GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Affiliated
(Shri S'adVidyaMandal Institute of Technology, Bharuch)

A
Project Report
On
ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF NARMADA
WATER
B.E 4th Year (Semester -VIII)
(Chemical engineering)
Submitted by: Group
No.14
Sr. Enrollment No. Student Name Department
No.
1 150450105062 TapiawalaVrushank Chemical Engineering
2 160453105004 Mistry Hemal Chemical Engineering
3 160453105006 Parmar Ronak Chemical Engineering
4 160453105012 Turakhia Urvesh Chemical Engineering
5 160453105013 Vasava Jignesh Chemical Engineering

SVMIT 1|
BHARUCH Page
Prof. Ankur Patel Dr.Dipak Deore
(Project Guide) (Head of
Department)

SVMIT 2|
BHARUCH Page
SHREE S’AD VIDYA MANDAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Chemical
Engineering Academic Year :-
2018-19

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that dissertation entitled “Analysis and Purification

of Narmada water” has been carried out by VRUSHANK, HEMAL,
RONAK, URVESH, JIGNESH, under my guidance in fulfillment of
degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Chemical Engineering 8th
semester of Gujarat Technological University, Ahmadabad during the
academic year 2018- 2019.

Date:-

Project Guide:- Head of Department

Prof. Ankur Patel Dr. Dipak
Deore
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Before we get into things, we would like to add a few words of

appreciation for the people who have been a part of this project right
from its inception. The writing of this project has been one of the
significant academic challenges. We have faced and without the
support, patience, and guidance of the people involve, in this task
would not have been completed. It is to them we owe my deepest
gratitude.
Firstly, we would like to thanks our parents, my project guide who has
guided us throughout the project.
Secondly we would like to thanks our head of department Dr.Dipak
Deore and our faculty member who guided (Prof. Ankur Patel) us and
gave this golden opportunity and for giving us valuable information
regarding to our project. Last but not least, thanks to Shri S’ad Vidya
Mandal Institute of Technology for providing us platform to represent
the project.

TapiawalaVrushank (150450105062)
Mistry Hemal (160453105004)
Parmar Ronak (160453105006)
Turakhia Urvesh (160453105012)
Vasava Jignesh (160453105013)
 ABSTRACT

Drinking water is the most common requirement of human being. As we

have a large amount of water on the earth (Around 98% of earth is
water), But quantity of drinking water is less then 1%. We have a huge
source of pure water in the form of rivers. But now a days river water
ore also not safe for drinking due to large amount of impurities like
industrial waste, sauce disposal and many more activities. This river
water needed to be purified and can be made useful for dinking. Due to
latest technology we have number of ARO purifiers which help us in
cleaning of water. Recent RO purifiers are costly and needs high
maintenance. So we decided to prepare such a system which will be
easy to use, cheap in cost and easy in maintenance.

PROJECT KEYWORDS: Purification, Analysis, ion exchange and

bacteria killing, Drumstick powder, Portable water, Narmada water.
 CONTENT

Sr. Title Page

No. No.
01 INTRODUCTION 06
1.1Problem Summary
1.2Aim and Objective of Project
02 Literature Survey 08
03 Material and Method 12
3.1 Material
required
3.2Methodology
04 Result and discussion 16
05 Business Model Canvas 17
06 Conclusion 19

07 Reference 20

08 Appendix 21
CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION

 Analysis and purification of Narmada water we need to analysis

the water and get the content of impurities in the water
 For purification we have designed a special equipment which will
help us to purify the water with very low cost and easy
maintenance.
 This can be done by forming various layers of purifying materials
to remove different impurities on the bases of analysis.
 For the removal of the impurities we have made 5 different section
of the 5 different materials
 The 5 different materials are Filter Paper, Activated Charcoal,
Anion Exchanging bed, Cation Exchanging bed and Seeds of
Drumstick.

