Topical Guidance

Form 1 – 3
1) Solid Geometry

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2) Circle Theorem

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3) Polygon

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4) Factorisation
a) 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑧 = 𝑥(𝑦 + 𝑧)
b) 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦)
c) 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑧 + 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧 = 𝑥(𝑦 + 𝑧) + 𝑎(𝑦 + 𝑧)
= (𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑥 + 𝑎)
d) 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1)

5) Expansion of Algebraic Expressions

a) (2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3) = 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝑥 − 3
= 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3
b) (𝑥 + 3)2 = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9
c) (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2

6) Law of Indices

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7） Algebraic Fraction
1 10−𝑘
Express 2𝑘 − as a fraction in its simplest form.
6𝑘 2

1 10−𝑘 1×3𝑘−(10−𝑘)
Solution: 2𝑘 − =
6𝑘 2 6𝑘 2
3𝑘−10+𝑘
=
6𝑘 2
4𝑘−10
= 6𝑘 2
2(𝑘−5)
= 6𝑘 2
𝑘−5
= 3𝑘 2

8) Linear Equation
1
Given that 5 (3𝑛 + 2) = 𝑛 − 2, calculate the value of n.
Solution:
1
(3𝑛 + 2) = 𝑛 − 2
5
3𝑛 + 2 = 5(𝑛 − 2)
3𝑛 + 2 = 5𝑛 − 10
3𝑛 − 5𝑛 = −10 − 2
−2𝑛 = −12
𝑛=6

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9) Simultaneous Linear Equations
a) Substitution Method:
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 5 − − − − − (1)
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 − − − − − (2)
Substitute (1) into (2)
2𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 5 = 7
4𝑥 = 12
𝑥=3
Substitute 𝑥 = 3 into (1)
𝑦 = 2(3) − 5
=1
 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 1

b) Elimination Method:
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5 − − − −(1)
Solve:
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 7 − − − − − (2)

(1) + (2), 4𝑥 = 12
𝑥=3
Substitute 𝑥 = 3 into (1),
3(3) + 2𝑦 = 5
2𝑦 = 5 − 9
𝑦 = −2
 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = −2

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10) Algebraic Formulae
Given that 𝑘 − (𝑚 + 2) = 3𝑚, express m in terms of k.

Solution:
𝑘 − (𝑚 + 2) = 3𝑚
𝑘 − 𝑚 − 2 = 3𝑚
𝑘 − 2 = 3𝑚 + 𝑚
𝑘 − 2 = 4𝑚
𝑘−2
𝑚=
4

11) Linear Inequalities

a) Solve the linear inequality 3𝑥 − 2 > 10.
3𝑥 − 2 > 10
3𝑥 > 12
𝑥>4

b) List all integer values of x which satisfy the linear

inequality 1 ≤ 𝑥 + 2 < 4.

1≤𝑥+2<4
1−2≤𝑥+2−2<4−2
−1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2
 𝑥 = −1, 0, 1

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c) Solve the simultaneous linear inequalities
1
4𝑝 − 3 ≤ 𝑝 and 𝑝 + 2 ≥ 2 𝑝.

4𝑝 − 3 ≤ 𝑝
4𝑝 − 𝑝 ≤ 3
3𝑝 ≤ 3
𝑝≤1

1
𝑝 +2 ≥ 2𝑝
1
𝑝 − 2 𝑝 ≥ −2
1
𝑝 ≥ −2
2
𝑝 ≥ −4
-4 1

 −4 ≤ 𝑝 ≤ 1

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12) Statistics
a)

b)

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c)

d)

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Form 4
1) Significance Figures and Standard Form
Significance Figures
a) Zero in between numbers are significant.
Example: 3045 (4 sig. fig.)
b) Zero between whole numbers are not significant
figures.
Example: 4560 (3 sig. fig.)
c) Zero in front of decimal numbers are not significant.
Example: 0.00324 (3 sig. fig.)
d) Zero behind decimal numbers are significant.
Example: 2.140 (4 sig. fig.)

Standard Form
Standard form are numbers written in the form A  10n,
where 1  A < 10 and n are integers.
Example: 340 000 = 3.4  105
0.00056 = 5.6  10-4

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2) Quadratic Expression and Quadratic Equations
a) Solve quadratic equation by factorization.
5𝑘 2 −8
Example: Solve = 2𝑘.
3

5𝑘 2 − 8
= 2𝑘
3
5𝑘 2 − 8 = 6𝑘
5𝑘 2 − 6𝑘 − 8 = 0
(5𝑘 + 4)(𝑘 − 2) = 0
4
𝑘 = − 5, 2

b) Solve quadratic equation by quadratic formula:

Example: Solve 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 2𝑎
−(−2)±√(−2)2 −4(3)(−2)
= 2(3)
2±√4+24
= 6
2±√28
= 6
= -0.5486, 1.2153

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3) Set

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𝑛(𝐴) = 7 + 6 = 13
𝑛(𝐵) = 6 + 10 = 16
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 6
𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 7 + 6 + 10 = 23
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 7
𝑛(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵) = 10
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′ = 7 + 10 + 2 = 19
𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ = 2

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4) Mathematical Reasoning

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5) The Straight Line

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6) Statistics
a) Class, Modal Class, Class Interval Size, Midpoint,
Cumulative frequency, Ogive
Example: The table shows the time taken by 80
students to type a document.
Time Frequency
10 – 14 1
15 – 19 7
20 – 24 12
25 – 29 21
30 – 34 19
35 – 39 12
40 – 44 6
45 – 49 2

For the class 10 – 14: Lower limit = 10 min

Upper limit = 14 min
Lower boundary = 9.5 min
Upper boundary = 14.5 min
Class interval size = Ub – Lb
= 14.5 – 9.5
= 5 min
Modal class = 25 – 29 min
25+29
Midpoint of the modal class = = 27
2

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To draw an ogive, a table of upper boundary and cumulative
frequency has to be constructed.
Time Frequency Upper Cumulative
boundary frequency
5–9 0 9.5 0
10 – 14 1 14.5 1
15 – 19 7 19.5 8
20 – 24 12 24.5 20
25 – 29 21 29.5 41
30 – 34 19 34.5 60
35 – 39 12 39.5 72
40 – 44 6 44.5 78
45 – 49 2 49.5 80

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b) Histogram and Frequency Polygon
Example: The table shows the marks obtained by a group
of students in a test.

Marks Frequency
1 – 10 2
11 – 20 8
21 – 30 16
31 – 40 20
41 – 50 4

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7) Trigonometry

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8) Angle of Elevation and Depression
a) Angle of Elevation

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b) Angle of depression

9) Lines and Planes

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Form 5
1) Number Bases

3410 = 1000102

3410 = 428

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Example: 1) 110112 = 24 + 23 + 21 + 20
= 2710

24 23 22 21 20
1 1 0 1 12

2) 2145 = 2  52 + 1  51 + 4  50
= 5910 52 51 50
2 1 45

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 Example: 1 0 0 1 12 = 238
458 = 1 0 0 1 0 12

2) Graphs of Functions

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3) Transformation

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13) Matrices

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14) Variations

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15) Gradient and Area Under a Graph

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16) Probability

17) Bearing

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18) The Earth as A Sphere

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19) Plane and Elevation

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Solution:

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