Philippine Politics and Governance - q2 - Las

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Philippine Politics and

Governance
Second Quarter
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
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COPYRIGHT PAGE
Learning Activity Sheet

Philippine Politics and Governance
Grade 11
Copyright @ 2020
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Regional Office No. 02 (Cagayan Valley)
Regional Government Center, Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, 3500
“No copy of this materials shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created
shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”
This material has been developed for the implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum through
the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). It can be reproduced for
educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work
including creating an edited version, an enhancement of supplementary work are
permitted provided all original works are acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No
work may be derived from the material for commercial purposes and profit.
Consultants:
Regional Director ESTELA L. CARIŇO, EdD, CESO IV
Assistant Regional Director RHODA T. RAZON, EdD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent MADELYN L. MACALLING, PhD, CESO VI
Assist. Schools Division Supt. EDNA P. ABUAN, PhD
DANTE J. MARCEL, PhD, CESO VI
Chief Educ. Supervisor, CLMD OCTAVIO V. CABASAG, PhD
Chief Education Supervisor, CID RODRIGO V. PASCUA, EdD
Development Team
Writers : Nor Mar L. Cabaddu, Olga, D. Preza, Francisco A. Recobo Jr., Arvee M. Butac,
Maria Jamilla A. Pua, Jasmin I. Lappay
Content Editors : Richard C. Esguerra, Merlyn Manango, Novalyn Cuaresma, Rubylin M. Orina,
Ferdinand D. Masiddo, Jasmin I. Lappay, Editha F. Muñoz
Language Editor : Andrea Ramos, Myline J. Respicio, Roberto Español, Ferdinand D. Masiddo
Layout Artist : Jovencio C. Carig Jr.
Focal Persons : Emilia A. Estudillo, EdD, EPS AP, SDO Isabela

Ma. Cristina Acosta, EPS LRMDS, SDO Isabela
Miraflor D. Mariano, Regional EPS Araling Panlipunan
Rizalino G. Caronan, Regional EPS LRMS
Printed by DepEd Regional Office No. 02

Regional Center, Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
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Table of Contents
Learning Competency Page
Analyze the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine Judiciary 1
Explain the roles and functions of Local Government Unit 13
Analyze the nature of elections and political parties in the Philippines 23
Explain the concept, role, and contributions of civil society, societies

and social movements to Philippine democracy 38
Explain the importance of active citizenship 52
Explain issues and programs related to political engagement and youth

empowerment 60
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PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND
GOVERNANCE
Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE JUDICIARY
BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS
According to American Jurist Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. “the life of the law has
not been logic: it has been experience”. The felt necessities of time, the prevalent
moral and political theories, and intuitions of public policy even the prejudices which
judges share with their fellowmen, have had good deal more to do than the syllogism
in determining the rules by which men should be governed.
This of-quoted statement not only tells us that judges determine the rules to be
applied in resolving legal disputes (cases): it also states that judges are influenced by
the sentiments of the times, prevailing public policy, and even their own biases. But
these truths do not pertain only to judges who are but part of the judicial department
of the government called the judiciary. They also apply to justices of the appellate
courts, who are at the apex of that institution.
So why is there a need for the judiciary, reputed to be the weakest branch of
the government? Although a country maybe governed by laws, its citizens often find
themselves at odds with each other, or even with their own government. Such conflict
is brought by divergent and often clashing interests. These conflicting interests require
resolution; this is provided ideally by a neutral arbiter-the judge or the panel of justices.
If a case is brought before them, then these magistrates are bound to determine the
rights and responsibilities of the parties to the case. In a word, they render justice.
Under Article VIII, Sec.1, the judicial power is vested in “one Supreme Court
and in such lower courts as may be established by law.” This judicial power is
exercised through the judiciary’s primary role of adjudication, which includes the “duty
of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally
demandable and enforceable, and to determine whether or not there has been a grave
abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch
or instrumentality of the government.”
The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets, defends and applies the law
in the name of the state. The judiciary can also be thought of as the mechanism for
the resolution of disputes. In many jurisdictions the judicial branch has the power to
change laws through the process of judicial review.
Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times
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The Philippine Judiciary is a hierarchical organization consisting of four levels,
with the Supreme Court at the top tier exercising administrative supervision over all
courts and court personnel and wielding jurisdiction to “review, revise, reverse, modify,
or affirm on appeal or certiorari, as the law or the Rules of Court may provide, final
judgments or orders of lower courts” cases specified in Article VIII, section 5(2) of the
1987 Constitution. Within each level, the courts are coordinate and equal and do not
enjoy review jurisdiction over each other’s decisions, resolutions, writs, and processes.
The third level courts are collegiate courts, working in divisions of at least three
Justices; the second and first level courts are single-judge courts and are the trial
courts and finders of fact at the first instanc
The Supreme Court
At the top tier of the judicial hierarchy is the Supreme Court. It is presided over
by a Chief Justice and is composed of 14 other Justices. The Court may adjudicate
En Banc or in divisions of three, five or seven Justices each. Currently, the Supreme
Court is organized into the En Banc and three divisions of five (5) Justices each.
Under the Constitution, it has supervision over the courts, judges, and court
personnel. Its members sit until retirement at age 70 or unless sooner removed by
reason of ill health, death or conviction after impeachment.
Decisions of the Court, whether sitting en banc or in division, are imbued with
authoritativeness and, unless reconsidered by the Court, are considered part of the
law of the land.
The Supreme Court has both original and appellate jurisdiction. It exercises
original jurisdiction (cases are directly filed with it in the first instance without first
passing through any of the lower courts) over cases affecting ambassadors, other
public ministers and consuls, and over petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus,
quo warranto, and habeas corpus. (Art. VIII, §5(1)). It also has original jurisdiction over
writs of amparo, habeas data and the environmental writ of kalikasan. It exercises
appellate jurisdiction to review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm final judgments, and
orders of the lower courts in:
(a) All cases in which the constitutionality or validity of any treaty, international or
executive agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation, order, instruction,
ordinance, or regulation is in question.
(b) All cases involving the legality of any tax, impost, assessment, or toll, or any
penalty imposed in relation thereto.
(c) All cases in which the jurisdiction of any lower court is in issue.
(d) All criminal cases in which the penalty imposed is reclusion perpetua or higher.
(e) All cases in which only an error or question of law is involved. (Art. VIII, §5(1),
(2))
The Supreme Court has the power to promulgate rules concerning the protection and
enforcement of constitutional rights, pleading, practice, and procedure in all courts
(Constitution 1987, Art. VIII, Sec. 5[5]). These rules shall provide a simplified and
inexpensive procedure for the speedy disposition of cases, be uniform for all courts of

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the same grade, and shall not diminish, increase or modify substantive rights (Art. VIII,
Sec. 5[5]).
The Supreme Court, sitting En Banc, has administrative supervision over all
courts and the personnel thereof (Constitution 1987, Art. VIII, Sec. 6). Justices of the
third level courts and judges of the second and first level courts are appointed by the
President of the Philippines from a shortlist provided by the Judicial and Bar Council.
The Supreme Court can however assign temporarily judges of lower courts to other
stations as public interest may request. Such temporary assignment shall not exceed
six months without the consent of the judge concerned (Constitution 1987, Art. VIII,
Sec. 5[3]). The Supreme Court has supervision over the Judicial and Bar Council,
which has the principal function of recommending appointees to the judiciary. (Art. VIII,
Sec. 8[5]).The Supreme Court appoints all officials and employees of the Judiciary in
accordance with the Civil Service Law (Art. VIII, Sec. 5[6]). The Supreme Court can
also order a change of venue or place of trial to avoid a miscarriage of justice
(Constitution 1987, Art. VIII, Sec. 5[4]).
The Supreme Court En Banc has the power to discipline judges of all the lower
courts or order their dismissal by a vote of a majority of the members who actually took
part in the deliberation on the issue in the case and voted thereon (Constitution 1987,
Art. VIII, Sec. 11). The Supreme Court has supervision over the mandatory
organization of all lawyers, the Integrated Bar of the Philippines. (Art. VIII, Sec. 5[5]).
It also has the sole power to admit qualified candidates to the practice of law and has
the power to promulgate the rules necessary for that purpose (Art. VIII, Sec. 5[5]).
The Judiciary shall enjoy fiscal autonomy. Appropriations for the Judiciary may
not be reduced by the legislature below the amount appropriated for the previous year
and, after approval, shall be automatically and regularly released (Art. VIII, Sec. 3).
The Supreme Court is given the authority to promulgate rules concerning legal
assistance to the underprivileged (Art. VIII, Sec. 5[5]). This would be consistent with
the guarantee under Article III, section 11 that “(f)ree access to the courts and quasi-
judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by
reason of poverty.”
It also has the authority to disapprove the rules of procedures of quasi-judicial
bodies; existing rules of procedure shall remain effective however unless disapproved
by the Supreme Court (Art. VIII, Sec. 5[5]); Antonio v. Commission on Elections; 373
Phil. 680 [1999]).
The Supreme Court, sitting En Banc, is the sole judge of all contests, relation
to the election, returns, and qualifications of the President or Vice-President and may
promulgate its rules for the purpose (Art. VII, Sec. 4). Faced with an appropriate case,
the Court En Banc sits as a Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET).
The Senate and the House of Representatives shall each have an Electoral
Tribunal which shall be the sole judge of all contests relating to the elections, returns,
and qualifications of their respective Members. Each Electoral Tribunal shall be
composed of nine Members, three of whom shall be Justices of the Supreme Court to
be designated by the Chief Justice, and the remaining six shall be Members of the
Senate or the House of Representatives, as the case may be, who shall be chosen on
the basis of proportional representation from the political parties and the parties or

