Med Tech Laws and Bioethics

(MTY1207-SEC25) | BATCH 2023

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY-FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY (INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES)
TRANSCRIBED BY: SORIANO, ERICHA A.
LECTURER: FERISSA ABLOLA
REFERENCES: LEC VIDEO, PPT, HANDOUTS, BOOK INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION

Medical Technology 10. Food and Drug Inspector

11. Public Health Specialist
• Deals with the diagnostic or therapeutic applications of 12. Quality Control Specialist
science and technology. 13. Medical Equipment Sales Rep.
• A dynamic healthcare profession that deals with the 14. Pharmaceutical Sales Rep.
study and practice of diagnostic laboratory medicine. 15. Medical Librarian
• Also known is Clinical Laboratory Science (Moraleta), 16. Research Assistant
Medical Laboratory Science (CHED Memorandum 13 17. Crime Lab Analyst
s. 2017) 18. Medical Laboratory Manager
According to Republic Act No. 5527: Places of Work
• An auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals ➢ Private and Non-Profit Organizations
with the examination by various chemical, microscopic, 1. Hospitals
bacteriologic, and other medical laboratory procedures 2. Laboratories
or technique. 3. Biotechnology firms
• which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study, and 4. Blood banks
treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in 5. Clinics
general. 6. Medical equipment manufacturers
7. Colleges and universities
Medical Technologist
8. Physician's offices
➢ Republic Act No. 5527 9. Diagnostic testing companies
• A person who engages in the work of medical 10. Pharmaceutical companies
technology under the supervision PATHOLOGIST 11. Health maintenance organizations
or LICENSED PHYSICIAN (DOH) in places where 12. Research institutes
there is no pathologist and those who passed the
course. HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

Field of Specialty Highlights in the History of Medical Technology

1. Hematology DATE CONTRIBUTION

2. Clinical Chemistry 1550 B.C. • Vivian Herrick
3. Clinical Microscopy - Traces the beginnings of
4. Microbiology MT in 1500 BC: Taenia &
5. Blood Bank & Transfusion Practices Ascaris parasites were
6. Immunology & Serology mentioned in early
7. Histopathology & Anatomic Pathology writings.
• Ebers Papyrus (Bronze Age)
It in the Philippines there is what we called GENERALIST and - Referred to as the book
SPECIALIST. for the treatment of
GENERALIST: they rotate in all the sections in the laboratory. diseases, contains the 3
stages of hookworm
In other laboratories they do specialization. infection
Medieval Period • Ruth Williams
Job Opportunities
(1096-1438) − When she wrote her book
1. Analytical Chemist titled An Introduction to the
2. Cytotechnologist Profession of Medical
3. Microbiologist Technology.
4. Bacteriologist − She claims that Urinalysis
5. Parasitologist was a fad
6. Clinical Chemistry Technologist o Urinalysis is the
7. Toxicologist oldest laboratory
8. Blood Bank Technologist procedure.
9. Histologist

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LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION

• Urine taste test (HINDU

DOCTORS)
14th century • Anne Fagelson
- Italian Physician at the
University of Bologna
• Alessandra Giliani
- Employed by Fagelson to
perform MT works; the
lady died from laboratory
acquired infection.
17th century • Anton van Leeuwenhoek
- had invented the first History of Medical Technology in the Philippines
functional microscope
- the first to describe RBC, • During WWII medical facilities were put up in the
to see protozoa, and to Philippines
classify bacteria • Established by: 26th medical laboratory of the 6th US
according to shape Army (became the first Lab in the Phil.)
19th century • Aniline dye • First Clinical Laboratory in the Philippines
− It became possible to stain - 208 Found in Quiricada Street, Sta. Cruz,
bacteria and study it better Manila
under the microscope • June 1945
o Army left the laboratory, so it was then
endorsed to Department of Health for 4 months
History of Medical Technology in the US • October 1, 1945
o Public Health Laboratory was formally
− During early times, US is very developed, and they
organized by Dr. Alfredo Pio De Roda but still
are financially stable to do research and innovations.
under the DOH
− There is also enough manpower and interests.
• 1947
o Dr. Pio De Roda & Dr. Prudencia Sta Ana,
• Dr. William Osler
o Revived the training of H.S graduates
o 1896: first clinical laboratory at the Johns Hopkins
• Dr. Sta Ana
Hospital.
o Syllabus for training program
o He teaches the medical student out of the
• 1954
classroom to the bedside of the patient
o Six-month lab training with cert upon
completion was given to trainees
• Dr. Simon Flexner
- 1st pathologist of Johns Hopkins Hospital Di rin to nagtagal since nagkaroon na ng formal education

• University of Minnesota Formal Medical Technology Education in PH

o 1923: first to offer a degree level program
• Philippine Union College (now known as the Adventist
University of the Philippines) with Manila Sanitarium
• In 1923, the American Society of Clinical Pathologists
(now known as Manila Adventist Medical Center)
(ASCP) was organized.
o 1954: Offered the 1st four-year B.S degree in
• In 1939, the American Medical Technologists (AMT) was
Medical Technology
formed.
• Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick
- Founder of Medical Technology Education in the
Philippines
- An American Medical Practitioner
- A Seventh Day Adventist Missionary
- Before she dies in 2018 she gave a message to
AUP months before
• Dr. Jesse Umali
o 1956: First BS in MT Graduate
o He is now an OB-GYN and owns a laboratory
(OMEGA LABORATORY located in VITO CRUZ,
MANILA)
• UST
o 1957: Dr. Antonio Gabriel & Dr. Gustavo U. Reyes
offered an elective to pharmacy graduates

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LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION

o Rev. Fr. Lorenzo Rodriguez: offered MT course − Staining

o June 14, 1961: Full recognition of 4-year B.S MT − Mounting (covering the slide)
Course − Lab Safety
• CEU 7. Clinical Bacteriology
o 1960: Offered MT Course - Preparation of culture media
o Mrs. Purification Sunico-Suaco o Collection of specimen
• FEU o Preparation of bacteria smear
o 1961: Offered MT course o Inoculation of samples
o Dr. Horacion A. Ylagan & Dr. Serafin J. Juliano - Characterization of colonies
o Biochemical testing
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION o Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing
8. Clinical Parasitology: Microscopic identification of
General Education Courses
parasites that are pathogenic to man. (e.g.
- This aim to develop foundational knowledge, Nematodes, Trematodes, Cestodes, Protozoa, etc.)
skills, values, and habits necessary for students. 9. Immunohematology and Blood Banking: tackles
the concept of inheritance, characterization and
Examples of GE Courses: laboratory identification of red cell antigens and
their corresponding antibodies. (e.g. ABO and Rh
1. Understanding the self
typing, Blood donation process).
2. Purposive Communication
10. Mycology and Virology deals with the study of
3. Reading in Philippine History
fungi and viruses.
4. The Life and Works of Rizal
11. Laboratory management: planning, organizing,
5. The Contemporary World
staffing directing and controlling in a clinical
6. Science, Technology, and Society
laboratory setting.
7. Mathematics in the Modern World
12. MTLBE: about laws and administrative orders and
8. Ethics
legal documents related to the practice of MT in the
9. Art Appreciation
Philippines.
Professional Courses 13. Hematology 1 and 2: study of concepts of blood as
a tissue. Study of procedures and tests perform for
- For learners to develop the knowledge, technical laboratory such as CBC, Platelet count, Blood
competence, professional attitude and values smearing, and many others.
necessary to practice and meet the demands of − 1: RBC AND WBC
the profession. − 2: PLATELET AND COAGULATION
Example of Professional Courses 14. Clinical microscopy: focuses on urine and other
body fluids (excluding blood).
1. PMTP1: Introduction to MLS, Lab Safety, and Waste - routine urinalysis (macroscopic, microscopic,
Management. and chemical examination)
2. PMTP2: Clinical Laboratory Assistance and 15. Clinical chemistry 1 & 2: encompasses the
Phlebotomy. (pre, analytical, post analytical) concepts and principles of physiologically active
3. Community and Public Health: study of soluble substances and waste materials present in
foundations of community health. It emphasizes the the body fluids, particularly in blood.
promotion of community, public and environmental − 1: glucose, uric acid levels, level of
health through immersion of students with the cholesterol and fat contents
people of the community. − 2: Electrolytes, sodium, potassium,
4. Cytogenetics: study of concepts and principles of chloride
hereditary and inheritance. Also discusses the
abnormalities and genetic disorders. Note: CC2 also covers the study of endocrine gland and
5. Human Histology: study of fundamentals of cell, hormone.
tissues, and organs with emphasis on microscopic
16. Seminar 1 and 2: taken during 4th year in the
structures, characteristics, differences, and
program together with internship.
functions.
− It serves as a review class for the board
− Study normal tissue
exam
6. Histopathologic Techniques with Cytology:
17. Molecular Biology and Diagnostics: deals with
Discusses techniques in histopathology section of
nucleic acid and protein molecule interaction
the laboratory for preparation of tissue samples
within the cell. It also deals with the application of
collected.
different molecular techniques as tools in the
− Study abnormal tissue
diagnosis of diseases.
− Tissue processing on the LABORATORY
− Cutting of Tissues

