GE1210 MIDTERM DELIVERABLE

February 17, 2021

CLASS CODE: 16-630
NAME: CABALLERO, JOSHUA R.

WRITING RULES
1. MINIMUM OF 200 WORDS PER QUESTION.
2. Do not copy/paste the reading and/or rewrite the reading word for word. This will result to
an automatic F in my class. PLUS YOU MAY BE KICKED OUT OF ATENEO IF YOU
DO.
3. Justify (CTRL+J) your paragraph.
4. Read your essay out loud before submitting it. You will realize it is not worth submitting yet
and revisions are needed. If you run out of breath while reading a sentence, that sentence is too
long.
5. Use Grammarly.
6. THOSE WHO DO NOT UTILIZE THE READING WILL RECEIVE AN F.
7. IF YOU ALREADY ANSWERED SOME OF THE QUESTIONS IN YOUR
PREVIOUS DELIVERABLES, YOU MAY COPY/PASTE THOSE ANSWERS. JUST
MAKE THOSE ANSWERS BETTER.

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QUESTIONS (CHOOSE ONLY FIVE QUESTIONS TO ANSWER):
1) Why is speculative philosophy of history relevant?

` Speculative history is a subject that views history holistically. It includes

connecting the relationship of the past, present, and the future. However, one's
comprehension of history should not be only as what is in the past, but forbye depict
the present's shape. In general, Speculative History highlights the context of an
individual where it embodies itself in the environment. Moreover, this leads to a way
of reflecting on the reason why an event happened. Furthermore, by reflecting on the
past and what is happening in the present, speculating can help one reflect on things it
can do for its own sake and future.
In this case, history also paves the way for future incidents. This speculative
topic poses its significance in making sense of the events that already happened in the
past. By this, it enables one to act suitably from the history that the inquirer acquired.
Furthermore, it is intrinsic for humans to provide meaning to the things they have
encountered. Thus, speculative history poses its significance to humans since it helps
them seek meaning to manufacture sensibility into their narrative by holistically
reflecting a person's discovery and delving into a deeper investigation into the history
and providing a better explanation from the things that happened in the past.

2) How can history be objective and what is a truly nationalist history according to
“THE HISTORIAN’S TASK IN THE PHILIPPINES pp. 11-15”?
The section entitled "The historian's task in the Philippines" depicts a historian
seeking the truth about the past, gathering legitimate information and authentic sources
from individuals involved in the occurrence of the historical events.
Historians also can conduct an investigation of past events, which helps them to
discover answers derived from the questions made by the people who try to discover
their identity and origin. Moreover, these answers help historians navigate the mysteries
of the events and seek the reality they try to answer.
In addition, the works made by historians can result in honest and meaningful
work, since as the book section pointed out, the true meaning of a nationalist history is
to acknowledge all aspects of every primary people, for the reason that they
authentically understand the occurrence and feelings of the past. In this manner, this
refers to the Filipino people's origin, where there were also various nationalist writings
when the Philippines was held captive by their past colonizers.
Furthermore, a historian's work can be objective, and the biased individuals
include prejudice of their work in translating the history of the Filipino people is biased
and does not correlate with the actual events that happened in the past.

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3) Discuss how port-polities developed in the Southeast Asian region according to
“NEW STATES AND REORIENTATIONS, 1368–1764 pp.41-42”.
In 1368, the first ruler of the Ming Dynasty of China declared a new order. The
Maritime trade would be a part of the government monopoly. Distinct nations
distinguished as accrediting thralls were guaranteed to trade with China, but they
omitted private barters. Moreover, Southeast Asian port-polities subsidized the
institutional and monetary assets.
This trade also focalized the Southeast Asian realms not only industrially but
also politically. The Chinese monarch welcomed encomium commissions bringing
commodities, knowledge, and sanctions of integrity, and the Southeast Asian port-
polities subsidized with the institutional and fiscal assets. However, this scheme only
remained for almost a centenary before the Chinese monarchs discarded it. The Ming
Dynasty trade command rendered the first sovereign of this new port-state a favorable
opportunity and made various personal representations at the metropolis to ensure
security. The port-state republics obtained both civil and urbane. After the Chinese
emperors squandered concern in the southeast commerce, certain port-states proceeded
to administer the sector as political, industrial, and social centers until the end of the
sixteenth century. They also represented a significant role in the diffusion of Islam as a
faith and political system.
Thus, the port-polities spurred the development of paramount port-states
throughout the region.
4) Discuss the REDUCCION and the relationships between the Friars,
Encomenderos, and Datus/Principalia according to “SPANISH RULE: SOCIAL,
SPATIAL, AND SPIRITUAL REDEFINITION pp.53-60”.

In the section: Spanish Rule: Social, Spatial, and Spiritual Redefinition, there
have been discussions about the Reduccion, and the relationship among Friars,
Encomienderos, and Principalia.
First, the Reduccion (Spanish term for the English word: Reduction) is a way
of integrating communities into newly organized towns, where back then, people built
these towns around a newly-established church with a resident friar. Moreover, this
concept's objective was to move all natives (Indios) into Christian communities (also
called Bajo de campana) and accurately record the tax collection population.
Moreover, in the process, there were people involved which contributed to the
success of the Reduccion. The relationship of these people, the Friars, Encomienderos,
and Principalia (former Datu). The Friars, and the Encomienderos are two
representatives of the Spanish state, where the friars, back then was also in charge of
political duties, and were one of the greatest political powers. The relationship of these
two became aggravated as they became rivals since the friars began to report abuse in
the tax collection, declaring that these causes made by Encomienderos hurt the cause
of Christ through brutality and greed.
On the other hand, a new class, Principalia was established after the Spaniards
put an end to raiding and bondage, caused to decrease the privilege and powers of a

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 Datu, they became an important instrument to influence their people to put themselves
into cabeceras, and were also rewarded of a position such
as gobernadorcillo, and cabeza de barangay.

5) What are the main concepts of pp. 66-72 of the SPANISH RULE: SOCIAL,
SPATIAL, AND SPIRITUAL REDEFINITION Reading?
The main concepts of pages 66-72 in the reading depicted the Philippine culture
changes when the Spaniards came to the country in the 16th century:
1. Spain coerced or coaxed the barangays to towns organized around a newly built
church with resident friars. The objective of the Reduccion was to bring all Indios
(Filipinos) to Christian communities and count the population for tribute collection
accurately.
2. The community's settlement was adapted to follow the rational lines derived from
classical western theory.
3. The structure of administrative authority evolved after pacification around the
lowland areas of Luzon and Visayas realized two rudimentary circumstances of the
conquest period, which was to:
• The immediate necessity of mobilizing labor and tribute collecting, which was
a significant revenue source for the early colonial state, and
• A shortage of civilian officials in the far-flung outpost of the empire.
4. The two Spanish State representatives - Friars and Encomiendero - became rivals
when the friars complained about abuse in tribute collection. The resettled barangays
had almost no access to currency. As a result, the natives back then were paid "in-kind."
5. The new order caused changes in the political economy, class structure evolution,
and gender regime of indigenous Philippine societies. The Datus back then were
changed of their authorities, where they helped in the reduccion which helped them
maintain their status. A new class, Principalia, was formed consisting of ex-datus and
their descendants who lived nearthe plaza mayor. Lastly, the reduccion affected the
lives of many female priests because of Christianity.

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