● Your job is to act as a welder.

Audience
●You need to present your work to your parents, classmates and teacher
or a friend that is welder by profession.
Situation
●The best thing in this activity is you will concentrate on the movement of
your hand to perform the activity perfectly.
Product Performance
● You will be judged by your teacher and classmates upon the
presentation.
Standards
Directions: Your performance will be graded by the following rubric.
Criteria

100pts Completed the preparation and the weld of carbon steel plates
in accordance to the welding standard.

90pts Almost completed, but the stringer bead is not straight.

80pts Without root pass.