CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

This chapter discusses the conceptual and research literature that is relevant to the current

research. These literatures aided the current researchers in furthering their investigation and

analyzing all of the data required for this analysis.

CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE

The present study's conceptual literature is focused on a variety of books, journals, and

blogs that were used as sources by the researchers to back up their findings. To offer this analysis

a broad definition and a diverse source of critical knowledge, many domestic and international

sources were used.

Hospitality Industry. Cvent (2020) explained it in order to understand it completely. It

is better to look at the big four which are Food and Beverage, Travel and Tourism, Lodging, and

Recreation. Restaurants, pubs, and lounges all fall under the food and beverage label. Airlines

and travel agents are included in the category of travel and tourism. Hotels and AirBnBs are also

options for lodging. Golfing, swimming, and tennis are examples of recreational activities.

Tower (2020) emphasized its importance for both consumers and employees to learn the

ins and outs of this competitive market, since it is one of the main big corporations and economic

contributors. Moreover, it was discussed that the hospitality industry incorporates a range of

service sector jobs, including eateries, lodging, and the travel industry overall (e.g. cruise ships).

Adding to that, the term hospitality comes from the Latin hospitalitis, which shows the relation

between a guest and a host, and is derived from the Greek word hospes, which means "friend,"

"guest," "newcomer," or "attendee." Therefore, hospitality is defined as "the operation of inviting

strangers or visitors without compensation or with kind and generous rectitude". In the most

basic level, hospitality is mostly about providing positive customer satisfaction.

 Coping Strategies. Skinner and Zimmer-Gimbeck (2016) presented coping in a way that

it depicts how people recognize, react with, and improve from traumatic experiences, which is a

simple mechanism essential to adjustment and longevity. Coping has been studied in many

contexts throughout the lifetime for years in the medical and social sciences. Building of

psychological stages, assessment systems to supplement self-report questionnaires, and designs

to capture coping processes are all innovative methods.

S. Blum & R.C. Silver (2012) shared that coping mechanisms are as diverse as the

stressors that accompanied them. Acknowledging the situation or one's part in it, effective coping

to detach the stressor or oneself from the source of stress, instinctive coping directed at an

imminent yet uncontrollable occurrence, ignoring the stressor or related feelings of distress, and

avoiding the issue or feelings are several typical techniques or classes for coping mechanism.

Strategic Responses. Wenzel (2020) tackled the impact of COVID-19 to the strategic

alignment of different industries. It is explained that they pose a serious challenge to the viability

of businesses in all sectors of industry, with hugely damaging human, social, and economic

repercussions such as large employment losses and social economic insecurity. According to

research, businesses dealing with an economic meltdown will change and boost their results by

focusing on expansion of business.

Toppr (2018) discussed it as The company will be able to press forward with consistency

and resilience as a result of the strategic response. As a result, this approach is more than just

about surviving; it also promotes the firm's prosperity. Its aim is to reduce risks while still

seizing opportunities. This is due to the reason that the corporate world is made up of the

company itself as well as a variety of other internal and external influences. These elements are

fully incorporated into the company.

 SOURCES

Cvent, C. (2020, December 02). What is the Hospitality Industry? Your Complete Guide.
Retrieved April 14, 2021, from https://www.cvent.com/en/blog/hospitality/what-is-the-
hospitality-industry

E.A. Skinner & M. Zimmer-Gembeck (2016). Encyclopedia of Mental Health (Second

Edition).

S. Blum & R.C. Silver (2012). Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (Second Edition).

Toppr. (2018, April 10). Strategic Response to the Environment. Retrieved from
https://www.toppr.com/guides/commercial-knowledge/business-environment/strategic-
response-environment

Tower, A. (2020, November 30). The ultimate guide to the hospitality INDUSTRY (2021
Edition). Retrieved April 14, 2021, from https://hoteltechreport.com/news/hospitality-
industry-guide

Wenzel, M. (2020, April 04). Strategic responses to crisis. Retrieved April 14, 2021, from
https://icsb.org/strategicresponses