Nenmong HNTTHAI

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
FALCUTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
A Project Report on
FOUNDATION
Student name: Ha Nguyen Thanh Thai

Advisor: Le Ba Vinh
Class: CC01
Student code: 1652547
Semester 192
Academic year: 2019-2020
PROJECT OF FOUNDATION PROF. LE BA VINH
PART 1: STATISTIC OF SOIL PROPERTIES
I. Calculation:
1. Standard value:
a. For void ratio e, moisture content w and bulk density ϒ
n
A i
Atc  Aave  i 1
n
With Ai is the specific value of characteristic from a separate experiment.
n is the number of tests
b. For cohesion C and friction angle φ:
1 n n n n

ctc     i i
  i 1 i 1
 2
 
i 1
 i   i i 
i 1 
1 n n n

tan  tc   n 
  i 1
 
i i  
i 1
 i  i 
i 1 
2
n
 n 
With   n  i     i 
2
i 1  i 1 
2. Fluctuating coefficient ν

   
Aave
1 n
With σ is the average deviation:     Ai  Aave  for void ratio e, moisture
2
n  1 i 1
content w and bulk density :

[ν] is the maximum fluctuating coefficient, taken from QPXD 45-78:
HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547 2

If    then the sample is satisfied. Otherwise, data with large error must be
eliminated through the equation:

A  Ai   ' CM
1 n
With σCM is the estimated deviation:  CM    Ai  Aave  if n < 25. If not, σCM =
2
n i 1
σ
[ν] is the statistical indicator, dependent on the number of test n
3. Calculated value:
a. For void ratio e and moisture content w:
Att  Atc
b. For bulk density ϒ, cohesion C and friction angle φ:

Atc
A 
tt
kd
1
With kd is the safety coefficient of soil k d 
1 
ρ is the accuracy factor   t for cohesion C and friction angle φ

t
 for bulk density ϒ
n
tα is dependent on the reliable probability α and the number of tests n, which is equal to
0.95 for the 1st limit state and 0.85 for the 2nd limit state:

II. RESULT:
1. Report 1A:
A. Layer 1
i. Moisture content (W):
 Checking the statistic:

𝑊𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 46,07
● 𝑊𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = = 23,035 %
𝑛 2
1 n
  Ai  Aave  =√2−1
1
●
2
× 4,351 = 2,086
n  1 i 1
𝜎 2,086
●𝑣= = = 0,091 < [𝑣 ] = 0,15 taken from QPXD 45-78
𝑊𝑎𝑣𝑔 23,035
=> Sample set selected

 Standard value and calculated value:

● Wtc = Wtt = Wavg = 23,035 %
ii. Void ratio (e):

𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 1,4
● eavg = = = 0,7
𝑛 2
1 n
  Ai  Aave  =√2−1
1
●
2
× 0,005 = 0,071
n  1 i 1
𝜎 0,071
●𝑣= = = 0,101
𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑔 0,7

● etc = ett = eavg = 0,7
iii. Bulk density (γt) :

γ𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 39,2
● γavg = = = 19,6 (kN/m3)
𝑛 2

1 n
  Ai  Aave  =√2−1
1
●
2
× 0,08 = 0,283
n  1 i 1
𝜎 0,283
●𝑣= = = 0,014 < [𝑣 ] = 0,05
γ𝑎𝑣𝑔 19,6
According to QPXD 45-78, the maximum coefficient of bulk density, [v] = 0.05
 Standard value:
● γtc = γavg = 19,6 (kN/m3)
iv. Cohesion (c) and internal friction angle ():
Layer 1
200
τ kN/m2
100
y = 0.2139x + 25.525
0 R² = 0.9767
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
σ kN/m2
 Check the result values:

𝜎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑 0,017
● 𝑣𝑡𝑔𝜑 = = = 0,079 ≤ [v] = 0,3
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑 𝑡𝑐 0,214
𝜎𝑐 4,608
● 𝑣𝑐 = = = 0,181 ≤ [v] = 0,3
𝑐 𝑡𝑐 25,525
According to QPXD 45-78, the maximum coefficient of cohesion and internal friction
angle, [v] = 0.15

 Standard value:
● 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑𝑡𝑐 = 0,214 => 𝜑𝑡𝑐 = 12o 04′
● 𝑐 𝑡𝑐 = 25,525 kN/m2
 Calculated value for limit state I:
For the limit state I: a =0,95 (n-2 = 6) ta = 1,94
 Internal friction I:
● tg = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑡𝑔 = 1,94 × 0,079 = 0,153
● 𝑡𝑔𝐼 = 𝑡𝑔𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑡𝑔 ) = 0,214 (1 ± 0,153) = 0,181 ÷ 0,247
=> I = 10°16′ ÷ 13°51′

 Cohesion c:
● c = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑐 = 1,94 × 0,181 = 0,35
● 𝑐𝐼 = 𝑐 𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑐 ) = 25,525 (1 ± 0,35) = 16,586 ÷ 34,464 (kN/m2 )

 Calculated value for limit state II:
For the limit state II: a = 0,85 (n-2 = 6) ta = 1,13
 Internal friction II:
● tg = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑡𝑔 = 1,13 × 0,079 = 0,089
● 𝑡𝑔𝐼𝐼 = 𝑡𝑔𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑡𝑔 ) = 0,214 (1 ± 0,089) = 0,195 ÷ 0,233
=> II = 11°01′ ÷ 13°07′

 Cohesion c:
● c = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑐 = 1,13 × 0,181 = 0,205
● 𝑐𝐼𝐼 = 𝑐 𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑐 ) = 25,525 (1 ± 0,205) = 20,292 ÷ 30,758 (kN/m2 )

B. Layer 2

● 𝑊𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = = 20,79 %
𝑛 2
1 n
  Ai  Aave  =√7−1
1
●
2
× 18,102 = 1,737
n  1 i 1
𝜎 1,737
●𝑣= = = 0,084 < [𝑣 ] = 0,15
𝑊𝑎𝑣𝑔 20,79
1 n
●  CM    Ai  Aave  = √17 × 18,102 = 1,608
2
(n < 25)
n i 1
● v’ × σcm = 2,18 × 1,608 = 3,505 (n=7 % v’= 2,18)

According to QPXD 45-78, the maximum coefficient of moisture content, [v] = 0.15
● Wtc = Wtt = Wavg = 20,79 %

ii. Void ratio (e):

● eavg = = = 0,639
𝑛 7
1 n
  Ai  Aave  =√7−1
1
●
2
× 0,013 = 0,047
n  1 i 1
𝜎 0,047
●𝑣= = = 0,074
1 n
●  CM    Ai  Aave  = √17 × 0,013 = 0,043
2
(n < 25)
n i 1
● v’ × σcm = 2,18 × 0,043 = 0,094 (n=7 % v’= 2,18)

● etc = ett = eavg = 0,639

iii. Bulk density ():

● γavg = = = 19,93 (kN/m3)
𝑛 7
1 n
  Ai  Aave  =√7−1
1
●
2
× 0,514 = 0,293
n  1 i 1
𝜎 0,293
●𝑣= = = 0,015 < [𝑣 ] = 0,05
γ𝑎𝑣𝑔 19,93
1 n
●  CM    Ai  Aave  = √17 × 0,514 = 0,271
2
(n < 25)
n i 1
● v’ × σcm = 2,18 × 0,271 = 0,591 (n=7 % v’= 2,18)

 Standard value:
● γtc = γavg = 19,93 (kN/m3)
 Calculated value for the first limit state:
For the first limit state: a =0.95 (n-1 = 6) ta = 1.94
t 1,94×0,015
●  = = 0,011
n √7

● γtt = γtc (1 ± ) = 19,93 (1 ± 0,011)= 19,714 ÷ 20,143 (kN/m3)

 Calculated value for the second limit state:
For the second limit state: a =0.85 (n-1 = 6) ta = 1.13
t 1,13×0,015
●  = = 0,0064
n √7
● γtt = γtc (1 ± ) = 19,93 (1 ± 0,0064)= 19,804 ÷ 20,054 (kN/m3)

200
Layer 2
τ (kN/m2)
y = 0.2386x + 23.621
0 R² = 0.9391
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
σ (kN/m2)

● 𝑣𝑡𝑔𝜑 = = = 0,054 ≤ [v] = 0,3
𝜎𝑐 3,532
● 𝑣𝑐 = = = 0,1495 ≤ [v] = 0,3
𝑐 𝑡𝑐 23,621
angle, [v] = 0.3
 Standard value:
● 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑𝑡𝑐 = 0,239 => 𝜑𝑡𝑐 = 13o 26′
● 𝑐 𝑡𝑐 = 23,621 kN/m2
For the limit state I: a =0.95 (n-2 = 26) ta = 1.71
● tg = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑡𝑔 = 1,71 × 0,054 = 0,092
● 𝑡𝑔𝐼 = 𝑡𝑔𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑡𝑔 ) = 0,239 (1 ± 0,092) = 0,217 ÷ 0,261
=> I = 12°14′ ÷ 14°37′

 Cohesion c:
● c = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑐 = 1,71 × 0,1495 = 0,256
● 𝑐𝐼 = 𝑐 𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑐 ) = 23,621 (1 ± 0,257) = 17,574 ÷ 29,668 (kN/m2 )

For the limit state II: a = 0.85 (n-2 = 26) ta = 1.06
● tg = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑡𝑔 = 1,06 × 0,054 = 0,057
● 𝑡𝑔𝐼𝐼 = 𝑡𝑔𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑡𝑔 ) = 0,239 (1 ± 0,057) = 0,225 ÷ 0,253
=> II = 12°42′ ÷ 14°10′

 Cohesion c:
● c = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑐 = 1,06 × 0,1495 = 0,158

● 𝑐𝐼𝐼 = 𝑐 𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑐 ) = 23,621 (1 ± 0,158) = 19,889 ÷ 27,353 (kN/m2 )
C. Layer 3

● 𝑊𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = = 19,22 %
𝑛 16
1 n
  Ai  Aave  =√16−1
1
●
2
× 60,755 = 2,013
n  1 i 1
𝜎 2,013
●𝑣= = = 0,105 < [𝑣 ] = 0,15
1 n
●  CM    Ai  Aave  = √161 × 60,755 = 1,949
2
(n < 25)
n i 1
● v’ × σcm = 2,67 × 1,949 = 5,203 (n=16 % v’= 2,67)

According to QPXD 45-78, the maximum coefficient of moisture content, [v] = 0.15

● Wtc = Wtt = Wavg = 19,22 %
ii. Void ratio (e):

● eavg = = = 0,569
𝑛 16
1 n
  Ai  Aave  =√16−1
1
●
2
× 0,048 = 0,055
n  1 i 1
𝜎 0,055
●𝑣= = = 0,097
1 n
●  CM    Ai  Aave  = √161 × 0,048 = 0,0547
2
(n < 25)
n i 1
● v’ × σcm = 2,67 × 0,0547= 0,146 (n=16 % v’= 2,67)


● etc = ett = eavg = 0,569

γ𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 324
● γavg = = = 20,25 (kN/m3)
𝑛 16
1 n
  Ai  Aave  =√16−1
1
●
2
× 2,240 = 0,386
n  1 i 1
𝜎 0,386
●𝑣= = = 0,019 < [𝑣 ] = 0,05
1 n
●  CM    Ai  Aave  = √161 × 2,240 = 0,374
2
(n < 25)
n i 1
● v’ × σcm = 2,67 × 0,374 = 0,999 (n=16 % v’= 2,67)


 Standard value:
● γtc = γavg = 20,25 (kN/m3)
t 1,75×0,019
●  = = 0,008
n √16
● γtt = γtc (1 ± ) = 20,25 (1 ± 0,008)= 20,081÷ 20,4193 (kN/m3)

t 1,13×0,019
●  = = 0,005
n √7
● γtt = γtc (1 ± ) = 20,25 (1 ± 0,005)= 20,147 ÷ 20,353 (kN/m3)


Layer 3
300
τ (kN/m2)
200 y = 0.4776x + 9.5688

100 R² = 0.9908
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
σ (kN/m2)

● 𝑣𝑡𝑔𝜑 = = = 0,013 ≤ [v] = 0,3
𝜎𝑐 1,665
● 𝑣𝑐 = = = 0,174 ≤ [v] = 0,3
𝑐 𝑡𝑐 9,569
angle, [v] = 0.3
 Standard value:
● 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑𝑡𝑐 = 0,478 => 𝜑𝑡𝑐 = 25o 32′
● 𝑐 𝑡𝑐 = 9,569 kN/m2
● tg = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑡𝑔 = 1,67 × 0,013 = 0,022

● 𝑡𝑔𝐼 = 𝑡𝑔𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑡𝑔 ) = 0,478 (1 ± 0,022) = 0,467 ÷ 0,489
=> I = 25°03′ ÷ 26°02′

 Cohesion c:
● c = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑐 = 1,67 × 0,174 = 0,291
● 𝑐𝐼 = 𝑐 𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑐 ) = 9,569 (1 ± 0,291) = 6,784 ÷ 12,354 (kN/m2 )
● tg = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑡𝑔 = 1,05 × 0,013 = 0,014
● 𝑡𝑔𝐼𝐼 = 𝑡𝑔𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑡𝑔 ) = 0,478 (1 ± 0,014) = 0,471 ÷ 0,485
=> II = 25°14′ ÷ 25°51′

 Cohesion c:
● c = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑐 = 1,05 × 0,174 = 0,183
● 𝑐𝐼𝐼 = 𝑐 𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑐 ) = 9,569 (1 ± 0,183) = 7,818 ÷ 11,320 (kN/m2 )
D. Layer 4

● 𝑊𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = = 18,24 %
𝑛 5
1 n
  Ai  Aave  =√5−1
1
●
2
× 3,721 = 0,863
n  1 i 1
𝜎 0,863
●𝑣= = = 0,047 < [𝑣 ] = 0,15 taken from QPXD 45-78

● Wtc = Wtt = Wavg = 18,24 %
ii. Void ratio (e):

● eavg = = = 0,65
𝑛 5
1 n
  Ai  Aave  =√5−1
1
●
2
× 0,0026 = 0,025
n  1 i 1
𝜎 0,025
●𝑣= = = 0,038

