ApPENDIX

B Chart of Transition
Signals
Reference: Oshima, A., & Hogue, A. (1999). Writing Academic English (3rd ed.). New York: Addison
Wesley Longman
—> page 254

-,
- ·MIANINGI 5ENTENcI! OTHIRS
FUNCTION . CONNECTORSl CLAUSE CONNIC1OIIS (ADIICTrIES,
. VIUS,AND
IuItoRrHNAToM ._PMP08TIoNs)

To introduce a similar also and another

additional idea besides nor ("and not") an additional
furthermore
in addition
moreover
too

To compare things also and as as ...as

likewise both .. .and just as like/alike
similarly not only ... just like
too but also similar to
neither ... be alike
nor be similar

To introduce an however but although despite

opposite idea, and to in contrast yet even though in spite of
contrast things instead though compared tolwith
in/by comparison whereas ,be different (from)
nevertheless while be dissimilar
nonetheless be unlike
on the other hand differ (from)
on the contrary
still
-

(Chart continues 011 the next page.)

I includes conjunctive adverbs

2 includes conjunctions

254
 Appendix B Chart of Transition Signals

MEANING! SENTENCE OTHERS

FUNcnGN CONNEClORS CLAUSE CoNNECTORS (ADJECTIVES.
VERBS,AND
CooIIDINAToIIs 5uBoRDtNA'toM PREPOSITIONS)

To introduce for example such as

an example for instance like
an example of

To emphaSize in fact

To explain indeed
and restate that Is

To introduce otherwise or If
an alternative unless
-
To signal first. second. etc. after the first, the second
chronological order first of all as the next, the last, the final
then. nat
now, then, soon
as soon as
before
.
before lunch
after the war
last. finally since since 19_
meanwhile until In the year 20_
"-
gradually when
after that while (any time expression)
since then

To indicate above all a more important

order of importance first and foremost the most important
more/most importantlyl the second most signi6cant
significantly the primary ,
primarily

To introduce - for becaUSe result from

a cause or reaIOn since be the result of
as due to
because of
the effect of
the consequence of
as a result of
I as a consequence of
--- '----

2&6
 Appendix B Chart of Transition Signals

., ' , ,
,< ,
MIANINGi ' SENTENCE 0rHas
FUNCTION' CONftECTORS
.,
CLAUSE CONNIc:roa ,(ADJeCTIVES,
VERBS,ANI)
.
,
C00IIDINA1ORS su.o.tDINATORS PIlEPOsmONS)

To introduce accordingfy so , result in

an effect or result as a result cause
as a consequence have an effect on
consequently affect
hence,thus the cause of
therefore the reason for

To conclude all in all It is clear that .••

in brief We can see that ..•
in conclusion The evidence suggests
in short that ...
, in summary These examples show
indeed that ...
- -
,

*Also see page 154

256