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organizations registered under the party-list system represented therein. The senior
Justice in the Electoral Tribunal shall be its Chair (Art. VI, Sec. 17).
The Court of Appeals
At the third tier of the hierarchy are three collegiate courts, one of which is the
Court of Appeals (CA). The CA is the primary appellate court of the Philippines,
exercising its powers, functions and duties through 23 divisions of three members
each. It sits in three stations--the City of Manila, Cebu and Cagayan de Oro. The CA’s
18th, 19th, and 20th Divisions comprise the CA Visayas Station and are located in
Cebu City, while its 21st, 22nd, and 23rd Divisions comprise the CA Mindanao Station
and are based in Cagayan de Oro City. The first 17 Stations are located in the City of
Manila.
The CA is assigned to review cases elevated to it from the Regional Trial Courts
(RTCs) as well as quasi-judicial agencies such as the Civil Service Commission,
Securities and Exchange Commission, National Labor Relations Commission, and the
Land Registration Authority. The CA also reviews cases where the sentence is
reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment, as well as decisions of the Office of the
Ombudsman in administrative disciplinary cases. The CA is a collegial court and sits
en banc only to exercise administrative, ceremonial or other non-adjudicatory
functions. Being an appellate court, it resolves cases based on the record of the
proceedings from the trial court; in certain cases, however, the CA also conducts
hearings and receives evidence such as, for instance, in applications for the writ of
Amparo or Habeas Data, whether in the exercise of original jurisdiction or on remand
from the Supreme Court.
The CA also has the original and exclusive jurisdiction to issue freeze orders
over any monetary instrument or property under the Anti-Money Laundering Act of
2001 or RA 9160. It is also the court with original and exclusive jurisdiction to allow
surveillance and monitoring of communications under the Human Security Act of 2007
or RA 9372.
Also at the third tier are two special courts, the Sandiganbayan and the Court
of Tax Appeals, which, like the CA are collegial courts. But unlike the CA, both have
very specific jurisdictions.
The Court of Tax Appeals
The Court of Tax Appeals is a special collegiate court composed of a Presiding
Justice and eight Associate Justices; it may sit en banc or in three divisions of three
Justices each. RA 9282, which took effect on March 30, 2004, has elevated the status
of the CTA to that of the Court of Appeals.
The CTA has exclusive jurisdiction to review on appeal decisions in cases
involving disputed assessments, refunds of internal revenue taxes, fees, or other
charges, penalties in relation thereto, or other matters arising under the National
Internal Revenue Code. It also exercises original jurisdiction over all criminal offenses
arising from violations of the Tax or Tariff Codes and other laws administered by the
Bureau of Internal Revenue or the Bureau of Customs.

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The Sandiganbayan
The Sandiganbayan is an anti-graft court that has jurisdiction to try public
officers with a salary grade of 27 and above (including any co-accused who are private
persons) charged with criminal cases involving violation of the country’s laws on graft
and corruption, particularly RA 3019, as amended, otherwise known as the Anti-Graft
and Corrupt Practices Act, and corresponding civil cases for recovery of civil liability
arising from the offense. Likewise, the Sandiganbayan is vested with appellate
jurisdiction over final judgments, resolutions or orders of the RTC whether in the
exercise of their original or appellate jurisdiction over crimes and civil cases falling
within the original exclusive jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan but which were
committed by public officers below Salary Grade 27.
Private individuals can be tried in cases before the Sandiganbayan if they are
alleged to be in conspiracy with the public officer. The decisions of the Sandiganbayan
are directly appealable to the Supreme Court.
Prior to April 16, 2015, the Sandiganbayan was composed of a Presiding
Justice and 14 Associate Justices who sit in five divisions of three Justices each. On
April 16, 2015, Republic Act No. 10660, “An Act Strengthening the Functional and
Structural Organization of the Sandiganbayan,” expanding the Sandiganbayan and
enabling it to speed up disposition of high-profile cases was passed by Congress and
signed into law by the President.
Under RA 10660, the appointment of six additional justices comprising two
additional divisions are provided. With the operation of RA 10660, there are now 21
Sandiganbayan justices sitting in seven divisions of three members each (Section 1
of RA 10660).
The Trial Courts of the First and Second Level
In the first tier are the Courts of the First Level consisting of the Metropolitan
Trial Courts (MeTCs), which are established in Metropolitan Manila; the Municipal Trial
Courts in Cities (MTCCs), in every city which does not form part of Metropolitan Manila;
the Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs), established in each of the other cities or
municipalities; and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts (MTCCs), created in each circuit
comprising such cities and/or municipalities as grouped by law.
At the same level are the Shari’a Circuit Courts (SCC). Shari’a Courts have
been established in Islamic regions and provinces to interpret and apply the Code of
Muslim Personal Laws (under Presidential Decree No. 1083). Their decisions are
appealable to the Shari’a Appellate Court which, however, has yet to be organized.
The second tier consists of the Regional Trial Courts (RTCs) established in
each of the thirteen (13) regions in the Philippines. Each RTC may be composed of a
single sala or of several branches. RTCs have both original and appellate jurisdiction.
In exercising the former jurisdiction, RTCs act as trial courts receiving evidence in the
first instance from the parties to a case falling within its jurisdiction; in exercising the
latter jurisdiction, the RTCs act as a court of appeal over the decisions of the Courts
of the First Level.
Also on the same level are the Shari’a District Courts (SDC), whose decisions
are appealable to the still-to-be organized Shari’a Appellate Court. Pending such
organization, SDC Decisions are reviewed by the Supreme Court through the special
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civil action of certiorari under Rule 65 if the issue is one of jurisdiction or through a
petition for review on certiorari by way of appeal under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Analyze the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine Judiciary (Quarter 1,

Week 11)
Learning Activity 1. LET’S WEIGH IN!
Direction. Analyze carefully the picture and answer the questions opposite it. (5
points each)
1. What do you see in the picture and

what does it symbolize?
____________________________
2. What does the picture means?
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
Learning Activity 2. GETTING TO KNOW EACH OTHER!
Directions. The Philippine Judiciary comprised of the different courts. Understanding

fully the descriptions given in each item, match it from the given categories inside the
box.
a. Supreme Court g. Shari’a Circuit Courts
b. Sandiganbayan h. Municipal Trial Courts
c. Court of Appeals i. Metropolitan Trial Courts
d. Court of Tax Appeals j. Municipal Circuit Trial Courts
e. Regional Trial Courts k. Metropolitan Trial Courts in Cities
f. Shari’a District Courts

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___1. The highest court which exercise administrative supervision over all courts and
the personnel of the judiciary.
___2. The second highest judicial court which reviews the decisions and orders of the
Regional Trial Courts nationwide
___3. The court that covers only one municipality which hear and decide cases
involving violations of municipal ordinances; offenses punishable with imprisonment
not exceeding six years, including violations of the Bouncing Checks Law; Cadastral
and land registration assigned by the Supreme Court
___4. The court which hear and decide cases involving violations of municipal
ordinances; offenses punishable with imprisonment not exceeding six years, including
violations of the Bouncing Checks Law; Cadastral and land registration assigned by
the Supreme Court that covers two or more municipalities.
___5. It has the power to promulgate rules concerning the protection and enforcement
of constitutional rights, pleading, practice and procedure in all courts, the admission to
the practice of law, the integrated bar, and legal assistance to the underprivileged and
review rules of procedure of special courts and quasi-judicial bodies.
___6. Courts in cities outside Metro Manila Area which hear and decide cases
involving violations of city ordinances; offenses punishable with imprisonment not
exceeding six years, including violations of the Bouncing Checks Law; Cadastral and
land registration assigned by the Supreme Court
___7. These are municipal trial courts in the towns and cities in the Metro Manila Area
which hear and decide cases involving violations of city/municipal ordinances;
offenses punishable with imprisonment not exceeding six years, including violations
of the Bouncing Checks Law; Cadastral and land registration assigned by the
Supreme Court.
___8. Equivalent to Municipal Trial Court which were established in certain specified
provinces in Mindanao where the Code of the Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines
is being enforced.
___9. It tries and decides criminal and civil cases against government officials and
employees accused of graft and corruption and similar other cases.
___10. Equivalent to Regional Trial Court in rank which were established in certain
specified provinces in Mindanao where the Code of the Muslim Personal Laws of the
Philippines is being enforced.
___11. It has jurisdiction over matters involving criminal violation and collection
revenues under the National Internal Revenue Code and Tariff and Custos Code.
___12. It exercises exclusive original jurisdiction in all criminal cases not within the
jurisdiction of any court or tribunal or body except those now falling under the exclusive
and concurrent jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan.
Learning Activity 3. FILL ME UP WITH YOUR LOVE!
Direction. Based from the descriptions given in Activity #2, rearrange the different
categories of courts to form the hierarchical structure of the Judiciary.