1.1 PROBLEM SUMMERY

Higher rate of cleaning compared to other purifiers available in the
market. Our main objective this project is to prepare such a model
which can be helpful to every person. Our model is easy to use and
handle and maintain. There are no other costly materials used which
can cause any inconvenience to its use. There are many other models
available in the market but some are costly and some them use is not
easy to the peoples. Our model simply consist of the 5 section contain5
different material which well help us in the direct cleaning of the
Narmada Water.
The material used in the 5 section is also easily available in the market.
Our main moto regarding the model is that its maintenance should be
easy compared to other, For solving this problem we have threaded the
5 section of the filter and separated them with the filter cloth. The filter
cloth is just the fine meshed filter or a separating media which help us
to separate the 5 section form each other. The 5 sections of the model
are Filter Paper, Activated Charcoal, Anion Exchanging bed, Cation
Exchanging bed, Powdered seeds of Drumstick. Our main prospective
regarding the model is not to use the Chlorine as the bacteria killing
agent. It increase the total chlorine content in the pure water and also
increase pH of filtered water.

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT.

 To prepare such a equipment which will be cheap in cost and
easy to use.
 To remove all types of impurities from the water of Narmada river
make water useful for drinking
 Not to use the chlorine for the cleaning of bacteria and killing the
harmful germs in the water.
 To reduce the cost of the model to the lowest extend and make
the model easy to be used for each and every people.
 To give society a better and a healthy way of life. To the
successful and healthy INDIA
 CHAPTER 2
Brief Literature Review
Purification of drinking water is a very important problem in
environmental engineering. Purification of drinking water is typically
achieved via adding a disinfectant. Chlorine is the most common
disinfectant used in drinking water purification systems because it is
inexpensive and destroys a large number of pathogens. The purification
of drinking water involves several stages of treatment of the raw water
for the removal of suspended solids, color, and bacteria before entering
the distribution network. Clarification, disinfection, pH adjustment,
filtration and taste and odor removal are part of the stages of treatment.
The quality of drinking water is altered by the use of nitrogen-based
fertilizers commonly used in agriculture or products of domestic use.
Denitrification of drinking water is needed in this case to reduce the
concentrations of nitrites and nitrates present in the raw water.
However, in this document we emphasize the controller ’s role in the
chlorination process since this is the most common method used for the
purification of drinking water. Stricter drinking water quality standards
demand improvement of control systems for water treatment. The
regulation of chlorination in drinking water systems is based on open-
loop, manual
control; however, several closed-loop 1 controllers have been
proposed. The application of feedback control in drinking water
purification systems has been delayed due to the lack of sensors for
measuring chlorine concentration in a reliable fashion. Although
chlorine concentration sensors have been used in large drinking water
systems, these sensors are typically used for monitoring purposes.
Important properties for Analysis
1. Colure
2. Order
3. Taste
4. Turbidity (NTU Max)
5. pH
6. Total Hardness ( As CaCO3 ) mg/L
7. Iron mg/L
8. Residual free chlorine
9. Alkalinity mg/L, Max
10. Calcium
11. Magnesium
12. TDS mg/L
13. Acidity mg/L
14. Chloride mg/L
15. E-Coli CFU/100 mL

Properties of Drinking water as per WHO (World Health Organization)

SR NO. PROPERTIES SPECIFICATION

1 Colure Colorless
2 Odour Unobjectionable
3 Taste Agreeable
4 Turbidity (NTU Max) 5
5 Ph 6.5 to 8.5
6 Total Hardness (As CaCO3) Max 300
7 Residual free Chlorine 0.2
8 Iron (As Fe) mg/l, Max 0.3
9 Calcium (As Cl ) mg/l, Max 75
10 Magnesium (As Mg ) mg/l, Max 0.1
11 Alkalinity mg/L, Max 200
12 TDS mg/L 500
13 Chloride mg/L 250

Characterization Methods
There are many different methods for the purification of the Water.
Some of the most important properties are as followed
 Boiling

In this process simply the water is boiled at the higher

temperature in the closed as well as in the open system. In open
system hje temperature does not rise above 100 0C, but in the
Closed system the temperature can rise above 100 0C. It is a good
method of killing germs but it also remove the other important
chemicals.

 Activated Carbon Filtering

In Activated Carbon Filtration the suspended impurities are

removed because of the highly porous structure, It is also
removes the odure of the water but the bacteria and hardness
SVMIT 10 |
BHARUCH Page
 remains the

SVMIT 11 |
BHARUCH Page
 same.

 UF Purification
In Ultra Filtration the costly membrane are used and also the high
pressure membrane pumps are required and there are also the
chances of the taring of the filter due to high pressure.

