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  • A Non-Iterative Balancing Method For HVAC Duct System: Cai Wenjian

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    Felipe Santos
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    This document presents a non-iterative method for balancing HVAC duct systems using physical modeling and simulation. Traditional air balancing methods are slow, inaccurate, and expensive because they do not consider interactions between ducts. The presented method builds a physical model of the duct system using components like sources, ducts, and dampers. Pressure and airflow are then simulated using Matlab/Simulink. On-site measurements are taken of airflow and pressure at different damper positions. These measurements are used to identify an accurate model and optimize damper positions to achieve targeted airflow rates for each zone, improving balance and efficiency. The method was demonstrated on a sample system and achieved good agreement between design, actual, and balanced airflow rates.

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    This document presents a non-iterative method for balancing HVAC duct systems using physical modeling and simulation. Traditional air balancing methods are slow, inaccurate, and expensive because they do not consider interactions between ducts. The presented method builds a physical model of the duct system using components like sources, ducts, and dampers. Pressure and airflow are then simulated using Matlab/Simulink. On-site measurements are taken of airflow and pressure at different damper positions. These measurements are used to identify an accurate model and optimize damper positions to achieve targeted airflow rates for each zone, improving balance and efficiency. The method was demonstrated on a sample system and achieved good agreement between design, actual, and balanced airflow rates.

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    11 views12 pages

    A Non-Iterative Balancing Method For HVAC Duct System: Cai Wenjian

    Uploaded by

    Felipe Santos
    This document presents a non-iterative method for balancing HVAC duct systems using physical modeling and simulation. Traditional air balancing methods are slow, inaccurate, and expensive because they do not consider interactions between ducts. The presented method builds a physical model of the duct system using components like sources, ducts, and dampers. Pressure and airflow are then simulated using Matlab/Simulink. On-site measurements are taken of airflow and pressure at different damper positions. These measurements are used to identify an accurate model and optimize damper positions to achieve targeted airflow rates for each zone, improving balance and efficiency. The method was demonstrated on a sample system and achieved good agreement between design, actual, and balanced airflow rates.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 12

    A Non-iterative Balancing Method

    for HVAC Duct system


    Cai Wenjian

    July 11 -14, 2016


    Air balancing

    Duct system distributes airflow to each


    zone. Control of airflow by dampers is
    complicated and tightly coupled.
    If not well-balanced, lack of ventilation
    leads to sick-building syndrome while
    over-ventilation is a waste of energy.
    Air balancing is needed to supply proper
    ventilation rate to each room and achieve
    accurate airflow distribution.

    July 11-14, 2016 Purdue Conferences 2


    Existing Methods

    Testing Adjusting and Balancing (TAB)


    performed by professional engineer.
    Rule of thumb

    %=

    Interactions between ducts is not
    considered due to lack of model
    Slow, inaccurate, high cost

    July 11-14, 2016 Purdue Conferences 3


    Duct model

    Build up model from


    components: source,
    ducts, dampers
    Frictional loss:
    Darcy-Weisbach
    Local loss: ASHRAE duct
    fitting database

    July 11-14, 2016 Purdue Conferences 4


    Simulation: Simscape

    Multi-domain physical modelling


    Differential algebraic equation
    solver
    Matlab/Simulink environment
    Customized domain:
    » Through variable: flowrates
    » Across variable: pressure
    Customized components
    » Encode equations to relate
    pressures and flowrates

    July 11-14, 2016 Purdue Conferences 5


    On site measurements
    Open all dampers

    Measure the airflows of


    each terminal and Start fan

    pressures before damper


    Setup sensors

    Adjust damper position


    from fully open to fully Damper open Measurements

    close for each damper. Middle positions Measurements

    Take at a minimum of 2 Move to next terminal

    Damper closed Measurements


    measurements for each
    terminal. Reset fully open

    End

    July 11-14, 2016 Purdue Conferences 6


    Model identification

    Maximum a Posteriori
    » Compute probability of undetermined coefficient β given
    measurements
    » Predict system states at damper positions for any β
    » Reduce discrepancy of predicted values by model
    » Global optimization applies to estimate

    July 11-14, 2016 Purdue Conferences 7


    Damper Optimization

    Adjust dampers to proportion airflow:


    » Get target airflow:
    » Compute airflow at any damper position
    » Keep a damper open to minimize fan power
    » Adjust other dampers to minimize discrepancy between
    estimated airflow to the target airflow.
    » Sequentially tuning dampers to proper position
    according to the airflow rate measurement.

    July 11-14, 2016 Purdue Conferences 8


    Example

    Target Airflow Rates (L/s)


    700 275
    250 275
    950 475
    475
    200
    200
    3 Inlets 6 Outlets

    July 11-14, 2016 Purdue Conferences 9


    Modeling

    Duct network model

    Pressure drop analysis

    July 11-14, 2016 Purdue Conferences 10


    Results

    design
    actual
    balanced

    Pressure drop curve Airflow rate distribution


    Optimal Damper Position Final Airflow Rate (L/s)
    5.7° 15.7° 3.5° 702 275 474
    0° 0° 12.5° 246 275 200
    14.0° 2.5° 10.7° 951 474 200
    Inlets Outlets Inlets Outlets
    July 11-14, 2016 Purdue Conferences 11
    Q&A

    July 11-14, 2016 Purdue Conferences 12

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