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Court of Appeals
Regional Trial Court MUNICIPAL T/C METROPOLITAN T/C
MCTC Court of Tax Appeals
Shari’a Circuit Court Sandiganbayan MTCC Shari’a District Court Supreme Court
Aside from the different courts, there are also administrative agencies that are
empowered to decide legal disputes by the laws creating them. They are thus called
quasi-judicial bodies, and what they conduct is called qausi-judicial proceedings.
Basically, quasi-judicial proceedings involve (a) taking and evaluating evidence (b)
determining facts based upon the evidence presented and (c) rendering an order or
decision supported by the facts proved.
Learning Activity 4 LETS GET LOUD!
Direction. Inside the box, make a caricature depicting the judiciary as a dispenser of
justice and vanguard of individual rights.
(A caricature is a picture, description, or imitation of a person in which certain striking

characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect.)
Example:

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REFLECTION
• I learned that ___________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
• I enjoyed most on _______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
• I want to learn more _____________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

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RUBRIC FOR SCORING
Rubric in Grading the Caricature
REFERENCES:
BOOK:
Ramos R. E., 2016. Philippine Politics and Governance, Vibal Publishing, Inc. pp108-
119
WEBSITES:
Slideshare.net/kaorumatsaburabuttercup/judicial-branch-of-the-philippines
Chanrobles.com/article8.htm
https://cacj-ajp.org/web/philippines/the-judicial-branch
https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+a+caricature&oq=wha+is+a+caricature&
aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0i13i457j0i13l6.11333j1j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.google.com/search?q=rubrics+for+essay&sxsrf=ALeKk02rlOTUIM6FhQ
_CinmFD3-
6j6ko_Q:1590408034882&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=PePzooRvqI_joM%253A
%252CFacNfOZ1HuzhQM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kRz9vXOoFWiG7BTM3mqXwhn-KbcBg&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiC3t3P-

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87pAhWCHXAKHc7EAuAQ_h0wAXoECA0QBA&biw=1366&bih=635#imgrc=IPZQ0
CGCqUr57M
https://www.slideshare.net/melaikhalye/editorial-cartoonrubric
https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/432185.Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr_
Answer Key
Activity 1 answers vary

Activity 2
1. a
2. c
3. h
4. j
5. a
6. k
7. i
8. g
9. b
10. f
11. d
12. e
Activity 3
Supreme Court
Court of Appeals Sandiganbayan Court of Tax Appeals
Regional Trial Court Shari’a District Court
MUNICIPAL T/C MCTC METROPOLITAN T/C MTCC Shari’a Circuit Court

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Activity 4 – Answers may vary
Prepared by:
NOR MAR LUBO CABADDU

Writer

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GOVERNANCE
Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT
The existence of local government has always been defended on the basis that
is a crucial aspect of the process of the democratization and intensification of mass
participation in the decision-making process. No political system is considered
complete and democratic if it does not have a system of local government.
Local government is a part of the whole government of a nation or state which

is administered by authorities subordinate to the state authority, but elected
independently of control by the state authority by qualified persons resident, or having
property in certain localities, which localities have formed by communities having
common interests and common history.
Local government provides public amenities and services which are necessary
for the convenience, healthful living and welfare of the individual and the community.
Breaking down of municipal services means the entire dislocation of social and
economic life of the community.
Local government is responsible for:
• The function of and delivery of a complete range of services and

infrastructure required by their individual communities
• Parks and gardens, roads, streets, bridges, libraries and swimming pool
maintenance.
Local government units include provinces, cities, municipalities, barangays,
and other political subdivisions created by law. Each unit is created based on income,
population, and land area, and may be abolished base on the same criteria.
Hierarchical relations put the province over the municipalities and component cities
within the provincial boundaries. At the base of this hierarchy are the barangays.

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Elected local government officials have three-year terms. Local officials are
entitled to three consecutive terms.
• Each local government unit has a set of executive and legislative officials
• At the provincial level: Governor, Vice-Governor and the members of the
Sangguniang Panlalawigan
• At the municipal/ city level: Mayor, Vice-Mayor and members of the
Council (the Sangguniang Bayan and Sangguniang Panlungsod)
The provincial governor is the chief executive of the provincial government. He

shall exercise general supervision and control over all programs, projects, services
and activities of the provincial government. The presiding officer of the Sangguniang
Panlalawigan and sign all warrants drawn on the provincial treasury for all
expenditures appropriated for the operation of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan.
Depending on the type of government structure, the key leader that oversees
all department within the local government is the mayor, administrator or similar
community leader. The right- hand individual to the administrator is the municipal clerk.
The Vice-Mayor is the presiding officer of the Sangguniang Bayan, while the
Sangguniang Bayan is the legislative body of the municipal body. Punong barangay is
the chief executive of the barangay government.
The levels of the Local Government in the Philippines are:
1. Provinces – intermediate unit is providing supervision to the municipalities and

component cities and under it and performing services for the national
government.
2. Cities and Municipalities – basic units of the local government delivering
services for the people who live together in a community.
3. Barangays – sub-municipal unit, which provides for face-to-face interaction
among the people.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Explain the roles and functions of Local Government Unit (LGU) (Quarter 2,
Week 12).

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. FIT ME IN
The following are Local Officials. Identify the appropriate level of Local
Government Unit where they belong. Write your answers on the space
provided.
1. Governor _________________
2. Municipal Mayor _________________
3. City Mayor _________________
4. Vice Governor _________________
5. Barangay Captain _________________
6. Sanguniang Bayan _________________
7. Board Members _________________
8. City Councillors _________________
9. Barangay Kagawad _________________
10. Vice Mayor _________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2. Beyond the Wall
Interview a local government official in your place. Inquire about his/her

functions, programs and projects that he/she is currently conducting, and
his/her future agenda/projects for his/her area of jurisdiction (i.e.,
barangay, city, and town.) Make a narrative report about your interview.
Note: Observe proper health protocols: Wear face mask, face shield and
observe social distancing in the conduct of the interview.

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 3. Photo Essay
Write a short essay identifying the possible action of the local government
unit depicted on the photo below.

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 4. Biographical Sketch
Write a brief description of your Punong barangay that made him a

notable Barangay leader in your community.
MY PUNONG BARANGAY
Attached
Picture of
your Punong
Barangay
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__

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RUBRIC FOR SCORING
Activity 2
20 15 10 5
INTRODUCTION Well-developed Introduction Introduction Background

introduction creates adequately details are
engages the interest. Topic explains the random
reader and clearly states background, collection of
creates the position. but may lack information,
CONCLUSION interest. Conclusion detail. Topic unclear or not
Contains effectively states the related to the
detailed summarizes position. topic. Topic is
background topics Conclusion is vague or
information. recognizable unclear.
Topic clearly and ties up Conclusion
states a almost all loose does not
significant and ends. summarize
compelling main points.
position.
Conclusion
effectively
wraps up and
goes beyond
MAIN POINTS Well-developed Three or more Three or more Less than three
main points main points are main points are main points,
directly related related to the present. The and/or poor
to the topic. topic, but one narrative shows development of
Supporting may lack the events, but ideas. The
examples are details. The may lack narrative is
concrete and narrative shows details. undeveloped,
detailed. The events from the and tells rather
narrative is author’s point than shows, the
developed with of view using story.
a consistent some details.
and effective
point-of-view,
showing the
story in detail.
ORGANIZATION Logical Logical Organization is No discernable

progression of progression of clear, organizations.
ideas with a ideas.
clear structure Transitions are
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that enhances present equally transitions are Transitions are
the topic. throughout. present. not present.
Transitions are
mature and
graceful.
Activity 3
Criteria Awesome A Good Effort A Work in Beginning

20 15 Progress 5
10
Objectives Makes a Makes a Makes a Descriptions
complete and detailed detailed are not
detailed description of description of detailed or
description of most of the some of the complete
the subject subject matter subject matter
matter and/or and/or and/or elements
elements seen elements seen seen in the
in the in the photograph
photograph. photograph.
Knowledge Provides a Provides a Provides some Summary is
complete somewhat summary about not detailed
summary of complete the situation and or complete.
the situation summary of the time period
and time situation and shown, and the
period shown, time period people and
and the shown, and the objects that
people and people and appear.
objects that objects that
appear appear
Interpretation Forms a Forms a Relates how the Finds it
reasonable somewhat photograph difficult to
hypothesis reasonable makes him/her interpret the
about what is hypothesis feel personally meaning of
viewed in the about what is the
photograph viewed in the photograph.
and is able to photograph
support this and is able to
with some support this
evidence from with some
the evidence from
photograph the photograph
Activity 4
10 7 4 1
INTRODUCTION Well-developed Introduction Introduction Background

introduction creates adequately details are
19
engages the interest. Topic explains the random
reader and clearly states background, collection of
creates the position. but may lack information,
CONCLUSION interest. Conclusion detail. Topic unclear or not
Contains effectively states the related to the
detailed summarizes position. topic. Topic is
background topics Conclusion is vague or
information. recognizable unclear.
Topic clearly and ties up Conclusion
states a almost all loose does not
significant and ends. summarize
compelling main points.
position.
Conclusion
effectively
wraps up and
goes beyond
MAIN POINTS Well-developed Three or more Three or more Less than three
main points main points are main points are main points,
directly related related to the present. The and/or poor
to the topic. topic, but one narrative shows development of
Supporting may lack the events, but ideas. The
examples are details. The may lack narrative is
concrete and narrative shows details. undeveloped,
detailed. The events from the and tells rather
narrative is author’s point than shows, the
developed with of view using story.
a consistent some details.
and effective
point-of-view,
showing the
story in detail.
ORGANIZATION Logical Logical Organization is No discernable

progression of progression of clear, organizations.
ideas with a ideas. transitions are Transitions are
clear structure Transitions are present. not present.
that enhances present equally
the topic. throughout.
Transitions are
mature and
graceful.

20
REFLECTION
• I learned that ___________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
• I enjoyed most on _______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
REFERENCES
BOOK
Philippine Politics And Governance by: R.A. Pawilen , Reidan M. Pawilen Rex
BookStore ,pp: 68 – 72
WEBSITE
https://www.google.com/search?q=nangangalakal+ng+basura&tbm=isch&ved=2ahU
KEwj9opyxtc7pAhULBJQKHc4rCz0Q2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=NANGANGALAKA&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgBMgIIADICCAAyBAg
AEBgyBggAEAoQGDIECAAQGDoCCCk6BAgAEENQhaoDWJv4A2CqjwRoCHAAe
ACAAaMCiAGTHpIBBjAuMTMuOJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEE&sclient
=img&ei=vGnLXv3UGIuI0ATO16zoAw&bih=657&biw=1366#imgrc=KjCsqB6MWkbD
UM
en.m.wikipedia.org.
www.slideshare.net>jobitonio>rol...
ANSWER KEY
Activity 1:
1. Province
2. Municipality
3. City
21
4. Province
5. Barangay
6. Municipality
7. Province
8. City
9. Barangay
10. Municipality
Activity 2: Answer may vary
Prepared by:
OLGA DAGGAO – PREZA

Teacher Writer

22
GOVERNANCE
Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
SUFFRAGE, ELECTION, AND POLITICAL PARTIES
All political parties, organizations, and all people should abide by the
constitution and laws without any exemption. They must all act in accordance with the
constitution and laws. I see as that as defining feature of modern political system
development.
Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise

disqualified by law, who are at least eighteen years of age, and who shall have resided
in the Philippines for at least one year and in the place wherein they purpose to vote
for at least six months immediately preceding the election.
Suffrage is the right and obligation of qualified Filipino citizen to vote in the
national and local elections and in the decision of public question submitted to them.
Suffrage is merely a privilege to be given to the citizen by the law making power
subject to constitutional limitations. As a right confined by the constitution, suffrage is
classified as a political right, such as election, enabling every citizen to participate in
the process of government to assure that it derive its power from the consent of the
governed.
What are the Scopes of Suffrage?
1. Election. It is the means by which the people choose their officials for definite
and fixed periods and to whom they entrust, for the time being as their representatives,
the exercise of powers of government.
2. Initiative. The power of the people to propose amendments to the

Constitution or to propose and enact legislation.
3. Referendum. Is the power of the electorate to approve or reject legislation

through an election called for the purpose.

23
4. Plebiscite. It is the name given to a popular vote of the people expressing
their view within their choice for or against a proposed law submitted to them.
5. Recall. It is method by which a public officer may be removed from office

during his tenure or before the expiration of his term by a vote of the people after
registration of a petition signed by a required percentage of the qualified voter.
What are the Qualifications of Voters?
He must be:
1. A citizen (male or female) of the Philippines;
2. Not otherwise disqualified by law;
3. At least eighteen (18) years of age; and
4. Have resided in the Philippines for at least one (1) year and in the place
wherein he proposes to vote for at least six (6) months preceding the election.
Who are disqualified to Vote?
As to who are disqualified to vote, the law enumerate them as follows:
1. Any person who has been sentenced by final judgment to suffer

imprisonment for not less than one (1) year, such disability not having been removed
by plenary pardon or granted amnesty. But such person shall automatically reacquire
the right to vote upon the expiration of five (5) years after service of sentence;
2. Any person who has been adjudged by final judgment by competent court of
tribunal of having committed any crime involving disloyalty to the duly constituted
government such as rebellion, sedition or any crime against national security, unless
restored to his full civil and political rights in accordance with law. Such person shall
likewise automatically regain his right to vote upon expiration of five (5) years after
service of sentence; and
3. Insane or incompetent persons as declared by competent authority. This

person is not qualified to vote even if they have the necessary qualifications.
Section 2. The Congress shall provide a system for securing the secrecy and
sanctity of the ballot as system for absentee voting by qualified Filipinos abroad.
The Congress shall also design a procedure for the disabled and the
illiterates to vote without the assistance of other persons. Until then, they shall
be allowed to vote under existing laws and such rules as the Commission on
Elections (COMELEC) may promulgate to protect the secrecy of the ballot.
The Congress is directed by the constitution to provide a system for securing

the secrecy and sanctity of the ballot.

24
The sanctity of the electoral process requires secrecy of the vote. Congress will
have to enact a law prescribing procedures that will enable the disabled and the
illiterates to secretly cast their ballots without requiring the assistance of the other
persons, to prevent them from being manipulated by unscrupulous politicians.
Section 2 extends the right of suffrage even to Filipinos abroad provided they
possess all the qualifications mentioned therein and none of the disqualification
provided by law.
Party system referred to as the interactions of parties with each other (Roskin
et. al., 2012). The party is not equated to parties because a party system is seen as
macro perspective whereas parties are micro perspective just focusing on the
particular party. It could be said that the life of political party system depends upon the
kind of party system it has. It describes a relatively sound system of political party and
voter alignments, electoral rules, and political priorities that dominate a Democratic
political syatem’s electoral process for some delimited period.
Classification of Party System
1. The two-party system. This is the system wherein the major political parties
alternates with each other in exercise of political power.
2. The multi-party system. More than two political parties fight an election, and
no single party gets the majority control of power.
Parties may become identified as either “leftist”, “rightist”, or “center” parties

depending upon the tendency of the political views.
1. Leftist party – is the reform-minded party which seeks to change the existing
conditions of the country.
2. Rightist party – is a conservative group which aims to maintain the status quo
in the country.
3. Center party – adopted policies which are a mixture of both left and right
tendencies.
3. The one-party system. Only one political party holds power either because it
towers above the others or because it suppresses all other groups.
Note: The only choices left to voters are

1. to decide whether or not to vote
2. to vote “yes” or “no” for the designated candidate

25
Functions of Party System
1. Organize the competition

2. Unify the electorate
3. Inspire and inform voters
4. Translate preferences into policy
5. Provide loyal opposition
6. Organize government
7. Help govern
8. Act as watchdogs
9. Nominate candidates
10. Ensure candidate quality
Political Party
➢ An organization that seeks political power by electing people to office so

that its positions and philosophy become public policy.
➢ A political organization that aims to attain and maintain political power
within government, usually by participating in electoral campaign.
➢ It is an organization the mobilize voters on behalf of a joint set of
interests, concerns, and goals.
➢ It is any aggrupation of persons who come together on how well the best
interest of the people might be served.
➢ It is any group providing label upon which candidates run for public
offices.
Heywood (2002) in Aceron (2002), for his part, provides the following list of
functions that political parties must perform:
1. Representation – the capacity to respond and to articulate the views of both

members and voters.
2. Elite Formation and Recruitment – the ability to mold the politicsl elite to
tasked to govern the body politic.
3. Goal Formation – the development of programs of government with a view
of attracting popular support.
4. Interest Articulation and Aggregation – the task of combining and
harmonizing different demands and expressing them into coherent policy formulation.
5. Socialization and Mobilization – the formation of a national agenda and
the creation of public discourse to raise political awareness and built the necessary
values and attitudes that would constitute a larger political culture.
Electoral System in the Philippines
Elections in the Philippines are of several types. The president, vice-president,

and the senators are elected for a six-year term, while the members of the House of
Representatives, governors, vice-governors, members of the Sangguniang
Panlalawigan (provincial board members), mayors, vice-mayors, members of the
Sangguniang Panlungsod/members of the Sangguniang Bayan (city/municipal
councilors), barangay officials, and the members of the Sangguniang Kabataan are
elected to serve for a three-year term.
26
Congress has two chambers. The House of Representatives has 304 seats as
of 2019, of which 80% are contested in single seat electoral districts and 20% are
allotted to party-lists according to a modified Hare quota with remainders disregarded
and a three-seat cap. These party list seats are only accessible to marginalized and
under-represented groups and parties, local parties, and sectoral wings of major
parties that represent the marginalized. The Constitution of the Philippines allows the
House of Representatives to have more than 250 members by statute without a need
for a constitutional amendment. The Senate has 24 members who are elected on a
nationwide at-large basis; they do not represent any geographical district. Half of the
Senate is renewed every three years.
The Philippines has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no

one party normally has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with
each other to form a coalition government. The Commission on Elections (COMELEC)
is responsible for running the elections.
Under the Constitution, elections for the members of Congress and local
positions (except barangay officials) occur every second Monday of every third year
after May 1992, and presidential and vice presidential elections occur every second
Monday of May every sixth year after May 1992. All elected officials, except those at
the barangay level, start (and end) their terms of office on 30 June of the election year.
This lesson focuses on suffrage and political parties as political practices in
State. Political parties and elections play a vital role in poltical analysis in developed
and developing countries in analyzing democratization and democratic political
regimes.
Explore and engage yourself on the different activities prepared from this
learning activity sheet.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Analyze the nature of elections and political parties in the Philippines (Quarter
2, Week 13).
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1–I WRITE IT!

Political Campaign Slogan
Think of political slogan. Make it creative and humorous. It should not be
more than 10 words.

27
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 - I THINK OF IT!
Essay
Answer the following question with brevity and clarity.
1. Everyone should have the right to vote. Agree or Disagree. Explain.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. How do campaigns and elections enable choice and opportunities for

participation?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3–I DRAW OR CUT IT!

Political Comic Strip
Draw a political comic strip or cut out pictures illustrating political
activities during election campaign.
Comic strip is a sequence of drawings in boxes that tell an amusing story,

typically printed in a newspaper or comic book.
How to create a comic strip?

1. Step 1: Write your ideas for your comic. A comic strip is no different from
writing a short story.
2. Step 2: Draw the three-frames.
3. Step 3: Use basic shapes to draw.
4. Step 4: Add in the speech and lettering.
5. Step 5: Add detail to your cartoon.

28
6. Step 6: Go over your comic in pen.

29
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4 - I COMPOSE IT!
Political Campaign Jingle
Compose a political jingle. The song should not be exceeding three
(3)minutes. It should be an original composition. Submit the composition
online or via messenger.
Title of the Song: _____________________________

Composition:________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY 5 - I CAN DO IT! (ASSESSMENT)

IDENTIFY ME!
Read the statement carefully. Identify the term that is described. Write your
answer on your answer sheet.
________________1. It is referred to as the interactions of parties with each

other.
________________2. Means by which people choose their officials
________________3. A method by which an elective local official may be
removed from office during his term.
________________4. It is the right and obligation to vote of qualified citizens
in the election of public officers.
________________5. It is any group providing label upon which candidates run
for public offices.
________________6. The capacity to respond and to articulate the views of
both members and voters.
________________7. Those declared as insane or incompetent person.
________________8. Is the vote of the people expressing their choice for or
against a proposed law submitted to them.
________________9. Only one political party holds power either because it
towers above the others or because it suppresses all other groups.
________________10. Is a conservative group which aims to maintain the
status quo in the country.
30
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
Activity 1
Criteria for judging/scoring:
Creativity 20 %
Neatness 15 %
Relevance to the theme 35 %
Originality 15 %
Uniqueness 15 %
Total 100%
Activity 2
Excellent Very Good Average Needs
Improvement
5 4 3
2
This paper is This paper is The writer is Topic is not well-

clear and mostly focused, beginning to define defined and/or
focused. It holds and has some the topic, even there are too many
the reader's good details and though topics.
Ideas
attention. quotes. development is still
Relevant details basic or general.
and quotes enrich
the central theme.
The organization Paper (and The organizational Sentences within

enhances and paragraphs) are structure is strong paragraphs make
showcases the mostly enough to move sense, but the
central idea or organized, in the reader through order of
theme. The order, order, and the text without too paragraphs does
Organization
structure of makes sense to much confusion. not.
information is the reader.
compelling and
moves the reader
through the text.

31
The writing has The writing The text hums The text seems
an easy flow, mostly flows, and along with a choppy and is not
rhythm, and usually invites steady beat, but easy to read orally.
cadence. oral reading. tends to be more
Sentence Sentences are businesslike than
Fluency well built, with musical, more
strong and varied mechanical than
structure that fluid.
invites expressive
oral reading.
Activity 3
Rubric for Scoring in Comic Strip:
4 3 2 1
The pictures and All but 1 of the All but 2 of the More than 2 of
captions reflect pictures and pictures and the pictures and
an exceptional captions reflect captions reflect captions reflect
Creativity degree of student an exceptional an exceptional little degree of
creativity. There degree of student degree of student creativity
is great attention creativity. student
to detail. creativity.
All 6 panels relate Only 5 panels Only 4 panels Less than 4

to the theme. relate to the relate to the panels relate to
Theme theme. theme. the theme.
The main The main The main It is hard to tell

characters are characters are characters are who the main
clearly identified, clearly identified, identified but not characters are.
Characters and their actions and their actions well developed
and Dialogue and dialogue are and dialogue and their actions
well-matched to match most of the and dialogue are
each other. time. too general.
Landscape and Landscape and Landscape and Landscape and

props are directly props are directly props are props seem
related to the related to the generally related randomly chosen
Landscape theme or purpose theme or purpose to the theme or or distract the
and Props of the comic and of the comic. purpose of the reader.
enhance comic.
understanding of
the scene.

32
Rubric for Scoring in Cutout Pictures:
4 3 2 1
Variety of Excellent variety Good variety of Adequate variety Limited variety of
Pictures of pictures used pictures used to of pictures used pictures used to
- used to to develop the develop the main to develop the develop the main
develop main main idea idea main idea idea
ideas
Ideas Many original Several original Some original Few original
- originality ideas in material ideas in material ideas in material ideas in material
and display are and display are and display are and display are
- interest
evident and evident and evident and evident and
stimulate a great stimulate a great stimulate a great stimulate a great
deal of interest deal of interest deal of interest deal of interest
Relevance of Material selected Material selected Material selected Little material
Material is all relevant and is mostly relevant is relevant and selected is
- connected to clearly connected and connected to somewhat relevant and
main idea to the main idea the main idea connected to the rarely connected
main idea to the main idea
Visual Impact Overall visual Overall visual Overall visual Overall visual
- effectiveness impact is limited impact is impact is impact is very
of overall somewhat effective effective
presentation effective
Activity 4
COMPOSITION 70%
(Originality, clarity of message, language and phrasing)
RELEVANCE TO THE THEME 30%
100%
TOTAL

33
REFLECTION
• I learned that ___________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
• I enjoyed most on _______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
REFERENCES:
BOOK:
Tabajen, Rhene C., and Pulma, Erlinda B., Philippine Politics and Governance, JFS
Publishing Services, Unit 9005 Central Park Condominium 2, 168 D. Jorge
Street, Pasay City, Philippines: 2016
Rivas, Dionisio C., and Nael, Michael M. Politics, Governance and the Philippine
Constitution. Rex Book Store, 856 Nicanor Reyes, Sr. St. 1977 C. M. Recto
Avenue, Manila, Philippines. 2010

34
WEBSITES:
Mendoza, C. Suffrage and

Election.https://www.slideshare.net/crtnymendoza/suffrage-and-election.
Published on February 25, 2016
Mantiza, M. B. Suffrage of the Electoral

System.https://www.slideshare.net/BESPF1/suffrage-19962433. Published on
April 25, 20213
Marty the Wizard. How to Write a Comic Strip in 6

Steps.https://www.imagineforest.com/blog/how-to-create-a-comic-strip/. April 29,
2018
Vector Illustration .Boy Compose song. Stock clip art gg101870695-

GoGraph.https://www.google.com/search?q=cartoon+image+of+composing+a+song
&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH778PH778&sxsrf=ALeKk01rMzpKGWEV01e7-
oPGL4UtkMRfBA:1590814776885&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj6
s7ft5trpAhUlzYsBHYYjCwAQ_AUoAXoECAwQAw&biw=1366&bih=608#imgrc=u1BT
FljXx9d2RM
Elections in the
Philippines.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines. November 22,
2020
ANSWER KEY:
Activity 1 – Answer may vary

Activity 5
1. Party System 6. Representation
2. Election 7. Persons disqualified to vote
3. Recall 8. Plebiscite
4. Suffrage 9. One-party System
5. Political Party 10. Rightist Party
Prepared by:
FRANCISCO A. RECOBO, JR.

Writer

35
GOVERNANCE
Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
CIVIL SOCIETY AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
The Unite Nations (UN) define “Civil Society” as the “third sector” of society,
along with government and business. It also includes relevant organizations like non-
government organizations. These civil society organizations are viewed by the state
as partners in improving the standard living of citizens with their own set of goals and
ideals. Also, the World Health Organization (WHO) claims that civil society is seen
as social sphere separated from both the state and the market. WHO further reports
that the increasingly accepted understanding of the term civil society organizations
(CSOs) is that of non-state, not-for-profit but voluntary organizations formed by people.
The basis for civil society in the Philippines comes from the Filipino concepts of
pakikipagkapwa (holistic interaction with others) and kapwa (shared inner self).
Voluntary assistance or charity connotes for Filipinos an equal status between the
provider of assistance and the recipient, which is embodied in the terms damayan
(assistance of peers in periods of crisis) and pagtutulungan (mutual self-help). The
Western notion of kawanggawa (charity) may have been introduced to the Philippines
by Catholic missionaries.
The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, forged and shaped in the aftermath of
the 1986 People Power Revolution, clearly recognizes participation and
empowerment, including the important role of CSOs. This may be seen in several
provisions of the Constitution, most prominently in the following:
Article II, Section 23: “The State shall encourage non-governmental,

community-based, or sector organizations that promote the welfare of the nation.”
Article XIII, Section 15: “The State shall respect the role of independent
people’s organizations to enable the people to pursue and protect, within the
democratic framework, their legitimate and collective interests and aspirations through
peaceful and lawful means.
36
Article XIII, Section 16: “The right of the people and their organizations to
effective and reasonable participation at all levels of social, political and economic
decision-making shall not be abridged. The State shall, by law, facilitate the
establishment of adequate consultation mechanisms.”
According to Tocqueville, civil society plays a role as a key player in the

decentralization of governance and democratic governance. This activity not only to
society but the country also is based on the institutions of democracy and the process
on the country. Civil society is seen as supporting structure in terms of democratizing
the country. According to Robert Putnam, that the role of civil society is closely related
to social capital, that is through norms and networks to enhance the quality of life,
which both can build trust and reciprocity in achieving goals with actions collective.
Furthermore, according to Cox, the civil society is seen as an arena to fight for
and construct an alternative mode of democracy, in accordance with the needs of
particular social classes in exclusion. The relationship between civil society and
democracy the more complex when civil society functioning as a giver of influence on
institutions and governance at the country level, where decentralized power,
resources, and local authorities or institutions non-state deliberated to dominate
politics. Civil society does have a role in making a change in the country, especially in
a democracy.
The movement was undertaken by the civil society generally to establish a

democracy by way of making the transition to democracy, the consolidation of
democracy. This looks at the characteristics of civil society can contribute to the
political situation in a country, for example, monitor the Government, negotiate in
shaping the new Constitution and so on. Democracy gives its own strengths to the
development of civil society in a country, and provide the consequences, i.e., an arena
of power, inequality, camps, conflict, and cooperation among competing identities and
interests.
Civil society can maintain or establish a democracy in a country that is based on its
function, namely:
1. Democracy will run well if there are groups of people who control the Government,
civil society always monitor how public officials in power, using its strength in making
policy, demanding the freedom of access to information laws or regulations such as
the eradication of corruption.
2. Civil society can expose events that exist within the Government, lobbying to reform
the existing policy. Democracies make their role more effectively.
3. Civil society may encourage the life of Westernization in everyday life, such as
tolerance, moderation, compromise, and respect for differences of opinion. Without
such attitudes, then democracy will not run stable.

