SIMPLIFIED REINFORCED

CONCRETE DESIGN
NSCP 2010
GRADING
■ Attendance = 10%
■ Quiz = 30 %
■ Prelim = 10%
■ Midterm = 25%
■ Finals = 25%

Passing Rate = 75%

SCHEDULE 1 pm – 4 pm saturday
SYLLABUS
SYLLABUS
NSCP?

■ Builders refer to the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) to ensure
that buildings, such as high-rise condominiums, can withstand tremors as high as
magnitude 8.
■ Developed by the Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP), the
NSCP is cited as a “referral code” of the NBC -- the primary basis for the
construction, design, use, and maintenance of all buildings in the country -- since
the latter does not specify standards for earthquake-resilient structures.
■ The NSCP covers only buildings, towers, and other vertical structures, such as poles
and billboards. Other “special structures,” including “single family dwellings,” are
also required to comply with the code “as a minimum whenever applicable.”
■ ASEP recognized the need for an up-to-date structural code addressing the
design and installation of structural systems through requirements
emphasizing performance . The new National Structural Code of the
Philippines (NSCP Volume 1) is designed to meet these needs through various
model code/regulations, generally from the United States, to safeguard the
Public health and safety nationwide.
■ This updated Structural Code establishes minimum requirements for
structural systems using prescriptive and performance-based provisions. It is
founded on broad-based principles that make possible the use of new
materials and new building designs. Also, this code reflects the latest seismic
design practice for earthquake-resistant structures
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
■ Concrete
Concrete is a mixture of water, cement, sand, gravel crushed rock, or other
aggregates. The aggregates (sand, gravel, crushed rock) are held together in a
rocklike mass with a paste of cement and water.

■ REINFORCED CONCRETE
As with most rocklike mass, concrete has very high compressive strength but have
a very low tensile strength. As a structural member, concrete can be made to carry
tensile stresses (as in beam in flexure). In this regard, it is necessary to provide
steel bars to provide the tensile strength lacking in concrete. The composite
member is called reinforced concrete.
■ AGGREGATES
Aggregates used in concrete may be fine aggregates (usually sand) and coarse
aggregates (usually gravel or crushed stone). Fine aggregates are those that
passes through a No. 4 sieve (about 6 mm in size). Materials retained are coarse
aggregates.
The nominal maximum sizes of coarse aggregate are specified in Section 5.3.3 of
NSCP. These are follows: 1/5 the narrowest dimension between sides of forms, 1/3
the depth of slabs, or 3/4 the minimum clear spacing between individual reinforcing
bars or wires, bundles of bars, or prestressing tendons or ducts. These limitations
may not be applied if, in the judgment the Engineer, workability and methods of
consolidation are such that concrete can be placed without honeycomb or voids.
■ WATER
According to Section 5.3.4, water used in mixing concrete shall be clean and free
from injurious amount of oils, acids, alkalis, salts organic materials or other
substances that may be deleterious to concrete or reinforcement. Mixing water for
pre-stressed concrete or for concrete that will contain aluminum embedment’s,
including that portion of mixing water contributed in the form of free moisture on
aggregates, shall not be used in concrete unless the following are satisfied: (a)
Selection of concrete proportions shall be based on concrete mixes using water
from the same source and (b) mortar test cubes made with non-portable mixing
water shall have 7-days and 28 day strengths equal to at least 90 percent of
strengths of similar specimens made with potable water
■ MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
Unlike steel and other materials, concrete has no definite modulus of elasticity. Its value is
dependent on the characteristics of cement and aggregates used, age of concrete and
strengths.

According to NSCP (Section 5.8.5), modulus of elasticity Ec for concrete for values of
wc, between 1500 and 2500 kg/ m3 may be taken as.