 RO (Reverse Osmosis)
RO process use the filtration membrane which also works on the
pressure system. In reverse osmosis process the water is passed
from he different membrane this different membrane removes the
different impurities like Calcium Magnesium etc.

 UV Purification
UV Purification system remove the bacteria. In UV purification the
water passed from the UV light (Ultra Violate Light) which kills all
the bacteria in the water but other impurities at its on like
hardness ph etc. So he UV purification is used as the final stage
of the purification system.
This are the important purification processes used to make the water
suitable for the purification.

CHAPTER :- 3
Material And Method

3.1 Material Required

3.1.1 Filter Papers

3.1.2 Activated Charcoal

3.1.3 Anion Exchanging Resin

 3.1.4 Cation Exchanging Resin

3.1.5 Powder Seed of Drumstick

3.2 Methodology
In this method of purification we have collected many methods together
so that we can make the water suitable for drinking. In the model we
have collected all the method of purification together so that we can
make it pure and can be used for house hold purpose.

Chemicals Required
• Filter paper
• Activated Charcoal
• Anion Exchanging Resin
 • Cation Exchanging Resin
• Seeds of Drumstick

Method
In the method of purification we are use 5 section with the 5 different
substance where each works individually for the purification of the water.
The use and the work of all the 5 substance are as followed
 First of all we need to assemble all the layers of our
equipment.
 The series of assembling will be
1. Filter Paper
2. Activated Charcoal
3. Anion exchanging resin.
4. Cat-ion exchanging resin.
5. Seeds of Drumstick

 All the layers will be threaded to each other in a piping case.

 Due to threaded system it will be easy to remove and attach
all the layers.
 After assembling the layers pump will be attached on the
mouth of the first layer.
 Pump will provide a initial press to the water to pass through
the different layers of the filter assembly.
 After a few seconds we will start get ion the pure water from
the other end of the equipment.
 All the layers plays an important role in the purification of
water.
1. Filter Paper
Filter paper will help us to remove the sand and muddy
 particles.
2. Activated Charcoal
Activated charcoal is coal that is treated with the
oxygen to open up the millions of pores between the
carbon atoms. Activated Charcoal is widely used to
absorb the order or colure substance from the water.
3. Anion exchanging resin
Anion exchanging resin are highly negatively charged
which removes all the positively charged impurities
from the water.
4. Cat ion exchanging resin
Cat ion exchanging resin are highly positively charged
ions which attracts all the negatively charge impurities
from the water.
5. Seeds of Drumstick
Seeds of drumsticks are powdered and added to the
last section of the filter process. With the help of the
powdered drumstick it will help us to remove the
bacteria from the river water.
CHAPTER 4
Results
 Chapter : 5
Business Model
Canvases
 Key Partners
1. Industrialist
2. Small Industries
3. House Hold Work
4. River Waste

 Key Activities
1. River Water Sampling
2. Making a creative model

 Key Recourses
 1. Narmada Water
2. Research Laboratory

 Value Proposition
1. Safety
2. Price
3. Product Quality
4. Reliability

 Customer Relationship
1. Advertisement
2. Assembling and Handling
3. Exhibition

 Channels
1. Direct sales and direct marketing
2. Direct to customer
3. Social media and online

 Customer Segments
1. Agents and marketing
2. Enterprise
3. Retail and corporate customer

 Cost Structure
1. Research development cost
 2. Salary and Transportation
3. Sales and Marketing cost
4. Modeling cost

 Revenue Stream
1. Online Selling
2. Hole sale and retail revenue

CHAPTER :- 6
Conclusion
This is how the water is filtered with the help of our filtering model.
Difference between the report of the analysis of the Narmada water and
the purified water.
From the analytical report we concluded that the water after the filtration
is suitable for drinking as all the criteria ’s for the drinking water.
 CHAPTER :- 7
REFERENCES

1) Paul N. Rylander, "Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation" in

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley.
2)A. B. Mekler, S. Ramachandran, S. Swaminathan, and Melvin S.
Newman. "2-Methyl-1,3-Cyclohexanedione".
3)Advanced Organic Chemistry Jerry March 2nd Edition.
4)Scott D. Barnicki "Synthetic Organic Chemicals" in Handbook of
Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology edited by James A. Kent, New
York: Springer, 2012.