37
4. Civil society can promote democratic political participation with the fight for their
rights as citizens, aspires at the voice, solving together and argue about public issues.
5. Civil society can provide the education of democracy, with the cultivation of the
values, concepts, along with training that relates to democracy.
6. Civil society acts as an arena to express, lobbying, which can then be strengthened
democracy because of the formation of new interests and form solidarity so that
democracy can be stable.
7. Civil society can provide information and monitor the elections as well as the
resolution of a conflict. Some of these functions can make democracies can be
effective and legitimate, because of the positive relationship between civil society and
democracy.
Social Movements can be thought of as organized yet informal social entities

that are engaged in an extra-institutional conflict that is oriented towards a goal which
can be concrete and narrow policy or aimed at cultural change (EBSCO Research
Starters, 2009). Furthermore, Social movements are broad alliances of people who
are connected through their shared interest in social change. Social movements can
advocate for a particular social change, but they can also organize to oppose a social
change that is being advocated by another entity. These movements do not have to
be formally organized to be considered social movements. Different alliances can work
separately for common causes and still be considered a social movement.
Tilly (1978) outline a four-stage process of social movement. In the preliminary

stage, people become aware of an issue, and leaders emerge. This is followed by the
coalescence stage when people join together and organize in order to publicize the
issue and raise awareness. In the institutionalization stage, the movement no longer
requires grassroots volunteerism: it is an established organization, typically with a paid
staff. When people fall away and adopt a new movement, the movement successfully
brings about the change it sought, or when people no longer take the issue seriously,
the movement falls into the decline stage.
Social movements are purposeful, organized groups, either with the goal of
pushing toward change, giving political voice to those without it, or gathering for some
other common purpose. Social movements intersect with environmental changes,
technological innovations, and other external factors to create social change. There
are a myriad of catalysts that create social movements, and the reasons that people
join are as varied as the participants themselves. Sociologists look at both the macro-
and micro analytical reasons that social movements occur, take root, and ultimately
succeed or fail.

38
Role of Civil Society towards Philippine Democracy
Civil society in the Philippines cannot put his position on democratization,

though the movement is more courageous. However, the fragmented civil society
because of the differences of different interests. Civil society formed by two streams
democracy, namely the power elite and the political power, has more free space. The
fundamental strength of democracy of civil society in the Philippines discovered by
basic Alliance of workers and peasants.
The community banded together to build their strength. Civil society in the
Philippines can make a transformation of democracy from formal democracy into
substantive democracy, in order to increase transparency in Government. In fact, the
activities of civil society in the Philippines are infected by the pervasive patron-client
system, which they are ostensibly dedicated to subverting.
Even when a new institutional process that would benefit NGOs (such as the
party-list elections) “appears on the horizon, it is distorted by a Congress dominated
by traditional politicians. Democratization, still incomplete, is no such process. Issues
addressed by civil society in the Philippines island reform. There are so many forms
of civil society in the Philippines, i.e. free independent media; community-based social
activism; politically sensitized parts of Catholic Church; alternative politics to Marcos
Party; armed underground. For example, Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (Bayan) was
created in 1985 by more than 1,000 mass organizations. It fights for national and social
liberation against imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucrat capitalism.
Bayan fights for the nationalistic and democratic needs of the people through
legal and militant forms of struggle, and, though it does not participate in the armed
struggle. National Secretariat of Social Action-Justice and Peace (NASSA), was
created by the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) in 1966. It
focuses on poverty alleviation, democratic governance, ecology and integrity of
creation, peace, and development.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Explain the concept, role, and contributions of civil society, societies and
social movements to Philippine democracy (Quarter 2, Week 14).

39
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1 “Pic Ko, Comment Mo”
Based from the picture given, identify if it is a part of civil society or social
movements. After which, give your comment.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
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40
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 “What’s in the hashtag game”
Using the following hashtags, describe how civil society organizations

and social movements contribute to Philippine society and in particular to
keeping alive the democracy. Write your answer on the space provided.
Example:
#OrganisasyonParaSaKalikasan
-Ang pamahalaan ng bansa sa pamamagitan Saligatang Batas ng 1987 ay

naglalayong mapreserba at mapaunlad ang paggamit at pagkansumo ng mga likas na
yaman na kung saan ay matatamasa rin ito ng mga susunod na henerasyon.. Ang
mga organisasyong naglalayong maisakatuparan ang mithiing ito ng batas, ay may
mahalagang gampanin sa ika-uunlad ng bansa. Sa pamamagitan ng mga
organisasyong para sa kalikasan, makakamtan ang pagunlad sa trabaho dahil sa
turismo, sapat na produksiyon para sa pagkain at iba pa.
#OrganisasyonParaSaTunayNaPagbabago
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

41
#OrganisasyongParaSaMahihirap
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
#OrganisasyongTutulongSaEdukasyonNgKabataangPilipino
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 “Buhay NGO Game”
Identify one Non-Government Organization (NGO) in your municipality or

barangay. Enumerate its programs/projects and its benefits to the
community. Cite particular hardships/challenges it encountered and how
they were able to overcome it.
Example:
Name of the Non-government Green Thumbs Organization

organization(NGO)
(Programs/Projects Implemented) -Kwentong Edukalidad sa panahon ng

pandemya
-Mass tree planting revolution
-GreenThumbsConcertForaCAuse

42
Effects of the Programs/Projects -Deserving students with poor economic
Implemented condition were given free tablets and cash
prizes to cope with the online class amidst the
pandemic
-Free face shields and face masks were

provided for all the frontliners in the municipality
-Establishment of organic farming in an adopted

barangay for better agriculture
Challenges encountered in -Available funds

implementing their program/project
-Human Resources
-Active responses and involvement of the youth

leaders and members.
Way/s on addressing the -Effective Communication with stakeholders and

challenges encountered in local officials
implementing their program/project.
-More youth-centered programs and projects
-Spirit of collaboration and unity
-Affiliations with other organizations with similar

goals
Name of the Non-government

organization(NGO)
(Programs/Projects Implemented)

43
Effects of the Programs/Projects
Implemented
Challenges encountered in
implementing their
program/project
Way/s on addressing the

challenges encountered in
implementing their
program/project.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4 “My CSO Dream”
If you were given a chance to start a civil society organization or social

movement in your own municipality or barangay what would it be? What
programs/projects would you implement? How will it be able to help your
municipality or barangay? Use the template below for your answer.
44
Example:
Name of the Civil Society The Intellectual Society Organization

Organization or Social Movement
Programs/Projects of the Civil -Researches that may be used by local

Society Organization government officials in establishing policies and
projects.
Or Social Movement
-Investigatory research projects that will the local
government I promoting local products and the
creation of tools that are relevant in times of
calamities such as survival bags and localized
flood detectors.
-Free tutorial service for out-of-school youths
Name of the Civil Society

Organization
Or Social Movement
Program/Projects of the Civil

Society Organization
Or Social Movement

45
Significance of the Civil Society
Organization
or Social Movement to the
community
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
Excellent Very Good Average Needs

5 4 3 Improvement
2
This paper is This paper is The writer is Topic is not well-
clear and mostly focused, beginning to define defined and/or
focused. It holds and has some the topic, even there are too many
the reader's good details and though topics.
Ideas
attention. quotes. development is still
Relevant details basic or general.
and quotes enrich
the central theme.
The organization Paper (and The organizational Sentences within
enhances and paragraphs) are structure is strong paragraphs make
showcases the mostly enough to move sense, but the
central idea or organized, in the reader through order of
theme. The order, order, and the text without too paragraphs does
Organization
structure of makes sense to much confusion. not.
information is the reader.
compelling and
moves the reader
through the text.
The writing has The writing The text hums The text seems
an easy flow, mostly flows, and along with a choppy and is not
Sentence rhythm, and usually invites steady beat, but easy to read orally.
Fluency cadence. oral reading. tends to be more
Sentences are businesslike than
well built, with musical, more
46
strong and varied mechanical than
structure that fluid.
invites expressive
oral reading.
REFLECTION
• I learned that ___________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
• I enjoyed most on _______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
REFERENCES:
BOOKS
Tilly, Charles. 1978. From Mobilization to Revolution. New York: Mcgraw-Hill

College.
Tabajen, R. and Pulma, E. (2016). Philippine Politics and Governance. Civil Society
and Social Movement. Chapter 11.
WEBSITES
Asian Development Bank-Civil Soceity Briefs. (2011). Retrieved from

https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/30174/csb-phi.pdf.
Lumen Learning – Introduction to Sociology. (2010). Retrieved from

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/social-movements/
Philippine Agriculture and Resources Researches Foundation, Inc. (2018). Retrieved

fromfindglocal.com/PH/Los-Ba%C3%B1os/262953280706643/Philippine-
Agriculture-and-Resources-Research-Foundation%2C-Inc.---PARRFI
47
Putri, Alya .(2018). A Relationship Between Civil Society and Democracy. Retrieved
from https://medium.com/@alyadjunas19/a-relationship-between-civil-society-and-
democracy-the-case-of-philippines-and-indonesia-bef28d606939
Shaw, Kendra. (2020). What is the Role of Civil Society? Retrieved from
https://www.missionbox.com/article/418/social-change-whats-the-role-of-civil-
society
ANSWER KEY:
All activities – Answer may vary
Prepared by:
ARVEE M. BUTAC
Teacher/Writer

48
GOVERNANCE
Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
CITIZENSHIP
Citizenship is a term denoting membership of a citizen in a political society

which membership implies, equally, a duty of allegiance or loyalty on the part of the
members and duty of protection on the part of the state.
Citizen is a person having the title of citizenship. He is a member of a

democratic community who enjoys full civil and political rights and is accorded
protection inside and outside the territory of the State.
From the point of view of International law, Citizenship do not exactly mean the
same as Nationality. Nationality can only be applied to the country where an
individual has been born. Citizenship is a legal status which means that an individual
has been registered with the government of any given country. Nationality is got
through inheritance from parents. Citizenship is granted when an individual is
accepted into that country's political framework through legal means. No one is able
to change their nationality but one can have different citizenship.
THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
ARTICLE IV- CITIZENSHIP
Section 1. The following are citizens of the Philippines:
[1] Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this
Constitution;
[2] Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
[3] Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
[4] Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