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LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION

Research courses July 15, ➢ PAMET was accredited by the PRC as

1975 the only accredited professional
a. Research 1: Introduction to Laboratory
organization (APO) of RMTs in the PH
Science Research
1970 ➢ PAMET was registered with the
b. Research 2: Research Paper Writing and
International Association of
Presentation
Medical Laboratory Technologists
Clinical Internship Training (IAMLT)
1985 ➢ PAMET gained membership in the
- taken during 4th year ASEAN Association of Medical
- Will undergo first with different medical Laboratory Technologists
examinations (AAMLT)
- Proof of vaccination for Hepatitis B November ➢ The official Hymn “Beloved PAMET”
22,1989 was formally adopted
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
PAMET Insignia
1. Philippine Association of Medical Technologists, Inc.
(PAMET)
- A non-stock, non-profit national organization
of Registered Medical Technologists (RMTs).
- It is a national body with 46 provincial chapters
nationwide and four international chapters:
Singapore, Eastern Region Middle East,
Western Region Middle East, and USA.
- LAB NEWS is the official publication of PAMET
then it changed to PAMETLINK.
- PRC Resolution No. 2018-1089 s 2018: • Circle – symbolizes the continuous involvement
PAMET is the only APO for RMTs in the PH where practice and education must always be
integrated
DATES WHAT HAPPENED • Triangle – the trilogy of love, respect, and integrity
September ➢ PAMET was founded during the first • Microscope and Snake – symbolize the science of
15, 1963 organizational meeting Medical Technology Profession
➢ Through the initiative of Crisanto G. • Green – the color of health
Almario “Father of PAMET” • 1964 – the year the first PAMET Board was elected
➢ It happened in Public Health
Laboratory at 208 Quiricada St. Sta. PAMET Core Values
Cruz, Manila
1. Integrity – strict adherence to a moral code,
September ➢ The first national convention and
reflected in transparent honesty, truthfulness,
20,1964 election of officers happened
accuracy, accountability for one’s actions, and
➢ At FEU-MANILA
complete harmony in what one thinks, says and
➢ Charlemagne T. Tamondong
does.
become the first president
2. Professionalism – refers to the positive traits and
June 21, ➢ Republic Act No. 5527 known as
values and behavioral outlook which makes one
1969 Philippine Medical Technology Act of
highly respectable and credible.
1969 was enacted through the efforts
3. Commitment – unconditional, unwavering and
of Tamondong
selfless dedication that one builds.
October 14, ➢ PAMET was registered to Securities
4. Excellence – high quality performance by
1969 and Exchange Commission (SEC)
advocating and adhering to international standards
with Registration No. 39570.
making services globally comparable and
➢ It was during the presidency of
competent.
Nardito D. Moraleta
5. Unity – necessary linkage, support, involvement
June 22, ➢ PD No. 223 was approved
and sharing that will increase the success of every
1973 ➢ This then leads to the creation of
individual member and the association in general.
Professional Regulation Commission
(PRC)
September ➢ Proclamation No. 1181s. 1973 for
6, 1973 President Ferdinand Marcos
declared the third week of
September as a celebration of the
medical technology profession

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LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION

Roster of PAMET Presidents ginagamit for the scholars of

PAMET

Charlemagne T. Tamondong Agnes B. Mendenilla

1963-1967 2001-2002, 2005-2006
Emergence of the Profession Organizational Dynamism

Nardito D. Moraleta Shirley F. Cruzada

1967-1970 2003-2004
Professional Recognition Interdisciplinary Networking

Felix E. Asprer Leila M. Florento

1970-1971, 1973-1977 2007- 2013
Legislative Agenda Global Perspectives
✓ Maging official
organization with PRC

Bernardino T. Tabaosares Romeo Joseph J. Ignacio

1971-1973 2013-2015
Celebration of the Profession Golden Celebration

Angelina R. Jose Ronaldo E. Puno

1973 2015- 2020
Career Advocacy Empowerment

Venerable C.V. Oca Mr. Rommel F. Saceda

1977-1981 Present
Educational Enhancement

PAMET HYMN
Carmencita P. Acedera
1982-1991 - BELOVED PAMET
Image Building - Written by: Hector G. Gayares, Jr.
- Composer: Francis Jerota Pefanco
- They were both students at the PUC during the
Marilyn R. Atienza time of composition
1992- 1996
The hymn was first heard in public during the 25th
Proactivism
National Convention of the Philippine Association of
✓ Engaging in community
Medical Technologists (PAMET) at the Philippine
activities
International Convention Center (PICC) on November
✓ Proposed the hazard pay for
22, 1989
RMT
The hymn was sung by a 20-member choir composed of
Norma N. Chang Medical Technology interns and clinical students in four
1997-2000 voices.
International Leadership
✓ Initiate partnership with 2. Philippine Association of Schools of Medical
Safeguard Technology and Public Health, Inc. (PASMETH)
✓ Yung funds na nakukuha - Only professional organization of schools for
doon sa commercial ng Medical Technology/Medical Laboratory
safeguards is yun yung Science.

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LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION

- Its membership is also open to deans, teachers, 3. Philippine Society of Medical Technology Students
and clinical instructors in CHED-accredited (PHISMETS)
educational institutions offering BSMT and BS - National organization of all medical
MLS. technology/medical laboratory science
students under the supervision of PASMETH
DATE WHAT HAPPENED president and under the administration of
May 13, ➢ It was established Committee on Student Development of
1970 PASMETH
June ➢ First organizational meeting was held
22,1970 in University of Santo Tomas Brief History:
➢ Dr. Gustavo U. Reyes become the
- First organized in 2002 during the leadership
first president (1970-1973; 1980-
of former PASMETH president, Dr. Zenaida C.
1981)
Cajucom.
➢ He is affiliated with UST
- First PHISMETS advisers were Prof. Marilyn
May ➢ First annual meeting happened at
Bala (CHS), Prof. Nova Aida C. Cajucom (FEU-
17,1971 UST
NRMF) and Prof. Zennie B. Aceron (UST).
October ➢ It was formally registered to the
6,1985 Securities and Exchange
Commission as a non-stock and non-
profit entity
2012- ➢ Dean Bernard U. Ebuen is the
present current president and he is affiliated
with Arellano University

PASMETH Seal
Additional info:

• In the past, illnesses and diseases were considered

either a curse or punishments from gods.
o This caused terror and public hysteria.
• As time pass by:
o Experiments: to prove theories and
principles
o Systems of procedures were adopted: to
• Circle – represents the continuity of learning and set standards
the never-ending quest for excellence in the o Innovative inventions: simplifies existing
academic field methodologies
• Diamond – represents the four objectives of the o Covenants: to impose obligations and
association penalties
o Encourage a thorough study of the needs • Practice of laboratory medicine can be traced back
and problems of Medical Technology and in the Medieval Period
Public Health Education and to offer
solutions to them DATE WHAT HAPPENED
o Work for the continuous development of Medieval ➢ “Priori” an ancient physician
Medical Technology and Public Health Period examined specimens from the
education in order that the profession will patients
be of maximum service to the country Ancient ➢ Urinalysis oldest known test
o Take a united stand on matters which times
affect the interests of Medical Technology 4000 BC ➢ Physicians in Babylon made
and Public Health Education observation on the color and
o Seek the advice, aid, and assistance from consistency of urine
any 1500 BC ➢ Egyptian documents known as the
government or private entity for the EBERS PAPYRUS contains
fulfilment of the association’s aims and accounts that describes polyuria
purposes. and intestinal worms
• Microscope – represents the field of Medical ➢ Found in the mummies dating back
Technology and Public Health in 1200 BC
• 1970 – the year the association was founded

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LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION

➢ It was based on the previous papyri 1684 ➢ Leeuwenhoek made an accurate

dated around 5000 BC found in description of RBC
Thebes, Egypt 18th and ➢ Johannes Muller pioneered
460 BC ➢ Hippocrates a Greek physician 19th clinical cytology and microscopic
was born century structure of various types of cancer
➢ He studied signs and symptoms of ➢ Rudolf Virchow established the
humas and correlates it with the fundamentals of cellular pathology
disease 20th ➢ More sophisticated methodologies
➢ He rejects that diseases are century ➢ Alexander Fleming make
punishments from gods penicillium that kills staphylococci
➢ He was known to be the father of in culture
medicine 1909 ➢ Karl Landsteiner an Austrian
➢ Hippocratic Oath physician discovered major blood
Not ➢ Rufus of Ephesus a Greek groups
mentioned physician who describe 1930 ➢ Landsteiner received a Nobel Prize
hematuria or blood in urine for Medicine for the discovery
44 BC ➢ Antistius a Roman Physician is
1940 ➢ Landsteiner established the Rh
the First Forensic Pathologist
blood group
➢ He performs autopsy to Julius
Ceasar and found that he suffered
23 wounds and only 1 penetrated
• In the Philippines, the practice of laboratory
the chest cavity through the space
medicine roots in the Spanish Regime.
between the 1st and 2nd ribs
500 AD ➢ Indian physicians observed that DATE WHAT HAPPENED
there are types of urine that attract 1883 ➢ First public health laboratory was
insects due to high sugar content established
➢ They call it madhumeha or “honey 1887 ➢ The Spanish Colonial System
urine established Laboratorio
900 AD ➢ Isaac Judaeus, a Jewish physician Municipal de Manila
and philosopher devised ➢ To examine food, water, and clinical
guidelines for using urine as a specimens
diagnostic aid ➢ Main function is to conduct
16th ➢ Girolamo Fracastoro proposed a biochemical analyses for public
century primitive version of “germ theory” health and to undertake specimen
300 years ➢ Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur examinations for clinical and
later validated the germ theory medico-legal cases
➢ Koch also discovered Tubercle • During the American Occupation, medical
Bacillus as the causative organism approaches are improved, and public health
of tuberculosis education are introduced.
1628 ➢ William Harvey described the
circulation of blood DATE WHAT HAPPENED
Not ➢ Marcelo Malpighi fortified the 1921 ➢ School of Hygiene and Public
mentioned concept through ascertaining the Health were established
existence of capillaries 1927 ➢ The University of the Philippines
1665 ➢ Richard Lower an English opened a degree granting School of
Physician who conducted the first Hygiene and Public Health, a course
successful blood transfusion in analogous to medical technology
animals education
Latter ➢ Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Not ➢ Health education, public health and
part of invented “leeuwenhoek mentioned laboratory services are
17th microscopes” strengthened during the
century COMMONWEALTH ERA
1674 ➢ Leeuwenhoek’s invention allows 1939 ➢ The Department of Public Health
human to observe bacteria form was created
teeth scrapings and protozoa from WWII ➢ The Empire of Japan invaded the
animal intestines PH and the development of public
1677 ➢ Leeuwenhoek made an accurate health was impeded
description of spermatozoa

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LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION

• After 5 year of hostilities, the Philippine public

health sector exerted its earnest effort to rise from
the ashes.

DATE WHAT HAPPENED

September ➢ 26th Medical Laboratory of the
1945 6th United States Army arrived in
the PH and established advanced
clinical laboratory at 208
Quiricada St., Sta. Crus, Manila
➢ It become the first modern clinical
laboratory in the country
Not ➢ When the 6th US Army departed the
mentioned laboratory left in the care of the
DOH
Not ➢ Dr. Alfredo Pio De Roda and Dr.
mentioned Mariano Icasiano reorganized the
laboratory and renamed it as
Manila Public Health Laboratory
1953 ➢ Philippine Union College offered
a 2-year course
➢ Willa Hilgert Hedrick, the
pioneer of MT education in the PH
1955 ➢ Dr. Jesse Umali is the first medical
technology graduate
June 21, ➢ Republic Act No. 5527 known as
1969 The Philippine Medical Technology
Act of 1969 makes the practice of
medical technology a regulated
profession in the PH
➢ Same law allows the graduates of
Bachelor of Science in Public
Health to enter the MT profession
after passing the board exam for
MT and taking the oath

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