Chapter VI.

LOOPS IN MATLAB - II
Outline
Nested loops
break and continue commands

4
Nested loops
In nested loops, on each iteration of outer loop, the inner
loop is executed completely. This continues until the outer loop
ends.

for i=1:n
for j=1:m
........ inner outer
........ loop loop
........
end
end
Every time i increases by 1, the inner loop executes m times.
Overall, the group of commands are executed nxm times.
Nested loops - Examples
for i=1:5 for i=1:5 sum=0;
sum=0; for j=1:5 for i=1:5
for j=1:5 sum=0; for j=1:5
sum=sum+j; sum=sum+j; sum=sum+j;
end end end
disp(sum*i); disp(sum*i); disp(sum*i);
end end end

15 5 15
30 10 60
45 15 135
60 20 240
75 25 375
Example- Multiplication table using nested loops
for i=1:10
for j=1:10
prod=i*j;
fprintf('%d*%d=%d\n', i, j, prod);
end
disp('-----------------------');
end
Write a MATLAB Program to find Pythagorean
Triplets using nested loops
A Pythagorean triplet is a set of three positive integers
a, b and c such that a2 + b2 = c2 and a<b<c.

Write a program in MATLAB to find all Pythagorean

Triples with values smaller than a given number.
MATLAB Program to find Pythagorean Triplets
n=input('Enter a number');
for a=1:n-1
for b=a+1:n
c=(a*a+b*b)^0.5;
if round(c)==c && c<n
fprintf('%d-%d-%d\n',a,b,c);
end
end
end
The break and continue commands
In the for and while loops, the program flow can be controlled
with the break statement.
When inside a loop (for and while), the break command
terminates the execution of the loop (the whole loop, not just the
last pass). When the break command appears in a loop, MATLAB
jumps to the end command of the loop and continues with the
next command (does not go back to the for command of that
loop).

1-10
The break command
If the break command is inside a nested loop, only the nested
loop is terminated.
When a break command appears outside a loop in a script, or
function file, it terminates the execution of the file.
The break command is usually used within a conditional
statement. In loops, it provides a method to terminate the looping
process if some condition is met. For example, if the number of
loops exceeds a predetermined value, or an error in some
numerical procedure is smaller than a predetermined value.
When typed outside a loop, the break command provides a means
to terminate the execution of a file, such as if data transferred into
a function file is not consistent with what is expected.
The continue command
The continue command can be used inside a loop
(for and while) to stop the present pass and start the
next pass in the looping process.
The continue command is usually a part of a
conditional statement. When MATLAB reaches the
continue command, it does not execute the
remaining commands in the loop, but skips to the end
command of the loop and then starts a new pass.
break and continue commands - Examples
i=1; for i=1:20
while i<=10 if mod(i,2)==0
if i==4 continue;
break; end
end fprintf('%d\n',i);
fprintf('%d',i); end
i=i+1;
end 1
3
123 5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19