49
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A FILIPINO CITIZEN
The prime duty of the government is for its citizens to serve and protect in turn it
shall be the obligations of the entire citizen to do their duties and responsibilities as
Filipino citizens of the country as listed below:
1.Defend our country from enemies and invaders.
2.Pay his/her taxes willingly and promptly.
3.Be loyal to our country.
4.Take care and conserve our natural resources.
5.Help our country for growth and development.
6.Keep our surroundings clean.
7.Study well and become a productive individual.
8.Obey the laws and maintain peace and order in the community.
9.Preserve the Filipino culture and identity.
10.Participate actively n various government programs.
11.Vote wisely and chose candidates who can serve the people and our country.
12.Respect the rights of others
Active Citizenship is used to describe citizens that engage in a broad range

of activities that promote and sustain democracy. Active citizenship usually refers to
participation that requires respect for others and that does not contravene human
rights and democracy. This additional element is used to highlight that participation
per se can lead to or be a part of nondemocratic activities that can create harm to
certain social groups. These actions include civil society activities such as protesting
and collecting petitions, and Community activities such as volunteering, and
conventional political engagement such as voting or campaigning for elections.
Examples of active citizens
Voting for elections Learn the law of your community

50
Be a volunteer in one of the Participate in the Barangay clean-up drive
Organizations in the Philippines
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Explain the importance of Active citizenship (Quarter 1, Week 15).
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1 – ANALOGY ORGANIZER
Based on your understanding on the difference between nationality and

citizenship, complete the data needed in the Analogy Organizer Diagram.
Write your answer in each of the boxes.
NATIONALITY CITIZENSHIP

51
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – BECOMING A FILIPINO CITIZEN!
Answer the following questions based on your understanding.
1. How does someone become a citizen of the Philippines?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the roles and rights of a citizen?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 – I VOLUNTEER!

Re
Using the pictures below, answer the question based on your
understanding.
1. What do you think are the benefits of volunteering in community activities?

Would you like to serve as volunteer to a certain community
program/project/activity why or why not?

52
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4 –WALL OF CHANGE!
Make a collage about the things you would like to change in the
Philippines.
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
Criteria 2 3 4 5
Variety of  limited  adequate  good variety excellent

pictures variety of variety of of pictures variety of
pictures used pictures used used to pictures used
 used to to develop the
to develop the to develop the develop the
develop main main idea main idea main idea main idea
idea

53
Ideas few original some original several many original
ideas in ideas in original ideas ideas in
 originality material or material or in material or material and
display are display are display are display are
 interest
evident to evident to evident to evident and
stimulate stimulated stimulate stimulate a
interest some interest much interest great deal of
interest
Relevance of little material some material material material

material selected is selected is selected is selected is all
relevant and relevant and mostly relevant and
 connected to rarely somewhat relevant and clearly
main idea connected to connected to connected to connected to
the main idea the main idea the main idea the main idea
Visual Impact overall visual overall visual overall visual overall visual
impact is impact is impact is impact is very
 effectiveness limited somewhat effective effective
of overall effective
presentation
REFLECTION
• I learned that ___________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
• I enjoyed most on _______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

54
REFERENCES:
BOOK:
Tabajen, R. & Pulma, E. (2016). Philippine Politics and Governance, 121-126
WEBSITES:
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-
of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-iv/
Nosko, A. & Szeger, K. (2013),

https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/active-citizenship-can-change-your-
country-better
ANSWER KEY:
Activity 1:
1. Nationality can only be applied to the country where an individual has been
born. Citizenship is a legal status which means that an individual has been
registered with the government of any given country. Nationality is got through
inheritance from parents.
2. Citizenship is granted when an individual is accepted into that country's political
framework through legal means.
Activity 2: Becoming a Fiipino Citizen-
1. The following are citizens of the Philippines

• Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of
this Constitution;
• Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
• Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect
Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
• Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
2. Answers may vary
Activity 3: I VOLUNTEER- Answers may vary
Activity 4: WALL OF CHANGE- Answers may vary
Prepared by:
MARIA JAMILLA R. PUA

Writer

55
GOVERNANCE
Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
INTEGRATION AND YOUTH EMPOWERMENT
“The youth is the hope of our Fatherland”. It is one of the most famous line
uttered by Dr. Jose P. Rizal, our National Hero pertaining to his belief about the youth
and its importance to the country.
Section 13, Article II of the 1987 Constitution provides the constitutional basis
for youth empowerment. This provision acknowledges the crucial part of the youth in
nation building.
As the Philippine government upholds its constitutional mandate, several laws

and programs are implemented to ensure youth empowerment. These includes but
not limited to (1) the establishment of the National Youth Commission (NYC), and (2)
the implementation of Sangguniang Kabataan (SK).
NATIONAL YOUTH COMMISSION
The National Youth Commission (NYC) was established by virtue of Republic

Act No. 8044, otherwise known as the “Youth in Nation Building Act of 1995”. Section
6 of the Act provides that the NYC shall be the policy-making coordinating body of all
youth-related institutions, programs, projects and activities of the government.
Its objective includes to provide the leadership in the formulation of policies and
in the setting of priorities and direction of all youth promotion and development
programs and activities; to encourage wide and active participation of the youth in all
governmental and non-governmental programs, projects and activities affecting them;
to harness and develop the full potential of the youth as partners in nation-building;
and to supplement government appropriations for youth promotion and development
with funds from other sources as stipulated in Section 8.
In 2017 as part of its mandate, the NYC formulated the Philippine Youth
Development Plan for 2017 – 2022. The PYDP 2017-2022 seeks to enable, ensure

56
and promote the youth’s active, meaningful, and holistic participation in society in the
nine centers which have emerged from national and regional consultations: Health,
Social inclusion & equity, Active citizenship, Education, Peace-building & security,
Environment, Economic empowerment, Governance, Global mobility. It expounds on
these nine centers using the 8Cs of participation: categories, centers, clusters,
conditions, consequences, considerations, contexts, and cues.
By the end of 2022, it envisions Filipino youth are healthy, educated, patriotic,
globally mobile, and active in government and civil society. They live in a peaceful,
secure, and socially-inclusive society where there is respect for and equality across
genders, faiths, and cultures. They engage in gainful economic activity across various
locales and sectors and they have access, use, and transform technology, information,
and services for the betterment of the society.
Youth Development Program under the National Youth Commission
1. National Youth Parliament (NYP)
Under Section 13 of Republic Act No. 8044, convening of youth

parliament should be made upon the call of the NYC thus the conduct of the
National Youth Parliament. The NYP is a 3-day convention of youth leaders
every two years wherein policy recommendations are formulated to address
youth issues. These recommendations may also serve as the government’s
guide in policy formulation and program development.
2. The Ship for Southeast Asian and Japanese Youth Program (SSEAYP)
It is a program based on the respective joint statements issued in

January 1974 between the ASEAN Member countries (Republic of Indonesia,
Malaysia. Republic of the Philippines, Republic of Singapore, and Kingdom of
Thailand) and Japan. It aims to promote friendship and mutual understanding
among the youth of Japan and the ten Southeast Asian countries. It also seeks
to broaden the perspective on the world and to strengthen their spirit of
international cooperation and practical skills for international collaboration.
3. Youth Organizations’ Registration Program (YORP)

The NYC as part of its mandate shall register, help and facilitate the
establishment of Youth Organizations and Youth Serving Organizations in order
to foster cooperation among organizations in order to establish up relationship
with the youth and facilitate a more active participation in its programs.
4. Ten Accomplished Youth Organizations (TAYO)

The Ten Accomplished Youth Organizations (TAYO) is an annual search
conducted to identify and recognize outstanding organizations and its
exemplary programs for the contributions made for the progress of our society.
57
5. Local Youth Development Program
Local Youth Development Program is responsible for the formulation of
policies and implementation of youth development programs at the
city/municipal level in coordination with various government and non-
governmental organizations.
6. Mindanao 2020
"Mindanao 2020" is the new banner Peace and Development Advocacy
Program of the National Youth Commission. It is a comprehensive advocacy-
training program on the culture of peace, human rights and the indigenous
peoples. It aims to advance the promotion of peace, racial and cultural
tolerance, respect for the environment, rights of children, youth, women and the
indigenous peoples.
7. Abot-Alam National Program for Out-of-School Youth

Abot-Alam is a program which seeks to help community-based youth
particularly out-of-school youth (OSY) through opportunities for education,
possible career and employment.
8. Straw Desk (Students’ Rights and Welfare Desk)

The STRAW Desk program aims to aid in the policy formulation and
development of the Students’ Rights and Welfare, promote and advocate
STRAW among stakeholders, primarily the students, school administrators and
teachers, and relevant government agencies, and pilot a mechanism for the
processing of complaints pertaining to STRAW concerns and violations.
ISSUES AND CONCERNS
Issues and concerns which serve as the main bases for PYDP 2017-2022 was
based on the National Youth Assessment Study (NYAS) 2015 which provides the
latest data on the youth’s conditions, perceptions, attitudes and behaviors. These
includes issues on Health, Social inclusion & equity, Active citizenship, Education,
Peace-building & security, Environment, Economic empowerment, Governance,
Global mobility. The NYAS2015 offered significant insights about the issues and
concern that Filipino youth encounters however, there remains significant limitations
on its coverage, particularly in terms of active citizenship, environment, global mobility
and security.
SANGGUNIANG KABATAAN (SK)
Through the Local Government Code of 1991 (Republic Act 7160), young
people are provided with the opportunity to directly participate in local governance
particularly barangay affairs with the creation of Sangguniang Kabataan(SK) and
Katipunan ng Kabataan (KK) in each barangay composed of all youth aged 15 to 21-
58
year-olds residing for not less than six months and is duly registered in the official list
of sangguniang kabataan. In 1995, with the passage of R.A. 8044, that created the
National Youth Commission, the secretariat functions of SK were transferred to the
NYC which in effect replaced Presidential Council for Youth Affairs (PCYA). In 2002,
the age bracket for KK membership was changed, through R.A. 9164, from 15 to 21
years old to 15 to 17 years old. Due to many challenges and call for abolition, SK
Reform Act of 2015 (R.A. 10742) was passed into law. It aims to reinforce the role of
youth participation in nation-building making them into better citizens with internalized
values of patriotism, nationalism, and honor as a Filipino. The new law renews SK with
various significant reforms such as age scope expansion (must be 15 to 30 years old
to become members of Katipunan ng Kabataan and 18 – 24 years old to qualify for
elective and appointed positions), anti-political dynasty provision (If seeking appointed
or elective positions, candidates must not be related within the second civil degree of
consanguinity or affinity to any incumbent elected national official or to any incumbent
elected regional, provincial, city, municipal, or barangay official, in the locality where
he or she seeks to be elected), (3) financial independence (Ten percent (10%) of the
general fund of the barangay shall be set aside for the Sangguniang Kabataan.),
provision for the establishment of the Local Youth Development Council (LYDC) and
the Local Youth Development Office (LYDO), and (5) Mandatory and continuing
training of SK officials and mandatory celebration of Linggo ng Kabataan.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Explain issues and programs related to political engagement and youth

empowerment (Quarter 2, Week 16)
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1 – POWER ME UP
Using the box below cite/give situations where you feel powerful and
powerless. On the left side, you will give a situation that has made you
feel powerful. On the right side, give a situation that has made you feel
powerless. After which give a brief explanation about why you feel
powerful and powerless in those situations.