● etc = ett = eavg = 0,65


● γavg = = = 18,98 (kN/m3)
𝑛 5
1 n
  Ai  Aave  =√5−1
1
●
2
× 0,428 = 0,327
n  1 i 1
𝜎 0,327
●𝑣= = = 0,017 < [𝑣 ] = 0,05
 Standard value:
● γtc = γavg = 18,98 (kN/m3)
t 2,13×0,017
●  = = 0,016
n √5
● γtt = γtc (1 ± ) = 18,98 (1 ± 0,016)= 18,668 ÷ 19,292 (kN/m3)

t 1,19×0,017
●  = = 0,009
n √5
● γtt = γtc (1 ± ) = 18,98(1 ± 0,009)= 18,806 ÷ 19,154 (kN/m3)

500
Layer 4
τ (kN/m2)
y = 0.4776x + 9.5688
R² = 0.9908
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
σ (kN/m2)

● 𝑣𝑡𝑔𝜑 = = = 0,025 ≤ [v] = 0,3
𝜎𝑐 3,713
● 𝑣𝑐 = = = 1,272
𝑐 𝑡𝑐 2,92
angle, [v] = 0.3
 Standard value:
● 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑𝑡𝑐 = 0,5504 => 𝜑𝑡𝑐 = 28o 49′

● 𝑐 𝑡𝑐 = 2,92 kN/m2
● tg = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑡𝑔 = 1,73 × 0,025 = 0,043
● 𝑡𝑔𝐼 = 𝑡𝑔𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑡𝑔 ) = 0,5504 (1 ± 0,043) = 0,527 ÷ 0,574
=> I = 27°46′ ÷ 29°51′

 Cohesion c:
● c = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑐 = 1,73 × 1,272 = 2,201
● 𝑐𝐼 = 𝑐 𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑐 ) = 2,92 (1 ± 2,201) = −3,507 ÷ 9,347 (kN/m2 )

%𝑐𝐼 = 0 ÷ 9,347 (kN/m2 )
● tg = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑡𝑔 = 1,07 × 0,025 = 0,027
● 𝑡𝑔𝐼𝐼 = 𝑡𝑔𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑡𝑔 ) = 0,5504 (1 ± 0,027) = 0,536 ÷ 0,565
=> II = 28°10′ ÷ 29°28′

 Cohesion c:
● c = 𝑡ɑ × 𝑣𝑐 = 1,07 × 1,272 = 1,361
● 𝑐𝐼𝐼 = 𝑐 𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑐 ) = 2,92 (1 ± 1,361) = −1,054 ÷ 6,894 (kN/m2 )

%𝑐𝐼𝐼 = 0 ÷ 6,894 (kN/m2 )
THE RESULT OF STATISTIC
 tc Ctc  tc  (degree)  (degree)

Soil Layers W (%) e 3  I (kN/m3)  II (kN/m3) 2
2
CI (kN/m )
2
CII (kN/m ) I II
(kN/m ) (kN/m ) (degree)
1 23.04 0.700 19.60 25.525 16.586 ÷ 34.464 20.292 ÷ 30.758 12.08 10.259 ÷ 13.874 11.034 ÷13.115
2 20.79 0.639 19.93 19.714 ÷ 20.143 19.804 ÷ 20.054 23.621 17.574 ÷ 29.668 19.889 ÷ 27.353 13.44 12.243 ÷ 14.280 12.680 ÷ 14.197
3 19.22 0.569 20.25 20.081 ÷20.419 20.147 ÷20.353 9.569 6.784 ÷12.354 7.818 ÷11.320 25.55 25.033 ÷26.059 25.220 ÷25.873
4 18.24 0.650 18.98 .18.668÷19.292 18.806 ÷19.154 2.92 0 ÷ 9.347 0 ÷ 6.894 28.83 27.789 ÷29.856 28.191 ÷29.466
PART 2: STRIP FOUNDATION DESIGN
I. Input data:
1. Plan view diagram:
E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8
STRUCTURE PLAN
SCALE 1/200
2. Diagram of trip foundation:
Ntt1 Ntt2 Ntt3 Ntt4 Ntt5

Mtt4 Mtt5
Mtt1 Mtt2 Mtt3
Htt1 Htt2 Htt3 Htt4 Htt5
La 4 5 6 4 La
A B C D E

3. Standard values:
Axes Vertical force Bending moment Horizontal force

Ntc (kN) Mtc (kNm) Htc (kN)
A 374 34 40
B 440 29 50
C 440 29 50
D 396 29 35
E 352 37 45
4. Calculated values:
Axes Vertical force Bending moment Horizontal force

Ntt (kN) Mtt (kNm) Htt (kN)
A 430 39 46
B 506 33 58
C 506 33 58
D 455 33 40
E 405 42 52
II. Define material:

- Concrete M250 (B20):
Tensile strength of concrete: Rbt = 0.9 MPa
Compressive strength of concrete: Rb = 11.5 MPa
Elastic modulus: E = 27000 MPa
Overloading factor: n = 1.15
Average density between concrete and soil: γave = 22 kN/m2
- Reinforcement: CB300-V (TCVN 5574:2018)

Tensile strength of reinforcement for longitudinal bars Rs = 260 MPa
Tensile strength of reinforcement for stirrups: Rsw = 210 MPa
- Reinforcement: CB300-T (TCVN 5574:2018)

III. Preliminary sizing:

1. Embedded depth of the footing:
- Mechanical characteristic of soil:
+ Choose Df = 2 m
=> The trip footings are placed in the layer 1.
+ Layer 1 contains clay soil with the depth is from 0.5 m to 4.6 m (about
4.0m thickness). It is yellow gray with sepia and hard plastic.
+ Ground water level: -1.2 m
+ Specific weight of water: w = 10 kN/m3
+ Characteristic of soil above GWL: (The footing is near Bored Hole 1)
 Above GWL: (Layer 1)
Moisture content: W = 23.035 %
Void ratio: e = 0.7
Bulk density:
Standard value:  tc   ' I  19.6 kN/m3
Cohesiton:
Standard value: ctc = 25.525 kN/m2
Calculated value:
cItt  16.586 34.464(kN / m 2 )
cIItt  20.292 30.758(kN / m 2 )
Internal friction angle:
Standard value: tc = 12.079 o
Calculated value:
 Itt  10.259o 13.874o
 IItt  11.034o 13.115o
 Below GWL:
Gs  e 2.69  0.65
- Layer 1  sat  w  10  20.242kN / m3
1 e 1  0.65
(0 m - 2.8 m)
- Layer 2  sat  20.372kN / m3

(2.8 m - 11.7m)
- Layer 3  sat  20.486kN / m3
(11.7 m - 25.3 m)
- Layer 4  sat  19.88kN / m3
(25.3 m – 30.0 m)
2. Preliminary thickness of footing:
1 1 1 1
hs    Lmax     6   0.6 1
 10 6  10 6
% Choose hs = 0.7 m
3. Total footing’s length:

- Length of the edge section:
1 1 1 1
La    Lsidespan     4  1.0 2.0  m
4 2 4 2
 Choose La = 1.0 m
- Total length of the footing:

l = 1 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 4 + 1 = 21 m
4. Determination of the calculated loadings:

- Combination of column loads at the center of footings:
 Total vertical load: N tt   Nitt  2302  kN 
 Total horizontal load: H tt   H itt  70  kN 
 Total moment caused by vertical load:

M N   Ni di with di is the lever arm to the centroid of bottom of the strip
 430  9.5  506  5.5  506  0.5  455  5.5  405  9.5
 771 kNm 

 Total moment caused by horizontal load:

M H   H  h  70  0.7  49  kNm 
 Total moment affecting on the bottom of foundation:

M   M i  M H  M N  (39  33  33  33  42)  49  771  692  kNm 
5. Determination of the width, to ensure the ground’s stability:

- Assume the width b = 1m
- The bearing capacity of the soil: with sat = 20.242 kN/m3; cII = 20.292 kN/m2
 A  0.20585
m1  m2 
RII 
ktc
 Ab II  BD f  II  DcII  with φII = 11.034   B  1.83857
'
C  4.29925

With
 1  d1  ( 2  10)  d 2 19.6 1.2  (20.242  10)  0.8
 ' II    15.8568kN / m3
d1  d 2 1.2  0.8
 II   sat   w  20.242  10  10.242kN / m3
1 1
 RII  0.20585 1 (20.242  10)  1.83857  2 15.8568  4.29925  20.292
1
 147.6564kN / m2
- The preliminary area:

N tt
N tc 1.15  19.3113m2
Fsb  
RII   avg  h RII   avg  h
Freal  Fsb (1.1 1.4)  21.2424 27.0358

Freal 21.2424 27.0358
b   1.012 1.287(m)
L 21 21
󠄃 Try b = 1.5 m
- Check bearing capacity of the ground:
  bl  AI b I  BI h I ' DI cI 
With:

 The non-dimensional coefficient AI, BI, DI:

AI  n  i  
BI  nq  iq  q
DI  nc  ic  c
 tanφI = tan10.259= 0.181
 Bearing capacity coefficient:   0.55, q  2.56, c  8.4

H tt tt 70
tan  N  2302  0.168

 tan  I tan  I 0.181
 Loading slope coefficient: iγ = 1.0, iq = 1.0, ic = 1.0

 Effective dimension:

Mx
b  b  2eb  b  2  b  1.5(m)
N
M 692
l  l  2el  l  2 y  21  2   20.399(m)
N 2302
l
Effective dimension ratio: n   13.599
b
n  1  0.25 n  1.018
 Strip dimension ratio coefficient: nq  1  1.5 n  1.110
nc  1  0.3 / n  1.022
Therefore,
AI  1.025 1.0  0.54  0.553

BI  1.147 1.0  2.5  2.868
DI  1.029 1.0  8.4  8.647
 Bulk unit weight:

o At the footing’s bottom: γI’= γsat – γw = 20.242 – 10 = 10.242 kN/m3
  I   I '  10.242kN/ m3
 Cohesion: cI = 16.586 kN/m2

Therefore,
  2.0  20.399   0.553  2.0 10.242  2.868  2 10.242  8.647 16.586   8710.043(kN)
- Check equation to ensure the ground stability: with ktc = 2


N tt   ave hbl 
ktc
8710.043
 2302  22*2*2.0*21 
2
 4150  4355.022  Satisfied
- Check of condition of the elastic ground:
 pmax
tc
 1.2 RII

 pmin  0
tc
 p tc  R
 ave II

With
The maximum pressure at the bottom of footing:
N tt
tc
 1.15 1  6eb  6el    h  2302 /1.15 1  6  692   22  2  95.754 (kN/m2)
p   ave  
21 2.0  21 2302 
max
F  b l 
The minimum pressure at the bottom of footing:
N tt
tc
 1.15 1  6eb  6el    h  2302 /1.15 1  6  692   22  2  87.567 (kN/m2)
p   ave  
21 2.0  21 2302 
min
F  b l 
The average pressure at the bottom of footing
P tc max  P tc min
P tc ave   91.660 ( kN/m2)
2
The bearing capacity of the soil:
RII  127.01kN / m2
Therefore,
 pmax
tc
 95.754  1.2 RII  152.412


tc
pmin  87.567  0
 p tc  91.660  R  127.01
 ave II
 The ground is satisfied.

6. Preliminary the cross-section area
󠄃 The area of column

Ni ,max 506 103
Fcolumn    44000mm2
Rb 11.5
=> The area of column: bc  lc  21 21cm

bs
GWL
Df
hs = 700
Therefore, try bs  40cm  0.4m
hb
󠄃 Calculation the height of flange, hf
hf
b = 1500
Taken: hf = 200 mm = 0.2 m
7. Check the punching shear of trip footing
󠄃 Condition
Pxt  Pcx
󠄃 Calculations for a 1m-band of footing:

Draftly hb0 = 0.34m, protection layer a = 0.04m, assume  0.02m
1
* Pxt  2 pmax b  bs  2hb 0 
tt
 N  6 M y 
tt
N tt  6eb 6el
tt
p tt
 1    1  
 b  l  l  N tt
max
F  b l 
2302  6  692 
 pmax
tt
 1    79.356kN / m
2
1.5  21  21 2302 

1
 Pxt   79.356 1.5  0.3  2  0.34  20.633kN
2
* Pcx  0.75  Rk  hb0  0.75  0.9 103  0.36  243kN / m2
Pxt  20.633kN  243kN
Therefore, the punching shear is satisfied and hb0 = 0.34m is accepted
IV. Check of deformation:

1. Settlement at the center of footing: Condition S ≤ Slimit = 8 cm
a) Calculation of settlement pressure:

N tc
With γ* is calculated by: psettement   ( avg   * ) D f
F
 1  19.6kN / m3 d1
GWL
Df
 2  20.242kN / md32
hs = 700
b = 1500
 1  d1  ( 2  10)  d 2 19.6 1.2  (20.242  10)  0.8

*    15.8568kN / m3
d1  d 2 1.2  0.8
Therefore, N tt
 psettlement  1.15  (   * ) D
l b
avg f
2302
 psettlement  1.15  (22  15.8568)  2  59.947 kN / m 2
21 2
b) Calculation of settlement, S:
e1i  e2i
s   si    hi
1  e1i
+ Divide the soil layer below footing into many elements with: hi = 0.8 m
hi  (0.4 0.6)  b  0.8m 1.2m
+ Pressure before laying foundation:
p1i    iavg
 self   i Z i  e1i
+ Pressure after laying footing:
p2i  p1i   ziavg  e2i  zi  K0i  psettlement

K0i depend on the ratio of (z/b) and (l/b)
c) Choose sample for calculation of settlement:
+ Layer 1: (Depth: 0÷2.8m) Choose sample BH 1-1 with the depth from 1.8m to
2.0m for calculation of settlement from 2m to 2.8m
P
0 25 50 100 200 400 800
(kN/m2)
e 0.650 0.637 0.625 0.603 0.571 0.534 0.503
p-e Relationship
0.700
0.650
y = -5E-10x3 + 8E-07x2 - 0.0005x + 0.6498
0.600
0.550
0.500
0.450
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
+ Layer 2: (Depth: 2.8÷11.7m) Choose BH 1-5 with the depth from 9.8m to 10.0m
for calculation of settlement from 2.8m to 11.7m
P
0 25 50 100 200 400 800
(kN/m2)
e 0.646 0.632 0.620 0.598 0.568 0.540 0.503
p-e Relationship
0.700
0.650 y = -7E-10x3 + 1E-06x2 - 0.0006x + 0.6456
0.600
0.550
0.500
0.450
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

+Layer 3: (Depth: 11.7÷25.3m) Choose BH 1.8 with the depth from 15.8m to
16.0m for calculation of settlement from 11.7m to 25.3m
P
0 25 50 100 200 400 800
(kN/m2)
e 0.583 0.577 0.571 0.561 0.547 0.532 0.524
p-e Relationship
0.590
0.580
0.570 y = -2E-10x3 + 4E-07x2 - 0.0003x + 0.5829
0.560
0.550
0.540
0.530
0.520
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
+Layer 4: (Depth: 25.3÷30.0m) Choose BH 1-14 with the depth from 27.8m to
28.0m for calculation of settlement from 25.3m to 30.0m
P
0 25 50 100 200 400 800
(kN/m2)
e 0.660 0.653 0.647 0.636 0.623 0.614 0.606
p-e Relationship
0.670
0.660
y = -4E-10x3 + 6E-07x2 - 0.0003x + 0.6595
0.650
0.640
0.630
0.620
0.610
0.600
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
󠄃 The table of calculation for trip footing settlement:

Depth self z avgz  sat P1i P2i
Layer Element Z (m) L/b Z/b K0i 3
e1i e2i S (m)
(m) (kN/m2) 2 2 3 2 2
(kN/m ) (kN/m ) (kN/m ) (kN/m ) (kN/m ) (kN/m )
1 2 31.714 0 10.500 0 1 59.947 56.380 19.600 20.242 35.810 92.190 0.632 0.607 0.012226
1
2 2.8 39.9072 0.8 10.500 0.4 0.881 52.813 45.650 19.600 20.242 44.056 89.70553 0.628 0.608 0.009827
3 3.6 48.205 1.6 10.500 0.8 0.642 38.486 33.540 19.714 20.372 52.354 85.89387 0.624 0.609 0.007183
4 4.4 56.502 2.4 10.500 1.2 0.477 28.595 25.480 19.714 20.372 60.651 86.132 0.615 0.604 0.0054
PROJECT OF FOUNDATION
2 5 5.2 64.800 3.2 10.500 1.6 0.373 22.366 20.271 19.714 20.372 68.949 89.220 0.611 0.603 0.004204
6 6 73.098 4 10.500 2 0.303 18.176 16.710 19.714 20.372 77.246 93.957 0.607 0.601 0.003379
7 6.8 81.395 4.8 10.500 2.4 0.254 15.244 19.714 20.372
7
7
 self

 z 15.244
81.395
󠄃 Total settlement:
=> Stop calculation
 5.339  5
󠄃 It can be seen that at the 7th element,
S   si  0.0422m  4.22cm  8cm  Satisfied
HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547

35
PROF. LE BA VINH
2. Check the differential settlement

a) The analysis result from SAP2000, the settlement of five columns are showed
Column Displacements
U3
Column
(m)
A -0.029805
B -0.022897
C -0.017853
D -0.019647
E -0.026818
The displacement in vertical direction of five columns

b) The condition of differential settlement
S1  S 2
 0.002
a
Where: S1, S2 are the settlement of column 1 and 2
a: is the distance between two columns
Therefore,
S A  SB 0.029805  (0.022897)
  0.001727  0.002
LAB 4
S B  SC 0.022897  (0.017853)
  0.001009  0.002
LBC 5
SC  S D 0.017853  (0.019647)
  0.000299  0.002
LCD 6
SD  SE 0.019647  (0.02618)
  0.001793  0.002
LDE 4
 The differential settlement is satisfied

V. Determine the internal load of footing’s beam

- The software SAP2000 is used to determine the internal load of the footing’s
beam. The footing is placed in the elastic soil, so it is considered to be placed on
several spring restrains in the SAP2000’s model.
- The spring stiffness:
a
 At 2 edges: K1  Cz  b 
2
 At middle elements: K 2  Cz  b  a
With Cz is the vertical soil coefficient:

Psettlement 75.834
Cz    3357.255 (kN/m3)
0.5   S0 0.5  4.518 10 2
Therefore, K1  3357.255 1.5  0.1/ 2  251.7941 (kN/m)
K 2  3357.255 1.5  0.1  503.5882 (kN/m)
- The internal loads’ diagram determined by SAP2000 software:
Moment diagram from SAP2000
Shear force diagram from SAP2000

TABLE: Element Forces - Frames

Frame Station V2 M3 Frame Station V2 M3
Text m KN KN-m Text m KN KN-m
1 0 -7.941 -7.276E-12 106 0 223.043 25.4513
1 0.1 -7.941 0.7941 106 0.1 223.043 3.147
2 0 -23.724 0.7941 107 0 214.282 3.147
2 0.1 -23.724 3.1665 107 0.1 214.282 -18.2812
3 0 -39.411 3.1665 108 0 205.556 -18.2812
3 0.1 -39.411 7.1076 108 0.1 205.556 -38.8368
4 0 -55.002 7.1076 109 0 196.865 -38.8368
4 0.1 -55.002 12.6078 109 0.1 196.865 -58.5233
5 0 -70.495 12.6078 110 0 188.209 -58.5233
5 0.1 -70.495 19.6573 110 0.1 188.209 -77.3442
6 0 -85.892 19.6573 111 0 179.586 -77.3442
6 0.1 -85.892 28.2466 111 0.1 179.586 -95.3029
7 0 -101.193 28.2466 112 0 170.997 -95.3029
7 0.1 -101.193 38.3658 112 0.1 170.997 -112.403
8 0 -116.397 38.3658 113 0 162.439 -112.403
8 0.1 -116.397 50.0055 113 0.1 162.439 -128.646
9 0 -131.503 50.0055 114 0 153.911 -128.646
9 0.1 -131.503 63.1558 114 0.1 153.911 -144.038
10 0 -146.513 63.1558 115 0 145.412 -144.038
10 0.1 -146.513 77.8071 115 0.1 145.412 -158.579
11 0 268.575 116.8071 116 0 136.94 -158.579
11 0.1 268.575 89.9497 116 0.1 136.94 -172.273
12 0 253.767 89.9497 117 0 128.494 -172.273
12 0.1 253.767 64.5729 117 0.1 128.494 -185.122
13 0 239.065 64.5729 118 0 120.07 -185.122
13 0.1 239.065 40.6664 118 0.1 120.07 -197.129
14 0 224.469 40.6664 119 0 111.668 -197.129
14 0.1 224.469 18.2195 119 0.1 111.668 -208.296
15 0 209.978 18.2195 120 0 103.284 -208.296
15 0.1 209.978 -2.7782 120 0.1 103.284 -218.624
16 0 195.593 -2.7782 121 0 94.917 -218.624
16 0.1 195.593 -22.3376 121 0.1 94.917 -228.116
17 0 181.314 -22.3376 122 0 86.563 -228.116
17 0.1 181.314 -40.469 122 0.1 86.563 -236.772
18 0 167.141 -40.469 123 0 78.22 -236.772
18 0.1 167.141 -57.1831 123 0.1 78.22 -244.594
19 0 153.072 -57.1831 124 0 69.886 -244.594
19 0.1 153.072 -72.4903 124 0.1 69.886 -251.583
20 0 139.107 -72.4903 125 0 61.558 -251.583

20 0.1 139.107 -86.401 125 0.1 61.558 -257.739

21 0 125.245 -86.401 126 0 53.232 -257.739
21 0.1 125.245 -98.9255 126 0.1 53.232 -263.062
22 0 111.484 -98.9255 127 0 44.906 -263.062
22 0.1 111.484 -110.0739 127 0.1 44.906 -267.553
23 0 97.825 -110.0739 128 0 36.577 -267.553
23 0.1 97.825 -119.8564 128 0.1 36.577 -271.21
24 0 84.264 -119.8564 129 0 28.241 -271.21
24 0.1 84.264 -128.2828 129 0.1 28.241 -274.034
25 0 70.8 -128.2828 130 0 19.896 -274.034
25 0.1 70.8 -135.3628 130 0.1 19.896 -276.024
26 0 57.433 -135.3628 131 0 11.538 -276.024
26 0.1 57.433 -141.1061 131 0.1 11.538 -277.178
27 0 44.16 -141.1061 132 0 3.164 -277.178
27 0.1 44.16 -145.522 132 0.1 3.164 -277.494
28 0 30.979 -145.522 133 0 -5.228 -277.494
28 0.1 30.979 -148.6199 133 0.1 -5.228 -276.971
29 0 17.889 -148.6199 134 0 -13.642 -276.971
29 0.1 17.889 -150.4088 134 0.1 -13.642 -275.607
30 0 4.888 -150.4088 135 0 -22.082 -275.607
30 0.1 4.888 -150.8977 135 0.1 -22.082 -273.399
31 0 -8.026 -150.8977 136 0 -30.551 -273.399
31 0.1 -8.026 -150.0951 136 0.1 -30.551 -270.344
32 0 -20.854 -150.0951 137 0 -39.05 -270.344
32 0.1 -20.854 -148.0096 137 0.1 -39.05 -266.439
33 0 -33.6 -148.0096 138 0 -47.585 -266.439
33 0.1 -33.6 -144.6497 138 0.1 -47.585 -261.68
34 0 -46.263 -144.6497 139 0 -56.157 -261.68
34 0.1 -46.263 -140.0233 139 0.1 -56.157 -256.065
35 0 -58.847 -140.0233 140 0 -64.77 -256.065
35 0.1 -58.847 -134.1386 140 0.1 -64.77 -249.588
36 0 -71.353 -134.1386 141 0 -73.427 -249.588
36 0.1 -71.353 -127.0033 141 0.1 -73.427 -242.245
37 0 -83.782 -127.0033 142 0 -82.13 -242.245
37 0.1 -83.782 -118.6251 142 0.1 -82.13 -234.032
38 0 -96.137 -118.6251 143 0 -90.883 -234.032
38 0.1 -96.137 -109.0114 143 0.1 -90.883 -224.944
39 0 -108.418 -109.0114 144 0 -99.688 -224.944
39 0.1 -108.418 -98.1697 144 0.1 -99.688 -214.975
40 0 -120.626 -98.1697 145 0 -108.547 -214.975
40 0.1 -120.626 -86.107 145 0.1 -108.547 -204.12
41 0 -132.765 -86.107 146 0 -117.464 -204.12

41 0.1 -132.765 -72.8306 146 0.1 -117.464 -192.374

42 0 -144.833 -72.8306 147 0 -126.44 -192.374
42 0.1 -144.833 -58.3473 147 0.1 -126.44 -179.73
43 0 -156.833 -58.3473 148 0 -135.478 -179.73
43 0.1 -156.833 -42.664 148 0.1 -135.478 -166.182
44 0 -168.765 -42.664 149 0 -144.58 -166.182
44 0.1 -168.765 -25.7875 149 0.1 -144.58 -151.724
45 0 -180.629 -25.7875 150 0 -153.748 -151.724
45 0.1 -180.629 -7.7246 150 0.1 -153.748 -136.349
46 0 -192.427 -7.7246 151 0 -162.983 -136.349
46 0.1 -192.427 11.5181 151 0.1 -162.983 -120.051
47 0 -204.158 11.5181 152 0 -172.288 -120.051
47 0.1 -204.158 31.9339 152 0.1 -172.288 -102.822
48 0 -215.823 31.9339 153 0 -181.663 -102.822
48 0.1 -215.823 53.5161 153 0.1 -181.663 -84.6555
49 0 -227.421 53.5161 154 0 -191.111 -84.6555
49 0.1 -227.421 76.2582 154 0.1 -191.111 -65.5445
50 0 -238.951 76.2582 155 0 -200.631 -65.5445
50 0.1 -238.951 100.1533 155 0.1 -200.631 -45.4814
51 0 255.586 133.1533 156 0 -210.226 -45.4814
51 0.1 255.586 107.5947 156 0.1 -210.226 -24.4588
52 0 244.199 107.5947 157 0 -219.895 -24.4588
52 0.1 244.199 83.1748 157 0.1 -219.895 -2.4693
53 0 232.889 83.1748 158 0 -229.639 -2.4693
53 0.1 232.889 59.886 158 0.1 -229.639 20.4945
54 0 221.656 59.886 159 0 -239.458 20.4945
54 0.1 221.656 37.7203 159 0.1 -239.458 44.4403
55 0 210.502 37.7203 160 0 -249.352 44.4403
55 0.1 210.502 16.6702 160 0.1 -249.352 69.3755
56 0 199.426 16.6702 161 0 195.679 36.3755
56 0.1 199.426 -3.2724 161 0.1 195.679 16.8076
57 0 188.428 -3.2724 162 0 185.642 16.8076
57 0.1 188.428 -22.1153 162 0.1 185.642 -1.7567
58 0 177.509 -22.1153 163 0 175.538 -1.7567
58 0.1 177.509 -39.8662 163 0.1 175.538 -19.3104
59 0 166.668 -39.8662 164 0 165.365 -19.3104
59 0.1 166.668 -56.533 164 0.1 165.365 -35.8469
60 0 155.904 -56.533 165 0 155.123 -35.8469
60 0.1 155.904 -72.1234 165 0.1 155.123 -51.3592
61 0 145.216 -72.1234 166 0 144.812 -51.3592
61 0.1 145.216 -86.645 166 0.1 144.812 -65.8404
62 0 134.604 -86.645 167 0 134.432 -65.8404

62 0.1 134.604 -100.1055 167 0.1 134.432 -79.2836

63 0 124.067 -100.1055 168 0 123.981 -79.2836
63 0.1 124.067 -112.5121 168 0.1 123.981 -91.6817
64 0 113.603 -112.5121 169 0 113.458 -91.6817
64 0.1 113.603 -123.8724 169 0.1 113.458 -103.028
65 0 103.21 -123.8724 170 0 102.863 -103.028
65 0.1 103.21 -134.1934 170 0.1 102.863 -113.314
66 0 92.888 -134.1934 171 0 92.193 -113.314
66 0.1 92.888 -143.4822 171 0.1 92.193 -122.533
67 0 82.635 -143.4822 172 0 81.448 -122.533
67 0.1 82.635 -151.7457 172 0.1 81.448 -130.678
68 0 72.448 -151.7457 173 0 70.626 -130.678
68 0.1 72.448 -158.9905 173 0.1 70.626 -137.741
69 0 62.327 -158.9905 174 0 59.725 -137.741
69 0.1 62.327 -165.2232 174 0.1 59.725 -143.713
70 0 52.269 -165.2232 175 0 48.744 -143.713
70 0.1 52.269 -170.4501 175 0.1 48.744 -148.588
71 0 42.272 -170.4501 176 0 37.682 -148.588
71 0.1 42.272 -174.6773 176 0.1 37.682 -152.356
72 0 32.335 -174.6773 177 0 26.535 -152.356
72 0.1 32.335 -177.9108 177 0.1 26.535 -155.009
73 0 22.455 -177.9108 178 0 15.303 -155.009
73 0.1 22.455 -180.1562 178 0.1 15.303 -156.539
74 0 12.63 -180.1562 179 0 3.983 -156.539
74 0.1 12.63 -181.4192 179 0.1 3.983 -156.938
75 0 2.858 -181.4192 180 0 -7.426 -156.938
75 0.1 2.858 -181.705 180 0.1 -7.426 -156.195
76 0 -6.863 -181.705 181 0 -18.926 -156.195
76 0.1 -6.863 -181.0186 181 0.1 -18.926 -154.303
77 0 -16.536 -181.0186 182 0 -30.52 -154.303
77 0.1 -16.536 -179.3651 182 0.1 -30.52 -151.251
78 0 -26.162 -179.3651 183 0 -42.208 -151.251
78 0.1 -26.162 -176.7489 183 0.1 -42.208 -147.03
79 0 -35.743 -176.7489 184 0 -53.994 -147.03
79 0.1 -35.743 -173.1746 184 0.1 -53.994 -141.63
80 0 -45.282 -173.1746 185 0 -65.877 -141.63
80 0.1 -45.282 -168.6464 185 0.1 -65.877 -135.043
81 0 -54.78 -168.6464 186 0 -77.862 -135.043
81 0.1 -54.78 -163.1684 186 0.1 -77.862 -127.256
82 0 -64.241 -163.1684 187 0 -89.948 -127.256
82 0.1 -64.241 -156.7443 187 0.1 -89.948 -118.262
83 0 -73.664 -156.7443 188 0 -102.137 -118.262

83 0.1 -73.664 -149.3779 188 0.1 -102.137 -108.048

84 0 -83.054 -149.3779 189 0 -114.432 -108.048
84 0.1 -83.054 -141.0725 189 0.1 -114.432 -96.6046
85 0 -92.41 -141.0725 190 0 -126.833 -96.6046
85 0.1 -92.41 -131.8315 190 0.1 -126.833 -83.9213
86 0 -101.735 -131.8315 191 0 -139.342 -83.9213
86 0.1 -101.735 -121.658 191 0.1 -139.342 -69.9871
87 0 -111.031 -121.658 192 0 -151.959 -69.9871
87 0.1 -111.031 -110.5549 192 0.1 -151.959 -54.7912
88 0 -120.299 -110.5549 193 0 -164.687 -54.7912
88 0.1 -120.299 -98.5251 193 0.1 -164.687 -38.3225
89 0 -129.539 -98.5251 194 0 -177.524 -38.3225
89 0.1 -129.539 -85.5711 194 0.1 -177.524 -20.5701
90 0 -138.755 -85.5711 195 0 -190.473 -20.5701
90 0.1 -138.755 -71.6956 195 0.1 -190.473 -1.5229
91 0 -147.946 -71.6956 196 0 -203.533 -1.5229
91 0.1 -147.946 -56.901 196 0.1 -203.533 18.8304
92 0 -157.113 -56.901 197 0 -216.704 18.8304
92 0.1 -157.113 -41.1897 197 0.1 -216.704 40.5008
93 0 -166.258 -41.1897 198 0 -229.987 40.5008
93 0.1 -166.258 -24.5639 198 0.1 -229.987 63.4996
94 0 -175.381 -24.5639 199 0 -243.382 63.4996
94 0.1 -175.381 -7.0258 199 0.1 -243.382 87.8378
95 0 -184.481 -7.0258 200 0 -256.887 87.8378
95 0.1 -184.481 11.4223 200 0.1 -256.887 113.5265
96 0 -193.561 11.4223 201 0 134.497 71.5265
96 0.1 -193.561 30.7784 201 0.1 134.497 58.0768
97 0 -202.618 30.7784 202 0 120.778 58.0768
97 0.1 -202.618 51.0402 202 0.1 120.778 45.9989
98 0 -211.654 51.0402 203 0 106.956 45.9989
98 0.1 -211.654 72.2056 203 0.1 106.956 35.3034
99 0 -220.667 72.2056 204 0 93.031 35.3034
99 0.1 -220.667 94.2723 204 0.1 93.031 26.0003
100 0 -229.658 94.2723 205 0 79.003 26.0003
100 0.1 -229.658 117.2381 205 0.1 79.003 18.1
101 0 267.375 150.2381 206 0 64.872 18.1
101 0.1 267.375 123.5005 206 0.1 64.872 11.6128
102 0 258.441 123.5005 207 0 50.639 11.6128
102 0.1 258.441 97.6564 207 0.1 50.639 6.5489
103 0 249.539 97.6564 208 0 36.303 6.5489
103 0.1 249.539 72.7025 208 0.1 36.303 2.9187
104 0 240.672 72.7025 209 0 21.864 2.9187

104 0.1 240.672 48.6353 209 0.1 21.864 0.7322

105 0 231.84 48.6353 210 0 7.322 0.7322
105 0.1 231.84 25.4513 210 0.1 7.322 -1E-11
VI. Calculation of steel bars

1. Horizontal direction: (consider 1m-band of footing)
󠄃 Maximum bending moment:
 b  bs  b  bs 
M I  I  pmax
tt
1m    
 2  4 
1
 M I  I   79.356 1m  1.5  0,3  14.28 kNm/m
2
8
󠄃 Area of steel bars:
M I I 14.28 106
Fa    179.49 mm2/m
0.9  Ra  hb 0 0.9  260  340
󠄃 Choose ∅12 with As = 113 mm2

179.49
▪ Number of steel bar: n  1.59  n  2
113
1000
▪ Spacing: a   500mm
2
Therefore, choose ∅12𝑎200
2. Longitudinal direction: (𝛾𝑏 = 0.9 TCVN 5574:2018-6.1.2.3)
󠄃 Maximum moment:
From the moment diagram from SAP2000, the maximum positive moment occurs at
Section 6-6 and the maximum negative moment occurs at Section 5-5 (column C).
* Determine the neutral axis location:
M f   b Rbbh f (d assume  0.5h f )
 M f  0.9  11.5  1500  200  (640  0.5  200)
 M f  1676.7(kNm)
And, Mf = 1676.7 kNm > M max

positive
 = 277.494 kNm
=> The neutral axis is in the flange for all cases.

3
5
4 4
a) Calculation the first type of steel bars (steel bars number 1):
- Using the positive moment to calculate these steel bars.
- Using T-shape with big rectangular model for calculation because the neutral axis
is in the flange and dimension of big rectangular are h x bs (700 x 1500) mm.
- The maximum positive moment at Section 6-6 with Mmax = 277.494 kNm
- Calculating 𝛼𝑚 and 
M 277.494 106
m    0.044
 b Rbbd assume 2 0.9 11.5 1500  6402
  1  1  2 m  1  1  2  0.044  0.045
- The area of steel bar:

 b Rbbd assume 0.045  0.9 11.5 1500  640 2
As    1706 mm
Rs 260
As, req 1706

   0.888%
bd req 300  640
min  0.1% TCVN 5574:2018 (10.3.3.1)

- Choose 2∅25 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2∅20, 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐴𝑠 = 1610 𝑚𝑚2
25 25
2 F 25 (h  Cnom  dlink  )  2 F18 (h  Cnom  dlink  25  smin 
d pro 
F a
si i
 2 2
)
F si 2 F 25  2 F 25
 d pro 

2  491 700  40  10  25
2  
 2  491 700  40  10  25  30  25
2  610mm
2  491  2  491
- Check moment capacity:
Rs As , pro 260 1963
   0.0539
 b Rbbd pro 0.9 11.5 1500  610

 m   (1  0.5 )  0.0539  (1  0.5  0.0539)  0.0524
Therefore,
M rd   m b Rbbd pro
2
 0.0524  0.9 11.5 1500  6102 106  302.943kNm
M rd  M 302.943  277.494
M   100  8.4% : Satisfied
M rd 302.943
Provide
As
Section
M
m  % Number As
( ) (mm2) 1(mm) 2(mm) % ( ) (%)
of bar ( ) s (mm) (mm2)
Sec 2-2 150.90 0.024 0.024 918 0.478 4 22 14 625 156 1068 0.569 171.110 11.81
Sec 4-4 181.70 0.029 0.029 1108 0.577 4 22 16 622 156 1162 0.623 184.994 1.78
Sec 6-6 277.49 0.044 0.045 1706 0.888 4 25 25 610 150 1963 1.073 302.943 8.40
Sec 8-8 156.94 0.025 0.025 955 0.497 2 25 0 638 150 982 0.513 160.667 2.32
b) Calculation the second type of steel bars (steel bars number 2):
- Using the negative moment to calculate these steel bars.
- Using T-shape with small rectangular model for calculation because the neutral
axis is in the flange and dimension of big rectangular are h x bs (700 x 300) mm.
- Calculation method is the same with method for calculation of steel bar number 1
Provide
Section
M m  As % Number s (mm) As (%)
( ) (mm2)  (mm) 2 (mm) % ( )
of bar 1 ( ) in web (mm2)
Sec 1-1 116.81 0.092 0.097 738 0.384 4 20 12 640 160 854 0.445 135.849 14.01
Sec 3-3 133.15 0.105 0.111 847 0.441 4 20 12 640 160 854 0.445 135.849 1.99
Sec 5-5 150.24 0.118 0.126 964 0.502 4 20 16 640 160 1030 0.536 161.848 7.17
Sec 7-7 69.38 0.055 0.056 429 0.223 2 18 0 641 164 509 0.265 83.036 16.45
Sec 9-9 113.53 0.089 0.094 716 0.373 4 18 12 641 164 735 0.382 118.074 3.85
c) Calculation the thirst type of steel bars (stirrup bars number 3):
- The maximum shear force in the beam of footing: Qmax=268.575 kN (section 1-1)
- Check the calculated condition of compressive resistance of reinforced concrete:
Q  268.575kN  b3 b Rbbd pro  0.3  0.9 11.5  300  640  596,160kN  Satisfied
(𝜑𝑏3 : The effected coefficient of stressed characteristic of concrete, taken by 0.3)

- Check shear resistance without stirrups:

Qb,1  0.5 b Rbt bd pro  0.5  0.9  0.9  300  640  77.760kN
It can be seen that, Qmax ≥ Qb,1 => Concrete cannot resist shear force.
- Arrangement the stirrup bars for the beam of footing:
1.5 b Rbt bd pro
2
Q  Qb  Qsw   0.75qswC
C
▪ Choose the stirrup bars: ∅10,

▪ The number of vertical reinforcement: n = 2 => Asw = 157 mm2
▪ Determine the spacing of stirrups
0.9  300  6402
2
Rbt bd pro
sw,max    412mm
Q 268.575 103
4.5 b Rbt bd pro
2
4.5  0.9  0.9  300  6402
sw,tt  RI , sw Asw   210 157  205mm
Q2 268.5752
d pro
  640  320
sw,ct  2 2  sw,ct  300mm

 300
Therefore,
 sw,tt  205mm

s1  min  sw,max  412mm
 s  300mm
 w,ct
Choose s1 = 100 mm, arrange in L/4 from support.
▪ Determine the force in horizontal steel bars in a unit length:
Rsw Asw 210 157

qsw    329.7 N / mm
s 100
▪ The dangerous length of inclined cross section
2 b Rbt bd pro
2
2  0.9  0.9  300  6402
C   777.032
qsw 329.7
▪ The value of C is belong to:

d pro  C  2d pro  C1  C  C2

▪ Check shear resistance after reinforcing stirrups

1.5 b Rbt bd pro
2
Q    0.75qswC2
C1
1.5  0.9  0.9  300  6402
 Q    0.75  329.7  777.032
777.032
 Q   384.281kN
It can be seen that,

Q  384.281kN  Qmax  268.575kN  Satisfied
Therefore, the beam of trip foundation is no failure.
▪ At mid span 0.75d pro  480
sct  min   sct  300mm
 300
Choose s2 = 200mm, arrange in mid-span
d) Calculation the fourth type of steel bars (steel bars number 4)
- Depending on steel bars number 2 to satisfy with conditions:
+ The percentage in web 70% and 30% in flange
+ Spacing of these steel bars is 100~200 mm
e) Calculation the fifth type of steel bars (steel bars number 5)
- Choose 2∅12. Because the hb = 0.7 m (TCVN 5574:2018 10.4.13)
3. Check the anchorage and lap length
- The checking result of anchorage: (TCVN 5574:2018 10.3.5)
▪ Calculate 𝑅𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑑 : the calculated cohesion strength of reinforcement with concrete
Rbond  12 Rbt
Where: 1 , 2 are coefficient in TCVN 5574:2018

1 = 2 and 2 = 1
▪ Calculate 𝐿0,𝑎𝑛 : the standard anchor length
Rs As
L0,an 
Rbond us
Where:
As is area of cross-section of one steel bar
us is perimeter of cross-section of one steel bar

▪ Calculate 𝐿𝑎𝑛 : the calculated anchor length

As ,cal
Lan  1 L0,an
As ,ef
Where
𝛼1 = 1 for steel bar in compression side
𝛼2 = 0.75 for steel bar in tension side
𝐴𝑠,𝑐𝑎𝑙
=1
𝐴𝑠,𝑒𝑓
 Rbond L0,an Lan Choose L

(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
25 1.8 903 677 680
22 1.8 794 596 600
20 1.8 722 722 730
18 1.8 650 650 650
The table of result
- The checking of lap: (TCVN 5574:2018 10.3.6.2)

▪ Calculate the lap length:
As ,cal
Llap   2 L0,an
As ,ef
Where:
𝛼2 = 0.9 for steel bar in compression side
𝛼2 = 1.2 for steel bar in tension side
25 & 25 22 & 22 25 & 22 20 & 20 20 & 18 18 & 18
Llap
1083 953 1083 650 650 585
(mm)
Choose L
1100 960 1100 650 600 590
(mm)
Table of result

PART 2: STRIP FOUNDATION DESIGN
I. Input data:
1. Diagram of columns:
2. The applied loads
a. Calculated values:
Vertical force Bending moment Horizontal force

Ntt (kN) Mtt (kNm) Htt (kN)
3102 263 315
b. Standard values:
Vertical force Bending moment Horizontal force

Ntc (kN) Mtc (kNm) Htc (kN)
2697.4 228.7 273.9
3. Materials
- Concrete B20: for pile cap

- Concrete B30 for pile


- Standard factor:
Overloading factor: n = 1.15
Average density between concrete and soil: γave = 22 kN/m2
- Reinforcement: CB300-V (TCVN 5574:2018)
- Reinforcement: CB300-T (TCVN 5574:2018)
4. Soil properties:
- Ground water level is
- The summary of soil properties:
Thickness γtt γsat ctt

Layer Gs e φtt Ip
(m) (kN/m3) (kN/m ) (kN/m2)
3
0 2.2 20 - - - - - -
1 7.9 14.9 2.63 2.16 15.2 6 2.4 0.3
2 2.9 19.4 2.68 0.756 19.6 15.9 16.55 0.29
4 7.5 19.25 2.7 0.686 20.1 12 24.86 0.086
5 2 19.8 2.68 0.578 20.6 0 0 0
6 13.4 19.3 2.67 0.631 20.2 6.7 26.1 0.046
7 5.1 19.2 2.68 0.794 19.4 17.9 17.08 0.176
8a 2.9 19.5 2.68 0.732 19.7 17.8 16.95 0.15
8 7.9 20.2 2.71 0.595 20.7 36.6 20.83 0.198
9 2.2 19.6 2.69 0.663 20.2 13.1 22.2 0.096
10 24.5 19.6 2.66 0.59 20.4 6.3 26.07 0.04
11 1.5 19.6 2.66 0.557 20.7 2.4 29.05 0

0.0
GWL
Layer 0
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 15.2𝑘𝑁/𝑚3
Layer 1 C = 6 kN/m2
𝜑 = 2.4𝑜
Layer 2 C = 15.9 kN/m2

𝜑 = 16.55𝑜
Layer 4
C = 12 kN/m2
𝜑 = 24.86𝑜
Layer 5 C = 0 kN/m2
𝜑 = 0𝑜
Layer 6
C = 6.7 kN/m2
𝜑 = 26.1𝑜
II. Preliminary design:

1. Pile’s cap
The width of pile’s cap: 𝑏𝑐𝑎𝑝 = 2.5 m
The thickness of pile cap ℎ𝑐𝑎𝑝 = 1.5 𝑚
The embedded depth: 𝐷𝑐𝑎𝑝 = 3.0 m
→ The pile’s cap is construct in layer 1
The height of pile’s cap: ℎ𝑐𝑎𝑝 = 1.2 m

The requirement of embedded depth
𝜑 2×𝐻
𝐷𝑐𝑎𝑝,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.7 tan (45 − ) × √
2 𝛾𝑏
In which
𝜑: internal friction angle
𝛾: Bulk density
𝐻 = 𝐻 𝑡𝑡 = 315 𝑘𝑁
b: the width of pile’s cap
Therefore, the value of limited of embedded depth, 𝐷𝑓,𝑚𝑖𝑛
2.4𝑜 2 × 315
→ 𝐷𝑐𝑎𝑝,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.7 × tan (45 − )×√ = 2.76 𝑚
2 14.9 × 2.5
→ The chosen depth 𝐷𝑐𝑎𝑝 = 3.0 𝑚 is satisfied.

2. Pile
Choose the depth of foundation is closed to Borehole 1 with the depth of pile’s tip
is 29.4 m where the soil layer is medium clay sand: 𝐷𝑡𝑖𝑝 = 29.4 𝑚
Length of the pile into the pile’s cap: 𝑡1 = 0.1 𝑚
Length of the rebar anchored into the pile’s cap: 𝑡2 = 0.5 𝑚
Preliminary total length of pile:
𝐿 = 𝐷𝑡𝑖𝑝 − 𝐷𝑐𝑎𝑝 + 𝑡1 + 𝑡2 = 29.4 − 3.0 + 0.1 + 0.5 = 27 𝑚
Choose 3 segments with the length of each segment is 𝐿𝑠𝑒𝑔 = 9𝑚
Choose total length of pile is 𝐿 = 27𝑚
Choose the dimension of the pile is: 0.35x0.35 m with 𝐴𝑏1 = 0.1225 𝑚2
Try to use 4∅20 with 𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 1256.6 𝑚𝑚2
Check the ratio, 𝜇
𝐴𝑠𝑐 1256.6 × 10−6
𝜇= × 100 = × 100 = 1.03% ≥ 0.8% (𝑇𝐶𝑉𝑁)
𝐴𝑏1 0.1225
III. Determination of bearing capacity of pile
1. Bearing capacity of pile materials, 𝑷𝑽𝑳
′
𝑃𝑉𝐿 = 𝜑(𝛾𝑐𝑏 × 𝛾𝑐𝑏 × 𝑅𝑏 × 𝐴𝑏 + 𝑅𝑠𝑐 × 𝐴𝑠𝑡 )

In which,
𝑅𝑏 = 17 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑅𝑠𝑐 = 260 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 1608.8 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑏 = 𝐴𝑏1 − 𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 122500 − 1608.8 = 120891.2 𝑚𝑚2
′ ′
𝛾𝑐𝑏 , 𝛾𝑐𝑏 is the factor determined y national standard (𝛾𝑐𝑏 = 𝛾𝑐𝑏 = 1 for precast pile)
𝜑 is buckling factor determined by the slimness of pile
𝜑 = 1.028 − 0.0000288𝜆2 − 0.0016𝜆 For (28 ≤ 𝜆 ≤ 120)
𝜑=1 For (λ≤ 28)
𝐿𝑡𝑡
𝜆= 𝑟 = √𝐼⁄𝐴: inertia radius of pile’s cross section (m)
𝑟
𝑏4 0.354
𝐼= = = 1.251 × 10−3 𝑚4
12 12
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑏1 = 0.1225 𝑚2
1.251×10−3
→𝑟=√ = 0.101 𝑚
0.1225
 For installation process:
In which,
𝑙𝑑𝑐 : length of a pile segment = 9 m
Therefore, the values of λ for installation process is:
𝐿𝑡𝑡 𝑙𝑑𝑐 9
𝜆= = = = 89.11
𝑟 𝑟 0.101
Belong to case 1: (28 ≤ 𝜆 ≤ 120)

→ 𝜑 = 1.028 − 0.0000288𝜆2 − 0.0016𝜆 = 0.657

Conclusion, the bearing capacity of pile materials
′
𝑃𝑉𝐿,1 = 𝜑(𝛾𝑐𝑏 × 𝛾𝑐𝑏 × 𝑅𝑏 × 𝐴𝑏 + 𝑅𝑠𝑐 × 𝐴𝑠𝑡 )
= 0.657(17 × 121243.4 + 260 × 1256.6) = 1611.8 𝑘𝑁
 For working process:
In which,
𝑙1 : spacing between the pile cap and the fixed position
2
𝑙1 =
𝛼𝜀
𝛼𝜀 : factor of deformation
5 𝑘𝑏𝑝
𝛼𝜀 = √
𝛾𝑐 𝐸𝐼
k: factor determined by table A.1, TCVN 10304:2014

𝑏𝑝 : calculated width of pile (m)
𝑑 ≥ 0.8𝑚 → 𝑏𝑝 = 𝑑 + 1
{
𝑑 < 0.8𝑚 → 𝑏𝑝 = 1.5𝑑 + 0.5
𝛾𝑐 : factor determined by table A.2
E: elastic modulus of concrete (E= 24500 MPa)
I: inertia moment of cross section (I= 1251 x 106 mm4)
Because the pile lies on 5 layers:
- Layer 1 with IL = 0,3 and the length of pile in this layer t = 7.7 m (bun set nhao)
- Layer 2 with IL = 0.29 and the length of pile in this layer t = 2.9 m (set deo mem)

- Layer 4 with IL = 0.09 and the length of pile in this layer t = 7.5 m (cat deo)
- Layer 5 with IL = 0.0 and the length of pile in this layer t = 2.0 m (cat tho)
- Layer 6 with IL = 0.05 and the length of pile in this layer t = 6.9 m (cat deo)
Therefore, the factor k determined by:
Table A1-TCVN 10304:2014
12000 × 7.7 + 7000 × 2.9 + 7000 × 7.3 + 50000 × 2 + 7000 × 6.9

→𝑘=
7.7 + 2.9 + 7.3 + 2 + 6.9
= 11645.52
The calculated width of pile, 𝑏𝑝 :
With pile’s dimension 0.35x0.35 m → 𝑏𝑝 = 1.5 × 𝑑 + 0.5 = 1.025 𝑚
The factor 𝛾𝑐 determined by table A2, TCVN 10304:2014:

Table A2-TCVN 10304:2014
→ 𝛾𝐶 = 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟

Therefore, the factor of deformation 𝛼𝜀
5 𝑘𝑏𝑝 5 11645.52 × 1.025

→ 𝛼𝜀 = √ =√ = 0.783
𝛾𝑐 𝐸𝐼 1 × 3.25 × 107 × 1.251 × 10−3
2 2
→ 𝑙1 = = = 2.55 𝑚
𝛼𝜀 0.783
→ 𝐿𝑡𝑡 = 0.5𝑙1 = 0.5 × 2.55 = 1.275 𝑚
Therefore, the value of λ:
𝐿𝑡𝑡 1.275
𝜆= = = 12.62
𝑟 0.101
Belong to case 2: (𝜆 ≤ 28)
→𝜑=1

′
→ 𝑃𝑉𝐿,2 == 𝜑(𝛾𝑐𝑏 × 𝛾𝑐𝑏 × 𝑅𝑏 × 𝐴𝑏 + 𝑅𝑠𝑐 × 𝐴𝑠𝑡 )
= 1 × (17 × 121243.4 + 260 × 1256.6) = 2387.85 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑉𝐿 = min(𝑃𝑉𝐿,1 ; 𝑃𝑉𝐿,2 ) = min(1611.8; 2387.85) = 1611.8 𝑘𝑁
2. Bearing capacity of surrounding soils

Allowable bearing capacity of surrounding soils is determined as
QS Q
Qa   P W
FS S FS P
In which,
𝑄𝑆 = ultimate skin friction
𝑄𝑃 = end bearing resistance
𝑊 = self-weight of the pile
𝐹𝑆𝑆 = 1.5 ~ 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑆𝑃 = 2 ~ 3
a. Ultimate skin friction 𝑸𝒔
The piles penetrate into the soil layers with corresponding order:
Su fs,I
z ϒ σ'v Cu As,I Qs,I
Layer t ϕu (kN/m2 au (kN/m
(m) (kN/m3) (kN/m2) (kN/m2) 2 (m 2
) (kN)
) )
2.625 45.65 8.7 0.62 9.16 1.0 9.16 7.35 67.31
1 7.7 15.2
5.25 59.3 8.7 0.62 9.31 1.0 9.31 3.71 34.52
2 2.9 9.35 19.6 87 25.46 4.13 31.74 0.9 28.68 4.06 116.46
13.425 127.43 53.1 0 53.13 0.6 31.78 7.35 233.58
4 7.5 20.1
16.05 153.945 53.1 0 53.13 0.6 31.78 3.15 100.11
5 2 19.3 20.6 187.27 62.5 0 62.50 0.5 29.02 2.8 81.25
22.925 224.645 96.4 0 96.43 0.5 48.21 7.35 354.38
6 6.9 20.2
25.55 251.42 96.4 0 96.43 0.5 48.21 2.31 111.38
Total Qs (kN) 1099
b. End bearing resistance 𝑸𝑷 , following Meyerhof method

Qp  q p Ap
In which,
𝑞𝑝 = 𝑞𝑢 = 𝑐𝑁𝑐′ + 𝑞𝑁𝑞′

Therefore,
𝑄𝑝 = 𝐴𝑝 (𝑐𝑁𝑐′ + 𝑞𝑁𝑞′ )
Because the pile tip lie on layer 6 with 𝜑 = 26.1𝑜 , c = 6.7 kN/m2 and checking
figure 3.32 in the book “Nền móng” of Prof. Châu Ngọc Ẩn. The result of 𝑁𝑐′ and
𝑁𝑞′ are showed in below:
𝑁𝑐′ = 33.68
𝑁𝑞′ = 16.84
𝑞 = 𝜎𝑧′ = 15 × 1 + 1.2 × (15 − 10) + 7.9 × (14.9 − 10) + 2.9 × (19.4 − 10)
+ 7.5 × (19.3 − 10) + 2 × (19.8 − 10) + 6.9 × (19.3 − 10)
= 240.49 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝜋 × 0.0162
𝐴𝑝 = 0.35 × 0.35 − 8 × = 0.121 𝑚2
4
→ 𝑄𝑝 = 𝐴𝑝 (𝑐𝑁𝑐′ + 𝑞𝑁𝑞′ ) = 0.121(6.7 × 33.68 + 240.49 × 16.84) = 517.34 𝑘𝑁
Therefore, the value of beating capacity of surrounding soils is calculated by formula:

𝑄𝑆 𝑄𝑝 1099 517.34
𝑄𝑎 = + −𝑊 = + − (25 − 10) × (26.4 × 0.35 × 0.35)
𝐹𝑆𝑆 𝐹𝑆𝑝 2 3
= 673.44 𝑘𝑁
 Summary: The value of load bearing capacity of pile is considered ae the
lowest value between bearing capacity of pile material (𝑃𝑉𝐿 ) and bearing
capacity of surrounding soils (𝑄𝑎 )
→ 𝑄 = min(𝑃𝑉𝐿 ; 𝑄𝑎 ) = min(1611.8; 673.44) = 673.44 𝑘𝑁
IV. Determine number of piles and the arrangement:
1. Choose number of piles
- Assume the pile cap with dimension 3.0 x 3.0
- Total load applied at bottom of pile cap:
∑ 𝑁 tt =N tt +F𝑑 ×γtb ×D𝑓 =3102+3.0×3.0×(22×1.0+(22-10)×2.0)=3516 kN
∑ 𝑀𝑦tt =M𝑦tt +Qtt𝑥 ×h=263+315×1.2=641 kNm
- Preliminary the number of piles in foundation

∑ 𝑁 𝑡𝑡 𝑁 𝑡𝑡 + 𝑊𝑑
𝑛=𝛽 =𝛽
𝑄 𝑄
In which.
𝛽 = 1.2 ~ 1.6
3516
→ 𝑛 = 1.6 × = 8.35
673.44
Choose n = 9
- Preliminary cross-section for column above:
𝑁 𝑡𝑡 3102 × 103
𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = = = 269739 𝑚𝑚2
𝑅𝑏 11.5
Choose section 550x550 with 𝐴𝑐 = 302500 𝑚𝑚2
2. Arrangement
400
1 4 7
1100
550
X
3000
550
2 5 8
1100
3 6 9
400
400 1100 1100 400

3000

3. Checking bearing resistance of pile in group:

a. Factor 𝛈
d  0.35 
  arctan   =arctan   =17.65
o
s  1.1 
 (n1 -1)×n 2 +(n 2 -1)×n1   (3-1)×3+(3-1)×3 

  1    =1-17.65×   =0.74
 90×n1×n 2   90×3×3 
Where,
n1 = number of row
n2 = number of piles in 1 row
b. Check bearing resistance of pile group
𝑄nc =Q × 𝑛1 × 𝑛2 ×η=673.44×3×3×0.74=4485.11 kN
∑ 𝑁 tt =N tt +F𝑑 ×γtb ×D𝑓 =3516 kN < 𝑄𝑛𝑐 = 4485.11 𝑘𝑁
Therefore, piles can resist applied loads in group

c. Check bearing resistance of single pile
 The load acting to each pile:
Pi(x,y) =
N tt  M x
±
tt
yi ±
 M tty
x i (kN)
n c  yi2  x i2
N tt  M y
tt
 Because of 𝑀𝑥 = 0, Pi,(x,y) = ± x i (kN)

n c  x i2
Verification of load applied to pile 1, 2 and 3

𝑥1 = 𝑥2 = 𝑥3 = −1.1 𝑚
Ntt ∑ Mytt 3516 641×1.1
P1 =P2 =P3 = ± x i = − =293.55 kN
nc ∑ xi2 9 6×(1.1)2
Verification of load applied to pile 2 and 5:
𝑥2 = 𝑥5 = 0 𝑚
Ntt ∑ Mytt 3516
P2 = P4 =P6 = ± 2 xi = =390.67 kN
nc ∑ xi 9
Verification of load applied to pile 3 and 6:
𝑥3 = 𝑥6 = 3𝑑 = 1.05 𝑚

𝑁tt ∑ 𝑀𝑦tt 3516 641×1.1

𝑃7 =𝑃8 =P9 = ± 𝑥 = + =487.78 kN
𝑛𝑐 ∑ 𝑥𝑖2 𝑖 9 6×(1.1)2
 Checking conditions:
𝑃max =487.78 kN ≤ 𝑄𝑎 =0.74×673.44=498.35 kN
{
𝑃min =298.32 kN > 0
Therefore, the single pile can resist bearing.
4. Check stability of surrounding soil and settlement
a. Determine the conventional volume of foundation: (Taking second limit state)
f tb =
φ l
i i
l i
φi ,li = internal friction angle and the thickness of layer i.
2.40 × 7.7 + 16.550 × 2.9 + 24.860 × 7.5 + 0 × 2 + 26.10 × 6.9

𝜑𝑡𝑏 =
7.7 + 2.9 + 7.5 + 2 + 6.9
= 16.04𝑜
16.04𝑜
→𝛼= = 4.01𝑜
4
Therefore,
𝐿𝑞𝑢 = 𝐵𝑞𝑢 = 𝐴1 + 2 × ∑ 𝑙𝑖 × tan(𝛼) = (3 − 0.45) + 2 × 26.4 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛(4.010 )
= 6.25 𝑚
𝐷𝑓′ = 𝐷𝑓 + ∑ 𝑙𝑖 = 3 + 26.4 = 29.4 𝑚

b. The condition of ground’s stability

 Checking for the equivalent foundation of pile foundation:
 tbtc  R tc
 tc
 max  1.2R
tc
 tc
 min  0
Where
 max,min 
N tc
qu
 
tc
M xtc M y
Fqu Wx Wy
 tb 
N tc
qu
Fqu
RII 
m1m2
ktc
 Abqu  B v'  DcII 
 Standard bearing resistance of surrounding soil below the convetional

volume of foundation, 𝑅𝐼𝐼
- Calculation for 𝐷𝑓′ 𝛾 ∗ :
𝐷𝑓′ 𝛾 ∗ = 𝜎′𝑣 = 20 × 1 + (20 − 10) × 1.2 + (15.2 − 10) × 7.9
+ (19.6 − 10) × 2.9 + (20.1 − 10) × 7.5
+ (20.6 − 10) × 2 + (20.2 − 10) × 6.9
= 268.25 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
- Taking value of 𝑚1 , 𝑚2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘𝑡𝑐 = 1

- The pile tip lies on layer 6 with 𝛾 𝐼𝐼 = 20.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 , 𝑐 = 6.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
 A  0.84
  26.1   B  4.37 (taking from Table 14 of TCVN 9362:2012
o
 D  6.9

Therefore, the result:
1×1
𝑅𝐼𝐼 = (0.84 × 6.25 × (20.2 − 10) + 4.37 × 268.25 + 6.9
1
× 6.7) = 1272.03 𝑘𝑁
 Area of cross-section of soil:

𝐹𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝐹𝑞𝑢 − 𝑛 × 𝐹𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒 = 6.252 − 9 × 0.352 = 37.96 𝑚2
 Weight of soil layer below the foundation

Wc   tb  D f  Fqu   22 1  (22  10)  2  6.25  6.25  1796.88kN
 Weight of 9 piles: 𝑊𝑑 with 𝐹𝑒𝑓𝑓
Layer hi(m) γtc (kN/m3) γtc.hi (kN/m2) γtc.hi(Fqu-Fpile) (kN)

1 7.7 15.2 40.04 1519.92
2 2.9 19.6 27.84 1056.81
4 7.5 20.1 75.75 2875.47
5 2.0 20.6 21.20 804.75
6 6.9 20.2 70.38 2671.62
Sum 235.21 8928.57
 For vertical load:
tc
∑ 𝑁 tt +W𝑐 +W𝑑
∑ 𝑁qu =
𝑛
3516+1796.88+8928.57
= =12383(kN)
1.15
 For moment:
tc
∑ 𝑀tt 609.5
∑ 𝑀qu = = = 530 (kN)
𝑛 1.15
 Determination bearing capacity below pile tip:
6.253
𝑊qu = =40.69 (𝑚3 )
6
𝑡𝑐 𝑡𝑐
𝑡𝑐
∑𝑁𝑞𝑢 ∑𝑀𝑞𝑢 12383 641
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = + = 2
+ = 332.76 (kN/m2 )
𝐹𝑞𝑢 𝑊𝑞𝑢 6.25 40.69
𝑡𝑐 𝑡𝑐
𝑡𝑐
∑𝑁𝑞𝑢 ∑𝑀𝑞𝑢 12383 641
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = − = − = 301.25 (kN/m2 )
𝐹𝑞𝑢 𝑊𝑞𝑢 6.252 40.69
𝑡𝑐
𝑡𝑐
∑𝑁𝑞𝑢 12383
𝜎𝑡𝑏 = = 2
= 317 (kN/m2 )
𝐹𝑞𝑢 6.25
 Checking for condition

𝜎tb = 317 (kN/m2 )< R II = 1272.03 (kN/m2 )

{𝜎max =332.76 (kN/m2 )< 1.2R II =1526.44 (kN/m2 )
𝜎min =301.25 (kN/m2 ) >0
c. Settlement of equivalent foundation
Psettlement   tbtc    tc hi
→ 𝑃𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 317 − 235.21 = 81.79 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
- Divided thickness of sub soil layer h '   0.4 0.6  Bqu  3.16 4.74(m)
Because the recommended h’ is quite great, so choose h’ = 0.5 m

- Settlement is calculated by formula:
e1i  e2i
s   si   hi
1  e1i
With void ratio e1,e2 correspond to the p1, p2 from consolidation test
P
0 25 50 100 200
(kN/m2)
e 0.631 0.614 0.602 0.584 0.57
P1i    i  zi P2i  P1i   z  z  Pgl  K0
zi is the vertical distance from the bottom of the footing to half of the
l z
thickness of the divided element i. K0 is dependent on the ratios and :
b b
Because we have square foundation so l/b = 1
The results of calculation are shown in the table
Depth self z avgz P1i P2i

Layer Element Z (m) L/b Z/b K0i e1i e2i S (m)
(m) (kN/m2 2 2 2
(kN/m ) (kN/m ) (kN/m ) (kN/m ) 2
1 29.4 268.250 0 1.000 0 1 81.790 81.594 270.800 352.394 0.565 0.560 0.001694
2 29.9 273.35 0.5 1.000 0.080 0.995 81.397 80.514 275.900 356.4141 0.565 0.560 0.001672
3 30.4 278.450 1 1.000 0.160 0.974 79.631 77.962 281.000 358.9622 0.565 0.560 0.001619
6 4 30.9 283.550 1.5 1.000 0.24 0.933 76.294 73.873 286.100 359.973 0.564 0.560 0.001535
5 31.4 288.650 2 1.000 0.320 0.874 71.452 68.442 291.200 359.642 0.564 0.560 0.001422
6 31.9 293.750 2.5 1.000 0.400 0.800 65.432 62.193 296.300 358.493 0.564 0.560 0.001293
7 32.4 298.850 3 1.000 0.48 0.721 58.954 Total = 0.009

Based on the above table

 s  0.009 m = 0.9 cm < 8 cm
 The settlement requirement is satisfied
5. Verification of pile cap
a. Checking for punching shear
pcx  0.75Rk S failure

Where Rk = 1000 kN/m2
S failure   ho  bc   4ho  1.2  0.1  0.55   4  (1.2  0.1)  7.26m2
pcx  0.75 1000  7.26  5445kN
pxt   reactions of piles outside the failure surface
We can see that, the area of puching shear tower covers all the piles, it is not
necessary to check the punching shear of pile cap.
Therefore, the pile cap is satisfied with punching shear consition.
b. Checking of concrete shear resistance

Shear resistance condition: Q  b3 (1  n ) Rbt bh0
In which,
φb3 = 0.6
φn = 0
The shear force, Q:
Q = P7 + P8 + P9 = 487.78 × 3 = 1463.34 Kn
The shear resistance, Qrd:
𝑄𝑟𝑑 = 0.6 × (1 + 0) × 0.9 × 103 × 6.25 × (1.2 − 0.1) = 3712.5 kN > Q
→ Ensure for shear condition of concrete
6. Calculation of steel bars: Consider in 1m length for calculation.

a. Along X-axis:

The structural model is console beam with fixed end at edge of column, the load
acting on beam is reaction forces of piles
400
1 4 I 7
1100
550
X
3000
550
2 5 8
1100
3 6 9
I
400
400 1100 1100 400

3000
Y
 Moment about I-I axis
M I-I =  (Pi(net) ×ri )
In which,
Values of Pi,net are the net reaction forces of piles acting on piles cap
tt
N tt M y
Pnet   xi
n  xi2
ri is the lever arm from center of ith pile to the column edge
- Pile P7, P8, P9
P 7 89, net  3  332.76  998.28 kN

0.55
ri  1.1   0.825 m
2
- Total moment about I-I axis
M I  I  998.28  0.825  823.58 kNm

- Area of reinforcement
M I I 823.58 106
As    3200 mm2
0.9 Rs h0 0.9  260 1100
- Rebars quantity
4  3200
n  20.8
142  
 Choose 2114
- Check spacing of rebars
b 3000
s   143 mm  smin = 70mm < s < smax = 200 mm
n 21
→ 𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
b. Along Y- axis:
The structural model is console beam with fixed end at edge of column, the load
acting on beam is reaction forces of piles
400
1 4 7
1100
II II
X
3000
550
2 5 8
550
1100
3 6 9
400
400 1100 1100 400

3000
 Moment about II-II axis

Y
M I-I =  (Pi(net) ×ri )
In which,
Values of Pi,net are the net reaction forces of piles acting on piles cap

tt
N tt M y
Pnet   xi
n  xi2
ri is the lever arm from center of ith pile to the column edge
- Pile P1, P4, P7
P 1 4  7, net  301.35  317  332.76  951.11 kN

0.55
ri  1.1   0.825 m
2
- Total moment about I-I axis
M I  I  951.11 0.825  784.65 kNm
- Area of reinforcement
M I I 784.65 106
As    3048 mm2
0.9 Rs h0 0.9  260 1100
- Rebars quantity
4  3048
n  19.8
142  
 Choose 2014
- Check spacing of rebars
b 3000
s   150 mm  smin = 70mm < s < smax = 200 mm
n 20
→ 𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
7. Checking the pile’s transportation and installation
a. Transportation
Self-weight of the pile: q pile  kd  d 2  1.5  25  0.352  4.59kN / m

q 4.59
Moment at the support: M    0.3L    (0.3  9) 2  16.74kNm
2
2 2
q qL
Moment at mid span: M   (0.5L) 2    0.2 L   9.30kNm
2 2

b. Installation
4.59  L2
Support reactions: FB   29.53 kN
2  0.7 L
FA  4.59  L  FB  4.59  9  29.53  11.78 kN
Moment diagram:
→ Mmax = 16.74 kNm

c. Calculation of pile reinforcement
Assume a = 50 mm → dassume = h – a = 350 – 50 = 300 mm
 For positive bending moment:

𝑀max, positive 15.15×106

𝐴𝑠 = = =200 (mm2 )
0.9R 𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 0.9×280×300
 For negative bending moment:
𝑀max, negative 16.74×106
𝐴𝑠 = = =221 (mm2 )
0.9R 𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 0.9×280×300
Therefore, we choose 8∅16 at previous steps is satisfied with transportation and

installation condition.
d. Design hook
Applied load on hook: Pp  ql  4.59  9  41.34 kN
Pp 41.34 106
Rebar area for hook: Fa ,hook   FS  1.5  221 mm2
Ra 280000
Choose ∅18 with As = 254 mm2

The length of the hook into the pile:
Pp  FS 41.34 1.5
lanchor    1.1 m
Rk anchor 1000    0.018
Choose the pile hook is 1.6 m

8. Calculation for piles subjected to horizontal load

Shear force at bottom of pile cap: 𝑄 = 𝐻 𝑡𝑡 = 315 𝑘𝑁

Q 315
Shear force acting on 1 pile: H 0    35 kN
9 9
d4
Moment of inertia of pile cross-section: I   1.25 10 3 m4
12
Conventional length of pile: bp  1.5d  0.5  1.025 m
Factor K = 11645.52 kN/m4

Deformation factor:
kbp 11645.52 1.025

bd  5 5  0.783
 c EI 1 3.25 107 1.25 103
Equivalent length of pile in soil
le  bd  l  0.783  26.4  20.67 m
From the length of pile, we look up the below table to determine the value of A0, B0 and C0
 A0 = 2.441, B0 = 1.621, C0 = 1.751

a. Determine horizontal displacement y0 and rotational angle 𝛹0 at pile head:

Horizontal displacement caused bu unit stresses
1 2.441
 HH   A0   1.252 104 m/kN
  Eb  I
3
bd 0.783  3.25 10 1.25 10
3 7 3
1 1.621
 MH   A0   6.508 105 m/kN
  Eb  I
2
bd 0.783  3.25 107 1.25 103
2
1 1.751
 MM   A0   5.505 105 m/kN
  Eb  I
2
bd 0.783  3.25 10 1.25 10
5 3
Bending moment at the pile head

M tt 263
M0    29.22 kNm
n 9
Horizontal displacement and rotational angle of pile at ground surface
y0  H 0   HH  M 0   HM   35 1.252 104    29.22  6.508 105   0.0063 m
 0  H 0   MH  M 0   MM   25  6.508 105    29.22  5.505 105   3.89 103 rad
Horizontal displacement and rotational angle of pile at bottom of pile cap

Hl03 Ml02
  y0  0l0  
3Eb I 2 Eb I
H 0l02 Ml03
  0  
2 Eb I Eb I
L0 is the length of pile from pile cap bottom to ground surface. Because this case is low-
cap pile so l0 = 0
  = y0 = 0.0063 m
 = 0 = 3.8910-3 rad
b. Check the flexural moment and shear resistance capacity of pile

 Stresses along pile
K   M H 
z  ze  y0  A1  0 B1  2 0 C1  3 0 D1 
 bd   bd  bd Eb I  bd Eb I 
 Moment along the pile

H0
M z   bd2 Eb Iy0 A3   bd Eb I 0 B3  M 0C3  D3
 bd

 Shear force along the pile

Qz  bd3 Eb Iy0 A4  bd2 Eb I 0 B4  bd M 0C4  H0 D4
Where ze is the equivalent ze = αbdz with αbd =0.783
A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3, C1, C3, C4, D1, D3, D4 are looked up in table 2.20
Analyzing and calculating pile foundation
The results of stresses, bending moment and shear forces are show in table below:

 Calculated stress:
σzy
ze (m) z (m) A1 B1 C1 D1
(kN/m2)
0 0 1 0 0 0 0.000
0.1 0.13 1 0.1 0.005 0 8.640
0.2 0.27 1 0.2 0.02 0.001 15.859
0.3 0.4 1 0.3 0.045 0.005 21.735
0.4 0.53 1 0.4 0.08 0.011 26.333
0.5 0.67 1 0.5 0.125 0.021 29.748
0.6 0.8 0.999 0.6 0.018 0.036 30.328
0.7 0.93 0.999 0.7 0.245 0.057 33.376
0.8 1.07 0.997 0.799 0.32 0.085 33.786
0.9 1.2 0.995 0.899 0.405 0.121 33.390
1 1.33 0.992 0.997 0.499 0.167 32.446
1.1 1.47 0.987 1.095 0.604 0.222 30.840
1.2 1.6 0.979 1.192 0.718 0.288 28.645
1.3 1.73 0.969 1.287 0.841 0.365 26.150
1.4 1.87 0.955 1.379 0.974 0.456 23.458
1.5 2 0.937 1.468 1.115 0.56 20.594
1.6 2.13 0.913 1.533 1.264 0.678 19.883
1.7 2.27 0.882 1.633 1.421 0.812 14.364
1.8 2.4 0.848 1.706 1.584 0.961 12.044
1.9 2.53 0.795 1.77 1.752 1.126 8.230
2 2.67 0.735 1.823 1.924 1.308 5.305
2.2 2.93 0.575 1.887 2.272 1.72 0.002
2.4 3.2 0.347 1.874 2.609 2.105 -10.188
2.6 3.47 0.033 1.755 2.907 2.724 -8.194
2.8 3.73 -0.385 1.49 3.128 3.288 -10.715
3 4 -0.928 1.037 3.225 3.858 -12.979
3.5 4.67 -2.928 -1.272 2.463 4.98 -15.613
4 5.33 -5.853 -5.941 -0.927 4.548 -16.888

 Bending moment:
Mz
ze (m) z (m) A3 B3 C3 D3
(kNm)
0 0 0 0 1 0 29.22
0.1 0.13 0 0 1 0.1 33.68999
0.2 0.27 -0.001 0 1 0.2 38.00306
0.3 0.4 -0.005 -0.001 1 0.3 41.96914
0.4 0.53 -0.011 -0.002 1 0.4 45.62139
0.5 0.67 -0.021 -0.005 0.999 0.5 48.86425
0.6 0.8 -0.036 -0.011 0.998 0.6 51.69376
0.7 0.93 -0.057 -0.02 0.996 0.699 53.87909
0.8 1.07 -0.085 -0.034 0.992 0.799 55.57099
0.9 1.2 -0.121 -0.055 0.985 0.897 56.69669
1 1.33 -0.167 -0.083 0.975 0.994 56.98708
1.1 1.47 -0.222 -0.122 0.96 1.09 57.03559
1.2 1.6 -0.287 -0.173 0.938 1.183 56.66119
1.3 1.73 -0.365 -0.238 0.907 1.273 55.58218
1.4 1.87 -0.455 -0.319 0.866 1.358 54.08435
1.5 2 -0.559 -0.42 0.881 1.437 54.23262
1.6 2.13 -0.676 -0.543 0.739 1.507 50.07345
1.7 2.27 -0.808 -0.691 0.646 1.566 47.59413
1.8 2.4 -0.956 -0.867 0.53 1.612 44.81573
1.9 2.53 -1.118 -1.074 0.385 1.64 42.02447
2 2.67 -1.295 -1.314 0.207 1.646 39.01523
2.2 2.93 -1.693 -1.906 -0.271 1.575 32.6764
2.4 3.2 -2.141 -2.663 -0.941 1.352 26.50416
2.6 3.47 -2.621 -3.6 -1.877 0.917 20.33476
2.8 3.73 -3.103 -4.718 -3.408 0.197 6.122829
3 4 -3.541 -6 -4.688 -0.891 9.992824
3.5 4.67 -3.919 -9.544 -10.34 -5.854 2.212139
4 5.33 -1.614 -11.73 -17.91 -15.07 1.238243

 Shear force:
ze (m) z (m) A4 B4 C4 D4 Qz (kN)
0 0 0 0 0 1 35
0.1 0.13 -0.005 0 0 1 34.38569
0.2 0.27 -0.02 -0.003 0 1 32.83341
0.3 0.4 -0.045 -0.009 -0.001 1 30.32029
0.4 0.53 -0.08 -0.021 -0.003 1 27.137
0.5 0.67 -0.125 -0.042 -0.008 0.999 23.49342
0.6 0.8 -0.18 -0.072 -0.016 0.997 19.38957
0.7 0.93 -0.245 -0.114 -0.03 0.994 15.04746
0.8 1.07 -0.32 -0.171 -0.051 0.989 10.69989
0.9 1.2 -0.404 -0.243 -0.082 0.98 6.331061
1 1.33 -0.499 -0.333 -0.125 0.967 1.940169
1.1 1.47 -0.603 -0.443 -0.183 0.946 -2.24193
1.2 1.6 -0.716 -0.575 -0.259 0.917 -6.0901
1.3 1.73 -0.838 -0.73 -0.356 0.876 -9.71609
1.4 1.87 -0.967 -0.91 -0.479 0.821 -12.8648
1.5 2 -1.105 -1.116 -0.63 0.747 -15.9058
1.6 2.13 -1.248 -1.35 -0.815 0.652 -18.3612
1.7 2.27 -1.396 -1.643 -1.036 0.529 -17.5182
1.8 2.4 -1.547 -1.906 -1.299 0.374 -22.0313
1.9 2.53 -1.699 -2.227 -1.608 0.181 -23.4303
2 2.67 -1.848 -2.578 -1.966 -0.057 -24.2502
2.2 2.93 -2.125 -3.36 -2.849 -0.692 -24.9447
2.4 3.2 -2.399 -4.228 -3.973 -1.592 -31.7272
2.6 3.47 -2.437 -5.14 -5.355 -2.821 -22.6689
2.8 3.73 -2.346 -6.023 -6.99 -4.445 -20.1846
3 4 -1.969 -6.765 -8.84 -6.52 -16.9268
3.5 4.67 1.074 -6.789 -13.69 -13.83 -7.54544
4 5.33 9.244 -0.358 -15.81 -23.14 -1.19489

c. Check the moment resistance capacity

From the calculation table of bending moment, the maximum value is Mmax = 57.04 kN
Based on the indices about section and materials of piles, the moment capacity of pile is
+ Choose a = 50 mm
+  M   Rs As (h  a)  260 103 1609 103   0.35  0.05  125.5 kN
[M] = 125.5 kN > Mmax so the requirement of moment capacity is satisfied
d. Check the shear resistance of pile

+ Maximum shear force of pile Qmax 34.29 kN
+ Check the shear capacity of concrete
Qb  0.5  n  Rbt  b  ho  0.5 11200  0.35   0.35  0.05  63 kN
Qb = 63 kN > Qmax = 34.39 kN, so concrete is capable to the shear resistance. The piles do
not require stirrups for shear
+ The stirrups in piles are design as the constructive ones
 1m of pile head and pile tip are provided with 6a50, the following 1-meter
segments are provided with 6a100 and the others segment are provided with
6a200
 Reinforcement rebar net: 6a50
 Reinforcement bar at pile head: 25 with L = 900 mm
e. Check the ground stability of surrounding soil
 z  [ z ']  1 2
4
cos 
 v' tan  I   cI 
+ Based on the calculated results, the maximum horizontal stress of pile
 y ,max  33.79 kN/m at elevation -0.8m
+ Distance from surveyed position to ground surface z0 = 0.8 + 3 = 3.8 m, so the considered
point is in first soil layer
 v '  15 1  (15  10) 1.2  (15.2  10)   3.8  2.2   29.32 kN/m2

+ Choose 2 = 0.8; 1 = 1;  = 0.3; c = 15.9 kN/m3; φ = 16.55o
4
[ zy ]  12  v ' tan I   cI   45.01 kN/m
cos  I
  zy    max , so the surrounding soil stable
9. Checking by SAP200
k. Z
Cz =
𝑐
Where,
k is ratio factor (kN/m4), depqnding on Table A1
z is the depth of cross section pile in soil.
𝛾𝑐 working condition (taken = 3)
- Ground coefficient:
a
K 1 = K n = Cz b
2
K 2 = K 3 = ⋯ = K n−1 = Cz ba
a – spacing between points (chosen a = 0.1 m)

Displacement and bending moment diagram in SAP200

Shear force diagram

Table of result:
Frame Station OutputCase CaseType V2 M3
Text m Text Text KN KN-m
6 0 DEAD LinStatic -22.825 56.6986
6 0.05 DEAD LinStatic -22.825 55.8398
6 0.1 DEAD LinStatic -22.825 56.9811
7 0 DEAD LinStatic -17.128 56.9811
7 0.05 DEAD LinStatic -17.128 56.8374
7 0.1 DEAD LinStatic -17.128 50.6938
8 0 DEAD LinStatic -11.903 50.6938
8 0.05 DEAD LinStatic -11.903 51.289
8 0.1 DEAD LinStatic -11.903 51.8842
9 0 DEAD LinStatic -7.131 51.8842
9 0.05 DEAD LinStatic -7.131 52.2407
9 0.1 DEAD LinStatic -7.131 52.5973
10 0 DEAD LinStatic -2.791 52.5973
10 0.05 DEAD LinStatic -2.791 52.7368
10 0.1 DEAD LinStatic -2.791 52.8763
11 0 DEAD LinStatic 1.138 52.8763
11 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 1.138 52.8194
11 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 1.138 52.7625
12 0 DEAD LinStatic 4.676 52.7625
12 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 4.676 52.5287
12 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 4.676 52.295
13 0 DEAD LinStatic 7.844 52.295
13 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 7.844 51.9028
13 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 7.844 51.5106
14 0 DEAD LinStatic 10.661 51.5106
14 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 10.661 50.9775
14 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 10.661 50.4445
15 0 DEAD LinStatic 13.15 50.4445
15 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 13.15 49.787
15 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 13.15 49.1295
16 0 DEAD LinStatic 15.328 49.1295
16 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 15.328 48.3631
16 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 15.328 47.5967
17 0 DEAD LinStatic 17.216 47.5967
17 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 17.216 46.7359
17 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 17.216 45.8751
18 0 DEAD LinStatic 18.832 45.8751

18 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 18.832 44.9335

18 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 18.832 43.9919
19 0 DEAD LinStatic 20.196 43.9919
19 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 20.196 42.9821
19 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 20.196 41.9723
20 0 DEAD LinStatic 21.325 41.9723
20 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 21.325 40.906
20 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 21.325 49.8398
21 0 DEAD LinStatic 22.236 49.8398
21 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 22.236 56.728
21 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 22.236 56.6162
22 0 DEAD LinStatic 22.946 56.6162
22 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 22.946 56.4689
22 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 22.946 55.3215
23 0 DEAD LinStatic 23.472 55.3215
23 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 23.472 54.1479
23 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 23.472 52.9743
24 0 DEAD LinStatic 23.829 52.9743
24 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 23.829 51.7829
24 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 23.829 50.5915
25 0 DEAD LinStatic 24.031 50.5915
25 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 24.031 49.3899
25 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 24.031 48.1884
26 0 DEAD LinStatic 24.092 48.1884
26 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 24.092 46.9838
26 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 24.092 45.7792
27 0 DEAD LinStatic 24.027 45.7792
27 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 24.027 44.5778
27 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 24.027 43.3764
28 0 DEAD LinStatic 23.848 43.3764
28 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 23.848 42.184
28 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 23.848 40.9916
29 0 DEAD LinStatic 23.567 40.9916
29 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 23.567 39.8132
29 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 23.567 38.6349
30 0 DEAD LinStatic 23.196 38.6349
30 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 23.196 37.4751
30 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 23.196 36.3153
31 0 DEAD LinStatic 22.744 36.3153
31 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 22.744 35.1781
31 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 22.744 34.0409

32 0 DEAD LinStatic 22.223 34.0409

32 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 22.223 32.9298
32 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 22.223 31.8186
33 0 DEAD LinStatic 21.641 31.8186
33 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 21.641 30.7366
33 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 21.641 29.6545
34 0 DEAD LinStatic 21.008 29.6545
34 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 21.008 28.6041
34 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 21.008 27.5537
35 0 DEAD LinStatic 20.332 27.5537
35 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 20.332 26.5371
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192 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00119 0.00088
- -
192 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00119 0.00082
- -
192 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00119 0.00076
- -
193 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00114 0.00076
- -
193 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00114 0.00071
- -
193 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00114 0.00065
-
194 0 DEAD LinStatic -0.0011 0.00065
194 0.05 DEAD LinStatic -0.0011 -0.0006
-
194 0.1 DEAD LinStatic -0.0011 0.00054
- -
195 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00105 0.00054
- -
195 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00105 0.00049
- -
195 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00105 0.00044
- -
196 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00101 0.00044
- -
196 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00101 0.00039
- -
196 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00101 0.00034

- -
197 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00097 0.00034
- -
197 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00097 0.00029
- -
197 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00097 0.00024
- -
198 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00093 0.00024
- -
198 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00093 0.00019
- -
198 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00093 0.00014
-
199 0 DEAD LinStatic -0.0009 0.00014
-9.9E-
199 0.05 DEAD LinStatic -0.0009 05
-5.5E-
199 0.1 DEAD LinStatic -0.0009 05
- -5.5E-
200 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00087 05
- -1.1E-
200 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00087 05
-
200 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00087 3.2E-05
-
201 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00075 3.2E-05
-
201 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00075 7E-05
-
201 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00075 0.00011
-
202 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00065 0.00011
-
202 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00065 0.00014
-
202 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00065 0.00017
-
203 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00055 0.00017
-
203 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00055 0.0002
-
203 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00055 0.00023
-
204 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00046 0.00023
-
204 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00046 0.00025

-
204 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00046 0.00027
-
205 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00037 0.00027
-
205 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00037 0.00029
-
205 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00037 0.00031
206 0 DEAD LinStatic -0.0003 0.00031
206 0.05 DEAD LinStatic -0.0003 0.00032
206 0.1 DEAD LinStatic -0.0003 0.00034
-
207 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00023 0.00034
-
207 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00023 0.00035
-
207 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00023 0.00036
-
208 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.00036
-
208 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.00037
-
208 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.00038
-
209 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00011 0.00038
-
209 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00011 0.00039
-
209 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00011 0.00039
-6.5E-
210 0 DEAD LinStatic 05 0.00039
-6.5E-
210 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 05 0.00039
-6.5E-
210 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 05 0.0004
-2.2E-
211 0 DEAD LinStatic 05 0.0004
-2.2E-
211 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 05 0.0004
-2.2E-
211 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 05 0.0004
212 0 DEAD LinStatic 1.6E-05 0.0004
212 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 1.6E-05 0.0004
212 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 1.6E-05 0.0004
213 0 DEAD LinStatic 4.9E-05 0.0004
213 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 4.9E-05 0.0004

213 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 4.9E-05 0.00039

214 0 DEAD LinStatic 7.7E-05 0.00039
214 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 7.7E-05 0.00039
214 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 7.7E-05 0.00039
215 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.0001 0.00039
215 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.0001 0.00038
215 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.0001 0.00038
216 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00012 0.00038
216 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00012 0.00037
216 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00012 0.00036
217 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00014 0.00036
217 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00014 0.00036
217 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00014 0.00035
218 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00015 0.00035
218 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00015 0.00034
218 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00015 0.00033
219 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00016 0.00033
219 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00016 0.00033
219 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00016 0.00032
220 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.00032
220 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.00031
220 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.0003
221 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.0003
221 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.00029
221 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.00028
222 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00018 0.00028
222 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00018 0.00028
222 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00018 0.00027
223 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00018 0.00027
223 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00018 0.00026
223 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00018 0.00025
224 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00018 0.00025
224 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00018 0.00024
224 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00018 0.00023
225 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.00023
225 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.00022
225 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.00021
226 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.00021
226 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.00021
226 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.0002
227 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.0002

227 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.00019

227 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00017 0.00018
228 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00016 0.00018
228 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00016 0.00017
228 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00016 0.00016
229 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00015 0.00016
229 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00015 0.00016
229 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00015 0.00015
230 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00015 0.00015
230 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00015 0.00014
230 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00015 0.00013
231 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00014 0.00013
231 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00014 0.00013
231 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00014 0.00012
232 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00013 0.00012
232 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00013 0.00011
232 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00013 0.00011
233 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00013 0.00011
233 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00013 0.0001
233 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00013 9.5E-05
234 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00012 9.5E-05
234 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00012 8.9E-05
234 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00012 8.3E-05
235 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.00011 8.3E-05
235 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.00011 7.8E-05
235 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.00011 7.2E-05
236 0 DEAD LinStatic 0.0001 7.2E-05
236 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 0.0001 6.7E-05
236 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 0.0001 6.2E-05
237 0 DEAD LinStatic 9.4E-05 6.2E-05
237 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 9.4E-05 5.7E-05
239 0 DEAD LinStatic 8E-05 4.4E-05
239 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 8E-05 4E-05
239 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 8E-05 3.6E-05
10
0

246 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 3.7E-05 3E-07
-1.5E-
246 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 3.7E-05 06
-1.5E-
247 0 DEAD LinStatic 3.2E-05 06
-3.1E-
-4.7E-
-4.7E-
-6.1E-
-7.4E-
-7.4E-
-8.6E-
-9.7E-
-9.7E-
-1.1E-
-1.2E-
-1.2E-
10
1
-1.2E-
-1.3E-
-1.3E-
-1.4E-
-1.4E-
-1.4E-
-1.5E-
-1.5E-
-1.5E-
-1.6E-
-1.6E-
-1.6E-
-1.6E-
-1.6E-
-1.6E-
256 0 DEAD LinStatic 2E-06 05
-1.7E-
256 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 2E-06 05
-1.7E-
256 0.1 DEAD LinStatic 2E-06 05
-2.4E- -1.7E-
257 0 DEAD LinStatic 08 05
-2.4E- -1.7E-
257 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 08 05
-2.4E- -1.7E-
-1.8E- -1.7E-
-1.8E- -1.7E-
-1.8E- -1.6E-
10
2
-3.4E- -1.6E-
-3.4E- -1.6E-
-3.4E- -1.6E-
-4.8E- -1.6E-
-4.8E- -1.6E-
-4.8E- -1.6E-
-1.6E-
261 0 DEAD LinStatic -6E-06 05
-1.5E-
261 0.05 DEAD LinStatic -6E-06 05
-1.5E-
-7.1E- -1.5E-
-7.1E- -1.5E-
-7.1E- -1.4E-
-8.1E- -1.4E-
-8.1E- -1.4E-
-8.1E- -1.4E-
-8.9E- -1.4E-
-8.9E- -1.3E-
-8.9E- -1.3E-
-9.6E- -1.3E-
-9.6E- -1.2E-
-9.6E- -1.2E-
-1.2E-
266 0 DEAD LinStatic -1E-05 05
-1.1E-
10
3
-1.1E-
-1.1E- -1.1E-
-1.1E-
267 0.05 DEAD LinStatic 05 -1E-05
-1.1E- -9.6E-
-1.1E- -9.6E-
-1.1E-
-1.1E- -8.5E-
-1.2E- -8.5E-
-1.2E- -7.9E-
-1.2E- -7.3E-
-1.2E- -7.3E-
-1.2E- -6.7E-
-1.2E- -6.2E-
-1.2E- -6.2E-
-1.2E- -5.6E-
-1.2E-
-1.2E-
272 0 DEAD LinStatic 05 -5E-06
-1.2E- -4.3E-
-1.2E- -3.7E-
-1.2E- -3.7E-
-1.2E- -3.1E-
-1.2E- -2.5E-
-1.2E- -2.5E-
10
4
-1.2E- -1.9E-
-1.2E- -1.2E-
-1.2E- -1.2E-
-1.2E- -6.2E-
-1.2E-
10
5
10
6

Nenmong HNTTHAI

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Nenmong HNTTHAI

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HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

FALCUTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Student name: Ha Nguyen Thanh Thai

PART 1: STATISTIC OF SOIL PROPERTIES

content w and bulk density :

HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547 2

eliminated through the equation:

b. For bulk density ϒ, cohesion C and friction angle φ:

ρ is the accuracy factor   t for cohesion C and friction angle φ

HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547 3

 Checking the statistic:

=> Sample set selected

HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547 4

 Standard value and calculated value:

ii. Void ratio (e):

 Checking the statistic:

=> Sample set selected

 Checking the statistic:

HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547 5

 Check the result values:

HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547 6

● 𝑡𝑔𝐼 = 𝑡𝑔𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑡𝑔 ) = 0,214 (1 ± 0,153) = 0,181 ÷ 0,247

=> I = 10°16′ ÷ 13°51′

● 𝑐𝐼 = 𝑐 𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑐 ) = 25,525 (1 ± 0,35) = 16,586 ÷ 34,464 (kN/m2 )

● 𝑡𝑔𝐼𝐼 = 𝑡𝑔𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑡𝑔 ) = 0,214 (1 ± 0,089) = 0,195 ÷ 0,233

=> II = 11°01′ ÷ 13°07′

HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547 7

 Checking the statistic:

● v’ × σcm = 2,18 × 1,608 = 3,505 (n=7 % v’= 2,18)

HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547 8

ii. Void ratio (e):

 Checking the statistic:

● v’ × σcm = 2,18 × 0,043 = 0,094 (n=7 % v’= 2,18)

HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547 9

iii. Bulk density ():

 Checking the statistic:

● v’ × σcm = 2,18 × 0,271 = 0,591 (n=7 % v’= 2,18)

HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547 10

● γtt = γtc (1 ± ) = 19,93 (1 ± 0,011)= 19,714 ÷ 20,143 (kN/m3)

● γtt = γtc (1 ± ) = 19,93 (1 ± 0,0064)= 19,804 ÷ 20,054 (kN/m3)

 Check the result values:

HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547 11

● 𝑡𝑔𝐼 = 𝑡𝑔𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑡𝑔 ) = 0,239 (1 ± 0,092) = 0,217 ÷ 0,261

=> I = 12°14′ ÷ 14°37′

● 𝑐𝐼 = 𝑐 𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑐 ) = 23,621 (1 ± 0,257) = 17,574 ÷ 29,668 (kN/m2 )

● 𝑡𝑔𝐼𝐼 = 𝑡𝑔𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑡𝑔 ) = 0,239 (1 ± 0,057) = 0,225 ÷ 0,253

=> II = 12°42′ ÷ 14°10′

HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547 12

● 𝑐𝐼𝐼 = 𝑐 𝑡𝑐 (1 ± 𝑐 ) = 23,621 (1 ± 0,158) = 19,889 ÷ 27,353 (kN/m2 )

 Checking the statistic:

● v’ × σcm = 2,67 × 1,949 = 5,203 (n=16 % v’= 2,67)

HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547 13

 Standard value and calculated value:

 Checking the statistic:

● v’ × σcm = 2,67 × 0,0547= 0,146 (n=16 % v’= 2,67)

HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547 14

=> Sample set selected

 Standard value and calculated value:

 Checking the statistic:

● v’ × σcm = 2,67 × 0,374 = 0,999 (n=16 % v’= 2,67)

HA NGUYEN THANH THAI - 1652547 15

● γtt = γtc (1 ± ) = 20,25 (1 ± 0,008)= 20,081÷ 20,4193 (kN/m3)