Rak-54.

3200 Numerical methods in structural engineering 1

Home Exercise 5. Solution

Home Exercise 5.1 (i)

The weak form of the Home exercise problem 1.1:
Find u ∈ S such that a(u, û) = l(v) ∀û ∈ V , where

ZL
a(u, û) = AEu0 û0 dx, (1.1)
0

ZL
l(û) = bûdx + û(L)NL , (1.2)
0
 
 ZL 
S= u| (u0 )2 dx < ∞, u(0) = u0 , (1.3)
 
0
 
 ZL 
V = û | (û0 )2 dx < ∞, û(0) = 0 . (1.4)
 
0

The weak form of the Home exercise problem 1.2:

Find M ∈ S such that a(M, M̂ ) = l(M̂ ) ∀M̂ ∈ V , where

ZL
a(M, M̂ ) = M 0 M̂ 0 dx, (1.5)
0

ZL
l(M̂ ) = bM̂ dx + M̂ (L)P, (1.6)
0
 
 ZL 
S= M | (M 0 )2 dx < ∞, M (0) = M0 , (1.7)
 
0
 
 ZL 
V = M̂ | (M̂ 0 )2 dx < ∞, M̂ (0) = 0 . (1.8)
 
0

The weak form of the Home exercise problem 3.2:

Find T ∈ S such that a(T, T̂ ) = l(T̂ ) ∀T̂ ∈ V , where

ZL
a(T, T̂ ) = kT 0 T̂ 0 dx, (1.9)
0
Rak-54.3200 Numerical methods in structural engineering 2

ZL
l(T̂ ) = f T̂ dx, (1.10)
0
 
 ZL 
S= T | (T 0 )2 dx < ∞, T (0) = T0 , T (L) = TL , (1.11)
 
0
 
 ZL 
V = T̂ | (T̂ 0 )2 dx < ∞, T̂ (0) = 0, T̂ (L) = 0 . (1.12)
 
0

The weak form of the Software exercise problem 4:

Find T ∈ S such that a(T, T̂ ) = l(T̂ ) ∀T̂ ∈ V , where
Z
a(T, T̂ ) = (k∇T ) · ∇T̂ dA, (1.13)
Ω
Z Z
l(T̂ ) = f T̂ dA − q0 T̂ ds, (1.14)
Ω Γq
 
 Z 
S= T | |∇T |2 dA < ∞, T|ΓT = T0 , (1.15)
 
Ω
 
 Z 
V = T̂ | |∇T̂ |2 dA < ∞, T̂|ΓT = 0 . (1.16)
 
Ω

3 p. max.

Home Exercise 5.1 (ii)

Definitions of the bilinear forms and loading functionals for each problem in this
exercise are the same as for previous one.
The finite element formulation of the Home exercise problem 1.1:
Find uh ∈ Sh ⊂ S such that a(uh , û) = l(û) ∀û ∈ Vh ⊂ V , where

Sh = u ∈ H 1 (Ω = (0, L)) | u(0) = u0 , u|K ∈ P1 (K) ,


(1.17)

Vh = û ∈ H 1 (Ω = (0, L)) | û(0) = 0, û|K ∈ P1 (K) .


(1.18)
The finite element formulation of the Home exercise problem 1.2:
Find Mh ∈ Sh ⊂ S such that a(Mh , M̂ ) = l(v) ∀M̂ ∈ Vh ⊂ V , where

Sh = M ∈ H 1 (Ω = (0, L)) | M (0) = M0 , M|K ∈ P1 (K) ,


(1.19)
n o
Vh = M̂ ∈ H 1 (Ω = (0, L)) | M̂ (0) = 0, M̂|K ∈ P1 (K) . (1.20)
Rak-54.3200 Numerical methods in structural engineering 3

The finite element formulation of the Home exercise problem 3.2:

Find Th ∈ Sh ⊂ S such that a(Th , T̂ ) = l(T̂ ) ∀T̂ ∈ Vh ⊂ V , where

Sh = T ∈ H 1 (Ω = (0, L)) | T (0) = T0 , T (L) = TL , T|K ∈ P1 (K) ,


(1.21)
n o
Vh = T̂ ∈ H 1 (Ω = (0, L)) | T̂ (0) = 0, T̂ (L) = 0, T̂|K ∈ P1 (K) . (1.22)

The finite element formulation of the Software exercise problem 4:

Find Th ∈ Sh ⊂ S such that a(Th , T̂ ) = l(T̂ ) ∀T̂ ∈ Vh ⊂ V , where

Sh = T ∈ H 1 (Ω) | T|ΓT = T0 , T|K ∈ P1 (K) ,


(1.23)
n o
Vh = T̂ ∈ H 1 (Ω) | T̂|ΓT = 0, T̂|K ∈ P1 (K) . (1.24)
3 p. max.

Home Exercise 5.2

The H1 error estimate is || u − uh ||1 ≤ ck hs | u |s+1 , the L2 error estimate is
|| u − uh ||0 ≤ ĉk hs+1 | u |s+1 , where s = min(k, r).
The basic error estimates for the Home exercise problem 1.1:
k = 1, r → ∞ ⇒ s = 1, so error estimates become

(H1) || u − uh ||1 ≤ c1 h | u |2 , (2.1)

(L2) || u − uh ||0 ≤ ĉ1 h2 | u |2 . (2.2)

The basic error estimates for the Home exercise problem 2.2:
k = 1, r → ∞ ⇒ s = 1, so error estimates become

(H1) || M − Mh ||1 ≤ c1 h | M |2 , (2.3)

(L2) || M − Mh ||0 ≤ ĉ1 h2 | M |2 . (2.4)

6 p. max.