59
I felt powerful because I felt powerless because
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – I WILL SURVIVE
Based on the poster below, how are you going to rank the
issues/concerns of youth in the Philippines according to its impact on
your life? Give a brief explanation on why you came up with the said
ranking. Use the table below for your answer

60
Issues/ Concerns According to Reasons
Its Rank
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

61
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 – MY VOICE MATTERS
Part of the reform implemented by R.A. 10742 (SK Reform Act of 2015)
is on anti-political dynasty as shown below. What is your stand in the
said reform? Are you in favor or not? Explain your stand in 10 – 15
sentences.

62
63
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4 – IF I MAY
If you were given a chance to implement a program for the Katipunan ng

Kabataan to be sponsored by your Sangguniang Kabataan leaders,
what program would it be? How will the program able to help your fellow
youth? Use the template below for your answer. An example is provided
after the template.
Program/Project Title
__________________________________________________________
Description:
__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Reason for Implementing the Program
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

64
Example
Program/Project Title
PROJECT P- agtatanim
I - sagawa
T – ulong sa
A – urora at
K – alikasan
Description:
PROJECT PITAK aims to plant 50 trees yearly in the river banks of Magat
River (under the municipality of Aurora, Isabela) as a manifestation of its
support and commitment in the clean and green program of the Provincial
Government of Isabela particularly Project RIPARIAN as well as the
Municipality of Aurora.
Reason for Implementing the Program
1. Aurora particularly barangays Villa Fugu and Panecien are situated along
one of the major river system in Isabela, the Magat River.
2. Planting of trees along the river banks of Magat would help in preventing
degradation of soil and siltation that causes the river to become shallow.
3. It would help prevent flashfloods and hazardous flooding in the barangays
situated along Magat River.
4. Planting of trees along the river banks of Magat would help improve the
air quality and reduce pollution.

65
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
Activity 1
Category Outstanding Satisfactory Needs Unsatisfactory (1)

(4) (3) Improvement
(2)
Content Content is Content is Content is not Content is

comprehensive accurate and comprehensive incomplete and
, accurate, and persuasive. and. are not clear
persuasive. - Content is
- Content is clear.
very clear.
Activity 2

(4) (3) Improvement
(2)
Completion Fully Partially Barely Did not complete

Completed the completed the completed the the task
task. task task
Content Content is Content is Content is not Content is

comprehensive accurate and comprehensive. incomplete and
, accurate, and persuasive. Responses are reasons are not
persuasive. - Responses inadequate or clear
Reasons are are adequate do not address
well explained, and address topic.
timely and topic.
address topic. - Content is
- Content is clear.
very clear.

66
Activity 3

(4) (3) Improvement
(2)
Completion Fully Partially Barely Did not complete

Completed the completed the completed the the task
task. task task
Content & - Content is - Content is - Content is not - Content is

Development complete, accurate and complete and incomplete.
accurate, and persuasive. /or persuasive. - Major points are
persuasive. - Major points - Major points not clear.
- Major points are stated. are addressed, -Specific examples
are stated - Responses but not well are not used.
clearly and are are adequate supported.
well supported. and address - Responses are
- Responses topic. inadequate or
are excellent, - Content is do not address
timely and clear. topic.
address topic. -Specific -Specific
- Content is examples are examples do not
clear. used. support topic.
-Specific
examples are
used.
Organization -Structure is - Structure is - Structure is not - Organization and

clear and easy mostly clear easy to follow. structure detract
to follow. and easy to - Transitions from the message.
- Transitions follow. need - Writing lacks
are logical and - Transitions improvement. transition of
maintain the are present. thoughts.
flow of thought
throughout the
paper.

67
Viability 100% 85% possibility 70% possibility 55% possibility of
possibility of of the project to of the project to the project to be
the project to be be implemented implemented
be implemented
implemented
Activity 4

(4) (3) Improvement
(2)
Content & - Content is - Content is - Content is not - Content is

Development complete, accurate and complete and incomplete.
accurate, and persuasive. /or persuasive. - Major points are
persuasive. - Major points - Major points not clear.
- Major points are stated. are addressed, -Specific examples
are stated - Responses but not well are not used.
clearly and are are adequate supported.
well supported. and address - Responses are
- Responses topic. inadequate or
are excellent, - Content is do not address
timely and clear. topic.
address topic. -Specific -Specific
- Content is examples are examples do not
clear. used. support topic.
-Specific
examples are
used.
Organization -Structure of - Structure is - Structure of - Organization and

& Structure the essay is mostly clear the essay is not structure detract
clear and easy and easy to easy to follow. from the message.
to follow. follow. - Transitions - Writing lacks
- Transitions - Transitions need transition of
are logical and are present. improvement. thoughts.
maintain the
flow of thought
throughout the
paper.

68
Grammar, - Rules of - Rules of - Paper contains - Paper contains
Punctuation grammar, grammar, few numerous
& Spelling usage, and usage, and grammatical, grammatical,
punctuation are punctuation are punctuation and punctuation, and
followed; followed with spelling errors. spelling errors.
spelling is minor errors.
correct. Spelling is
correct.
REFLECTION
• I learned that ___________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
• I enjoyed most on _______________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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REFERENCES:
BOOK:
Melegrito, Ma. Lourdes F. and. Mendoza, Diana J. Politics Without Borders: Philippine
Politics and Governance, Phoenix Publishing House, Quezon City: 2016
Ramos, Renan E. Philippine Politics and Governance, Vibal Group, Inc., Quezon City:
2016

69
WEBSITES:
Rayos,J. (2020, May 25). Alamin Ang Reporma Sa SK!.Balikas
Online.http://www.balikas.net/alamin-ang-reporma-sa-sk/
National Youth Commission. (2020, May 25).Philippine Youth Development Plan (PYDP)
2017-2022. National Youth Commission. http://nyc.gov.ph/
National Youth Commission. (2020, May 25).Youth Development Programs. National

Youth Commission .http://nyc.xeozone.net/all-programs/
ANSWER KEY:
Activity 1:
Answers may vary
Activity 2
Answers may vary
Activity 3
Answers may vary
Activity 4
Answers may vary
Prepared by:
JASMIN I. LAPPAY
Teacher/Writer

70

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11

Philippine Politics and

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Learning Activity Sheet

Layout Artist : Jovencio C. Carig Jr.

Focal Persons : Emilia A. Estudillo, EdD, EPS AP, SDO Isabela

Printed by DepEd Regional Office No. 02

Analyze the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine Judiciary 1

Explain the roles and functions of Local Government Unit 13

Analyze the nature of elections and political parties in the Philippines 23

Explain the concept, role, and contributions of civil society, societies

Explain the importance of active citizenship 52

Explain issues and programs related to political engagement and youth

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE JUDICIARY

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times

Analyze the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine Judiciary (Quarter 1,

Learning Activity 1. LET’S WEIGH IN!

1. What do you see in the picture and

2. What does the picture means?

Learning Activity 2. GETTING TO KNOW EACH OTHER!

Directions. The Philippine Judiciary comprised of the different courts. Understanding

a. Supreme Court g. Shari’a Circuit Courts

b. Sandiganbayan h. Municipal Trial Courts

c. Court of Appeals i. Metropolitan Trial Courts

d. Court of Tax Appeals j. Municipal Circuit Trial Courts

e. Regional Trial Courts k. Metropolitan Trial Courts in Cities

f. Shari’a District Courts

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times

Learning Activity 3. FILL ME UP WITH YOUR LOVE!

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times

Regional Trial Court MUNICIPAL T/C METROPOLITAN T/C

MCTC Court of Tax Appeals

Learning Activity 4 LETS GET LOUD!

(A caricature is a picture, description, or imitation of a person in which certain striking

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times

• I learned that ___________________________________________________

• I enjoyed most on _______________________________________________

• I want to learn more _____________________________________________

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times

Rubric in Grading the Caricature

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times

Activity 1 answers vary

Court of Appeals Sandiganbayan Court of Tax Appeals

Regional Trial Court Shari’a District Court

MUNICIPAL T/C MCTC METROPOLITAN T/C MTCC Shari’a Circuit Court

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times

NOR MAR LUBO CABADDU

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times

Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

Local government is a part of the whole government of a nation or state which

Local government is responsible for:

• The function of and delivery of a complete range of services and

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times

The provincial governor is the chief executive of the provincial government. He

The levels of the Local Government in the Philippines are:

1. Provinces – intermediate unit is providing supervision to the municipalities and

Section: ___________ Date:

Section: ___________ Date: