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Electronics: Quarter 3 - Module 1: Amplitude and Frequency Modulation
Electronics: Quarter 3 - Module 1: Amplitude and Frequency Modulation
Electronics
Quarter 3 – Module 1:
Amplitude and Frequency
Modulation
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Electronics
Quarter 3 – Module 1:
Amplitude and Frequency
Modulation
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master Amplitude and Frequency Modulation. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
1
What I Know
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
2
8. Which of the following is the advantage of FM radio over AM radio?
a. FM is cheaper than AM
b. FM is less prone to interference than AM
c. FM has a lower bandwidth, so it can have more stations than AM
d. All of the above
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Lesson Amplitude and Frequency
1 Modulation
Aside from television AM and FM radio play vital roles in our everyday lives,
for they provide a useful auditory device of communication. They provide
entertainment and companionship as we do our daily activities. They also give us
real-time information that we need to keep us abreast of what we need to know
about the world.
The AM and FM radio stations do not just inform but also motivate us to learn
more. They become instruments in promoting values and virtues that build
attitudes, interests, and gratefulness of human life. Thus, radio became one of the
means in the Distance Learning Modality of the Department of Education today
since it can cover a wide range of areas to help educate the learners.
What’s In
4
Review Questions:
What’s New
The sound over the radio is of different frequencies and broadcast from
different radio stations. One can quickly tell if he or she is listening to an AM or FM
radio station. Are there differences in the sounds produced by the radio stations?
FM Radio Station
Ex. Love Radio 90.7
Guide Questions:
1. Did you find it easy to locate the AM and FM radio stations?
2. Have you located a frequency of the nearest radio station in your locality?
Give the name of the nearest radio station.
3. What challenges have you experienced in doing this activity?
5
What is It
A radio show or program starts with the production of audio from people who
speak. The sounds will then be captured, and the microphone will turn them into
an electrical signal. It is then transmitted from the studio immediately or stored as
a recording to be used later, but here is where the AM/FM thing happens.
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2. By changing the frequency or how fast the carrier wave travels (Frequency
Modulation).
7
The quality of sound produced, performance, and broadcast range of AM and
FM can be associated with the way radio signals are encoded. The quality of sound
varies on its location and environment. If there are physical barriers like buildings
or in closed area, the quality might be affected. It explains why FM stations sound
better than AM stations, but AM stations can be heard further.
AM radio varies the amplitude of the broadcast signal, so the signal’s power is
also changed since amplitude represents the signal’s strength. Some receivers
cannot pick up low amplitude signals at all. FM radio always remains at constant
amplitude, so signal strength does not change.
FM uses a higher frequency range and bandwidth than AM. AM radio operates
from 535 kHz (kiloHertz) to 1705 kHz. When turning the dial on the radio, the
number changes by 10 kHz each time. It means that each station has 10 kHz of
bandwidth on which to broadcast. On the other hand, FM radio operates between
88 MHz and 108 MHz and increments every 200 kHz.
The zero-crossing is important for systems which send digital data over AC
circuits, such as modems, X10 home automation control systems, and Digital
Command Control type systems for Lionel and other AC model trains.
AM FM
8
In AM, a radio wave is called In FM, a radio wave is called
the “carrier” or “carrier wave. the “carrier” or “carrier wave.”
Modulating
“It is modulated in amplitude It is modulated in frequency
differences
by the signal that is to be by the signal that is to be
transmitted. The frequency transmitted. The amplitude
and phase remain the same. and phase remain the same.
AM has a poorer sound quality FM is less prone to
than FM, but it is cheaper and interference than AM.
can transmit over long However, FM signals are
Pros and cons distances. It has a lower impacted by physical barriers.
bandwidth, so it has more FM has better sound quality
stations available in any due to higher bandwidth.
frequency range.
Sound quality varies on its location and other physical barriers.
9
What’s More
In the previous activity, you experienced locating the frequencies and names
of radio stations.
The next activity will determine how much you know about AM and FM radio.
Assessment1
Directions: Read and understand each statement below about AM and FM. Identify
whether the statement is true or false. Write FACT if the statement is true and
FAKE if it is false.
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7. AM method of audio transmission was first successfully carried out in the mid-
1820s.
8. FM uses a higher frequency range and a bigger bandwidth than AM.
9. FM radio always remains at constant amplitude, so signal strength does not
change.
10. Each FM station is allocated 150 kHz of bandwidth, which is 15 times that
of an AM station.
Guide Questions:
1. What is the use of the amplitude modulator in the illustration?
2. What happens to the sound fed on the microphone?
3. What happens to the amplitude of the carrier wave as it passes on the
modulator?
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Assessment 2:
Directions: Identify what is being described in each statement below. Choose your
answer from the inside of the box.
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What I Can Do
Activity:1
Let’s use these materials:
paper, and ball pen
Let’s do it this way:
1. Make a script of a radio talk show on the topic “Differences between AM and
FM.”
2. The scoring rubric below will be used in assessing the output.
CATEGORY 5 4 3 2
Purpose & The paper The paper The paper The paper
Supporting compares and compares and compares and compares
Details contrasts items contrasts contrasts items or
clearly. The items clearly, clearly, but the contrasts,
paper points to but the supporting but does
specific supporting information is not
examples to information is incomplete. The include
illustrate the general. The paper may both.
comparison. The paper includes include There is no
paper includes only the information supporting
only the information that is not informatio
information relevant to the relevant to the n or
relevant to the comparison. comparison. support is
comparison. incomplete
.
Organization The paper The paper The paper Many
& Structure breaks the breaks the breaks the details are
information into information information not in a
whole to-whole, into whole to- into whole to- logical or
similarities - to- whole, whole, expected
differences, or similarities - similarities - to- order.
point-by-point to-differences, differences, or There is
structure. It or point by- point by-point little sense
follows a point structure structure, but that the
consistent order but does not some writing is
when discussing follow a information is organized.
the comparison. consistent in the wrong
order when section. Some
discussing the details are not
comparison. in a logical or
expected order,
and this
distracts the
reader.
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Transitions The paper moves The paper Some The
smoothly from moves from transitions transitions
one idea to the one idea to the work well; but between
next. The paper next, but there connections ideas are
uses comparison is little variety. between other unclear or
and contrast The paper uses ideas are fuzzy. nonexisten
transition words comparison t.
to show and contrast
relationships transition
between ideas. words to show
The paper uses relationships
a variety of between ideas.
sentence
structures and
transitions.
Grammar & Writer makes no Writer makes Writer makes 3- Writer
Spelling errors in 1-2 errors in 4 errors in makes
(Conventions) grammar or grammar or grammar or more than
spelling that spelling that spelling that 4 errors in
distract the distract the distract the grammar
reader from the reader from reader from the or spelling
content. the content. content. that
distract
the reader
from the
content.
Activity 2:
Let’s use these materials: cell phone with audio recording
Let’s do it this way:
1. Make an audio recorded presentation of a radio talk show discussing the
differences between AM and FM.
2. The scoring rubric below will be used in assessing your output.
5 4 3 2
Delivery The recording The recording The recording No
is well is rehearsed, appears delivery.
rehearsed and the unrehearsed,
delivered enunciation is the enunciation
smoothly, the sometimes is muddled and
enunciation is clear and not clear and
clear and intelligible, and the recitation
intelligible, there is some lacks
and there is expression and expression and
much enthusiasm in enthusiasm.
expression and the recitation.
enthusiasm in
the recitation.
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Content Student Student Student Student
knowledge demonstrates demonstrates demonstrates a shows no
strong some little understan
understanding
understanding understanding ding of the
of the ideas,
through the of the ideas, of the ideas, ideas or
use of detail through the through the use content of
and tone. use of detail of detail and the piece.
and tone. tone.
Technical The volume is The volume is The volume is No
Skills good for voice, fair for voice, poor for voice, recording.
there is no there is there is
background or background considerable
other and other background
distracting distracting and other
noise, and noise, and distracting
there are no there are some noise, and there
technical technical are several
glitches. glitches. technical
glitches.
Assessment
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What remains constant in an AM broadcast?
a. amplitude
b. frequency
c. music
d. speech
3. Why does AM radio focus mainly on news and talk show programs?
a. AM radio has a lower bandwidth than FM radio
b. AM radio has higher bandwidth than FM radio
c. AM radio has a constant bandwidth than FM radio
d. AM radio has fixed wave amplitude and constant frequency
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4. What is the advantage of FM over AM?
a. FM is less costly than AM.
b. FM can be heard over long distances than AM.
c. FM is less susceptible to noise because the information in an FM
signal is transmitted through varying the frequency, and not the
amplitude.
d. FM is less susceptible to noise because noise affects amplitude, where
information is “stored” in an FM signal.
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Additional Activities
5 4 3 2
Student’s work Student’s Student’s Student was
showed that work was work was careless in
Neatness
extreme care satisfactorily below average completing
was used while neat, no in neatness. work/did not
completing major follow
drawing. mistakes directions.
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What’s More
What I Know Activity 2
1.d Guide Question
2.b 1. The amplitude modulator varies the
3.a
amplitude of the carrier wave.
4.c
5.a
2. The sound fed on the microphone will be
6.b converted into a weak electrical signal before
7.d
it will be amplified.
8.b 3. The amplitude of the carrier wave varies
9.b while its frequency remains the same as it
10.a
passes on the modulator.
What's More Assessment 2
Activity 1 1. AM
2. FM
Guide Question 3. 535kHz-705kHz
1.Answer could be YES or No. It depends on 4. 88MHz – 108MHz
their location. Some places could easily locate 5. Modulation
the frequencies of AM and FM but for some it
is not.
2. Sound in FM is clearer than in AM because Assessment
FM is less susceptible to noise. FM is less
1.a
susceptible to noise because the information
in an FM signal is transmitted through varying 2.a
the frequency, and not the amplitude. 3.a
4.c
5.c
3. Most of the radio programs played in AM
radio stations are news, talk show, religious,
health and public service oriented while FM
plainly focus on playing music.
4. AM radio has more number of radio stations
than FM radio. It is because AM radio has a
lower bandwidth than FM radio making the
AM radio to accommodate more radio stations.
Assessment 1
1.FACT
2.FACT
3.FAKE
4.FAKE
5.FACT
6.FACT
7.FAKE
8.FACT
9.FACT
10. FACT
Answer Key
References
“What Actually the Difference Between AM and FM Radio?” Accessed December 22,
2020.https://flypaper.soundfly.com/discover/what-actually-is-the-
difference-between-am-and-fm-radio/
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