Where is the day 28-day compressive strength of concrete in MPa is the unit weight
on concrete in . For normal weight concrete, √ Modulus of elasticity Es for non-
prestressed reinforced may be taken as 200,000 MPa.
DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT
STANDARD HOOKS
Standard hooks refer to one of the following:
180-degree bend plus extension but not less than 60 mm at free end of bar.
90-degree bed plus extension at free end of bar.
For stirrups and tie hooks:
– 16 mm diameter bar and smaller, 90-degree bend plus extension at free
end bar, or
– 20 and 25 mm diameter bar, 90-degree bend, plus extension at free end of
bar, or
– 25mm diameter bar and smaller, 135-degree bend plus 6db extension at free
end of bar.
MINIMUM BEND DIAMETERS (SECTION 407.3)
Diameter of bend measured on the inside of the bar, other than for stirrups and ties in
sizes 10mm through 15 mm, shall not be less than the values in Table 1.1.
Inside diameter of bend for stirrups and ties shall not be less than 16 mm bar and
smaller. For bars larger than 16 mm, diameter of bend shall be in accordance with
Table 1.1
Inside diameter of bend in welded wire fabric (plain or deformed) for stirrups and ties
shall not be less than for deformed wire larger than D6 and 2db for all other wires.
Bends with inside diameter of less than 8db shall not be less than from nearest welded
intersection.
Table 1.1 – Minimum Diameters of Bend
Bar Size Minimum Diameter
10 mm to 25 mm 6db
28 mm, 32 mm and 36 mm 8db
SPACING LIMITS FOR REINFORCEMENT
According for Section 5.7.6 of NSCP, the minimum clear spacing between parallel bars
in a layer should be db but not less than 25 mm. Where parallel reinforcement is placed
in two or more layers, bars in the upper layers should be placed directly above bars in
the bottom layer with clear distance between layers not less than 25mm. In spirally
reinforced or tied reinforced compression members, clear distance between
longitudinal bars shall be not less than 1.5 db nor 40mm.
In walls and slabs other than concrete joist construction, primary flexural reinforced
shall be spaced not for farther apart than three times the wall or slab thickness, nor
450 mm.
Bundled Bars
For bundled bars, the minimum concrete cover shall be equal to the equivalent
diameter of the bundle, but need to be greater than 50 mm, except for concrete cast
against and permanently exposed to earth, the minimum cover shall be 75 mm.
SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE REINFORCEMENT (2010 NSCP)
Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement is required at right angles to the principles reinforcement to minimize
cracking and to tie the structure together to ensure its acting as assumed in the design. The provisions of this section
are intended for structural slabs only; they are not intended for soil-supported slabs on grade.
Reinforcement for shrinkage and temperature stresses normal to flexural reinforcement shall be provided in
structural slabs where the flexural reinforcement extends in one direction only.
Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement shall be provided in accordance with either of the following:
a.) Where shrinkage and temperature movements are significantly restrained, the requirements of 408.3.4 and
408.3.3 shall be considered.
b.) Deformed reinforcement conforming to 43.6.3 used for shrinkage and temperature reinforcement shall be
provided in accordance with the following:
Areas of shrinkage and temperature reinforced shall be provided at least the following rations of reinforcement area
to gross concrete area, but no less than 0.014:
a.) Slabs where Grade 280 or 350 deformed bars are used…….0.0020
b.) Slabs where Grade 420 deformed bars or welded wire reinforcement are used………..0.0018
c.) Slabs where reinforcement with stress exceeding 420 MPa measured at a yield strain of 0.35 percent is
used………………..0.0018x415/fy
Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement shall be spaced not farther apart than five times the slab thickness, nor
farther apart than 450 mm.
LOADS

The most important and most critical task of an engineer is the determination of the
loads that can be applied to a structure during its life, and the worst possible
combination of these loads that might occur simultaneously. Loads on structure may
be classified as dead loads or live loads.
DEAD LOAD
Dead loads are loads of constant magnitude that remain in one position. This consists
mainly of the weight of the structure and other permanent attachments to the frame .

LIVE LOAD
Live loads are loads that may change in magnitude and position. Live loads that move under
their own power called moving loads. Other Live loads are those caused by wind, rain,
earthquakes, soils, and temperature changes. Wind and earthquake loads are called lateral
loads.
ARRANGEMENTS OF LIVE LOAD

Live loads may be applied only to the floor or roof under consideration, and the far
ends of columns built integrally with the structure may be considered fixed. It is
permitted by the code to assume the following arrangement of live loads:
(a) Factored dead load on all spans with full factored live load on two adjacent
spans, and
(b) Factored dead load on all spans with full factored live load on alternative
spans.
REQUIRED STRENGTH (FACTORED LOAD), U – NSCP 2001
STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY REQUIREMENTS
1.Required strength
1.Required strength U shall be at least to the effects of factored loads in Eq.
CHAPTER 2
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BEAMS
NOTATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED