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Maths WorkBook of Solution 4
Maths WorkBook of Solution 4
Workbook of
Solution 4
NUMBERS
Number
Chapter 1: Number
1 During one week in April, in Quebec, the daily minimum temperatures were
Write down
(a) the lowest of these temperatures,
-5°C
Answer: (a) [1]
(b) the range of these temperatures.
range = highest – lowest
= 6 – (-5)
= 11
11°C
Answer: (b) [1]
53
2 23 48% 4.80
11 [First convert all the numbers
to decimal then compare and
Write the numbers in order of size with the largest first.
write original numbers not
53 = 4.818181 decimal ]
23 = 4.795831523, 48% = 0.48,
11
53 > 4.80 >
23 > 48%
11
Answer: (b) [1]
3 Ricardo changed $ 600 into pounds (£) when the exchange rate $ 1 = £ 0.60.
He later changed all the pounds back into dollars when the exchange rate was $ 1 = £ 0.72.
How many dollars did he receive?
$ £ $ £
1 0.60 1 0.72
600 x x 360
3
Workbook of Variant 3
= 252 × 5
18
= 70 m/s
70 m/s
Answer: [2]
5 Amalie makes a profit of 20% when she sells a shirt for $ 21.60.
Calculate how much Amalie paid for the shirt. [% is always 100]
cost x 21.60
x = 100 × 2.160
100
x = 18
$18
Answer: [2]
seconds microseconds
1 106
x 3 × 1013
x= 3 × 1013
106
x = 30000000 sec
4
Number
10 The length of each side of an equilateral triangle is 74 mm, correct to the nearest millimetre.
Calculate the smallest possible perimeter of the triangle.
220.5 mm
Answer: [2]
8 = 2
12 3
2:3
Answer: (a) (i) [1]
(ii) Daniella receives $ 30.
Show that Edward receives $ 45.
Daniella Edward
Ratio 2 3
Money 30 x
x = 3 × 30
2
x = $45
$ 45
Answer: (a) (ii) [1]
(iii) What percentage of the total amount of money given by their parents does Edward
receive?
= 45 × 100
45 + 30
= 60
5
Workbook of Variant 3
10
Diagram 1 2 3 4 5 ------ n
6
Number
79601
Answer: (c) (i) [1]
(ii) on the sides of the square.
4 × 200 = 800
800
Answer: (c) (ii) [1]
(d) Which diagram has 265 dots inside the square?
(n − 1)2 + n2 = 265
[ans through caculator]
n2 − 2n + 1 + n2 = 265
2n2 − 2n + 1 − 265 = 0
2n2 − 2n − 264 = 0
n = 12
12
Answer: (d) [1]
hour minutes
23 05
− 1 10
7
Workbook of Variant 3
60 %
Answer: (a) (iii) [2]
(b) Daniella invests her $ 30 at 3% per year, compound interest.
Calculate the amount Daniella has after 2 years.
Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
Amount = P(1 + r )2
100
Amount = P(1 + 3 )2
100
Amount = 31.827
$31.83
Answer: (b) [3]
(c) Edward also invests $ 30.
He invests this money at rate of r % per year, simple interest.
After 5 years he has a total amount of $ 32.25.
Calculate the value of r.
Amount = principal + simple interest
32.25 = 30 + simple interest
simple interest = 32.25 − 30
simple interest = 2.25
p×t×r
simple interest =
100
30 × 5 × r
2.25 =
100
2.25 × 100
=r
30 × 5
r = 1.5
r = 1.5
Answer: (c) [2]
8
Number
[1 hour = 60 minutes]
hour minutes
22 65
− 1 10
21 55
21:55
Answer: [1]
1.6305
Answer: [2]
3 1 1
5 Show that 3 +1 =5
4 3 12
Write down all the steps in your working.
Answer 3 3 + 1 1
4 3
= 15 + 4
4 3
15 × 3 + 4 × 4
=
12 [L.C.M. of 3 and 4 is 12]
61
=
12
1
= 5 1
12 5
12
Answer: [1]
20 80 0.492 4.93%
41 161
↓ ↓ ↓
0.487804878 04968944099 0.0493
20 80
4.93% < < 0.492 <
41 161
Answer: [2]
9
Workbook of Variant 3
£ €
1 1.04
x 3.38
3.38
x= = £3.25
1.04
= £ 4.39 − £ 3.25
= £1.14
90 80
= 60, = 20
1.5 4
Number of small card = 60 × 20
= 1200
1200
Answer: [2]
$216.32
Answer: [2]
10
Number
0.1
half of 0.1 = = 0.05
2
lower bound of side = 6.3 − 0.05
= 6.25
lower bound of perimeter = 4 × 6.25
= 25
u = 25
Answer: (a) [1]
(b) v − u.
upper bound of perimetre = 6.3 + 0.05
= 6.35
v = upper bound of perimetre = 4 × 6.35
= 25.4
v − u = 25.4 − 25
= 0.4
0.4
Answer: (b) [1]
c = 10a + b
Answer: (b) [2]
11
Workbook of Variant 3
55 11
55 minute = hour = hour
60 12
20 1
20 seconds = hour =
60×60 180
11 1 83
Total time = + =
12 180 90
Total distance
Average Speed =
Total time
10
=
83 ÷ 90
= 10.84337349
10.8 km/h
Answer: [2]
Ratio 3 2 5 10
money x y 200
39
× 100 = 65
60
65%
Answer: (b) [2]
12
Number
Old New
% 100 80
Cost x 36.80
100 × 36.80
x =
80
x = 46
$ 46
Answer: [3]
(d) Vanessa buys some books and some pencils.
Each book costs $ 12 more than each pencil.
The total cost of 5 books and 2 pencils is $ 64.20.
Find the cost of one pencil.
let cost of one pencil be x.
so cost of one book will be x+12
5 (x + 12) + 2x = 64.20
5x + 60 + 2x = 64.20
7x = 64.20 − 60
7x = 4.20
4.20
x =
7
x = 0.6
$0.6
Answer: [3]
13
Workbook of Variant 3
11
Diagram 1 2 3 4 5 6
Area(cm2) 2 6 12 20 30 42
Number of dots 6 12 20 30 42 56
2550 cm2
Answer: (b) (i) [1]
(ii) Which Diagram has an area of 930 cm2 ?
n (n + 1) = 930
n2 + n = 930
n2 + n − 930 = 0
∆ n = 30
30
Answer: (b) (ii) [1]
Answer(c) [1]
241
Answer: (d) (ii) [1]
(iii) Which Diagram has 337 one centimetre lines ?
2n2 + 4n + 1 = 337
2n2 + 4n + 1− 337 = 0
2n2 + 4n − 336 = 0
2(n2 + 2n − 168) = 0
n2 + 2n − 168 = 0
n2 + 14n − 12n − 168 = 0
n (n + 1) − 12 (n + 14) = 0
(n + 14) (n − 12) = 0
n − 12 = 0
n = 12
12
Answer: (b) (iii) [3]
15
Workbook of Variant 3
(e) For each Diagram, the number of squares of area 1 cm2 is A, the number of dots is D and
the number of one centimetre lines is L.
Find a connection between A, D and L that is true for each Diagram.
Diagram 1 2 3
A 2 6 12
D 6 12 20
L 7 17 31
7=2+6−1
17 = 6 + 12 − 1
31 = 12 + 30 − 1
L = A + D − 1
L=A+D−1
Answer: (e) [1]
4 Helen measures a rectangular sheet of paper as 197 mm by 210 mm, each correct to nearest
millimetre.
Calculate the upper bound for the perimeter of the sheet of paper.
1
Connect to nearest millimetre half of 1 millimetre = = 0.5
2
Upper bound of width of rectangle = 197 + 0.5
= 197.5
Upper bound of length of rectangle = 210 + 0.5
= 210.5
Upper bound of perimeter of sheet (ractangle)
= 2(l + b)
= 2(197.5 + 210.5)
= 816
816 cm
Answer:(ii) [2]
16
Number
1.646 × 107
Answer:(a) [1]
(b) Calculate 7.85 ÷ (2.366 × 102), giving your answer in standard form.
7.85 ÷ (2.336 × 102) = 0.0331783601
= 3.32 × 10-2
3.32 × 10-2
Answer: (b) [2]
18 27
7 (a) Find the value of x when = .
24 x
27 × 24
x =
18
= 36
36
Answer: (a) x = [1]
2 1 4
(b) Show that ÷1 = .
3 6 7
Write down all the steps in your working.
2 1
÷1
3 6
2 7
= ÷
3 6
2 6
= ×
3 7
4
=
7
4
7
Answer: (b) [2]
17
Workbook of Variant 3
12 Federico changed 400 euros(€) into New Zealand dollars (NZ$) at rate of € 1 = NZ$ 2.1.
He spent x New Zealand dollars and changed the rest back into euros at rate of € 1 = NZ$ d.
Find an expressions, in terms of x and d, for the number of euros Federico received.
€ NZ$
1 2.1
400 a
a = 400 × 2.1
a = 840 NZ$
He spend x NZ$
So he new have (840 − x) NZ$
€ NZ$
1 d
b 840 − x
b = 840 − x
d
€ 840 − x
d
Answer: [3]
Map Actual
1 250000
x 8000000
8000000
x =
250000
x = 32
32 cm
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) On the map a large forest has an area of 6 cm2.
Calculate the actual area of the forest. Give your answer in square kilometres.
Map Actual
12 (250000)2
6 x
18
Number
x = 6 × (250000)2
x = 375000000000 cm2
375000000000 km2
x =
1000002
x = 37.5
37.5 km2
Answer: (b) [2]
1
(i) She spent of this on food.
8
Calculate how much she spend on food.
1
× 277.20 = 34.65
8
$ 34.65
Answer: (a) (i) [1]
(ii) She paid 15% of the $ 277.20 in taxes.
Calculate how much she paid in taxes.
15
× 277.20 = 41.58
100
$ 41.58
Answer: (a) (ii) [2]
(iii) The $ 277.20 was 5% more than Lucy earned in the previous week.
Calculate how much Lucy earned in the previous week.
Old New
Money x 277.20
100 × 277.20
x =
105
x = 264
$ 264
Answer: (a) (ii) [3]
19
Workbook of Variant 3
(b) The shop sells clothes for men, women and children.
(i) In one day Lucy sold colthes with a total value of $ 2200 in the ratio
men : women : children = 2 : 5 : 4
Calculate the value of the women's clothes she sold.
M W C Total
2 5 4 11
x 2200
5 × 2200
x =
11
x = 1000
$ 1000
Answer: (b) (i) [2]
44
(ii) The $ 2200 was of the total value of the clothes sold in shop on this day.
73
Calculate the total value of the clothes sold in the shop on this day .
44
2200 = ×x
73
2200 × 73
=x
44
x = 3650
$ 3650
Answer: (b) (ii) [2]
11 (a) (i) The first three positive integers 1, 2 and 3 have a sum of 6.
Write down the sum of the first 4 positive integers.
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10
10
Answer: (a) (i) [1]
3 (3 + 1)
=6
2
6
Answer: (a) (ii) [2]
20
Number
120 (120 + 1)
= 7260
2
7260
Answer: (a) (iii) [1]
(iv) Find the sum of the integers
121 + 122 + 123 + 124 + + 199 + 200.
sum of first 200 positive integers − sum of first 120 positive integers
200(200+1)
= − 7260
2
= 12840
12840
Answer: (a) (iv) [2]
(v) Find the sum of the even numbers
2+4+6+ + 800.
= 2 (1 + 2 + 3 ............... + 400)
= 2 (sum of first 400 positive integers)
= 2 ( 400(400+1) )
2
= 160400
160400
Answer: (a) (v) [2]
(b) (i) Complete the following statements about the sums of cubes and the sums of integers.
13 = 1 1 = 1
13 + 23 = 9 1+2=3
13 + 23 + 33 = 36 (62) 1+2+3=6
13 + 23 + 33 + 43 = 100(102) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 [2]
(ii) The sum of the first 14 integers is 105.
Find the sum of the first 14 cubes.
1052 = 11025
11025
Answer: (b) (ii) [1]
(iii) Use the formula in part (a)(ii) to write down a formula for the sum of the first n cubes.
2
n (n +1)
2
Answer: (b) (iii) [1]
21
Workbook of Variant 3
2
60 (60 + 1) = 3348900
2 2
3348900
Answer: (b) (iv) [1]
(v) Find n when the sum of the first n cubes is 278 784.
[ ]
2
n (n + 1)
= 278784
2
n (n + 1)
= 278784
2
n (n + 1)
= 528
2
n2 + n = 528 × 2
n2 + n = 1056
n2 + n − 1056 = 0
n (n − 32) + 33(n − 33) = 0
(n − 32) (n + 33) = 33
n − 32 = 0
n = 32
32
Answer: (b) (v) [2]
ratio 7 8 15
Amount x 240
7 × 240
x=
15
= 112
112
Answer: [2]
22
Number
211
Answer: (a) [1]
(b) a cube number.
216
Answer: (b) [1]
5 The population of the city is 128 000, correct to the nearest thousand.
(a) Write 128 000 in standard form.
1.28 × 105
Answer: (a) [1]
(b) Write down the upper bound of the population .
1000
half of thousand = = 500
2
Upper bound of the population = 128000 + 500
= 128500
128500
Answer: (b) [1]
$ 882
Answer: [1]
23
Workbook of Variant 3
13
7 Show that 3–2 + 2–2 =
36
Write down all the steps of your working.
3-2 + 2-2
1 1
+
32 22
1 1
+
9 4
4×1 1×9
+
4×9 4×9
4 + 9
36
13
36
13
Answer: 36 [2]
3 17.1 − 1.89
8 Find the value of
10.4 + 8.36
3 17.1 − 1.89
= 0.1864118168
10.4 + 8.36
0.186
Answer: [2]
9 In Vienna, the mid-day temperatures, in °C, are recorded during a week in December.
This information is shown below.
–2 2 1 –3 –1 –2 0
Calculate
(a) the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature,
2 − (−3) = 5
5°C
Answer: (a) [1]
(b) the mean temperature.
−0.714 °C
Answer: (b) [2]
24
Number
10 Maria decides to increase her homework time of 8 hours per week by 15%.
Calculate her new homework time.
Give your answer in hours and minutes.
Old New
% 100 115
Time 8 x
8 × 115
x=
100
= 9.2 hours
9.2 hours = (9 + 0.2) hour
0.2 hours = 0.2 × 60
= 12 min
9 hours and 12 minutes
9 hours 12 minutes
Answer: [3]
12 Alberto changes 800 Argentine pesos (ARS) into dollars ($) when the rate is $ 1 = 3.8235 ARS.
He spends $ 150 and changes the remaining dollars back into pesos when rate is
$ 1 = 3.8025 ARS.
Calculate the amount Alberto now has in pesos.
$ ARS
1 3.8235
x 800
800
x=
3.8235
x = $ 209.2323787
= $ 209.2323787 − $ 150
= $ 59.23237871
$ ARS
1 3.8235
59.2323787 x
x = 59.23237871 × 3.8025
x = 225.23112
225.23 ARS [3]
Answer:
25
Workbook of Variant 3
Old New
% 100 98
mass x 67.13
100 × 67.13
x=
98
x = 68.5
68.5 kg
Answer: [3]
(n + 1) (n + 2)
Answer (a)(ii): [1]
(iii) The difference between the nth term and the (n + 1)th term is pn + q.
Find the values of p and q.
(n + 1) (n + 2) − [n (n + 1)]
n2 + 3n + 2 − [n2 − n]
n2 + 2n + n + 2 − n2 + n
2n + 2 (compose it with pn + q)
2
Answer (a)(iii): p =
2
q= [2]
26
Number
(iv) Find the positions of the two consecutive terms which have a difference of 140.
2n + 2 = 140
2n = 140 − 2
2n = 138
n = 69
n + 1 = 69 + 1
= 70
69 70
Answer (a)(iv): and [2]
(b) A sequence u1, u2, u3, u4, .............is given by the following rules.
u1 = 2, u2 = 3 and un = 2un−2 + un−1 for n ≥ 3.
For example, the third term is u3 and u3 = 2u1 + u2 = 2 × 2 + 3 = 7
So the sequence is 2, 3, 7, u4, u5,
(i) Show that u4 = 13.
Answer (b)(i):
u4 = 2u2 + u3 = 2(3) + 7 = 13 [1]
(ii) Find the value of u5
u5 = 2u3 + u4 = 2(7) + 13 = 27
27
Answer (b)(ii): u5 = [1]
(iii) Two consecutive terms of the sequence are 3413 and 6827.
Find the term before and the term after these two given terms.
(Assume u1, u2, u3, u4 as shown below)
u3 = 2u1 + u2
6827 = 2u1 + 3413
6827 − 3413
u1 =
2
u1 = 1707
u4 = 2u2 + u3
u4 = 2(3413) + 6827
u4 = 13653
1707, 13653
Answer (b)(iii): , 3413, 6827, [2]
27
Workbook of Variant 3
2 Hans invests $ 750 for 8 years at a rate of 2% per year simple interest.
Calculate the interest Hans receives.
p×t×r
SI =
100
750 × 8 × 2
SI =
100
SI = 120
120
Answer: $ [2]
3 (a) Calculate 3 71.5 + 220.9 and write down your full calculator display.
3.260770655
Answer (a): [1]
3.261
Answer (b): [1]
5
9 cm
5 cm 5 cm
12 cm
1
half of 1 = = 0.5
2
Upper bound of sides are 9 + 0.5 = 9.5,
5 + 0.5 = 5.5, 12 + 0.5 = 12.5
Upper bound of perimeter of quadrilateral.
= 9.5 + 5.5 + 12.5 + 5.5
= 33
33
Answer: cm [2]
28
Number
39.5 − 8
x=
4.5 7
Answer: days [3]
11 Boris invests $ 280 for 2 years at a rate of 3% per year compound interest.
Calculate the interest Boris receives at the end of the 2 years.
Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
n
x
Amount = P 1 +
100
2
3
Amount = 280 1 +
100
Amonts = 297.052
compound interest = Amount − Principal
compound interest = 297.052 − 280
compound interest = 17.052
17.05
Answer: $ [4]
(a) 11 − 1
12 3
11 1×4
= − [L.C.M. 3 and 12 is 12]
12 3×4
11−4
=
12
7
=
12
7
12
Answer (a): [2]
29
Workbook of Variant 3
1 11
(b) ÷
4 13
1 13
×
4 11
13
44 13
44
Answer (b): [2]
5 38
Answer (a)(i): [1]
(ii) The distance between Paris and Milan is 850 km.
Calculate the average speed of the train.
10
10 minute = hour
60
1
= hour
6
1
Total time = 9 +
6
55
55 (9h 10m to acn be done in calculator )
= hour 6
6
Total distance
Average speed =
Total time
850
=
55/6
= 92.727272
92.7
Answer (a) (ii): km/h [2]
30
Number
204
Answer (b)(i): $ [3]
(ii) There are men, women and children on the train in the ratio
men : women : children 4 : 3 : 1.
Show that the number of women on the train is 240.
Answer (b)(ii):
M W C Total
ratio 4 3 1 8
number x 640
640 × 3
x = = 240 [2]
8
(iii) 240 is an increase of 60% on the number of women on the train the previous day.
Calculate the number of women on the train the previous day.
Old New
% 100 160
100 × 240
x =
160
x = 150
150
Answer (b)(iii): [3]
31
Workbook of Variant 3
5
Speed : 180 km/h = 180 × = 50 m/s [as we need time in seconds]
18
5
Total distance = 210 + 340 = 550 [To connect km/h to km/s × ]
18
Distance 550
time = = = 11s
Speed 50
11
Answer (c): s [3]
11
Diagram 1 2 3 4 5
Number of dots 9 17 25 33 41
32
Number
n = 1096
8
n = 137
137
Answer (b)(ii): n = [2]
(c) Write down, in term of n and π , the area of the largest circle in
diagram n,
(i)
π 4π 9π
12π 22π 3 π
n 2π
Answer (c)(i): [1]
diagram 3n.
(ii)
(3n)2π = 9n2π
9n2π
Answer (c)(ii): [1]
(d) Find, in terms of n and π, the total length of the circumferences of the circles in diagram n.
π( 2 6 12 20 30 )
π[ 1 × 2 2 × 3 3 × 4 4 × 5 5 × 6 ]
π[n(n+1)]
Answer (d):
πn(n+1) [2]
p×t×r
simple interest =
8
600 × 8 × 2
=
100
= 96
96
Answer: $ [2]
33
Workbook of Variant 3
2 2
1 2
2 Show that + = 0.17
10 5
Write down all the steps in your working.
Answer:
2 2
1 2
+
10 5
1 4×4
+
100 25×4
1 + 16
100
17
100
0.17
[2]
Flour Cakes
300 20
x 12
x = 300 × 12
20
x = 180
180
Answer: g [2]
Old New
% 100 105
sent 84 x
84 × 105
x=
100
x = 88.2
88.2
Answer: $ [2]
34
Number
7.2
7 Find the value of
11.8 − 10.95
Give your answer correct to 4 significant figures.
7.2
= 8.470588235
11.8 − 10.95
8.471
Answer: [2]
1
half of 1 = = 0.5
2
lower bound of 250 = 250 − 0.5 = 249.5
upper bound of 250 = 250 + 0.5 = 250.5
249.5 250.5
Answer: ≤j≤ [2]
Model Actual
12 (200)2
7500 x
x = 2002 × 7500
x = 300000000 cm2
30000000
x= m2
100 2
x = 30000 m2
30000
Answer: m2 [3]
35
Workbook of Variant 3
07 50
+ 1 25
8 75
75 − 60 = 15, 8+1 = 9
09:15
09:15
Answer (a)(i): [1]
(ii) Calculate the average speed for the journey.
25 5
25 minute = = hour
60 12
5
Total time = 1 +
12
17
= hour
12
Total distance
Average speed =
Total time
92
=
17 ÷ 12
= 64.94117647
64.9
Answer (a)(ii): km/h [2]
(iii) During the journey, the family stops for 10 minutes.
Calculate 10 minutes as a percentage of 1 hour 25 minutes.
1 hour 25 min = (60 + 25) min = 85 min
10
× 100 = 11.76470588
85
11.8
Answer (a)(iii): % [1]
36
Number
Old New
% 100 115
Distance x 92
100 × 92
x =
115
x = 80
80
Answer (a)(iv): km [3]
(b) The Martinez family spends $ 150 in the ratio
fuel : meals : gifts = 11 : 16 : 3
(i) Show that $ 15 is spend on gifts.
Answer (b)(i):
F M G Total
Ratio 11 16 3 30
Money x 150
[Taking G's column and Total's column and cross multiply]
3 × 150
x = = 15 [2]
30
(ii) The family buys two gifts.
The first gift costs $ 8.25.
Find the ratio
Cost of first gift : cost of second gift.
Give your answer in its simplest form.
Cost of first gift = 8.25
Cost of second gift = 15 − 8.25 = 6.75
8.25 11
=
6.75 9
11 9
Answer (b)(ii): : [2]
37
Workbook of Variant 3
10 (a) Complete the table for the 6th term and the nth term in each sequence.
38
Number
–187
Answer (b)(i): [1]
(ii) Sequence C,
nth term = n (n + 1)
100 th term = 100 (100 + 1)
100th term
= 10100
10100
Answer (b)(ii): [1]
(c) Find the value of n in sequence D when the nth term is equal to 6561.
Sequence D → 3n = 6561
nth term 3n = 38
8
Answer (c): n = [1]
(d) Find the value of the 10th term in sequence E.
E → nth term = 3n − n (n + 1)
10th term
= 310 − 10 (10 + 1)
10th term
= 58939
58 939
Answer (d): [1]
39
Workbook of Variant 3
1 Sheila can pay her hotel bill in Euros (€) or Pounds (£).
The bill was € 425 or £ 365 when the exchange rate was £ 1 = € 1.14.
In which currency was the bill cheaper?
Show all your working.
£ €
1 1.14
365 x
x = 365 × 1.14
x = € 416.1
£365 = €416.1 is cheaper.
pounds(£)
Answer: [2]
2 The Ocean View Hotel has 300 rooms numbered from 100 to 399.
A room is chosen at random.
Find the probability that the room number ends in zero.
30
probabilioty = 30
300
300
Answer: [2]
40
Number
5 5
24
= 2.282177323
2.28
Answer (a): [1]
cos 40°
(b)
7
cos40o
= 0.1094349204
7
0.109
Answer (b): [1]
1.1 × 105
Answer: [2]
(b) (5.5 × 104) − (5 × 104).
(5.5 × 104) − (5 × 104)
104 (5.5 −5)
104 (5.5 − 5)
104 (0.5)
= 5000
= 5 × 103
5 × 103
Answer: [2]
41
Workbook of Variant 3
77
Answer (a): [2]
(b) The sum of the prime numbers less than x is 58.
Find an integer value for x.
17 + 11 + 13 + 17 = 58 → This is sum of prime numbers less than 18.
18
Answer (b): x = [2]
Ratio 5 1 6
Money 2345 x
2345×6
x =
5
x = 2814
2814
Answer (a)(ii): $ [2]
(b) Ali uses 11% of his $ 2345 to buy a television.
Calculate the cost of the television.
11
× 2345 = 257.95
100
257.95
Answer (b)(ii): $ [2]
42
Number
Old New
% 100 85
Cost 330 x
330×85
x =
100
x = 280.5
280.5
Answer (c)(i): $ [2]
(ii) $ 330 is 12% less than the cost last year.
Calculate the cost last year.
Old New
% 100 88
Cost x 330
100×330
x =
88
x = 375
375
Answer (c)(ii): $ [3]
(d) Ali invests $ 1500 of his share in a bank account.
The account pays compound interest at a rate of 2.3% per year.
Calculate the total amount in the account at the end of 3 years.
n
x
Amount = P 1 +
100
3
2.3
Amount = 1500 1 +
100
Amount = 1605.898751
1605.90
Answer (d): $ [3]
43
Workbook of Variant 3
Loss
percentage loss = × 100
Cost Price
325 − 250
Percentage loss = × 100
325
percentage loss = 23.07692308
23.1
Answer (e): % [3]
2340
2340 minute = hour
60
= 39 hour
39
Answer: h [2]
1
cos100° tan100° 100– 0.1
100
-0.1736451777 -5.67128182 0.01 0.6309573445
1
tan100 cos100 100 100 -01
Answer: < < < [2]
5 Write
(a) 60 square metres in square centimetres,
60 square metres = 60 × 1002 cm2 = 600000
600000
Answer (a): cm2 [1]
44
Number
18
22m/s = 22 × km/h = 79.2
5
79.2
Answer (b): km/h [2]
Old(2011) New(2012)
% 100 120
Cost x 30
100 × 30
x=
120
x = 25
25
Answer: $ [3]
600
= 0.075 = 7.5 × 10 -2
8000
7.5 × 10 -2
Answer (a): [2]
(b) 108 − 7 × 106
108 − 7 × 106 = 93000000 = 9.3 × 107
9.3 × 107
Answer (b): [2]
45
Workbook of Variant 3
A R
Ratio 7 5
Pages 63 x
63 × 5
x = = 45
7
45
Answer (a)(ii) : [2]
(ii) In another copy of the magazine, 56 pages are used for reviews and for photographs.
The ratio number of pages of reviews : number of pages of photographs = 9 : 5.
Calculate the number of pages used for photographs.
R P Total
Ratio 9 5 14
Pages x 56
5 × 56
x =
14
x = 20
20
Answer (a)(iii) : % [2]
(iii) One copy of the magazine cost $ 4.90.
An annual subcription costs $ 48.80 for 13 copies.
Calculate the percentage discount by having an annual subcription.
An annual subcription without discount cost : 490 × 13 = 63.7
Discount = 63.7 − 48.80 = 14.9
discount
percentage discount
= × 100
cost price
14.9
= × 100
63.7
= 23.39089482
23.4
Answer (a)(iii) : % [3]
46
Number
(b) In a car magazine, 25% of the pages are used for selling second-hand cars.
1
62 % of the remaining pages are used for features,
2
and the other 36 pages are used for reviews.
Work out the total number of pages in the magazine.
let the total number of pages be x
25 62.5 75
×x+ × × x + 36 = x
100 100 100
0.25x + 0.46875x + 36 = x
36 = x − 0.25x − 0.46875x
36 = 0.28125x
36
= x
0.28125
x = 128
128
Answer (b) : [4]
Diagram 1 2 3 4 5 n
Number of dots 6 9 12 15 18 3n + 3
1
Number of squares 0 1 3 6 10 n(n−1)
2
2
Number of triangle 4 9 16 25 36 (n+1)
3
Number of lines 9 18 30 45 63 (n+1)(n+2)
2
[9]
47
Workbook of Variant 3
3
(n + 1) (n + 2) = 360
2
360 × 2
(n + 1) (n + 2) =
3
n2 + 2n + n + 2 = 240
n2 + 3n + 2 − 240 = 0 [Product = -238, sum = 3]
n2 + 3n − 238 = 0
n(n + 17) − 14(n + 17) = 0
(n + 17) (n − 14) = 0
n − 14 = 0
n = 14 [Number of lies cannot be negative number]
14
Answer (b) : [2]
(c) The total number of lines in the first n diagrams is
1 3
n + pn2 + qn.
2
1
(i) When n = 1, show that p + q = 8 .
2
Answer (c)(i) :
1
(1)3 + p(10)2 + q(1) = 9
2
1
+p+q=9
2
1
p+q=9−
2
1
p + q = 8 [1]
2
(ii) By choosing another value of n and using the equation in part (c) (i), find the values of p
and q.
1
When n = 2, (2)3 + p(2)2 + q(2) = 9 + 18
2
4 + 4p + 2q = 27
48
Number
4p + 2q = 27 − 4
4p + 2q = 23
Solution first and this equation simultaneously.
1st equation : p + q = 8.5
2nd equation: 4p + 2q = 23
Multiplying 1st equation by −2
−2p − 2q = -17
4p + 2q = 23 → adding 2 equation
2p = 6
6
p =
2
p= 3
Substituting value of p in first equation
1
p+q=8
2
1
3+q=8
2
1
q = 8 −3
2
11
=
2
3
Answer (c)(ii): p =
11
2
q = [5]
49
Workbook of Variant 3
€ $
1 1.313
x 1350
1350
x =
1.313
x = 1028.179741
1030
Answer: € [2]
0.059161
Answer (a) : [1]
(b) Write your answer to part(a) in standard form.
5.91613488 × 10–2
Answer (b) : [1]
Map Actual
12 15002
x 10800
10800 3
x = = × 100 m2 = 48 cm2
1500 2 625
48
Answer : cm2 [2]
50
Number
1 7
1 −
4 9
9×5 7×4
−
9×4 9×4
45 − 28
36
17
36
17
36
Answer : [3]
15 A rectangle has length 127.3 cm and width 86.5 cm, both correct to 1 decimal places.
Calculate the upper bound and the lower bound for the perimeter of the rectangle.
Length and width both corrected to 1 decimal place.
0.1
half of 0.1 = = 0.05
2
Upper bound of length = 127.3 + 0.05 = 127.35
Upper bound of width = 86.5 + 0.05 = 86.55
Upper bound of perimeter of rectangle = 2(127.35 + 86.55) = 427.8
Lower bound of length = 127.3 − 0.05 = 127.25
Lower bound of width = 86.5 − 0.05 = 86.45
Lower bound of perimeter of rectangle = 2(127.25 + 86.45) = 427.4
427.8
Answer: Upper bound = cm
427.4
Lower bound = cm [3]
62100
Answer (a): $ [2]
51
Workbook of Variant 3
(b) The number of bottles sold in July was 17% more than the number sold in January.
Calculate the number of bottles sold in January.
% 100 117
x = 100×45981 x = 39300
117
39300
Answer (b): [3]
(c) There were 3 different flavours of fruit juice.
The number of bottles sold in each flavour was in the ratio
Apple : orange : cherry = 3 : 4 : 2
The total number of bottles sold was 45 981.
Calculate the number of orange juice sold.
Ratio 3 4 2 9
4×45981
x =
9
x = 20436
20436
Answer (c): [2]
(d) One bottle contains 1.5 litres of fruit juice.
Calculate the number of 330 ml glasses that can be filled completely from one bottle.
1.5 litre = 1.5 × 1000 ml = 1500 ml
1500 = 4.54545454
330
4
Answer (d): [3]
5
(e) of the 45 981 bottles are recycled.
9
Calculate the number of bottles that are recycled.
5
× 45981 = 25545
9
25545
Answer (e): [2]
52
Number
11
1
In Diagram 2, there are 4 triangles with sides of length unit.
2
1
In Diagram 3, there are 16 triangles with side of length unit.
4
(a) Complete this table for Diagrams 4, 5, 6 and n.
22n − 2
Answer (b)(ii): [1]
53
Workbook of Variant 3
(c) Calculate the number of the smallest triangles in the diagram where the smallest triangle
1
have sides of length unit.
128
1
sides of length 128 unit.
1
128
= 2-(n-1)
1 1
27 2n-1
=
7 = n-1
n=8
Number of the smallest triangles when n=8
22(8)-2 = 16384
16384
Answer (c): [2]
1 $ 1 = 8.2 rand
Change $ 350 into rands.
$ Rand
1 8.2
350 x
x = 350 × 8.2
x = 2870
2870
Answer: rand [2]
54
Number
2.4 × 108
Answer: [2]
65 13
65 minutes = hour = hour
60 12
Total distance
Average speed =
Total time
52
Average speed = 13/12
Average speed = 48
48
Answer: km/h [2]
x
Amount = P 1 + 3
100
5
= 12000 1+
100
= 13891.5
13891.5
Answer: $ [3]
1
U39 = (39)2 (39 + 1)2 = 608400
39
608400
Answer (a): U39 = [2]
55
Workbook of Variant 3
U1 = 1 U2 = 9 U3 = 36
V1 = 8 V2 = 72 V3 = 288
Vn = 8Un
1 2
Vn = 8 n (n + 1)2
4
Vn = 2n2 (n + 1)2
2n2 (n + 1)2
Answer (b):Vn= [1]
A B C Total
Ratio 11 8 7 26
Numbers of seats 920 x y
920 × 7
x =
8
x = 805 [1]
(ii) Write the number of seats in area B as a percentage of the total number of seats.
920 × 26
y =
8
y = 2990
920
= × 100 = 30.76923077
2990
30.8
Answer (a)(ii): % [2]
56
Number
(b) The cost of a ticket for a seat in each area of the theatre is shown in the table
Area A $11.50
Area B $15
Area C $ 22.50
3
For a concert 80% of area B tickets were sold and of area C tickets were sold.
5
The total amount of money taken from ticket sale was $ 35 834.
Calculate the number of area A tickets that were sold.
Let the Number of are tickets sold be x
80 3
× 920 × 15 + × 805 × 22.50 + 11.50x = 35834
100 5
11040 + 10867.5 + 11.50x = 35834
11.50x = 35834−11040−10867.5
11.50x = 13926.5
13926.5
x =
11.50
= 1211
1211
Answer (b): [5]
(c) The total ticket sales of $ 35 834 was 5% less than the ticket sales at the previous concert.
Calculate the ticket sales at the previous concert.
Old New
% 100 95
Number of tickets x 35834
100 × 35834
x =
95
x = 37720
37720
Answer (c): $ [3]
57
Workbook of Variant 3
9 (a) Ricardo asks some motorists how many litres of fuel they use in one day.
The numbers of litres, correct to the nearest litre, are shown in the table.
Number of litres 16 17 18 19 20
Number of motorists 11 10 p 4 8
cumulative frequency 11 21 25 29 37
(i) For this table, the mean number of litres is 17.7.
Calculate the value of p.
16 × 11 + 17 × 10 + 18 × p + 19 × 4 + 20 × 8
= 17.7
11 + 10 + p + 4 + 8
7
Answer (a)(i): p = [4]
(ii) Find the median number of litres.
n+1 37+1
Ramk = 2 = 2 = 19, Median = 17
17
Answer (a)(ii): litres [1]
(b) Manuel completed a journey of 320 km in his car.
The fuel for the journey cost $ 1.28 for every 6.4 km travelled.
(i) Calculate the cost of fuel for this journey.
Cost($) KM
1.28 6.4
x 320
1.28 × 320
x =
6.4
x= 64
64
Answer (b)(i): $ [2]
58
Number
(ii) When Manuel travelled 480 km in his car it used 60 litres of fuel.
Manuel's car used fuel at the same rate for the journey of 320 km.
Calculate the number of litres of fuel the car used for the journey of 320 km.
km litres of fuel
480 60
320 x
320×60
x =
480
x = 40
40
Answer (b)(ii): litres [2]
(iii) Calculate the cost per litre of fuel used for the journey of 320 km.
x 1
64
x =
40
x = 1.6
1.6
Answer (b)(iii): $ [2]
(c) Ellie drives a car at a constant speed of 30 m/s correct to the nearest 5 m/s.
She maintains this speed for 5 minutes correct to the nearest 10 seconds.
Calculate the upper bound of the distance in kilometres that Ellie could have travelled.
Speed of 30m/s correct to nearest 5m/s
half of 5 = 5/2 = 2.5
upper bound of speed = 30+ 2.5 = 32.5 m/s
5 minutes correct to nearest 10 seconds
half of 10 = 10/2 = 5
5 minutes = 5 × 60 = 300 seconds
upper bound of time = 300 + 5 = 305 seconds
Distance = speed × time
[upper bound = upper bound × upper bound]
upper bound of distance = 32.5 × 305
= 9912.5 metre
9912.5
=
1000
= 9.9125
(Do not round off your final answer in bounds question)
9.9125
Answer (c): km [5]
59
Workbook of Variant 3
168
Answer: g [2]
Pounds(£) euros(€)
1 1.252
x 2
2
x=
1.252
x = 1.597444089
1.60
Answer: £ [3]
7 5
8 Without using a calculator, work out 1 ÷ .
8 9
Show all your working and give your answer as a fraction in its lowest terms.
7 5
1 ÷
8 9
15 5
÷
18 9
15 9
×
8 5
27
8 27
8
Answer: [3]
60
Number
Difference
Percentage reduction = × 100
Original
85 − 67.50
= × 100
85
= 20.58823529
20.6
Answer: % [3]
2 (a) (i) Eduardo invests $ 640 at a rate of 2% per year compound interest.
Show that, at the end of 6 years, Eduardo has $ 721, correct to the nearest dollar.
Answer (a)(i):
r n
Amount = P 1+
100
2 6
= 640 1 +
100
= 720.7439483
= 721 [2]
(ii) Manuela also invests $ 640.
At the end of 4 years, Manuela has $ 721.
Find the yearly compound interest rate.
n
Amount = P 1 r
100
r 4
721 = 640 1+
100
4
721 = 1+ r
640 100
4 721 r
=1+
640 100
4 721 r
−1=
640 100
4 721
100 ( − 1) = r
640
r = 3.024098432
3.02
Answer (a)(ii): % [4]
61
Workbook of Variant 3
11 The first four terms of sequence A, B, C and D are shown in the table.
Sequence 1st term 2nd term 3rd term 4th term 5th term nth term
A 1 2 3 4 5 n
3 4 5 6 7 n+2
B 3 4 5 6 7 n+2
C -1 0 1 2 3 n−2
D -3 0 5 12 21 n2−4
(a) Complete the table.
A
[Ideal sequence : 1, 2, 3, 4, .........n]
take numerator and deniminator separately
n
n+2
B
3 4 5 6
n+2
C
-1 0 1 2
n−2
D
-3 0 5 12
21
Sequence B × Sequence C
= (n+2) (n-2)
=n2 − 4
[8]
62
Number
36
(b) Which term in sequence A is equal to ?
37
n 36
=
n+2 37
37n = 36(n+2)
37n = 36n + 72
37n − 36n = 72
n = 72
72
Answer (b): [2]
(c) Which term in sequence D is equal to 725?
n2 − 4 = 725
n2 = 725 + 4
n2 = 729
n = 729
n = 27
27
Answer (c): [2]
170
Answer: [1]
2.07 − 1.89
2 Calculate
5.71 − 3.92
2.07 − 1.89
= 0.1005586592
5.71 − 3.92
0.101
Answer: [1]
0.00017
Answer: [1]
63
Workbook of Variant 3
5 11 12 13 14 15 16
From the list of numbers, write down
(a) the factors of 60,
12, 15
Answer (a): [1]
(b) the prime numbers.
11, 13
Answer (b): [1]
2 1 1
15 Work out + – , giving your answer as a fraction in its lowest terms.
3 6 4
Do not use a calculator and show all the steps of your working.
20 The volume of a cuboid is 878 cm3, correct to the nearest cubic centimetre.
The length of the base of the cuboid is 7 cm, correct to the nearest centimetre.
The width of the base of the cuboid is 6 cm, correct to the nearest centimetre.
Calculate the lower bound for the height of the cuboid.
Volume of cuboid = length × base × height
volume
height =
length×base
[lower bound = lower bound ÷ upper bound]
Volume = 878 (correct to nearest cm3)
1
half of 1 = = 0.5, lower bound of volume = 878 − 0.5 = 877.5
2
length = 7 (correct to nearest cm)
1
half of 1 = 2 = 0.5, upper bound of length = 7 + 0.5 = 7.5
base = 6 (correct to nearest cm)
upper bound of base = 6 + 0.5 = 6.5
64
Number
877.5
lower bound for the height of the cuboid =
7.5 × 6.5
= 18
18
Answer: cm [3]
x = 3 × 2.60
2
x = 3.9
3.9
Answer (a)(i): $ [2]
(ii) Kolyan has $ 9 to spend.
Work out the total amount Kolyan spends on water and biscuits as a fraction of the $ 9.
Give your answer in its lowest terms.
3.9 + 2.6 13
=
9 18
13
18
Answer (a)(ii): [2]
(iii) The $ 9 is 62.5 % less than the amount Kolyan had to spend last week.
Calculate the amount Kolyan had to spend last week.
65
Workbook of Variant 3
Old New
% 100 37.5
Amount x 9
100 × 9
x =
37.5
x = 24
24
Answer (a)(iii): [3]
(b) Priya buys a bicycle for $ 250
Each year the value of the bicycle decreases by 8% of its value at the beginning of that year.
Calculate the value of Priya's bicycle after 10 years.
Give your answer correct to the nearest dollar.
n
r
Amount = value of the bicycle = P 1 −
100
10
8
= 250 1 − 100
= 108.5971136
109
Answer (b): $ [3]
2nd 5th
Sequeance 1st term 3rd term 4th term 6th term nth term
term term
A 15 8 1 -6 -13 -20 −7n+22
5 6 7 8 9 10 n+4
B
18 19 20 21 22 23 n+17
C 2 5 10 17 26 37 n2 + 1
D 2 6 18 54 162 486 2 × 3n-1
Sequence A :
15 8 1 -6
-7 -7 -7
It is linear sequence
nth term = a + (n−1)d
= 15 + (n−1)-7
= 15 − 7n + 7
= -7n + 22
66
Number
Sequence B :
5 6 7 n+4
19 20 ................. n+17
18
[take numerator and denominator separately ideal sequence is 1,2,3,4.......n ]
Sequence C :
Method 1
2 5 10
17
1+1 4+1 9+1 16+1
12+1 22+1 32+1 42+1
nth term is n2+1
Method 2
∆0 2 5 10 17 26
∆1 3 5 7 9
∆2 2 2 2
Its quadratic sequence
nth term : an2 + bn + 1
∆2 = 2a
2 = 2a
a = 1
∆1 = 3a+b
3 = 3(1)+b
b = 0
∆3 = a+b+c
2 = 1+0+c
c = 1
nth term ; n2 + 1
Sequence D :
2 6 18 54 162
x3 x3 x3 x3
67
Workbook of Variant 3
68
2
Workbook of
Solution 4
ALGEBRA 1
Algebra
Chapter 2: Algebra 1
9 − 2x2
Answer: [3]
y
3(y − 4) + =9
2
2 × [3 (y − 4)] y
+ = 9 7y = 18 + 24
2×1 2
6 (y − 4) + y
= 9 7
(common denomenator) y = 42
2
42
6y − 24 + y = 9 × 2 y =
7
6y − 24 + y = 18 y = 6
6
Answer: y = [3]
71
Workbook of Variant 3
w = −63
−60
w = 1.05
8(1.05) + 2j = 12
8.4 + 2j = 12
2j = 3.6
j = 3.6
2
j = 1.8
$1.05
Answer: (a) cost of a bottle of water = $ =
1.8
cost of a bottle of water = $ = [5]
(b) Roshni cycles 2 kilometres at y km/h and then runs 4 kilometres at (y − 4) km/h.
The whole journey takes 40 minutes.
(i) Write an equation in y and show that it simplifies to y2 – 13y + 12 = 0.
Answer (b)(i):
Time = distance
speed
2
t1 = Time1 =
y
4
t2 = time2 =
y−4
72
Algebra
Total time = t1 + t2
40
Total time = hour [since speed is in km/h, time has to be in hours]
60
40
2 + 4 =
y y−4 60
2(y − 4) + 4y 4
=
y (y − 4) 6
2y − 8 + 4y 4
=
y − 4y
2 6
6y − 8 4
=
y − 4y 6
6(6y − 8) = 4(y2 − 4y)
36y − 48 = 4y2 − 16y
0 = 4y2 − 16y − 36y + 48
0 = 4y2 − 52y + 48
0 = 4(y2 − 13y + 12)
y2 − 13y + 12 = 0 [4]
(y − 12) (y − 1)
Answer: (b) (ii) [2]
(iii) Solve the equation y2 − 13y + 12 = 0.
(y − 12) (y − 1) = 0
Either y − 12 = 0 or y−1=0
y = 12 y = 1
12 1
Answer: (b) (iii) y = or y = [1]
(iv) Work out Roshni’s running speed.
Roshni’s running speed = y − 4
= 12− 4 [1 will give negative speed]
= 8
8 km/h
Answer: (b) (iv) [1]
73
Workbook of Variant 3
−b ± b2 − 4ac
x =
2a
− (−1) ± (−1)2 − 4 (1) (−4)
x =
2(1)
x = 1 ± 17
2
x = 1 + 17 or x = 1 − 17
2 2
x = 2.561552813 or x = −1.561552813
−1.56 2.56
Answer: (c) u = or u = [4]
−1
Answer: x =
5
y = [3]
74
Algebra
5x2 − x
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) Simplify (3x3)3.
= 33x3×3
= 27x9
27x9
Answer: (b) [2]
(c) Factorise the following completely.
(i) 7x7 + 14x14
= 7x7 (1 + 2x7) [common factor]
7x7 (1 + 2x7)
Answer: (c) (i) [2]
(ii) xy + xw + 2ay + 2aw
= x (y + w) + 2a (y + w) [factorise by grouping]
= (y + w) (x + 2a)
(y + w) (x + 2a)
Answer: (c) (ii) [2]
(iii) 4x2 − 49
= (2x)2 − 72
= (2x + 7) (2x − 7) [a2 − b2 = (a + b) (a − b)]
(2x + 7) (2x − 7)
Answer: (c) (iii) [1]
75
Workbook of Variant 3
−b ± b2 − 4ac
x =
2a
−5 ± (5)2 − 4 (2) (1)
x =
2(2)
x = −5 ± 17
4
x = −5 + 17 or x = −5 − 17
4 4
x = −0.2192235936 or x = −2.280776406
−0.22 −2.28
Answer: (d) x = or x = [4]
x
0
The sketch shows the graph of y = axn where a and n are integers.
Write down a possible value for a and a possible value for n.
–1
Answer: a =
2
n = [2]
76
Algebra
1 Factorise completely.
2xy − 4yz
2y (x − 2z) [common factor]
2y (x − 2z)
Answer: [2]
x
y= +5
3
x
y−5=
3
3 (y − 5) = x
x = 3(y − 5)
3 (y − 5)
Answer: x = [2]
7
y =
−7
y = −1
subtitute the value of y in 1st equation
x + 2 (-1) = 3
x-2=3
x = 3 + 2
x = 5
5
Answer: x =
−1
y = [3]
77
Workbook of Variant 3
2160
t =
18
t = 120
120
Answer: cent [3]
x cm
2x cm
(x + 5) cm
The diagram shows a square of side (x + 5) cm and rectangle which measures 2x cm by x cm.
The area of the square is 1 cm2 more than area of the rectangle.
(a) Show that x2 − 10x − 24 = 0
Answer (a):
Area of sequnce − area of rectangle = 1
side2 − l × b = 1
(x + 5)2 − (2x) (x) = 1
x2 + 10x + 25 – 2x2 = 1
78
Algebra
0 = 2x2 − x2 − 10x − 25 + 1
0 = x2 − 10x − 24
x2 − 10x − 24 = 0 [3]
(b) Find the value of x.
x2 − 10x − 24 = 0 [Product = − 24, Sum = − 10]
x2 − 12x + 2x − 24 = 0 [Splitting middle term]
x (x − 12) + 2 (x − 12) = 0
(x − 12) (x + 2) = 0
x = 12 [since x is width of rectangle, x cannot be negative]
12
Answer: (b) x = [3]
(c) Calculate the acute angle between the diagonals of the rectangle.
Consider
triangle OAX A
A (A)
O x 12 O 12
tan θ =
A
B o 6 x
6 (o)
tan θ =
12
OX is half of 24
O θ = tan-1 ( 12 )
12 θ = 26.56505118
A 6 x 6 B Angle AOB is double of AOX
26.56505118 × 2 = 53.13010235
53.1
Answer: (c) [3]
79
Workbook of Variant 3
−10
y=
−2
y=5
subtitute the value of y in 1st equation
x + 5 (5) = 22
x + 25 = 22
x = 22 − 25
x = −3
−3
Answer: x =
5
y = [2]
11 Factorise completely.
p2x − 4q2x
x(p2 − 4q2) [common factor]
x(p2 − (2q)2) [a2 − b2 = (a + b)(a − b)]
x(p + 2q) (x − 2q)
x (p + 2q) (x − 2q)
Answer: [3]
80
Algebra
5 (a) The cost of a bottle of juice is 5 cents more than the cost of a bottle of water. Mohini buys 3
bottles of water and 6 bottles of juice. The total cost is $ 5.25.
Find the cost of a bottle of water.
Give your answer in cents.
let x → cost of a bottle of water
cost of a bottle of juice = x + 5
3x + 6(x + 5) = 525 [convert in cents]
3x + 6x + 30 = 525
9x + 30 = 525
9x = 525 − 30
9x = 495
495
x =
9
x = 55
55
Answer: (a) cent [4]
(b) The cost of a biscuit is x cents.
The cost of a cake is (x + 3) cents.
The number of biscuits Roshni can buy for 72 cents is 2 more than the number of cakes she
can buy for 72 cents.
(i) Show that x2 + 3x − 108 = 0
Answer (b)(i):
72
Number of biscuits =
x
72
Number of cake =
x+3
Number of biscuts − Number of cake = 2
72 72
− =2
x x+3
72 (x + 3) − 72x
=2
x2 + 3x
72x + 216 − 72x = 2(x2 + 3x)
216 = 2x2 + 6x
0 = 2x2 + 6x − 216
81
Workbook of Variant 3
0 = 2(x2 + 3x − 108)
x2 + 3x − 108 = 0 [3
(ii) Solve the equation x2 + 3x − 108 = 0.
[product = –108, sum = 3]
x2 + 3x − 108 = 0
x2 + 12x − 9x − 108 = 0 [splitting middle term]
x (x + 12) − 9 (x + 12) = 0
(x + 12) (x − 9) = 0
x + 12 = 0 or x−9=0
x = −12 or x=9
−12 9
Answer: (b) (ii) x = or x = [3]
(iii) Find the total cost of 2 biscuits and 1 cake.
2x + x + 3
2 (9) + 9 + 3 = 30
30
Answer: (b) (iii) cents [1]
x = −b ± b − 4ac
2
2a
x = −6 ± 60
4
x = −6 + 60 or x = −6 − 60
4 4
x = 0.4364916731 or x = -3.436491673
0.44 -3.44
Answer: (b) x = or x = [4]
82
Algebra
24.7
x =
19
x = 1.3
1.3
Answer: (a) $ [3]
(b) The cost of a small bottle of juice is $ y.
The cost of a large bottle of juice is $ (y + 1)
When Catriona spends $ 36 on small bottles only, she receives 25 more bottles than when
she spends $ 36 on large bottles only.
(i) Show that 25y2 + 25y − 36 = 0.
Answer (b)(i):
36
Number of small bottle of juice =
y
36
Number of large bottle of juice =
y+1
Number of small bottle of juice − Number of large bottle of juice = 25
36 36
− = 25
y y+1
36 (y + 1) − 36y
= 25
y (y + 1)
36y + 36 − 36y
= 25
y2 + y
36 = 25 (y2 + y)
36 = 25y2 + 25y
0 = 25y2 + 25y − 36
25y2 + 25y − 36 = 0 [4]
(ii) Factorise 25y2 + 25y − 36.
83
Workbook of Variant 3
(5y − 4) (5y + 9)
Answer: (b) (ii) [2]
(iii) Solve the equation 25y2 + 25y − 36 = 0.
(5y − 4) (5y + 9) = 0
Either 5y − 4 = 0 or 5y + 9 = 0
4 –9
y = = 0.8 or y= = –1.8
5 5
0.8 –1.8
Answer: (b) (iii) y = or y = [1]
(iv) Find the total cost of 1 small bottle of juice and 1 large bottle of juice.
y + y + 1 = 0.8 + 0.8 + 1
2.6
Answer: (b) (iv) $ [1]
3y − y4
Answer: [2]
84
Algebra
5x + 0.75 = 3.60
5x = 3.60 − 0.75
5x = 2.85
2.85
x =
5
x = 0.57
0.57
Answer: (a) $ [4]
(b)
y cm 6 cm2 Y cm
5 cm2
x cm (x + 2) cm
The diagram shows two rectangles.
The first rectangle measures x cm by y cm and has an area of 5 cm2.
The second rectangle measures (x + 2) cm by Y cm has an area of 6 cm2.
(i) When y + Y = 1 show that x2 − 9x − 10 = 0
Answer (b)(i):
Area of 1st rectangle : xy = 5
5
y = [Make y the subject, because what we have to prove is in terms of x]
x
Area of 2nd rectangle: (x + 2) Y = 6
6
Y = [Make Y the subject]
x+2
y + Y = 1 [given]
5 6
+ =1
x x+2
5(x + 2) + 6x
=1
x (x + 2)
5x + 10 + 6x
=1
x2 + 2x
11x + 10 = x2 + 2x
0 = x2 + 2x − 11x − 10
0 = x2 − 9x − 10
x2 − 9x − 10 = 0 [4]
(ii) Factorise x2 − 9x − 10.
85
Workbook of Variant 3
(x − 10) (x + 1)
Answer: (b) (ii) [2]
(iii) Calculate the perimeter of the first rectangle.
5
x = 10, y= = 0.5 y = 0.5
10
perimeter = 2 (x + y)
= 2 (10 + 0.5)
= 21
21
Answer: (b) (iii) cm [2]
(c)
(2x + 3) cm
5 cm
(x + 3) cm
The diagram shows a right-angled triangle with sides of length 5 cm,
(x + 3) cm and (2x + 3) cm.
(i) Show that 3x2 + 6x – 25 = 0.
Answer (c)(i):
(2x + 3)2 = (x + 3)2 + 52 (Pythagoras theorem)
4x2 + 12x + 9 = x2 + 6x + 9 + 25
4x2 + 12x + 9 − x2 − 6x − 9 − 25 = 0
4x2 − x2 + 12x − 6x + 9 − 9 − 25 = 0
3x + 6x − 25 = 0 [4]
(ii) Solve the equation 3x2 + 6x – 25 = 0
86
Algebra
Show all your working and give your answers correct to 2 decimal places.
a = 3, b = 6, c = -25
−b ± b2 − 4ac
x =
2a
−6 ± (6)2 − 4 (3) (−25)
x =
2(3)
x = −6 ± 336
6
x = −6 + 336 or x = −6 − 336
6 6
x = 2.055050463 or x = –4.055050463
2.06 –4.06
Answer: (c) (ii) x = or x = [4]
(iii) Calculate the area of the triangle.
1
Area of triangle = × base × height
2
1
= × (x + 3) (5)
2
1
= × (2.6 + 3) (5)
2
= 12.65
12.7
Answer: (c) (iii) cm2 [2]
143
x =
13
x = 11
Substitute the value of x in 2nd original equation
87
Workbook of Variant 3
22 − y = 19
22 − 19 = y
y = 3
2x + y = 2(11) + 3
= 22 + 3
= 25
2x + y = 25
Answer: [4]
27
6x =
6
x = 4.5
4.5
Answer: (a) (i) x [3]
(ii) Solve by factorising x2 − 7x + 6 = 0
Product = 6, sum = –7
x2 − 7x + 6 = 0
x2 − 6x − x + 6 = 0 [Spliting middle term]
x(x − 6) −1 (x − 6) = 0
(x − 6) (x − 1) = 0
Either x − 6 = 0 or x−1=0
x = 6 or x=1
1 6
Answer: (a) (ii) x = or x = [3]
3x − 2 x+2
(iii) Solve+ =4
5 10
+ x + 2 = 4
2 × (3x − 2)
[LCM of 5 and 10 is 10]
2×5 10
2 (3x − 2) + x + 2
=4
10
88
Algebra
6x − 4 + x + 2 = 40
6x + x − 4 + 2 = 40
7x − 2 = 40
7x = 40 + 2
7x = 42
42
x =
7
x = 6
6
Answer: (a) (iii) x = [4]
(b) 12 = 1
12 + 22 = 5
12 + 22 + 32 = 14
12 + 22 + 32 + 42 = 30
n
12 + 22 + 32 + 42 +.................... + n2 = an3 + bn +
6
Work out the values of a and b.
[take any value of n and substitute]
n
an3 + bn2 + → given
6
1
When n = 1 a(1)3 + b(1)2 + =1
6
1
a + b + =1
6
1
a + b = 1 −
6
5
a + b = 1st equation
6
2
When n = 2 a(2)3 + b(2)2 + =5
6
1
8a + 4b + =5
3
1
8a + 4b = 5 −
3
14
8a + 4b = 2nd equation
3
89
Workbook of Variant 3
-10
−4a − 4b =
+ 3
8a + 4b = 14
3
4
4a =
3
4
a =
3×4
1
a =
3
(Substitute value of a in 1st equation)
5
a + b =
6
1 5
+b=
3 6
5 1
b = −
6 3
1
b =
2
1
3
Answer: (b) a =
1
2
b = [6]
a2 + 2ab + b2
Answer: (a) [2]
90
Algebra
22
Answer: (b) [1]
Sum Product
–6 + 0 0
–5 – 1 5 → Prime
–4 – 2 8
–3 – 3 9
5
Answer: (d) [3]
–16
x =
2
x = –8
–8
Answer: x [2]
91
Workbook of Variant 3
10 (a) Simplify.
x2 − 3x
x2 − 9
x (x − 3)
[a2 − b2 = (a + b) (a − b)]
(x + 3) (x − 3)
x
x+3
x
x+3
Answer: (a) [3]
(b) Solve
15 20
− =2
x x+1
15 (x + 1) − 20x
=2
x (x + 1)
15x + 15 − 20x
=2
x2 + x
15 − 5x = 2 (x2 + x)
15 − 5x = 2x2 + 2x
0 = 2x2 + 2x + 5x − 15
0 = 2x2 + 7x − 15
2x2 + 7x − 15 = 0
2x2 − 3x + 10x − 15 = 0 [Sum = 7, Product = –30]
x(2x − 3) + 5(2x − 3) = 0
(2x − 3) (x + 5) = 0
Either 2x − 3 = 0 or x+5=0
2x = 3 or x = –5
3
x =
2
3
2 –5
Answer: x = or x = [7]
92
Algebra
4 Factorise completely.
15a3 − 5ab
= 5a (3a2 − b) [common factor]
5a (3a2 − b)
Answer: [2]
(3x − 4) (x + 2)
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) Solve the equation 3x2 + 2x − 8 = 0.
(3x − 4) (x + 2) = 0
Either 3x − 4 = 0 or x+2=0
3x = 4 or x = –2
4
x =
3
4
3 –2
Answer: (b) x = or x = [1]
93
Workbook of Variant 3
–18.2
x=
–7
x = 2.6
Substitute value of x in 1st equation
3(2.6) + 4y = 10.80
7.8 + 4y = 10.80
4y = 10.80 − 7.8
4y = 3
3
4y =
4
y = 0.75
2.6
Answer: cost of a notebook = $
0.75
cost of pencil = $ [5]
7 2x – 3
8 (a) (i) Show that the equation + = 1 can be simplified to
2x2 + 3x − 6 = 0. x+4 2
Answer (a)(i):
7 × 2 + (2x − 3) (x + 4)
=1
2 (x + 4)
14 + 2x (x + 4) −3 (x + 4) = 2 (x + 4)
14 + 2x2 + 8x − 3x − 12 = 2x + 8
2x2 + 8x − 3x − 2x + 14 − 12 − 8 = 0
2x2 + 3x − 6 = 0 [3]
(ii) Solve the equation 2x2 + 3x − 6 = 0
Show all your working and give your answers correct to 2 decimal places.
a = 2, b = 3, c = -6
94
Algebra
−b ± b2 − 4ac
x =
2a
−3 ± (3)2 − 4 (2)(-6)
x =
2(2)
x = −3 ± 57
4
x = −3 + 57 or x = −3 + 57
4 4
x = 1.137458609 or x = –2.637458609
1.14 –2.64
Answer: (a) (ii) x = or x = [4]
(b) The total surface area of a cone with radius x and slant height 3x is equal to the area of a
circle with radius r.
Show that r = 2x.
[The curved surface area, A, of a cone with radius r and slant height l is A = πrl.]
Answer (b):
The total surface area of cone = curved surface of cone + area of circle
[area of circle = πr2]
πr2 = π(x) (3x) + πx2
πr2 = 3 πx2 + πx2
πr2 = 4 πrx2
4πx2
r2 =
π
r2 = 4x2
r = 4x2
r = 2x [4]
2x + 5
=8
3
2x + 5 = 8 × 3
2x + 5 = 24
95
Workbook of Variant 3
2x = 24 − 5
2x = 19
19
x=
2
x = 9.5
9.5
Answer: x = [3]
8 (a) A straight line joins the points (−1, −4) and (3, 8).
(i) Find the midpoint of the this line.
= ( x +2 x , y +2 y )
1 2 1 2
= ( –1 + 3 , –4 + 8 )
2 2
= (1, 2)
(1, 2)
Answer: (a) (i) [2]
(ii) Find the equation of this line.
Give your answer in the form y = mx + c
y2 − y2
m =
x2 − x1
m = 8 − (−4)
3 − (−1)
8+4
m =
3+1
12
m =
4
m = 3
Substitute value of m in general equation of line
y = mx + c → (general equation of line)
8 = 3(3) + c
8−9=c
c = -1
3x − 1
Answer: (a) (ii) y = [3]
96
Algebra
(x − 2) (x + 5)
Answer: (b) (i) [2]
(ii) The graph of y = x2 + 3x − 10 is sketched below.
x
(a, 0) 0 (b, 0)
(0, c)
Write down the values of a, b and c.
(a, 0) and (b, 0) are x - intercept.
[to find x - intercept, substitute y = 0]
x2 + 3x − 10 = y
(x − 2) (x + 5) = 0
x = 2, x = −5
a = −5, b=2
(0, c) is y - intercept
[To find y - intercept, substitute x = 0]
y = 02 + 3(0) − 10
y = −10
–5
Answer: (b) (ii) a
2
b
–10
c [3]
97
Workbook of Variant 3
(iii) Write down the equation of the line of symmetry of the graph of y = x2 + 3x −10.
2−5
x =
2
x = −1.5
–1.5
Answer: (b) (iii) [1]
(c) Sketch the graph of y = 18 + 7x − x2 on the axes below.
Indicate clearly the values where the graph crosses the x and y axes.
y
(0,18)
x
(-2,0) 0 (9,0)
To find x - inrecept put y = 0
0 = 18 + 7x − x2
x2 − 7x − 18 = 0
x(x − 9) + 2(x − 9) = 0
(x − 9) (x + 2) = 0
x − 9 = 0, or x + 2 = 0
x = 9, x = −2
to find y-intercept put x = 0
y = 18 + 7(0) − 02
y = 18
18
Answer: (c) [4]
(d) (i) x2 + 12x − 7 = (x + p)2 − q
Find the value of p and value of q.
Method: 1
x2 + 12 − 7
(x + 6)2 − 36 − 7
(x + 6)2 − 43. (now compare)
98
Algebra
12x
=p
2x
p = 6
p2 − q = −7
62 − q = −7
36 − (−7) = q
q = 43.
6 43
Answer: (d) (i) p = or q = [3]
(ii) Write down the minimum value of y for the graph of y = x2 + 12x − 7.
–43
Answer: (d) (ii) [1]
10 (a)
(3x – 5) cm
(2x – 3) cm
(15 – 2x) cm
(2x + 7) cm
(i) Write an expression, in term of x, for the perimeter of the quadrilateral. Give your answer
in its simplest form.
Perimeter = 3x − 5 + 2x − 3 + 2x + 7 + 15 − 2x [Perimeter means boundry]
Perimeter = 3x + 2x + 2x − 2x − 5 − 3 + 7 + 15
Perimeter = 5x + 14
5x + 14
Answer: (a) (i) cm [2]
99
Workbook of Variant 3
18
x =
5
x = 3.6
3x − 5 = 3(3.6) − 5 = 5.8
2x − 3 = 2(3.6) − 3 = 4.2
2x + 7 = 2(3.6) + 7 = 14.2 → (longest side)
15 − 2x = 15 − 2(3.6) = 7.8
14.2
Answer: (a) (ii) cm [3]
(b)
am
13.5 m
(3b + a) m
100
Algebra
a = 152.75
47
a = 3.25
(Substitute value of a in 1st equation)
8(3.25) − 3b = 18.5
26 − 3b = 18.5
26 − 18.5 = 3b
7.5 = 3b
3b = 7.5
7.5
b =
3
b = 2.5
3.25
Answer: (b) (ii) a
2.5
b [6]
2 Factorise completely.
9x2 − 6x
= 3x (3x − 2) [common factor]
3x (3x − 2)
Answer: [2]
5 Factorise 2x2 – 5x − 3.
[product = −6, sum −5]
2x2 − 5x − 3
= 2x2 − 6x + x − 3 [splitting middle term]
= 2x (x − 3) + 1(x − 3)
= (x − 3) (2x + 1)
(x − 3) (2x + 1)
Answer: [2]
101
Workbook of Variant 3
14
x =
5
x = 2.8
2.8
Answer: x = [3]
x = −b ± b − 4ac
2
2a
x = −1 ± 17
4
x = −1 + 17 or x = −1 − 17
4 4
x = 0.7807764064 or x = –1.280776406
0.78 –1.28
Answer: (c) (ii) x = or x = [4]
7 (a) The total surface area of a cone is given by the formula A = πrl + πr2
(i) Find A when r = 6.2 cm and l = 10.8 cm.
A = π (6.2) (10.8) + π (6.2)2 [Hint : type this in calculator as it is]
a = 331.1238657
331
Answer: (a) (i) cm2 [2]
102
Algebra
A − πr = l
2
π 2r A − πr2
π 2r
Answer: (a) (ii) l [2]
(b) (i) Irina walks 10 km at 4 km/h and then a further 8 km at 5 km/h.
Calculate Irina's average speed for the whole journey.
Distance
Time =
Speed
10
Time1 = t1 =
4
t1 = 2.5 hours
8
Time2 = t2 =
5
t2 = 1.6 hours
Total time = T1 + T2 = 2.5 + 1.6 = 4.1 hours
Total distance = 10 + 8 = 18 km.
Total Distance
Average Speed =
Total Speed
18
=
4.1
= 4.390243902
4.39
Answer: (b) (i) km/h [3]
(ii) Dariella walks x km at 5 km/h and then runs (x + 4) km at 10 km/h.
The average speed of this journey is 7 km/h.
Find the value of x.
Show all your working.
x
Time1 = t1 =
5
x+4
Time = t2 =
10
Total time = t1 + t2
x x+4
= +
5 10
10x + 5(x + 4)
=
5(10)
103
Workbook of Variant 3
= 10x + 5x + 20
50
15x + 20
=
50
Total distance = x + x + 4 = 2x + 4
Total distance
Average speed =
Total time
Total Distance
Total Time =
Average Speed
15x + 20 2x + 4
∴ =
50 7
7(15x + 20) = 50(2x + 4)
105x + 140 = 100x + 200
105x − 100x = 200 − 140
5x = 60
x = 12
12
Answer: (b) (ii) x = [5]
(c) (i) Priyantha sells her model car for $19.80 at a profit of 20%.
Calculate the original price of the model car.
Old New
C. P. S. P.
% 100 120
x 19.80
100 × 19.80
x =
120
x = 16.5
16.5
Answer: (c) (i) $ [3]
104
Algebra
Old New
C. P. S. P.
% 100 100 + y
a x
100 x = a(100 + y)
100 x
=a
100 + y
100 x
a =
100 + y
100 x
100 + y
Answer: (c) (ii) $ [3]
6 Simplify
1 − 2u + u + 4
1 + 4 −2u + u
5−u
5−u
Answer: [2]
7 Factorise completely.
2x − 4x2
2x(1 − 2x) [Common factor]
2x(1 − 2x)
Answer: [2]
x = −b ± b − 4ac
2
2a
105
Workbook of Variant 3
x = −4 ± 76
6
x = −4 + 76 or x = −4 − 76
6 6
x = 0.7862996478 or x = −2.119632981
0.79 –2.12
Answer: x = or x = [4]
x = 1411
17
x = 83
83
Answer: (a) x = [4]
(b)
y+1
y
y+3 2y + 1
The area of the rectangle and the area of the triangle are equal.
Find the value of y.
Area of rectangle = area of triangle
1
l × b = ×b×h
2
106
Algebra
1
y(y + 3) = (2y + 1)(y + 1)
2
2y(y + 3) = (2y + 1)(y + 1)
2y2 + 6y = 2y(y + 1) + 1(y + 1)
2y2 + 6y = 2y2 + 2y + y + 1
2y2 + 6y = 2y2 + 3y +1
2y2 + 6y − 2y2 − 3y = 1
3y = 1
1
y = 1
3
3
Answer: (b) y = [4]
(c) The cost of a bottle of water is (w − 1) cents.
The cost of a bottle of milk is (2w − 11) cents.
A certain number of bottles of water costs $ 4.80.
The same number of bottles of milk cost $ 7.80.
Find the value of w.
Number of bottles of water = Number of bottles of milk.
480 780
=
w−1 2w − 11
480 (2w − 11) = 780(w − 1)
960w − 5280 = 780w − 780
960w − 780w = 5280 − 780
180w = 4500
4500
w =
180
w = 25
25
Answer: (c) w = [4]
(d)
u cm
t
(3u – 2) cm
1
area of trangle = × base × height
2
1
2.5 = (3u − 2) (u)
2
2 × 2.5 = 3u2 − 2u
5 = 3u2 − 2u
0 = 3u2 − 2u − 5
0 = 3u2 − 2u − 5
Answer: (d) (i) [2]
(ii) Factorise 3u2 − 2u − 5.
[product = −15, sum = −2]
3u2 − 2u − 5
3u2 + 3u − 5u − 5
3u (u + 1) − 5 (u + 1)
(3u − 5) (u + 1)
(u + 1) (3u − 5)
Answer: (d) (ii) [2]
(iii) Find the size of angle t.
3u2 − 2u − 5 = 0
(u + 1) (3u − 5) = 0
3u − 5 = 0 or u+1=0 5
3
5
u = u = –1 t
3
5
TOA 3= –2
3
O =3
tan t =
A
( 53 ÷ 3)
tan t =
t = tan ( ÷ 3)
5 -1
3
t = 29.0546041
29.1
Answer: (d) (iii) [3]
108
3
Workbook of
Solution 4
MENSURATION
Mensuration
Chapter 3: Mensuration
17
K
40°
O 5.6 cm L
OKL is a sector of a circle, center O, radius 5.6 cm. Angle KOL = 40o
Calculate
(a) the area of the sector,
θ
area of the sector = × πr 2
360
40
= × π(5.6)2
360
= 10.94670507
10.9
Answer: (a) cm2 [2]
(b) the perimeter of the sector.
Perimeter of sector = Arc length + 2r
θ
= × 2πr + 2r
360
40
= × 2π(5.6) + 2(5.6)
360
= 15.10953752
15.1
Answer (b): cm [2]
111
Workbook of Variant 3
3cm
6cm
10 cm
A solid metal cuboid measures 10 cm by 6 cm by 3 cm.
(a) Show that 16 of these solid metal cuboids will fit exactly into a box which has internal
measurements 40 cm by 12 cm by 6 cm.
Answer (a):
40 12 6
= 4; = 2; =2
10 6 3
4 × 2 × 2 = 16
16
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) Calculate the volume of one metal cuboid.
Volume of cuboid = l × b × h
= 10 × 6 × 3
= 180
180
Answer: (b) cm3 [1]
(c) One cubic centimetre of the metal has a mass of 8 grams.
The box has a mass of 600 grams.
Calculate the total mass of the 16 cuboids and the box in
(i) grams,
Volume of one metal cuboid = 180 cm3
Volume of 16 metal cuboids = 16 × 180
= 2880 cm3
112
Mensuration
cm3 gram
1 8
2880 x
x = 2880 × 8
x = 23040
Total mass of 16 cuboid and box = 23040 + 600
= 23640
23640
Answer: (c) (i) g [2]
(ii) kilograms.
23640
= 23.640 [To convert grams to kilograms ÷ 1000]
1000
23.6
Answer: (c) (ii) kg [1]
(d) (i) Calculate the surface area of one of the solid metal cuboids.
Surface area of cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl)
= 2(10 × 6 + 6 × 3 + 3 × 10)
= 216
216
Answer: (d) (i) cm2 [2]
(ii) The surface of each cuboid is painted. The cost of the paint is $ 25 per square metre.
Calculate the cost of painting all 16 cuboids.
Surface area of one cuboid = 216 cm2
Surface area of 16 cuboid = 3456 cm2
3456 m2
3456 cm2 =
1002
= 0.3456 m2
m2 $
1 25
0.3456 x
x = 0.3456 × 25
= 8.64
8.64
Answer: (d) (ii) $ [3]
113
Workbook of Variant 3
(e) One of the solid metal cuboids is melted down. Some of the metal is used to make 200
identical solid spheres of radius 0.5 cm.
Calculate the volume of metal from this cuboid which is not used.
4
[The volume, V, of a sphere of radius r is V = π r 3]
3
Let volume of metal from this cuboid which is not used be x
Volume of metal cuboid = 200 (volume of sphere) + x
180 = 200 ( 43 πr ) + x 3
3
180 = 104.7197551 + x
x = 180 − 104.7197551
x = 75.28024488
75.3
Answer: (e) cm3 [3]
(f) 50 cm3 of metal is used to make 20 identical solid spheres of radius r.
Calculate the radius r.
50 = 20 (volume of one sphere)
4
50 = 20 × π r3
3
50 × 3
= r3
20 × 4 × π
50 × 3
3 =r
20 × 4 × π
r = 0.8419451505
0.842
Answer: (f) r = cm [3]
114
Mensuration
18
x°
8 cm
x θ
16 + 14π = × 2π(8) + 2(8) [Arc length = × 2πr]
360 360
x
16 + 14π = × 2(π)8 + 16
360
x
16 + 14π − 16 = × 2π(8)
360
x
14π = × 2π(8)
360
14π × 360 = x
2π(8)
315 = x
n = 315
315
Answer: x = [3]
115
Workbook of Variant 3
3 cm
12 cm
4
[The volume, V, of the sphere with radius r is V = π r 3]
3
Volume of this solid = volume of cylinder + volume of hemisphere
= π r 2h + ( 43 × πr )
1
2
3
2 (3
× π(3) )
1 4
= π(3) (12) +
2 3
= 395.8406744
396
Answer: (a) (i) cm3 [4]
(ii) The solid is made of steel and 1 cm3 of steel has a mass of 7.9 g.
Calculate the mass of the solid.
Give your answer in kilograms.
cm3 gram
1 7.9
395.8406744 x
x = 7.9 × 395.8406744
x = 3127.141328 g
3127.141328
31227.141328g = kg [to convert gram to kg ÷ 1000]
1000
= 3.127141328
3.13
Answer: (a) (ii) kg [2]
116
Mensuration
(iii) The solid fits into a box in the shape of a cuboid, 15 cm by 6 cm by 6 cm.
Calculate the volume of the box not occupied by the solid.
volume of box not occupied by solid = volume of cuboid − Volume of solid
= 15 × 6 × 6 − 395.8406744 [volume of cuboids = l × b × h ]
= 144.1593256
144
Answer: (a) (iii) cm2 [2]
(b) (i) Calculate the total surface area of the solid.
You must show your working.
[The surface area, A, of a sphere with radius r is A = 4πr2]
Total surface area = A (circle) + CSA (cylinder) + A (hemisphere)
Total surface area = πr2 + 2πrh + 2πr2
= π(3)2 + 2π(3)(12) + 2π(3)2
= 311.0176727
4πr2
[surface area of hemisphere = = 2πr2]
2
311
Answer: (b) (i) cm2 [5]
(ii) The surface of the solid is painted.
The cost of the paint is $ 0.09 per millilitre.
One millilitre of paint covers an area of 8 cm2.
Calculate the cost of painting the solid.
millilitre cm2
1 8
x 311.0176727
311.0176727
x =
8
x = 38.87720909
millilitre cost
1 0.09
38.87720909 y
y = 38.87720909 × 0.09
y = 3.4989488181
3.50
Answer: (b) (ii) $ [2]
117
Workbook of Variant 3
920
= r2
π × 12
920
r2 =
π × 12
920
r =
π × 12
r = 4.940015986
4.94
Answer: cm [3]
4 A
8 cm
6 cm
B C
9 cm
118
Mensuration
b2 + c2 − a2
cos A =
2bc
82 + 62 − 92
cos A =
2(8)(6)
A = cos-1 ( 82 + 62 − 92
2(8)(6) )
A = 78.58484226
x = 78.6o
78.6
Answer: (b) (i) Angle BOM = [1]
(ii) Calculate the radius of the circle and show that it rounds to 4.59 cm, correct to 3
significant figure.
Answer (b)(ii):
D
O
sin 78.6 =
H
78.6
sin 78.6 = 4.5
r r
4.5
r =
sin 78.6
= 4.590566485 B 4.5 M 4.5 C
≈ 4.59
(c) Calculate the area of the triangle ABC as a percentage of area of the circle.
119
Workbook of Variant 3
14
r 2r
The sphere of radius r fits exactly inside the cylinder of radius r and height 2r.
Calculate the percentage of the cylinder occupied by the sphere.
4
[The volume, V, of a sphere with radius r is V = π r 3]
3
Area of sphere
× 100
Area of cylinder
4
π × r3
3
× 100
π × r2 × 2r
4
3
× 100
2
4
[ ÷ 2] × 100
3
= 66.66666667
66.7
Answer: % [3]
19 A
50°
O
9 cm
B
The diagram shows a sector AOB of circle, centre O, radius 9 cm with angle AOB = 50°.
Calculate the area of the segment shaded in the diagram.
120
Mensuration
θ 1
= × πr2 − × a × b × sin C
360 2
50 1
= × π ×92 − × 9 × 9 × sin 50
360 2
= 4.318117407
4.32
Answer: cm2 [4]
1
0.8 m
0.5 m
1.2 m
1.2 m
d
0.4 m
121
Workbook of Variant 3
t = 1.6 min.
1.6 min = (1 + 0.6) min
0.6 min = 0.6 × 60 sec
= 36 sec [To convert min to sec.]
1 36
Answer: (a) min, [3]
(b) The radius of the cylinder is 0.4 m.
Calculate the depth of water, d, when all the water from the rectangular tank is in the
cylinder.
Volume of rectangular tank = Volume of cylinder
1.2 × 0.8 × 0.5 = πr2d
1.2 × 0.8 × 0.5 = π(0.4)2d
0.954
Answer: (b) d = m. [3]
(c) The cylinder has a height of 1.2 m and is open at the top.
The inside surface is painted at cost of $ 2.30 per m2.
Calculate the cost of painting the inside surface.
Inside surfce area of cylinder = πr2 + 2πrh
= π(0.4)2 + 2π(0.4)(1.2)
= 3.518583772 m2
m2 $
1 2.30
3.518583772 x
x = 3.518583772 × 2.30
= 8.092742676
8.09
Answer: (c) $ [4]
122
Mensuration
16
4 cm
15 cm
πr2
area of cross section (semi circle) =
2
π(4)2
=
2
= 8π
2πr
perimeter of cross section = +r+r
2
2π(4)
= +4+4
2
= 4π + 8
Total surface area of prism = 2(area of cross section) + perimeter × length
= 2(8π) + (4π + 8) × 15
= 358.7610417
359
Answer: cm2 [4]
123
Workbook of Variant 3
3 cm 3 cm
6 cm
8 cm
The diagram shows two solid spheres of radius 3 cm lying on the base of cylinder of radius 8 cm.
Liquid is poured into the cylinder until the spheres are just covered.
4
[The volume, V, of a sphere with radius r is V = π r 3]
3
(a) Calculate the volume of liquid in the cylinder in
(i) cm3,
Volume of liquid in the cylinder = volume of cylinder with height 6 − volume of 2 spheres.
( 43 πr )
= π r 2h − 2 3
980
Answer: (a) (i) cm2 [4]
(ii) litres.
980
980 cm3 = = 0.980
1000
[1000 cm3 = 1 litre]
0.98
Answer: (a) (ii) litres [1]
124
Mensuration
(b) One cubic centimetre of the liquid has a mass of 1.22 grams.
Calculate the mass of the liquid in the cylinder.
Give your answer in kilograms.
cm3 grams.
1 1.22
980.1769079 x
x = 980.1769079 × 1.22
x = 1195.815825 gram
= 1195.815828 gram
= 1195.815828
1000
= 1.195815828 kg
1.2
Answer: (b) kg [2]
(c) The spheres are removed from the cylinder.
Calculate the new height of the liquid in the cylinder.
METHOD 1:-
2( 43 πr ) = πr h
3 2
2( π × 3 ) = π (8) h
4 3 2
3
72π = π82h
72π
=h
π82
h = 1.125
new height = 6 − 1.125
= 4.875
METHOD 2 :-
980.1769079 = πr2h
980.1769079 = π(8)2h
980.1769079
=h
π(8)2
h = 4.875
4.88
Answer: (c) cm [2]
125
Workbook of Variant 3
17
B
5r
O 4r
θ
arc length = × 2πr
360
θ
4r = × 2π(5r)
360
4r × 360
=θ
2π(5r)
144
=θ
π
area of sector = θ × πr 2
360
144 ÷ π
= × π(5r)2
360
144 ÷ π
= × π × 25 × r2
360
= 10r2
10r2
Answer: [3]
126
Mensuration
cm2 gram
1080 8000
1 x
8000
x =
1080
= 7.4074070407
7.41
Answer: (a) g [1]
(b) The base of the cuboid measures 12 cm by 10 cm.
Calculate the height of the cuboid.
Volume of cuboid = l × b × h
1080 = 12 × 10 × h
1080
=h
12 × 10
9 = h
9
Answer: (b) cm [2]
(c) The cuboid is melted down and made into a sphere with radius r cm.
(i) Calculate the value of r.
4
[The volume, V, of a sphere with radius r is V = π r 3]
3
Volume of cuboid = volume of sphere
4
1080 = π r3
3
1080 × 3
=r
4×π
1080 × 3
=r
4×π
6.364706508 = r
r = 6.364706508
6.36
Answer: (c) (i) r = [3]
(ii) Calculate the surface area of the sphere.
[The surface area, A, of a sphere with radius r is A = 4 πr2]
127
Workbook of Variant 3
= 4π(6.364706508)2
= 509.0572513
509
Answer: (c) (ii) cm2 [3]
(d) A larger sphere has a radius R cm.
The surface area of this sphere is double the surface area of the sphere with radius r cm in
part (c).
R
Find the value of .
r
METHOD 1
As surface area of sphere with radius R is double the surface area of the radius r in part(c),
area factor of these 2 spheres is 2:1
( ) = 21
R 2
r
R 2
=
r 1
R
= 2
r
METHOD 2
( ) = 2(509.0572513)
R 2
r 509.0572513
( )
R 2 2
=
r 1
R
= 2
r
2
Answer: (d) [2]
128
Mensuration
7 4 cm
5 cm
10 cm
18 cm
4 cm The shaded shape has rotational symmetry of order 2. Work out the
shaded area.
5 cm
10 cm = 2[10 × 4 + 18 × 5]
5 cm = 260
18 cm 260
Answer: cm2 [3]
18
B A
5 cm
120°
= θ × πr2 − 1 × a × b × sin C
360 2
1
= 120 × π(5)2 − × 5 × 5 × sin 120
360 2
= 15.35462123
15.4
Answer: cm2 [4]
129
Workbook of Variant 3
4 I
H
J
F
7 cm 40 cm
E 22 cm G
EFGHIJ is solid metal prism of length 40 cm.
The cross section EFG is a right angled triangle. EF = 7 cm and EG = 22 cm.
(a) Calculate the volume of the prism.
volume of prism = area of cross section × length
1
= × b × h × length
2
1
= × 22 × 7 × 40
2
= 3080
3080
Answer: (a) cm3 [2]
(b) Calculate the length FJ.
EJ2 = EG2 + GJ2 [By pythagoras theorem]
EJ2 = 222 + 402 4 J
F
EJ = 222 + 402
EJ = 45.65084884 Base
40cm 7cm
FJ2 = EJ2 + EF2
FJ2 = 45.650848842 + 72
FJ = 45.650848842 + 72 E J
E G
22cm
FJ = 46.18441296
46.2
Answer: (b) FJ = cm [4]
130
Mensuration
(c) Calculate the angle between FJ and the EGJH of the prism.
O
sin θ = F
H
7 (0)
sin θ =
46.2 46.2
7cm
(4)
θ = sin–1 ( 7
46.2 )
θ = 8.714742019 E J
8.7
Answer: (c) [3]
(d) The prism is melted and made into spheres.
Each sphere has a radius 1.5 cm.
Work out the greatest number of spheres that can be made.
4
[The volume, V, of a sphere with radius r is V = π r 3]
3
volume of cuboid
number of spheres =
volume of sphere
3080
=
4
× π 1.53
3
= 217.8654332
217
Answer: (d) [3]
(e) (i) A right angled triangle is the cross section of another prism.
This triangle has height 4.5 cm and base 11.0 cm.
Both measurements are correct to 1 decimal place.
Calculate the upper bound for the area of this triangle.
1 decimal place = 0.1
0.1 ÷ 2 = 0.05
4.5 + 0.05 = 4.55 (upper bound of height)
11.0 + 0.05 = 11.5 (upper bound of base)
1
upper bound for area = ×b×h
2
1
= 4.55 × 11.05
2
= 25.13875
25.13875cm2
Answer: (e) (i) cm2 [2]
131
Workbook of Variant 3
25.14 cm2
Answer: (e) (ii) cm2 [1]
2 Three of the vertices of a parallelogram are at (4, 12), (8, 4) and (16, 16).
y
24
20
16
12
x
–8 –4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Write down the co-ordinates of two possible positions of the fourth vertex.
(–4, 0) is also possible.
20 8 2 24
Answer: ( ) and ( ) [2]
O
120°
3m 3m
A B
132
Mensuration
During a storm the tunnel filled with water, to the level shown by the shaded area in the diagram.
(a) Calculate the shaded area.
Shaded area = area of triangle + 2(area of sector)
=
1
2 ( 360θ × πr )
× a × b × sin C + 2 2
2 360
= 8.609503297
8.61
Answer: (a) m2 [4]
(b) The tunnel is 50 m long.
Calculate the volume of water in the tunnel.
Volume of water in the tunnel = area of cross section × length
= 8.609503297 × 50
= 430.4751649
430
Answer: (b) m3 [1]
35 cm
The cross section of the container is designed from three semi-circles with diameters 17.5 cm,
6.5 cm and 24 cm.
17.5 cm 6.5 cm
133
Workbook of Variant 3
17.5 cm 6.5 cm
π (8.75)2
1 → area of shape 1 = = 120.2640938 [r = 8.75]
17.5 cm 6.5 cm 2
π (12)2 π (3.25)2
2 → area of shape 2 = – = 209.6031349
2 2
Area of cross section = 120.2640938 + 209.631349
1
3
= 329.8672287
17.5 cm 6.5 cm
2
330
Answer: (a) cm2 [3]
(b) Calculate the external surface area of the container, including the base.
2970
Answer: (b) cm2 [4]
(c) The container has a height of 35 cm.
Calculate the capacity of the container.
Give your answer in litres.
Capacity of the container = area of cross section × height
= 329.8672287 × 35
= 11545.353 cm3
11545.353
11545.353 cm3 = litre
1000
= 11.545353
11.5
Answer: (c) litres [3]
134
Mensuration
20 cm
r
40 cm
h
h
Show that r = .
2
Answer (d)(i):
r h
=
20 40
h
r = × 20
40
h
r =
2
1
[The volume, V, of a cone with radius r and height h is V = πr2h]
3
Water of old container = Water in this cone
1
11545.353 = π r 2h
3
1 h
( )h
2
11545.353 = π
3 2
11545.353 × 22 × 3
= h3
π
11545.353 × 22 × 3
h = 3
π
h = 35.33020818
35.3
Answer: (d) (ii) h = cm [3]
135
Workbook of Variant 3
21
1 2 3 4
θ 2πr
perimeter = × 2πr + +r+r
360 2
240 2π(6)
= × 2π(6) + +6+6
360 2
= 62.26548246
62.3
Answer: cm [5]
136
Mensuration
10
8 cm
r cm
(a) The three sides of an equilateral triangle are tangents to a circle of radius r cm.
The sides8of
cmthe triangle are 8 cm long.
Answer (a):
O
tan 30 = rcm
A
tan 30 = r
4 30
4 × tan 30 = r 4cm
2.309401077 = r
r = 2.309401077
8 cm
≈ 2.3
2.3
Answer: (a) [3]
(b) 12 cm
8 cm
12 cm
The diagram shows a box in the shape of a triangular prism of height 12 cm.
The cross section is an equilateral triangle of side 8 cm.
137
Workbook of Variant 3
= ( ×8 × sin 60) × 12
1 2
2
= 332.5537551
333
Answer: (b) cm3 [4]
(c) The box contains biscuits.
Each biscuit is a cylinder of radius 2.3 centimetres and height 4 millimetres.
Calculate
(i) the largest number of biscuits that can be placed in the box,
30
Answer: (c) (i) [3]
(ii) the volume of one biscuit in cubic centimetres,
4 millimetres = 0.4 centimetres
volume of one biscuit = πr2h
= π(2.3)2(0.4)
= 6.647610055
6.65
Answer: (c) (ii) cm2 [2]
(iii) the percentage of the volume of the box not filled with biscuits.
volume of box not filled with biscuits = 332.5537551 − 30(6.64761005)
= 133.1254535
percentage of the volume of box not filled with biscuits
133.1254535
= × 100
332.5537551
= 40.03125854
40
Answer: (c) (iii) % [3]
138
Mensuration
18
6 cm
15 cm
The diagram shows a glass, in the shape of a cone, for drinking milk.
The cone has a radius of 6 cm and height 15 cm.
A bottle of milk holds 2 litres.
(a) How many times can the glass be completely filled from the bottle?
1
[The volume, V, of a cone with radius r and height h is V = πr2h.]
3
2 litres = 2000cm3
= 3.536776513
3
Answer: (a) [4]
(b) Calculate the volume of milk left in the bottle.
Give your answer in cm3.
volume of milk left = Total volume of milk in bottle − volume of 3 glass
= 2000 − 3 ( 13 πr h)
2
3
= 303.5399671
304
Answer: (b) cm3 [3]
139
Workbook of Variant 3
ABCD is a trapezium.
1 (a)
11 cm
A B
4.7 cm
D C
2.6 cm
17 cm
AD = 2.62 + 4.72
AD = 5.371219601
5.37
Answer: (a) (i) AD = cm [2]
(ii) Calculate the size of angle BCD.
3.4 = 17 − 2.6 – 11
O B
tan θ =
A
O (0)
tan θ =
A 4.7 cm
4.7
tan θ =
3.4
C
3.4
4.7 A
θ = tan
3.4
θ = 54.11786275
54.1
Answer: (a) (ii) angle BCD = [3]
(iii) Calculate the area of the trapezium ABCD.
1
Area of trapezium = (a + b) × h
2
1
= (17 + 11) × 4.7
3
= 65.8
65.8
Answer: (a) (iii) cm2 [2]
140
Mensuration
( )=
9.4 x
2
4.7 65.8
x
9.4 =
2
4.7 2 65.8
65.8 × 9.4 = x
2
4.72
263.2 = x
x = 263.2
263
Answer: (b) cm2 [3]
A P
56° 6.5 cm
8 cm 8 cm
O x
C B Q
1
Area of triangle = × a × b × sin C
2
1
= × 8 × 8 × sin 56
2
= 26.52920232
26.52920232
Answer: (a) [2]
141
Workbook of Variant 3
(b) The area of sector OPQ is equal to the area of triangle ABC.
(i) Calculate the sector angle x.
Area of sector = area of triangle
θ
× πr2 = 26.52920232
360
x
× π6.52 = 26.52920232
360
x = 360 × 26.52920232
π × 6.52
x = 71.9531989
72
Answer: (b) (i) [3]
(ii) Calculate the perimeter of the sector OPQ.
Perimeter of the sector = Arc length + r + r
θ
= × 2πr + r+ r
360
71.9531989
= × 2π(6.5) + 6.5 + 6.5
360
= 21.16283148
21.1
Answer: (b) (ii) cm [3]
(c) The diagram shows a sector of a circle, radius r cm.
r cm
30°
142
Mensuration
Answer (c)(i):
area of shaded segment = area of sector − area of triangle
θ 1
= × π× r2 − × a × b × sin C
360 2
30 1
= × πr 2 − r × r × sin 30
360 2
1 1 2 1
= × πr 2 − r ×
12 2 2
=
1
× r2
1
(
π−1 ) 1 2 1
4 3
Answer: (c) (i)
4
r
(3
π−1
) [4]
(ii) The area of the segment is 5 cm2.
Find the value of r.
Find the value of r.
1 2 1
4
r
3(π-1 = 5)
5×4
r2 =
( 13 π −1)
5×4
r =
( 13 π−1)
r = 20.58520824
20.6
Answer: (c) (ii) r = [3]
30
=r
2π
30
r =
2π
r = 4.774648293
4.77
Answer: (a) cm [2]
143
Workbook of Variant 3
(b)
π r2
Arc of semi circle =
2
= π (4.774648293)
2
2
= 35.8098622
35.8
Answer: (b) cm2 [2]
180000
=h
π(45)2
h = 28.29421211
28.3
Answer: (a) cm [2]
D
(b) C
70 cm
40 cm
D C 150 cm
A 50 cm B 70 cm
40 cm
150 cm
A 50 cm B
144
Mensuration
The diagram shows an empty tank in the shape of a horizontal prism of length 150 cm.
The cross section of the prism is an isoscels trapezium ABCD.
AB = 50 cm, CD = 70 cm and the vertical height of the trapezium is 40 cm.
(i) Calculate the volume of the tank.
Volume of prism = area of cross section × length
1
= [ (a + b) × h] × length
2
1
= (50 + 70) × 40 × 150
2
= 360000
360000
Answer: (b) (i) cm3 [3]
(ii) Write your answer to part (b)(i) in litres.
360000
360000 cm3 =
1000
= 360 litre
360
Answer: (b) (ii) litre [1]
(c) The 180 000 cm3 of water flows from the tank in part (a) into the tank in part (b) at rate of
15 cm3/s.
Calculate the time this takes.
Give answer in hours and minutes.
Volume = Rate x time x something.
[Something depends on unit of rate]
Volume = Rate x time x __________
cm3 = cm3/s x s [equation balanced]
180000 = 15 x t
12000 = t
t = 12000 seconds
12000 10 1
12000 s = = =3 hours
60 x 60 3 3
1 1
3 hours = (3 + ) hours
3 3
1
hours = 20 min
3
3 hours, 20 min.
3 20
Answer: (c) h min [3]
145
Workbook of Variant 3
(d)
D 70 cm C
x cm
F E
40 cm
h cm
A 50 cm B
The 180 000 cm3 of water reached the level EF as shown above.
EF = x cm and the height of the water is h cm.
(i) Using the properties of similar triangles, show that h = 2 (x − 50).
Answer (d)(i):
C
1
(x − 50)
h 2
=
40 10
E
40
1
(x − 50) h
2
h = × 40
10 B
1 1 (x - 50)
h = (x − 50) × 4
2 2
10
h = (x − 50) × 2
h = 2(x − 50)
2(x − 50)
Answer: (d) (i) cm3 [2]
(ii) Using h = 2(x − 50), show that the shaded area, in cm2, is x2 − 2500.
Answer (d)(ii):
1
Shaded area = (a + b) h
2
1
= (x + 50) × 2 × (x − 50)
2
= (x + 50) (x − 50)
= x2 − 502
= x2 − 2500
x2 − 2500
Answer: (d) (ii) [1]
146
Mensuration
180000
= x2 − 2500
150
1200 = x2 − 2500
1200 + 2500 = x2
x = 1200 +2500
x = 60.8276253
60.8
Answer: (b)(iii) x = [2]
(iv) Find the value of h.
h = 2(x − 50)
h = 2(60.8276253 − 50)
h = 21.65525061
21.7
Answer: (d)(iv) h = [1]
25
B
8 cm
30°
O A
C
OAB is the sector of a circle, centre O, with radius 8 cm and sector angle 30o.
BC is perpendicular to OA.
Calculate the area of the region shaded on the diagram.
147
Workbook of Variant 3
cos 30 = OC 8 × cos 30 = OC B
OB
(4)
COS θ = A cos 30 = OC OC = 6.92820323
H 8 8cm
shaded area = area of sector − area of triangle.
θ 30
1 O
= × π× r2 − × a × b × sin C (A) C
360 2
30 1
= × π × (8)2 − × (6.92820323) × (8) × sin 30
360 2
= 2.898754359
2.9
Answer: cm2 [5]
35 cm
12 cm
6 cm
120 cm
25 cm
1
= (a + b) × h × length
2
1
= (25 + 35) × 12 × 120
2
= 43200
148
Mensuration
43200
Answer: (a) cm2 [3]
(b) The trough contains water to a depth of 6 cm.
(i) Show that volume of water is 19 800 cm3.
Answer (b)(i):
25 + 35
here b = = 30
2
Volume of the water = (area of cross section of water) × length
1
= (25 + 30) × 6 × 120
2
= 19800 cm3
19800
Answer: (b) (i) cm3 [2]
(ii) Calculate the percentage of the trough that contains water.
volume of water
= × 100
volume of trough
19800
= × 100
43200
= 45.83333333
45.8
Answer: (b) (ii) $ [1]
(c) The water is drained from the trough at rate of 12 litres per hours.
Calculate the time it takes to empty the trough.
Give your answer in hours and minutes.
Volume = Rate x time x something.
[Something depends on unit of rate]
Litre = litre/hour x hour [equation balanced]
(Never change unit of rate, instead change unit of valueme accordingly)
19800
19800 cm3 = litre
1000
= 19.8 litre
Volume = rate x time
19.8 = 12 x t
19.8
=t
12
t = 1.65 hours
149
Workbook of Variant 3
1 39
Answer: (c) h min [4]
(d) The water from the trough just fills a cylinder of radius r cm and height 3r cm.
Calculate the value of r.
Volume of cylinder = πr2h
19800 = π(r)2(3r)
19800 = 3πr3
19800
= r3
3π
19800
r = 3
3π
r = 12.800750953
12.8
Answer: (d) r = [3]
(e) The cylinder has a mass of 1.2 kg.
1 cm3 of water has mass of 1 g.
Calculate the total mass of the cylinder and the water.
Give your answer in kilograms.
1 cm3 of water has mass of 1 g
19800 cm3 of water will have mass of 19800 gram.
19800
19800 grams = = 19.8 kg.
1000
Total mass of cylinder and water = 1.2 + 19.8
= 21
21
Answer: (e) kg [2]
150
4
Workbook of
Solution 4
GEOMETRY
Geometry
Chapter 4: Geometry
13 (a) Write down the number of lines of symmetry for the diagram below.
0
Answer (a): [1]
(b) Write down the order of rotational symmetry for the diagram below.
2
Answer (b): [1]
(c) The diagram shows a cuboid which has no square faces.
Draw one of the planes of symmetry of the cuboid on the diagram.
[1]
153
Workbook of Variant 3
22
Using a straight edge and compasses only, construct two loci accurately and
shade this region on the diagram. [5]
154
Geometry
5 (a)
A
3 cm
4 cm
B
3.6 cm
C
Similar
Triangle ACB is to triangle APQ [1]
(ii) Calculate the length of PQ.
[Triangle ACB is similar to APQ, so sides of triangle will be in propotion]
PQ AQ
=
BC AB
PQ 3
=
3.6 4
3 × 3.6
PQ =
4
PQ = 2.7
2.7
Answer: (a)(ii) PQ = cm [2]
155
Workbook of Variant 3
( 34 ) x
2
=
5.6
32 × 5.6
=x
42
x = 3.15
31.5
Answer: (a) (iii) cm2 [2]
(b)
H
S
R
61°
M
T N
156
Geometry
61
Answer: (b) (iii) Angle RST = [1]
(iv) angle RUT,
Angle RUT = 180 − 61 = 119 (Opposite angle of cyclic quadrilateral add upto 180)
119
Answer: (b) (iv) Angle RUT = [1]
(c) ABCDEF is hexagon.
The interior angle B is 4° greater than interior angle A.
The interior angle C is 4° greater than interior angle B, and so on, with each of the next
interior
angles 4° greater than the previous one.
(i) By how many degrees is interior angle F greater than interior angle A?
Angle A = x
Angle B = x + 4
Angle C = x + 8
Angle D = x + 12
Angle E = x + 16
Angle F = x + 20
20
Answer: (c) (i) [1]
(ii) Calculate interior angle A.
sum of all interior angles of hexagon = (6 − 2) 180 [Sum of intenior angle of polygon is
= 720 (n - 2) 180]
x + x + 4 + x + 8 + x + 12 + x + 16 + x + 20 = 720
6x + 60 = 720
6x = 720 − 60
6x = 660
660
x =
6
x = 110
110
Answer: (c) (ii) [3]
157
Workbook of Variant 3
9
A
8 cm
Q
P 10 cm
C
B 12 cm
AB
= BC
AP PQ
AB 12
=
8 10
12 × 8
AB =
10
AB = 9.6
9.6
Answer: AB = [2]
( 401 ) 45
3
= [In similar triangles, (length ratio)3 = Volume ratio]
x
13 45
=
40 3
x
x = 45 × 403
x = 2880000 cm3
2880000
2880000 cm3 = m3
100 3
2.88
Answer: m3 [3]
158
Geometry
23
A D
50°
86°
30°
C
B
100
Answer: (b) (i) Angle ADC [1]
(ii) angle BDC,
Angle BDC = 86 ÷ 2 [The angle at the centre of a circle is twice the angle on circimference]
= 43
43
Answer: (b) (ii) Angle BDC = [1]
159
Workbook of Variant 3
(180 − 86)
Angle OBC = = 47 [Isosceles triangle]
2
Angle DBC = Angle OBD + Angle OBC
50 = Angle OBD + 47
Angle OBD = 50 − 47
= 3
3
Answer: (b) (iii) Angle OBD = [2]
SHOP
The diagram shows an area of land ABCD used for a shop, a car park and gardens.
(a) Using a straight edge and compasses only, construct
(i) the locus of points equidistant from C and from D,
[Draw perpendicular bisector of line CD][2]
(b) The shop is on the land nearer to D than to C and nearer to AD than to AB.
Write the word SHOP in this region on the diagram. [1]
160
Geometry
cm m
1 20
x 100
100
x = = 5 cm [Draw arc with centre B, radius 5 cm inside ABCD][1]
20
(ii) The car park is the part of the land not used for the shop and not used for the gardens.
Shade the car park region on the diagram. [1]
20
V
70°
W g° O
h°
X
e°
f°
A T B
180 − 110
Angle e = = 35 [Triangle VOT is Isosceles triangle]
2
35
Answer: (a) e = [1]
161
Workbook of Variant 3
(b) f,
Angle f = 90 − e = 90 − 35 = 55
55
Answer: (b) f = [1]
(c) g,
Angle UOT = 110
110
∴ angle UWT = = 55 [Angle at centre of a circle is twice the angle on circumference]
2
55
Answer: (c) g = [1]
(d) h,
h + g = 180 [Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral add upto 180]
h + 55 = 180
h = 180 − 55
h = 125
125
Answer: (d) h = [1]
17
20 cm
10 cm
9 cm d cm
d 10
= [In similar shapes, sides are in proportion]
9 20
10 × 9
d =
20
d = 4.5
4.5
Answer: (a) d = [1]
162
Geometry
( ) = 1600
10 x
3
[Capacity refers to volume. (length ratio)3 = volume ratio]
20
103 x
=
203 1600
103 × 1600
=d
203
200 = d
d = 200
200
Answer: (b) ml [2]
8
D
A B
(a) Draw accurately the locus of points, inside the quadrilateral ABCD, which are
6 cm from the point D.
[Draw arc with radius 6cm, centre D] [1]
(b) Using a straight edge and compasses only, construct
(i) the perpendicular bisector of AB, [2]
(ii) the locus of points, inside the quadrilateral, which are equidistant from AB and from BC.
[Draw angle bisector of angle ABC] [2]
(c) The point Q is equidistant from A and from B and equidistant from AB and from BC.
(i) Label the point Q on the diagram.
[Point of intersection of Perpendicitor bisector and angle bisector] [1]
163
Workbook of Variant 3
(d) On the diagram, shade the region inside the quadrilateral which is
• less than 6 cm from D.
and
• nearer to A than to B.
and
• nearer to AB than to BC.[1]
22
A
B
4.40 cm
3.84 cm
X
C
D 9.40 cm
CX CD
=
BX AB
CX 9.40
=
3.84 4.40
9.40 × 3.84
= CX
4.40
CX = 8.203636364
8.2
Answer: (b) (i) CX = cm [2]
164
Geometry
24.7
Answer: (b) (ii) cm2 [2]
3 (a)
D
40° 30°
A
B E
180 − 40
∴ Angle DBA = = 70
2
Ange DBA + angle DBC + angle CBE = 180
70 + angle DBC + 30 = 180
Angle DBC = 180 − 70 − 30
Angle DBC = 80
DB = CD
180 − 80
Angle BCD =
2
Angle BCD = 50
50
Answer: (a) (i) angle BCD = cm [3]
165
Workbook of Variant 3
5n
Each exterior angle is degrees.
2
Find the value of n.
360
[Each extarior angle of regular polygon = ]
n
360 5n
=
n 2
360 × 2 = 5n × n
360 × 2 = 5n2
360 × 2
= n2
5
360 × 2
n =
5
n = 12
12
Answer: (b) n = [3]
(c)
O
C
25°
A B
166
Geometry
80
angle AOC = = 40 [Angle at centre of a circle is twice the angle at circumfernce]
2
Let angle OBC = x
Consider triangle ABC,
Angle CAB + angle ABC + angle BCA = 180
25 + 50 + x + 40 = 180
x = 180 − 25 − 50 − 40
x = 65
65
Answer: (c) angle OBC = [3]
1
A
73°
B
120°
82° x°
C D E
167
Workbook of Variant 3
95
Answer: x = [2]
8 (a) B
u° A
Y
C 68°
88°
w°
O
v°
D E
v = 92
X
168
Q
v°
D E Geometry
DOA = 88 × 2 = 176
W = 360 − 176 = 184
24
Answer: (a) u =
92
v =
184
w = [4]
(b)
S R
PX 3
=
SX 1
[In similar triangle, length ratio2 = area ratio]
( ) =
3 2x
1 1.2
1.2 × 32 = x
x = 10.8
10.8
Answer: (b) cm2 [2]
169
Workbook of Variant 3
(c) F
G 4x° J
x°
2x°
O
H
K
GI is a diameter of the circle.
FGH is a tangent to the circle at G.
J and K also lie on the circle.
Angle JGI = xo, angle FGJ = 4xo and angle KGI = 2xo.
Find
(i) the value of x,
4x + x = 90
5x = 90
90
x =
5
x = 18
18
Answer: (c) (i) x = [2]
(ii) the size of angle JKG,
Angle JKG = 4x
x
= 4(18)
= 72
x
72
Answer: (c) (ii) angle JKG = [2]
(iii) the size of angle GJK.
72 + 2x + x + Angle GJK = 180
72 + 2(18) + 18 + Angle GJK = 180
Angle GJK = 180 − 72 − 2(18) − 18
= 54
54
Answer: (c) (iii) angle GJK = [1]
170
Geometry
R
X
X
T
Using a straight edge and compasses only, construct the locus of points which are
equidistant from R and from T. [2]
8
D
52°
28°
X
S 171
C
Workbook of Variant 3
B
24
Answer: (a) angle XCD = [3]
(b)
R 25x° 22x° O
360
x =
72
x = 5
5
Answer: (b) x = [3]
172
Geometry
(c)
8 cm
44°
O K M
O
tan θ =
A
LM
tan 44 =
8
8 × tan 44 = LM
LM = 7.725510198
Shaded area = area of triangle − area of sector
1 θ
= ×b×h− × π r2
2 360
1 44
= (7.725510198)8 − × (π)(8)2
2 360
= 6.327804924
6.33
Answer: (c) cm2 [5]
6 The volumes of two similar cones are 36 π cm3 and 288 π cm3.
The base radius of the smaller cone is 3 cm.
Calulate the base radius of the larger cone.
[In similar shapes, (length ratio)3 = volume ratio]
173
Workbook of Variant 3
( 3x ) = 288 π
3
36 π
288 π x 33
x= 3
36 π
x = 6
6
Answer: cm [3]
2 (a) In this question show all your construction arcs and use only a ruler and compasses to draw
the boundaries of your region.
This scale drawing shows the positions of four towns P, Q, R and S, on a map where 1 cm
represents 10 km.
North
Bearing of S from P.
P
Scale: 1cm to 10 km
174
Geometry
210
= × 2 π (45)
360
= 164.9336143
165
Answer: (b) (ii) m [2]
175
Workbook of Variant 3
8 (a)
27°
C
A
O
27
Answer: (a) (i) angle ACD = [1]
(ii) angle AOD,
Angle AOD = 2(ABD) [Angle at centre is twice the angle on circumference]
= 2(27) M
= 54 L
67°
100° 54
Answer: (a) (ii) angle AOD = [1]
45 cm
(iii) angle AED. 32 cm
Angle AED = 180 − 27 [Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilatral add upto 180]
K
= 153
153
Answer: (a)N (iii) angle AED = [1]
176
Geometry
(b)
L
67°
100°
45 cm
32 cm
59.6
Answer: (b) (i) KN = cm [4]
(ii) The area of triangle LMN is 324 cm2.
Calculate the length LM.
1
Area of triangle = × a × b × sin C
2
1
324 = × 32 × LM × sin 67
2
324 × 2
= LM
32 × sin 67
LM = 21.99879764
22
Answer: (b) (ii) LM = cm [3]
(iii) Another triangle XYZ is mathematically similar to triangle LMN.
177
Workbook of Variant 3
L Y
X
Z
N
XZ = 16 cm and the area of triangle LMN is 324 cm2.
Calculate the area of triangle XYZ.
In similar triangles, (length ratio)2 = Area ratio
( ) = areaXZ
area of trangle XYZ
2
LN of triangle LMN
( )
16 x 2
=
32 324
162 x
=
32 2 324
324 × 162
=x
322
x = 81
81
Answer: (b) (iii) cm2 [2]
13 M
D x C
42°
O
A B
178
Geometry
48
angle CAM =
2
= 24
24
Answer: (a) Angle CAM = [2]
(b) angle DCM.
Angle AMC = 90°
let angle DCM = x
In triangle CAM
24 + 90 + x + 42 = 180
x = 180 − 24 − 90 − 42
x = 24
24
Answer: (b) Angle DCM = [2]
179
Workbook of Variant 3
15
(a) Construct the locus of all the points which are 3 cm from vertex A and
outside the rectangle. [2]
[draw circle with centre A radius 3 cm outside the rectangle]
(b) Construct, using a straight edge and compasses only, one of the lines of
symmetry of the rectangle.
[Draw perendicular bisector for either length or breadth, Here both are drawn. ]
[2]
66 66
and [2]
180
Geometry
540
Answer: (b) [2]
(c) Calculate the sum of the angles a, b, c, d, e, f and g shown in this diagram.
g b
f c
e d
[Angle around a point adds upto 360. Sum of interior angles of heptagon is 900]
a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 7(360) − (900) = 1620
1620
Answer: (c) [2]
(d) The trapezium ABCD, has four angles as shown.
All the angles are in degrees.
B C
3y – 20 4x – 5
2x + 5 x + y – 10
A D
181
Workbook of Variant 3
2x + 4x + x + 3y + y = 360 – 5 + 20 + 5 + 10
7x + 4y = 390
7x + 4y = 390
Answer: (d) (i) [1]
(ii) Show that 2x + 3y = 195
Answer (d)(ii):
[Co-interior angels sum up to 180°]
2x + 5 + 3y − 20 = 180
2x + 3y = 180 − 5 + 20
2x + 3y = 195
2x + 3y = 195
Answer: (d) (ii) [1]
(iii) Solve these simultaneous equations.
(Multiply (d) (i)'s equation by 3 and (d) (ii) by –4)
21x + 12y = 1170
+
–8x + –12y = –780
13x = 390
390
x =
13
x = 30
Substitute the value of x in d (i)'s equation
7(30) + 4y = 390
210 + 4y = 390
4y = 390 − 210
210
y = 390 −
4
y = 45
30
Answer: (d) (iii) x =
45
y = [4]
182
Geometry
(iv) Use your answer to part (d)(iii) to find the size of all four angles of trapezium.
2x + 5 = 2(30) + 5 = 65
3y − 5 = 2(45) − 5 = 115
4x − 5 = 4(30) − 5 = 115
x + y − 10 = 30 + 45 −10 = 65
65 115 115 65
Answer: (d) (iv) , , , [1]
46°
8.69 cm 9.65 cm
9.65 cm
x°
74° 60° y cm
7.22 cm 46°
74
Answer: (a) x = [1]
(b) y.
In first diagram,adjacent side of angle 46o are 8.69 cm and 9.65 cm
In second diagram, adjacent side of angle 46o are y and 9.65 cm
8.69
Answer: (b) y = [1]
183
Workbook of Variant 3
7 (a)
E D
t° x°
x° C
q° p° 32°
Y A B X
ABCDEF is a hexagon.
AB is parallel to ED and BC is parallel to FE.
YFE and YABX are straight lines.
Angle CBX = 32o and angle EFA = 90o. (dotted lines are extensions)
Calculate the valune of
(i) p,
p + 32 = 180 (Supplementary angles)
p = 180 − 32
p = 148
148
Answer: (a)(i) p = [1]
(ii) q,
Angle AYF = 32
Angle AFY = 90
∴ 32 + 90 + angle AFY = 180 (angles in a triangle)
Angle YAF = 180 − 32 − 90 = 58
Angle YAF + q = 180
58 + q = 180
q = 180 − 58
q = 122
122
Answer: (a)(ii) q = [2]
184
Geometry
(iii) t,
Angle AYF + t = 180
32 + t = 180
t = 180 − 32
t = 148
148
Answer: (a)(iii) t = [1]
(iv) x.
ABCDEF is hexagon, sum of all integer angles of hexagon
= (6 − 2) × 180 = 720
q + 90 + t + x + x + p = 720
122 + 90 + 148 + 2x + 148 = 720
2x = 720 − 122 − 90 − 148 − 148
2x = 212
212
x =
2
x = 106
106
Answer: (a)(iv) x = [3]
(b)
R
x° Q
S
y°
63°
T P U
185
Workbook of Variant 3
(i) x,
Angle SPR = 90 − 63 = 27
angle RSP = 90
Considering triangle RSP,
27 + 90 + x = 180
x = 180 − 90 − 27
x = 63
63
Answer: (b) (i) x = [2]
(ii) y.
Angle SRP = Angle SQP
Angle SQP = x
Considering triangle SQP
x + x + y = 180
63 + 63 + y = 180
y = 180 − 63 − 63
y = 54
54
Answer: (b)(ii) y = [2]
(n − 2) × 180
Interior angle of a regular polygon =
n
(18 − 2) × 180
Interior angle of a regular polygon with 18 sides =
18
= 160
160
Answer: [3]
186
Geometry
12
D C
A B
(a) Draw the locus of the points which are 3 cm from E. [1]
(b) Using a straight edge and compasses only, construct the bisector of angle DCB. [2]
(c) Shade the region which is
• less than 3 cm from E [Draw radius of 3 cm with centre E]
and
• nearer to CB than to CD. [Draw angle bisector of angle BCD] [1]
3
A
B
52°
D
O
56°
C E
187
Workbook of Variant 3
(a) Find the size of the following angles and give a reason for each answer.
52 Angle subtended by same
(i) Angle DAC = , because,
arc.
[2]
104 angle at centre is
(ii) Angle DOC = , because,
twice angle at circumference.
[2]
34 Angle between tangent
(iii) Angle BCO = , because,
and radius is 90°
[2]
a2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A
7 cm
BE = 7 + 8.9 − 2(7) (8.9) cos 56
2 2 2
56°
BE = 72 + 8.92 − 2(7) (8.9) cos 56 C E
8.9 cm
BE = 7.650788471
7.65
Answer: (b) (i) BE = [4]
(ii) Calculate angle BEC.
sin B
sin A =
a b
sin E sin 56
=
7 7.65078847
7 x sin 56
sin E =
7.65078847
E = sin–1 ( 7.65078847
7 x sin 56
)
E = 49.33374739
49.3
Answer: (b) (ii) angle BEC = [3]
188
Geometry
6 (a)
X E D
(Assume) 120° 140°
F
C
y(Assume)
A B
100
Answer: (a) Angle EFA = [4]
189
Workbook of Variant 3
(b)
D
C
30°
100°
B
A
In the cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, angle ABC = 100° and angle BDC = 30°.
The diagonals intersect at X.
(i) Calculate angle ACB.
Angle BAC = Angle BDC = 30 [Angle subtended by same arc]
In triangle ABC,
Angle BAC + Angle ABC + Angle ACB = 180
30 + 100 + Angle ACB = 180
Angle ACB = 180 − 100 − 30
= 50
50
Answer: (b) (i) Angle ACB = [2]
(ii) Angle BXC = 89°.
Calculate angle CAD.
Here Angle CAD is same as XAD
Angle ADX = Angle ACB = 50 [Angle subtended by same arc]
In triangle ADX,
Angle ADX + Angle AXD + Angle XAD = 180
50 + 89 + Angle XAD = 180
Angle XAD = 180 − 50 − 89
= 41
41
Answer: (b) (ii) CAD = [2]
(iii) Complete the statement.
similar
Triangles AXD and BXC are [1]
190
Geometry
(c)
S R
Q
P
( QR
PS
)= area of triangle PYS
2
area of trangle QRY
(
20 )
11 2 x
=
23
112 × 23
=x
102
x = 27.83
27.8
Answer: (c) cm2 [2]
(d) A regular polygon has n sides.
n
Each exterior angle is equal to degrees.
10
(i) Find the value of n.
360
Each exterior angle of rectangle polygon =
n
n 360
=
10 n
n × n = 360 × 10
n2 = 3600
n = 3600
n = 60
60
Answer: (d) (i) n = [3]
191
Workbook of Variant 3
(n − 2) × 180
Each interior angle of rectangle polygon =
n
(60 − 2) × 180
=
60
= 174
174
Answer: (d) (ii) [2]
4140
Answer: [2]
( 4.5x ) = 128
3
54
x3 128
=
4.5 3
54
128 × 4.53
x3 =
54
128 × 4.53
x= 3
54
x=6
6
Answer: cm [3]
192
Geometry
8 (a)
A B
AB BD
= [In similar triangles, sides are in proportion]
AC BC
12 BD
=
16 11
12 × 11
= BD E
16
102° D
BD = 8.25
u°
8.25
Answer: (a) (iii) BD = cm [2]
v°
A 38°
x° C 193
w°
Workbook of Variant 3
(b)
E
102° D
u°
v°
A 38°
x° C
w°
194
Geometry
(c)
P
m° O
2m°
Q R
180
=m
5
m = 36
36
Answer: (c) m = [5]
195
5
Workbook of
Solution 4
ALGEBRA 2
Algebra 2
Chapter 5: Algebra 2
6 3x × 94 = 3n.
Find n in terms of x.
3x × 94 = 3n
3x × (32)4 = 3n [32 = 9]
3x × 38 = 3n [(an)n = amn]
3x + 8 = 3n [am × an = am+n]
∴ n=x+8
x+8
Answer: n = [2]
x + x–1
3 2
x + x–1
3 2
= 2x + 3x – 3
6
= 5x – 3 5x – 3
6 6
Answer: [2]
199
Workbook of Variant 3
∴ 5A – 2r = y
r
∴ y = 5A – 2r 5A – 2r
r
r
Answer: y = [3]
20
Line 1
y
4
Line 2
2
x
0 1 2 3 4
Line 3
Find the three inequalties which define the shaded region on the grid.
First find equation of line surrounded by region .
It will be easy if we will name the line. Region is triangle so we will have 3 lines. Naming of line
is done in diagram.
Line 1 : x = 0 ,
For line 2 : (Pick any 2 point which are on line 2)
(2, 1) (4, 2)
Line 2 , y = 1 x [y = mx + c]
2
For line 3 : (pick any 2 point which are on line 3)
(4, 0) (0, 4)
200
Algebra 2
∴y≥ 1 x
2
For line 3: We need the region below the line
∴x+y≤4
x≥o
Answer:
y≥ 1 x
2
x+y≤4
[5]
g h
16 =
2 i
Find i in terms of g and h.
g h
=
2 i
( ) = hi
g 2
2
g2 = h
4 i
i = 4h
g2 4h
g2
Answer: i = [3]
1 2
24 (a) Write – as a single fraction in its lowest terms.
y x
x – 2y [L.C.M is xy]
xy
x – 2y
xy
Answer: (a) [2]
201
Workbook of Variant 3
3x + 3
= x
3 x
3
Answer: (b) [3]
22
y Line 2
9 Line 3
1 Line 1
x
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–1
Find the three inequalities which define the shaded triangle in the diagram.
First find equation of line surounded by region.
Region is triangle so have 3 lines,
line 1 : y = 1 , line 2 : x = 3
For line 3, (take any two points which lie on the line)
(1,6) and (2,7)
202
Algebra 2
y≥1
Answer:
x≤3
y≤x+5
[5]
108 = K
33
K=4
500
Answer: [3]
13 y
y= 4-x y = x+4
4
R
y=1
x
0
203
Workbook of Variant 3
27x9
Answer: (a) [2]
2
(b) (125x6) 3
2
= (53 x6) 3
2 2
= 53 x 3 x6 x 3
= 52 x2 x 2
= 25x4
25x4
Answer: (b) [2]
2 3
16 Write + as a single fraction.
x–2 x+2
Give your answer in its simplest from.
2 3
+
x–2 x+2
= 2(x + 2) + 3 (x – 2)
(x – 2) (x + 2)
= 2x + 4 + 3x – 6
(x – 2) (x + 2)
= 2x + 3x + 4 – 6
(x – 2) (x + 2)
= 5x – 2
(x – 2) (x + 2)
5x – 2
(x – 2) (x + 2)
Answer: [3]
204
Algebra 2
–4
27
4 Find the value of ( 8
) 3
[( ab ) = ( ba ) ]
4
8 -n n
= ( 27
)
3
4
23
= ( ) 33
3
= 2 ( )
4
3x
3
3
= 2
4
34
= 16
81
16
81
Answer: [2]
15 ap = px + c
Write p in terms of a, c and x.
ap = px + c
ap – px = c
p (a – x) = c
p= c
a–x c
a–x
Answer: p = [3]
1–x 2+x
–
x 1 – 2x
= (1 – x) (1 – 2x) – x(2 + x)
x (1 – 2x)
= 1 – 2x – x + 2x – 2x – x
2 2
x(1 – 2x)
205
Workbook of Variant 3
= 1 – 2x – 2x – x – 2x – x
2 2
x(1 – 2x)
= 1 – 5x + x
2
1 – 5x + x2
x(1 – 2x)
x(1 – 2x)
Answer: [4]
16 The time, t, for a pendulum to swing varies directly as the square root of its length, l.
When l = 9, t = 6.
(a) Find a formula for t in terms of l.
t α l
t = k l
6 = k 9
6 = k (3)
k = 2
∴ t = 2 l
2 l
Answer: (a) t = [2]
(b) Find t when l = 2.25.
t = 2 2.25
t = 3
3
Answer: (b) t = [1]
206
Algebra 2
x + y ≤ 15
Answer: (b)
y≥3
y≤x
[3]
(c) On the grid, show the information in part (a) and part (b) by drawing for straight lines and
shading the unwanted regions.
y 2x+y=20
20 y=x
18
16
14
12
10
4
y=3
2
x+y=15
x
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
[6]
(d) A large box costs $ 5 and a small box costs $ 2.
(i) Find the least possible total cost of the boxes.
[Pick co-ordinates from corner of quadrilateral. Since x and y are number of boxes, we
will have to pick nearest integer co-ordinate inside wanted region]
(12, 3) → 5(12) + 2(3) = 66
207
Workbook of Variant 3
47
Answer: (d) (i) $ [1]
(ii) Find the number of large boxes and the number of small boxes which give this least
possible cost.
(7, 6) least cost
7
Answer: (b) (ii) Number of large boxes =
6
Number of small boxes = [2]
71
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) Factorise completely.
3uv + 9vw
3u (v + 3w) [common factor]
3u (v + 3w)
Answer: (b) [2]
y ≤ –5
4
y ≤ –1.25
y ≤ –1.25
Answer: [2]
208
Algebra 2
10 The periodic time, T, of a pendulum varies directly as the square root of its length, l.
T = 6 when l = 9.
Find T when l = 25.
Tα l
T=k l
6= k 9
6 = k (3)
k=2
∴T=2 l
T = 2 25
T = 10
10
Answer: T = [3]
64p3q6
Answer: (a) [2]
–1
(b) (16x8) 4
1
1 [its better to get rid of negative powers, a–1 = 1 ]
(16 x ) 8
4 a
1
=
1
(24 x8) 4
1
=
1 1
2 4x
4 x8 x 4
1
=
2x2 1
2x2
Answer: (b) w = [3]
209
Workbook of Variant 3
w = a(2 – t)
3 a(2 – t)
3
Answer: w = [3]
20 Simplify fully.
x2 – x – 20
x3 – 10x2 + 25x
[Factorise numerator and denominator]
= (x – 5) (x + 4)
x[x(x – 5) – 5(x – 5)]
= (x – 5) (x + 4)
x(x – 5) (x – 5)
= x+4
x(x – 5) x+4
x(x – 5)
Answer: [5]
πx2 − A
y2 =
π
πx2 − A
y=
π
πx2 − A
π
Answer: y = [3]
210
Algebra 2
h2 – h – 20
h2 – 25
[Factorise numerator and denominator]
= h − 5h + 4h − 20
2
h2 − 52
= h(h − 5) + 4(h − 5)
(h + 5) (h − 5)
= (h − 5) (h + 4)
(h + 5) (h − 5)
= (h + 4)
(h + 5) (h + 4)
(h + 5)
Answer: y = [4]
1
y=k
x
k
6=
9
k
6=
3
k = 18
18
y=
x
y = 18
36
y = 18
6
y = 18
6
y=3
3
Answer: [3]
211
Workbook of Variant 3
x+2 2x – 1
− +1
3 4
4(x + 2) − 3(2x − 1) + 12
12
4x + 8 − 6x + 3 + 12
12
8 + 3 + 12 + 4x − 6x
12
23 − 2x
12 23 − 2x
12
Answer: [3]
–3
( )
–3
49 2
=
16
( )
3
16 2
=
49
3
= ( )
42
72
2
3
42 x 2
=
3
72 x 2
43
=
73
64
=
343
64
343
Answer: [2]
1
11 Simplify (256w256) 4
1
(44 w256) 4 (256 = 44)
1 1
44 x 4 × w256 x 4
4 × w64
4w64
Answer: [2]
212
Algebra 2
x+3 x−1
−
x−3 x+1
(x + 3) (x + 1) − [(x − 1) (x − 3)]
=
(x − 3) (x + 1)
18
n<
2
n<9
n<9
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) Factorise completely. ab + bc + ad + cd
b(a + c) + d(a + c) [Factorising by grouping]
(a + c) (b + d)
(a + c) (b + d)
Answer: (b) [2]
213
Workbook of Variant 3
4
20 (a) y = 8+
x
Find y when x = 2
Give your answer correct to 4 decimal places.
4
y = 8+
2
y = 8 + 2
y = 10
y = 3.16227766
3.16
Answer: (a) y = [2]
4
(b) Rearrange y = 8+ to make x the subject.
x
4
y2 = 8 +
x
4
y2 – 8 =
x
4
x =
y –8
2
4
y2 – 8
Answer: (b) x = [4]
8 The mass, m, of a sphere varies directly with the cube of its radius, r.
m = 160 when r = 2.
Find m when r = 5.
m α r3
m = kr3
160 = k(2)3
160 = k(8)
160
=k
8
k = 20
m = 20r3
m = 20(5)3
m = 2500
2500
Answer: m = [3]
214
Algebra 2
x≥5
Answer: (a) (i) [1]
(ii) He wants to buy at least 11 sheep.
Write down an inequality in y to represent this condition.
y ≥ 11
Answer: (a) (ii) [1]
(iii) He wants to buy at least 20 animals.
Write down an inequality in x and y to represent this condition.
x + y ≥ 20
AAnswer: (a) (iii) [1]
(b) Goat costs $ 4 and sheep costs $ 8.
The maximum Luk can spend is $ 160.
Write down an inequality in x and y and show that it simplifies to x + 2y ≤ 40
Answer (b):
4x + 8y ≤ 160
4(x + 2y) ≤ 160
160
x + 2y ≤
4
x + 2y ≤ 40
215
Workbook of Variant 3
(c) (i) On the grid below, draw four lines to show the four inequalities and shade the unwanted
regions.
y
x=5
40
35
30
25
20
15
y=11
10
0 x
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
x+y=20 x+2y=40
[7]
(ii) Work out the maximum number of animals that Luk can buy.
[pick co-ordinates from corner of quadrilateral Since x and y are animal we will have to
pick nearest integer co - ordinates inside wanted region ]
(5, 15) → 5 + 15 = 20
(5, 17) → 5 + 17 = 22
(18, 11) → 18 + 11 = 29 → Maximum
(9, 11) → 9 + 11 = 20
29
Answer: (c) (ii) [2]
216
Algebra 2
200
=k
8
k = 25
m = 25x3
m = 25(0.4)3
m = 1.6
1.6
Answer: m = [3]
1
= (64q–2) 2
1
= (82q–2) 2
1 1
= 82 × 2 q–2 × 2
= 8 q–1
8
=
q
8
q
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) 57 ÷ 59 = p2
Find p.
57 ÷ 59 = p2
57 – 9 = p2
5–2 = p2
(5–1)2 = p2
217
Workbook of Variant 3
p = 5–1
1
p =
5
p = 0.2
0.2
Answer: (b) p = [2]
6 Simplify.
3x2y3 × x4y
3x2+4 y3+1
3x6 y4
3x6y4
Answer: [2]
6
t < −
7
6
t<−
7
Answer: [2]
1
k=
2
218
Algebra 2
1
y= 3
x+3
2
1
y= 3
340 + 3
2
1
y= 3
343
2
1
y= ×7
2
y = 3.5
3.5
Answer: y = [3]
y = 2 + x−8
y=2+ x−8
y−2= x−8
8 + (y − 2)2 = x
x = 8 + (y − 2)2
8 + (y − 2)2
Answer: x = [3]
1
yα
x+5
k
y=
x+5
k
6=
3+5
6= k
8
6×8=k
k = 48
48
y=
x+5
219
Workbook of Variant 3
48
y=
7+5
y = 48
12
y=4
4
Answer: y = [3]
3 2x
+ + 3 + 2x
2x 3
3(3) + 2x(2x) + 6x(3) + 6x(2x)
= [LCM is 6x]
6x
= 9 + 4x + 18x + 12x
2 2
6x
4x2 + 12x2 + 18x + 9
=
6x
16x2 + 18x + 9
=
6x
16x2 + 18x + 9
6x
Answer: [3]
6 (a) Simlpify
3
(i) x3 ÷
x5
3
x3 ÷ 5 [am × an = am+n]
x
x5
= x3 ×
3
x3 + 5
=
3
x8
=
3
x8
3
Answer: (a) (i) [1]
220
Algebra 2
15x7y3
Answer: (a) (ii) [2]
2
(iii) (64x12) 3
2
(64x12) 3
2
= (43 x12) 3
2 2
= (43 x 3 x12 3 )
= 42 x8
= 16x8
16x8
Answer: (a) (iii) [2]
(b) Solve 3x2 − 7x − 12 = 0.
Show your working and give answers correct to 2 decimal places.
a = 3, b = -7, c = -12
− b ± b 2 − 4ac
x =
2a
−(−7) ± (− 7)2 − 4(3)(−12)
x =
2(3)
7 ± 193
x =
6
7 + 193
x = x = 7 − 193
6 6
x = 3.482073998 or x = -1.148740665
3.48 -1.15
Answer: (b) x = or x = [4]
221
Workbook of Variant 3
(c) Simpify.
x2 − 25
x3 − 5x2
x2 − 25
[a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)]
x3 − 5x2
x2 − 52
x2 (x − 5)
(x + 5) (x − 5)
x2(x − 5)
x+5
x2
x+5
x2
Answer: (c) [3]
13 Simplify
(a) 12x12 ÷ 3x3
12x12
3x3
= 4x12 − 3
= 4x9
4x9
Answer: (a) [2]
1
(b) (256y256) 8
1
(256y256) 8
1
= (28 y256) 8
1 1
= 28 × 8 y256 × 8
= 2y32
2y32
Answer: (b) [2]
222
Algebra 2
(5)8
1
= (5 2 )8
1
= 5 2 × 8
= 54
= 625
625
Answer: (a) [1]
–2
( 271 )
(b)
3
= (
1 )
27 3
2
= 33 × 3
= 32
= 9
9
Answer: (b) [1]
x
(a) x +
2
x
x +
2
2x + x
=
2
3x
=
2
3x
2
Answer: (a) [1]
223
Workbook of Variant 3
2
(b) x +
x
x2 + 2
=
x
x2 + 2
x
Answer: (b) [1]
1 2
16 Make a the subject of the formula s = ut + at
2
1 2
s − ut = at
2
2(s − ut) = at2
2(s − ut)
=a
t2
a = 2(s − ut)
t2
2(s − ut)
t2
Answer: a = [3]
17 Simplify.
1
( x64
16y16 ) 1
4
( x64
16y16 ) 4
( )
1
x64 x 4
1 1
24 x 4 y16 x 4
( ) x16
2y4
x16
2y4
Answer: [3]
1
yα
(x + 2)2
k
y=
(x + 2)2
k
2=
(1 + 2)2
k
2=
32
224
Algebra 2
k
2=
9
k = 18
18
y=
(x + 2)2
18
(x + 2)2
Answer: [2]
22 Simplify.
4 + 10w
8 – 50w2
[factorise numerator and demominator]
2(2 + 5w)
2(4 − 25w2)
2 + 5w
=
2 − (5w)2
2
2 + 5w
=
(2 + 5w) (2 − 5w)
1
=
(2 − 5w)
1
(2 − 5w)
Answer: [4]
225
6
Workbook of
Solution 4
TRIGONOMETRY
228
Trigonometry
Chapter 6: Trigonometry
11 P
cliff
beach
A F
55 m
O P
tan 17 =
A
PF (0)
tan 17 =
55
17°
55 × tan 17 = PF 55m F
(A)
PF = 16.81518748.
16.8
Answer: PF = m [3]
21
North
Q North
140°
50 m
North R
100 m
P
229
Workbook of Variant 3
sin A sin B
=
a b
sin 140
sin R = 50 ×
100
18.7o
Answer: (a) Angle PRO = [3]
(b) The bearing of R from Q is 100o.
Find the bearing of P from R.
=
Q 100 360 − (80 + 18.7472)
=
18.7
80
R 261.2528
P
261o
Answer: (b) [2]
2
C
B 8 cm
5 cm
3 cm
D
A 11 cm
230
Trigonometry
5.83
Answer: (b) Angle BC = cm [2]
(b) angle ACD,
b2 + c2 − a2
cos A =
2bc
52 + 82 − 112
cos C =
2(5)(8)
52 + 82 − 112
C = cos-1
2(5)(8)
C = 113.5781785
113.6
Answer: (b) Angle ACD = [4]
(c) the area of the quadrilateral ABCD.
Area of quadrilateral ABCD = Area of triangle ABC + area of triangle ACD
1 1
= ×b×h+ × a × b × sin c
2 2
1 1
= ×3×5+ × 5 × 8 × sin 113.5781
2 2
= 25.83031374
25.8
Answer: (c) cm2 [3]
231
Workbook of Variant 3
2
R 4 km
Q
7 km
4.5 km
85°
S 40°
P
b2 + c2 − a2
cos A =
2bc
42 + 4.52 − 72
cos Q =
2(4)(4.5)
42 + 4.52 − 72
Q = cos-1
2(4)(4.5)
Q = 110.74238
≈ 110.7
110.7
Answer: (a) [4]
(b) Calculate the length of the road RS and show that it rounds to 4.52 km.
Answer (b)
sin A sin B
=
a b
sin 40 sin 85
=
RS 7
7 × sin 40
RS =
sin 85
R = 4.516700678
≈ 4.52 km.
4.52
Answer: (b) [3]
232
Trigonometry
1 1
= × a × b + sin C + × a × b × sin C
2 2
1 1
= × 4.52 × 7 × sin55 + × 4 × 4.5 × sin110.7
2 2
= 21.37798162
21.4
Answer: (c) km2 [5]
21
North
North C
km
4.5 km
2.7
A
5 km
B
b2 + c2 − a2
cos A =
2bc
2.72 + 4.52 − 52
cos C =
2(2.7)(4.5)
233
Workbook of Variant 3
2.72 + 4.52 − 52
C = cos-1
2(2.7)(4.5)
C = 84.00009876
≈ 84o
84o
Answer: (a) Angle ABC = [4]
(b) The bearing of A from C is 220o.
Calculate the bearing of B from C.
220 − 84 = 136o
C 0
220
0
84
B
136
Answer: (b) [1]
6 Q P
3cm
D C
4 cm
A 12cm B
C
AC 2
= AB2 + BC2 P pythagoras theorem]
[By
D
AC2 = 122 + 42 3
4 cm
AC = 122 + 42
A 12 cm B A C
234
Trigonometry
13
Answer: (a) (i) AP = cm [3]
(ii) Calculate the angle of elevation of P from A.
P
(4) O
(0)
c m
sin A=
13 3 cm 4
3
sin A =
A C 13
3
A = sin-1
13
A = 13.3423638
13.3
Answer: (a) (ii) [2]
(b) (i) Calculate angle PBC.
tan B =
P O
(0) A
3 cm 3
tan B =
4
B
4 cm C 3
B
(A) = tan-1
4
PF = 36.86989765
36.9
Answer: (b) (i) Angle PBC = [2]
(ii) X is on BP so that angle BXC = 120o.
Calculate the length of XC.
P
Considering triangle B × C
X 3 cm
120
0 sin A sin B
=
a b
36.869
B 4 cm C
235
Workbook of Variant 3
sin 36.869
XC = 4 ×
sin 120
XC = 2.771223402
2.77
Answer: (a) (ii) XC = cm [3]
6
C
9 cm
B
28°
A 15 cm
1
Area of triangle ABC = × a × b × sin C
2
1
= × 15 × 9 × sin 28
2
= 31.68933049
31.7
Answer: cm2 [2]
236
Trigonometry
21
P
5 cm
D C
M 8 cm
8 cm B
DB
MB =
2
8 2
MB =
P 2
MB = 4 2
5 cm
PB2 = PM2 + MB2 [By pythagores theorem]
PB2 = (4 2 )2 + 52
M B
42
PB = (4 2 )2 + 52
PB = 7.549834435
7.55
Answer: (a) PB = cm [3]
237
Workbook of Variant 3
( )
M B 5
A = sin-1
7.549
A = 41.4785324
41.5
Answer: (b) [3]
2
North
D
95°
10 km
40°
A 12 km
30° C
17 km
sin A sin B
=
a b
sin A sin 95
=
10 12
238
Trigonometry
10 × sin 95
sin A =
12
A = sin-1 ( 10 × sin 95
12
)
A = 56.11540844
56.1
Answer: (a) Angle CAD = [3]
(b) Calculate the distance BC.
Considering triangle ABC.
a2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A
CB2 = 122 +172 − 2(12)(17) cos 30
8.93
Answer: (b) BC = km [4]
(c) The bearing of D from A is 040o.
Find the bearing of D
(i) B from A
40 + 56.115 + 30 40°
126.115 56.115°
A
30° C
126o
Answer: (c) (i) [1]
B
(ii) A from B.
180 − 126.115 = 53.885
360 − 53.885 = 306.115
126.115°
angle to be found
Answer: (c) (ii) 306° [1]
239
Workbook of Variant 3
sin A sin B
=
a b
sin C sin 30
=
17 8.925
17 × sin 30
sin C =
8.925
( )
17 × sin 30
C = sin-1
8.925
C = 72.24720984
Since Angle ACB is obtuse (given)
Angle ACB = 180 − 72.247
= 107.753
Angle DCA = 180 − (95 + 56.115) [Angle in a triangle]
= 28.885
Angle BCD = angle ACB + angle DCA
= 107.753 + 28.885
= 136.638
137
Answer: (d) Angle BCD = [4]
240
Trigonometry
18
C
23°
A
13 cm
6 cm
sin A sin B
=
a b
sin A sin 23
=
13 6
13 × sin 23
sin A =
6
( )
13 × sin 23
A = sin-1
6
A = 57.84205967
Angle BAC is obtuse (given)
obtuse angle of BAC = 180 − 57.842
= 112.158
122.2
Answer: Angle BAC = [4]
241
Workbook of Variant 3
24 Q P
6 cm
C
B
5 cm
D 10 cm A
5cm 6cm
DB = 102 +52
D 10 cm A D 5 5cm B
DB = 5 5 cm
DP = (5 5 )25cm 6cm
+ 62
D DP10=cm A
12.68857754 D 5 5cm B
12.7
Answer: (a) DP = cm [3]
242
Trigonometry
O
sin D =
A
6
P
sin D = (4)
12.6889 cm
688
12. 6cm
(0)
D = sin-1 ( 6
12.6889 ) D B
D = 28.22191168
28.2
Answer: (b) [3]
16 cm
B 25 cm C
1
Area of triangle = × a × b × sin C
2
1
130 = × 16 × 25 × sin C
2
2 × 130
= sin C
16 × 25
2 × 130
sin C =
16 × 25
243
Workbook of Variant 3
2 × 130
C = sin-1
16 × 25
= 40.54160187
= 40.5
40.5
Answer: (a) [3]
(b) Calculate the length of AC
a2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A
AC2 = 162 + 252 − 2(16)(25) cos 40.542
16.5
Answer: (b) cm [4]
(c) Calculate the shortest distance from A to BC.
[shortest distance is always perpendicular distance]
Considering triangle ABX
O A
sin B =
A (4)
16 cm
AX (0)
sin B =
AB 40.5
B x C
AX
sin 40.5 =
16
AX = 16 × sin 40.5
AX = 10.39116877
10.4
Answer: (c) cm [2]
244
Trigonometry
10
(4)
628 m
h
(o)
15°
O
sin 15 =
A
h
sin 15 =
628
h = 628 × sin 15
h = 162.5383603
160
Answer: h = m [3]
26°
B
55 m
65°
32° 122°
A 62 m D
(a) Use the sine rule to calculate the distance AC and show that it rounds to 119.9 m, correct to
1 decimal place.
245
Workbook of Variant 3
sin A sin B
=
a b
62 × sin 122
AC =
sin 26
AC = 119.9417032
≈ 119.9
119.9
Answer: (a) [3]
(b) Calculate the length of BC.
a2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A
BC2 = 552 + 119.92 − 2(55)(119.9) cos 65
109
Answer: (b) BC = m [4]
(c) Calculate the area of triangle ACD.
1
Area of triangle ACD = × a × b × sin C
2
1
= × 62 × 119.942 × sin 32
2
= 1970.346868
1970
Answer: (c) m2 [2]
(d) The field is for sale at $ 4.50 per square metre.
Calculate the cost of the field.
Area Cost / m2
1
Area of triangle ABC = × a × b × sin 65 1 4.50
2
1
4959.717004 x
= × 55 × 119.942 × sin 65
2 [Cross Multiply]
= 2989.370136 x = 4959.717004 × 4.50
= 22318.72652
246
Trigonometry
22300
Answer: (d) $ [3]
14
P
66°
77°
37° R
Q 12.5 cm
Calculate PR.
sin A sin B
=
a b
sin 37 sin 66
=
PR 12.5
12.5 × sin 37
PR =
sin 66
A = 8.234606966
8.23
Answer: PR = cm [3]
16
H G
F
E
12 cm
D C
3 cm
A 4 cm B
247
Workbook of Variant 3
ABCDEFGH is a cuboid.
AB = 4 cm, BC = 3 cm and AG = 12 cm.
Calculate the angle that AG makes with the base ABCD.
AC2 = AB2 + CB2
AC2 = 42 + 32
G
AC = 4 +3 2 2 D C
12 cm
AC = 5 cm 3 cm
A B A 5 cm C
4 cm (A)
A
cos A =
H
G
D A= 5 C
cos
12 12 cm
3 cm
5
A = cos-1 A C
A 4 cm12 B 5 cm
(A)
A = 65.37568165
65.4
Answer: [4]
248
Trigonometry
12 cm
X 17 cm
1
Area of triangle PQR = × a × b × sin C
2
1
97 = × 12 × 17 × sin P
2
97 x 2
= sin P
12 x 17
P = sin-1 ( 1297xx172 )
P = 71.98589094
72
Answer: (a) (i) Angle QPR = [3]
(ii) The midpoint of PQ is X.
Use the cosine rule to calculate the length of XR.
P
Using cosine rule, 72
6 cm
a2 = b2 + c2 − 2ab cos A
X
17 cm
XR2 = 62 + 172 − 2(6)(17) cos 72 6 cm
XR = 16.18519488 R
16.2
Answer: (a) (ii) XR = cm [4]
249
Workbook of Variant 3
(b)
9.4 cm 42° a cm
37°
O
sin θ =
H (4) a
x 9.4 cm (0) x 42° (4)
sin 37 = (A)
9.4
37°
x
x = 9.4 × sin 37
x = 5.657061218
A
cos θ =
H
(4) a
x
cos 42 = 9.4 cm (0) x 42° (4)
a (A)
37°
x
5.657061218
cos 42 =
a
5.657061218
a =
cos 42
a = 7.612326728
7.61
Answer: (b) a = [4]
(c) sin x = cos 40o, 0o ≤ x ≤ 180o
Find the two values of x.
sin x = cos 40
x = sin-1(cos 40)
x = 50
sin θ = sin (180 − θ)
180 − 50 = 130o
50o 130o
Answer: (c) x = or x = [2]
250
Trigonometry
5 cm
x°
2 cm
A
cos x =
H
2
cos x =
5
x = cos-1 ( ) 2
5
x = 66.42182152
66.4
Answer: x = [2]
11
C
100°
30°
A
24 cm
B
sin A sin B
=
a b
251
Workbook of Variant 3
24 × sin 30
BC =
sin 100
BC = 12.18511934
12.2
Answer: BC = [3]
20
R
9 cm
P 10 cm Q
1
Area of triangle = × a × b × sin C
2
1
Area of triangle PQR = × 9 × 10 × sin P
2
1
38.5 = × 9 × 10 × sin P
2
2 × 38.5
= sin P
9 × 10
2 × 38.5
sin P =
9 × 10
2 × 38.5
P = sin-1
9 × 10
P = 58.82116446
a2 = b2 + c2 − 2ab cos A
QR2 = 92 + 102 − 2(9)(10) cos 58.82116446
9.37
Answer: QR = cm [6]
252
Trigonometry
5 cm
2 cm
x°
O
sin x =
H
2
sin x =
5
x = cos-1 ( ) 2
5
x = 23.57817848
23.6
Answer: x = [2]
5 K
680 km
65°
40°
D
North
2380 km
M
1560 km
C
The diagram shows some distances between Mumbai (M), Kathmandu (K), Dhaka (D) and
Colombo (C).
(a) Angle CKD = 65o
253
Workbook of Variant 3
2180
Answer: (a) CD = km [4]
(b) Angle MKC = 40o.
Use the sine rule to calculate the acute angle KMC.
Considering triangle KMC,
Using sine rule
sin A sin B
=
a b
sin 30 sin 40
=
2380 1560
2380 × sin 40
sin M =
1560
2380 × sin 40
sin M = sin-1
1560
A = 78.71418742
78.7
Answer: (b) Angle KMC = [3]
(c) The bearing of K from M is 050o.
Find the bearing of M from C.
=
North
180 − (50 + 78.7) [Co-interior angle]
K
=
North
51.3
50 = 360 − 51.3 [Angle around a point add upto 360°]
M 78.7
= 308.7
C
309
Answer: (c) [2]
254
Trigonometry
(d) A plane from Colombo to Mumbai leaves at 21:15 and the journey takes 2 hours 24 minutes.
(i) Find the time the plane arrives at Mumbai.
hours Minutes
21 15
+ 2 24
23 39
23:39
Answer: (d) (i) [1]
(ii) Calculate the average speed of the plane.
Distance between Colombo to Mumbai is 1560 km
Time taken : 2 hours 24 minutes
24
2+ = 2.4
60
1560
=
2.4
= 650
650
Answer: (d) (ii) km/h [2]
255
7
Workbook of
Solution 4
GRAPHS
258
Graphs
Chapter 7: Graphs
19
v
Speed
(m / s)
t
0
4 15
Time (seconds)
The diagram shows the speed-time graph for 15 seconds of the journey of a cyclist.
(a) Calculate the acceleration of the cyclist during the first 4 seconds.
[Acceleration is gradient when speed in increasing]
rise 3
acceleration = = = 0.75
run 4
0.75
Answer (a): m/s2 [1]
(b) Calculate the average speed for the first 15 seconds.
here total distance = area covered under the graph
1
= (a + b) h
2
1
= (11 + 15) 3
2
= 39
total distance
average speed =
total time
39
=
15
= 2.6
2.6
Answer (b): m/s2 [3]
259
Workbook of Variant 3
1
6 (a) Complete the table of value for y = x + .
x
x -4 -3 -2 -1 -0.5 0.5 1 2 3 4
y -4.3 -3.3 -2.5 -2 -2.5 2.5 2 2.5 3.3 4.3 [2]
(b)
y
y=2x+1
y= x+ 1
4 x
x
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–1
–2
–3
–4
y= x+1
1
On the grid, draw the graph of y = x + for –4 ≤ x ≤ –0.5 and 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 4.
x
Six of the points have been plotted for you.[3]
260
Graphs
1
(c) There are three integer values of k for which the equation x + = k has no solutions.
x
Write down these three values of k.
-1 0 1
Answer: (c) k = or k = or k = [2]
1
(d) Write down the ranges of x for which the gradient of the graph of y = x + is positive.
x
1
(e) To solve the equation x + = 2x + 1, a straight line can be drawn on the grid.
x
(i) Draw this line on the grid for –2.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5.
For y = 2x + 1
x 1 2 3
y 3 5 7
[2]
(ii) On the grid, show how you would find the solutions.
1
(iii) Show how the equation x + = 2x + 1 can be rearranged into the form x2 + bx + c = 0
x
and find the values of the b and c.
1
x + = 2x + 1
x
x2 +1
= 2x + 1
x
x2 + 1 = x(2x + 1)
x2 + 1 = 2x2 + x
0 = 2x2 + x − x2 − 1
x2 + x − 1 = 0 [Compalre it with x2 + bx + c]
1
Answer: (e) (iii) b =
-1
c = [3]
261
Workbook of Variant 3
15 Find the equation of the straight line which passes through the point (0, 8) and (3, 2).
y = mx + c
y2 − y1
m =
x2 − x1
2−8
m =
3−0
m = -2
To find c, take any one point and put in the equation
y = -2x + c
8 = -2(0) + c
c = 8
y = -2x + 8
-2x + 8
Answer: y = [3]
21
20
18
16
14
12 1 2
Speed
10
(m / s)
4
3
2
0
10 20 30 40
Time (seconds)
262
Graphs
Calculate
(a) the deceleration of the car,
[Deceleration is gradient where speed is decreasing]
rise 20 − 8
Deceleration = = = 2.4
run 5
2.4
Answer: (a) m/s2 [1]
(b) the total distance travelled by car during the 40 seconds.
Method 1
Total distance = area under the graph
Total distance = area rectangle − area of triangle
1 1
= [ (10 + 15) × 12] + [ (10 + 25) × 12] + [8 × 40]
2 2
= 680
680
Answer: (b) m [3]
x3
7 (a) Complete the table for the function f(x) = + 1.
10
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
263
Workbook of Variant 3
y
g (x)
4
f (x)
3
x
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
g (x) –1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
–7
–8
[4]
4
(c) Complete the table for the fuction g(x) = , x ≠ 0.
x
x -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3
(d) On the grid, draw the graph of y = g(x) for –4 ≤ x ≤ –1 and 1 ≤ x ≤ 3. [3]
x3 4
(e) (i) Use your graphs to solve the equation +1 = .
10 x
[Find point of intersection of both curves]
-2.9 2.1
Answer: (e) (i) x = or x = [2]
264
Graphs
x3 4
(ii)
The equation +1= can be written as x4 + ax + b = 0.
10 x
Find the values of a and b.
x3 4
+1=
10 x
x3 + 10 4
=
10 x
x(x3 + 10) = 4 × 10
x4 + 10x = 40
x4 + 10x = 40
x4 + 10x − 40 = 0 [compare this with x4 + ax = b]
a = 10, b = -40
10
Answer: (d) (ii) a =
-40
b = [2]
14
y
13
1
x
0 3
The diagram shows the straight line which passes through the points (0,1) and (3,13).
265
Workbook of Variant 3
13 − 1
m=
3−0
m=4
line is passing through 1 on y - intercept
c=1
y = 4x + 1
y = 4x + 1
Answer: [3]
22
Speed
(km / min)
0
4 50 60
Time (min)
1
Total distance = (46 + 60) × 3
2
Distance = 159
159
Answer: (a) km [3]
(b) (i) Convert 3 kilometres/minute into metres/second.
50
Answer: (b) (i) m/s [2]
266
Graphs
(ii) Calculate the acceleration of the train during the first 4 minutes.
Give your answer in metres / second2.
4 minutes = 4 × 60 second = 240 second.
rise 50 5
Acceleration = = = = 0.2083333333
run 240 24
0.208
Answer: (b) (ii) m/s2 [2]
1
5 (a) Complete the table of values for the function f(x), where f(x) = x2 + ,x≠0
x2
6 y=2x
3 y=3
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
–1
–2 [5]
267
Workbook of Variant 3
(c) (i) Write down the equation of the line of symmetry of the graph.
[Line of symmetry for this graph is y - axis]
x=0
Answer: (c) (i) [1]
(ii) Draw the tangent to the graph of y = f(x) where x = –1.5
Use the tangent to estimate the gradient of the graph of y = f(x) where x = −1.5
After drawing tangent take any 2 points which are on tangent and find gradient.
(-1.5, 2.69) (-3, 6.2)
y2 − y1
m =
x2 − x1
6.2 − 2.69
m =
-3 − (-1.5)
m = -2.34
-2.34
Answer: (c) (ii) [3]
1
(iii) Use your graph to solve the equation x2 + = 3.
x2
1
x2 + = f(x). Draw line y = 3, point of intersection will give solution]
x2
1
(iv) Draw a suitable line on the grid and use your graphs to solve the equation x2 + = 2x.
x2
[Draw line y = 2x, point of intersection with graph f(x) will give solution]
For y = 2x
x 1 2 3
y 2 4 6
1 1.8
Answer: (c) (iv) x = or x = [3]
268
Graphs
23
40
Speed
(m / s)
0
5 10 15
Time (minutes)
he diagram shows the speed-time graph for the first 15 minutes of a train journey. The train
T
accelerates for 5 minutes and then continues at a constant speed of 40 metres/second.
(a) Calculate the acceleration of the train during the first 5 minutes.
Give your answer in m/s2.
rise 40 2
Acceleration = = = = 0.1333333333.
run 5 × 60 15
2
or 0.133
15
Answer: (a) m/s2 [2]
(b) Calculate the average speed for the first 15 minutes of the train journey.
Give your answer in m/s.
Total distance = Area of trapezium.
1
Total distance = (a + b) h
2
1
= (600 + 900) × 40
2
= 30000
Total distance
Average speed =
Totale time
30000
=
900
= 33.3333333333
33.3
Answer: (b) m/s [3]
269
Workbook of Variant 3
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8
[2]
(b) On the grid, draw the graph of y = 2x for –2 ≤ x ≤ 3.
y
10
8 y=2x+2
y=2x
7
5
targent at x =1
4
x
–2 –1 0 1 2 3
–1
[3]
(c) (i) On the grid, draw the straight line which passes through the points (0, 2) and (3, 8). [1]
(ii) The equation of this line is y = mx + 2.
Show that the value of m is 2.
Method 1 Method 2
rise y2 − y1
m=+ m=
run x2 − x1
6 8−2
m= m=
3 3−0
m = 2 m=2 [1]
270
Graphs
For y = 2x + 2
x 1 2 3
y 4 6 8
-0.75
Answer: (c) (iii) x = [1]
(d) Draw the tangent to the curve at the point where x = 1.
Use this tangent to calculate an estimate of the gradient of y = 2x when x = 1.
1.3
Answer: (d) [3]
19
120
1 2
100
80
Speed
(km / h) 60
3
40
20
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Time (minutes)
The diagram shows the speed-time graph for part of a car journey.
The speed of the car is shown in kilometres/hour.
271
Workbook of Variant 3
Calculate the distance travelled by the car during the 3.5 minutes shown in the diagram.
Give your answer in kilometres.
Total distance = shape 1 + shape 2 + shape 3
(shape 1 and 2 have same area)
1
Total distance = 2( × b × h) + l × b
2
= 2 ( 12 × 1
120
× 20 +) ( 1207 × 100 )
= 6
6
Answer: km [4]
7 f(x) = 2x
(a) Complete the table.
272
Graphs
y
16 f (x)
15
14
13
12 y= 3x
11
targent
10
5 y=5
x
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
[4]
(c) Use your graph to slve the equation 2x = 5
[Draw line y = 5 point of intersection with f(x) will give solution]
2.3
Answer: (c) x = [1]
273
Workbook of Variant 3
(d) Draw a suitable straight line and use it to solve the equation 2x = 3x.
[Draw line y = 3x and point of intersection with f(x) will give solution]
For y = 3x
x 1 2 3
y 3 6 9
0.4 3.25
Answer: (d) x = or x = [3]
(e) Draw a suitable tangent and use it to find the co-ordinates of the point on the graph of
y = f(x), where the gradient of the graph is 3.
[draw a parallel line with line y = 3x such that new drawn line should be tangent of f(x)]
2.25 4.8
Answer: (e) ( , ) [3]
19
5
Speed 3
(metres per
second) 2 2
1
1
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time (seconds)
The diagram shows the speed time graph for the last 18 seconds of Roman’s cycle journey.
rise 5
Deceleration =
= = 0.625
run 8
5
/ 0.625
8
Answer: (a) m/s2 [1]
274
Graphs
(b) Calculate the total distance Roman travels during the 18 seconds.
distance = shape 1 + shape 2
1 1
distance = (a + b) h + (a + b) h
2 2
1 1
distance = [ (1 + 5) × 4] + [ (6 + 14) × 5]
2 2
distance = 62
62
Answer: (b) m [3]
2
4 f(x) = − 3x, x ≠ 0.
x2
f(x) 9.2 7.8 6.5 5.4 5 9.5 6.5 -1 -3.6 -5.5 -7.2 -8.8
[2]
275
Workbook of Variant 3
(b) On the grid, draw the graph of y = f(x), for –3 ≤ x ≤ –0.5 and 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 3. [5]
y
10
f (x) 9 y=3x
4 y=4
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
–7
–8
–9 f (x)
276
Graphs
0.6
Answer: (c) (i) x = [1]
(ii) f(x) = 3x
[draw line y = 3x]
[point of intersection is answer]
0.75
Answer: (c) (ii) x = [2]
(d) The equation f(x) = 3x can be written as x3 = k.
Find the value of k.
f(x) = 3x
2
− 3x = 3x
x2
2
= 3x + 3x
x2
2
= 6x
x2
2
= x3
6
1
x3 =
3
1
3
Answer: (d) k = [2]
277
Workbook of Variant 3
(y2 − y1)
m =
(x2 − x1)
−9 − 5
m =
3 − (-1)
m = −3.5
y = mx + c
y = −3.5 + c
5 = −3.5(-1) + c
5 = 3.5 + c
c = 1.5
y = −3.5x + 1.5
y = -3.5x + 1.5
Answer: (e) (ii) y = [3]
(iii) Complete the statement.
tangent
The straight line in part (e) (ii) is a to the graph of y = f(x)[1]
1
5 (a) Complete this table of values for the fuction f(x) = − x2, x ≠ 0.
x
278
Graphs
1
(b) Draw the graph of f(x) = − x2 for –3 ≤ x ≤ –0.2 and 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 3.
x
y
x = -2
5
4 y =2x -2
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
–1
–2
–3 y = -3
–4
–5
–6
–7
–8
f (x)
–9
f (x)
–10
[5]
279
Workbook of Variant 3
(d) By drawing a suitable line on your graph, solve the equation f(x) = 2x – 2.
For y = 2x - 2
x 1 2 3
y 0 2 4
-2.6 -0.4 1
Answer: (c) x = or x = or x = [3]
(e) By drawing a suitable tangent, work out an estimate of the gradient of the curve at the point
where x = –2.
You must show your working.
(After drawing tangent at x = -2 take any 2 points which are on tangent and find gradient)
3.92
Answer: (e) [3]
9 cm
x cm
7 cm
x cm
x cm
(a) Write down, in terms of x, the length and width of the box.
280
Graphs
Length = 9 − x − x = 9 − 2x
Width = 7 − x − x = 7 − 2x
9 − 2x
Answer: (a) Length =
7 − 2x
Width = [2]
(b) Show that the volume, V, of the box is 4x3 − 32x2 + 63x.
Volume of cuboid = l × b × h
= (9 − 2x) (7 − 2x)x
= (9 − 2x) (7x − 2x2)
= 9(7x − 2x2) − 2x (7x − 2x2)
= 63x − 18x2 − 14x2 + 4x3
= 4x3 − 18x2 − 14x2 + 63x
= 4x3 − 32x2 + 63x
V 0 24 35 36 30 20 9 0
4(0.5)3 − 32(0.5)2 + 63(.05) = 24
4(2.5)3 − 32(2.5)2 + 63(2.5) = 20 [2]
(d) On the grid, draw the graph of V = 4x3 − 32x2 + 63x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 3.5
281
Workbook of Variant 3
35
30
25
20
15
10
x
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
[3]
(e) The volume of the box is at least 30 cm3.
Write down, as an inequality, the possible values of x.
0.73 ≤ x ≤ 2
Answer: (e) [2]
(f) (i) Write down the maximum volume of the box.
37
Answer: (f) (i) cm3 [1]
(ii) Write down the value of x which gives the maximum volume.
282
Graphs
1.25
Answer: (f) (ii) [1]
1 2
8 (a) Rearrange s = ut + at to make a the subject.
2
1 2
s − ut = at
2
2(s − ut) = at2
2(s − ut)
=a
t2
2(s − ut)
a =
t2
2(s − ut)
t2
Answer: (a) a = [3]
(b) The formula v = u + at can be used to calculate the speed, v of a car.
u = 15, a = 2 and t = 8, each correct to the nearest integer.
Calculate the upper bound of the speed v.
u, a and t correct to nearest integer.
1
half of 1 = = 0.5
2
upper bound of u = 150 + 0.5 = 15.5
upper bound of a = 2 + 0.5 = 2.5
upper bound of t = 8 + 0.5 = 8.5
upper bund of speed V = 15.5 + 2.5 × 8.5
= 36.75
36.75
Answer: (b) [3]
(c) The diagram shows the speed-time graph for a car travelling between two sets of
283
Workbook of Variant 3
traffic lights.
16
Speed
(m/s)
0
10 20 25
Time (seconds)
(i) Calculate the deceleration of the car for the last 5 seconds of the journey.
rise 16
deceleration = = = 3.2
run 5
3.2
Answer: (c) (i) m/s2 [1]
(ii) Calculate the average speed of the car between the two sets of traffic lights.
Total distance = area of trapezium
1
Distance = (a + b) h
2
1
= (10 + 25) × 16
2
= 280 m
Total distance
Average speed =
Total time
280
=
25
= 11.2
11.2
Answer: (c) (ii) m/s [4
284
Graphs
13 Find the equation of the line passing through the point with co-ordinates (5, 9) and (–3, 13).
y = mx + c
y2 − y1
m=
x2 − x1
13 − 9
m=
-3 − 5
-1
m=
2
Take any one point to find value of C
y=x+c
-1
9= (5) + c
2
5
c=9+
2
23
c=
2
-1 23
y= x+
2 2
-1 23
y= x+
2 2
Answer: [3]
1
4 The table shows some values for the function y = + x, x ≠ 0
x2
x -3 -2 -1 -0.5 0.5 1 2 3 4
1
(b) On the grid, draw the graph of y = + x for –3 ≤ x ≤ –0.5 and 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 4.
x2
285
Workbook of Variant 3
y
5
y=1
x +x2
y = 1-x 4
targent at x = 2
3 y=3
2
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–1
–2
y = 1x + x
–3
2
[5]
1
(c) Use your graph to solve the equation +x−3=0
x2
1
+x−3=0
x2
1
+ x = 3 [Make changes such that left hand side becomes original fraction]
x2
Draw line y = 3
y = 3
286
Graphs
1
(d) Use your graph to solve the equation +x=1−x
x2
Draw a line y = 1 − x
Point of intersection will give solution
For y=1 − x
x 1 2 3
y 0 -1 -2
-0.65
Answer: (d) x = [3]
(e) By drawing a suitable tangent, find an estimate of the gradient of the curve at the point
where x = 2.
x = 2
After drawing tangent, take any 2 point witch are on tangent and find gradient
(2, 2.25) and (4, 3.6)
y2 − y1
m =
x2 − x1
3.6 − 2.25
m =
4−2
m = 0.675
0.675
Answer: (e) [3]
(f) Using algebra, show that you can use the graph at y = 0 to find
3
−1
Answer (f):
1
y = +x
x2
1
0 = +x
x2
1 + x3
0 =
x2
0 = 1 + x3
-1 = x3
x =
3
−1
3
−1
Answer: [3]
287
Workbook of Variant 3
12
10
Speed (m/s)
0 u 3u
Time (seconds)
A car starts from rest and accelerates for u seconds until it reaches a speed of 10 m/s.
The car then travels at 10 m/s for 2u seconds.
The diagram shows the speed-time graph for this journey.
1
Distance = (a + b) h
2
1
125 = [(3u − u) + 3u] 10
2
2
125 × = 2u + 3u
10
125 = 5u
u = 25
25
Answer: (a) u = [3]
(b) Find the acceleration in the first u seconds.
rise 10
Acceleration = = = 2
run 5
2
Answer: (b) m/s2 [1]
288
Graphs
8 x
3 f(x) = + ,x≠0
x2
2
(a) Complete the table of value for f(x).
f(x) -2.2 -1.5 -0.6 1 2.8 4.3 3 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.8
[3]
(b) On the grid, draw the graph of y = f(x) for –5 ≤ x ≤ –1.5 and 1.5 ≤ x ≤ 5.
y
Y=1-x X= -3
5
3 x
x x f (x)
x x
x
x 1
x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
–1
f (x) x –2
–3 [5]
289
Workbook of Variant 3
-2.6
Answer: (c) x = [1]
(d) By drawing a suitable line on the grid, solve the equation f(x) = 1 − x.
For y = 1 − x
x 1 2 3
y 0 -1 -2
[draw line y = 1 − x]
-1.6
Answer: (d) x = [3]
(e) By drawing a tangent at the point (–3, –0.6), estimate the gradient of the graph of
y = f(x) when x = –3
After during tangent at x = -3 take 2 any point which are on tangent and find gradient.
(3, 0.6)(0, 2.8)
y2 − y1
m =
x2 − x1
2.8 − (-0.6)
m =
0 − (-3)
m = 1.133333333
1.13
Answer: (e) [3]
290
Graphs
26
45
Speed
(km/h)
0
10 20 30
Time (seconds)
5
[to convert km/h to m/s → × ]
18
5
45 km/h = 45 × m/s = 12.5
18
12.5
Answer: (a) m/s [2]
(b) Find the deceleration of the car, giving your answer in m/s2.
rise 12.5
deceleration = = = 1.25
run 10
1.25
Answer: (b) m/s2 [1]
(c) Find the distance travelled by the car during the 30 seconds, giving your answer in metres.
distance = Area of trapezium
1
distance = (a + b) h
2
1
distance = (20 + 30) × 12.5
2
distance = 312.5
312.5
Answer: (c) m [3]
291
Workbook of Variant 3
1
4 f(x) = x − , x≠0
2x2
(a) Complete the table of values.
f(x) -3.1 -2.1 -1.7 -1.5 -2.55 -5.9 -5.3 -1.5 0.5 1.3 1.9
[2]
(b) On the grid, draw the graph of y = f(x) for –3 ≤ x ≤ –0.3 and 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 2.
[5]
y
y=2-x 5
2x x f (x)
x
1 x y=1
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2
–1
x x
x
x –2
x
f(x) x –3
–4
–5
x
x–6
1.3
Answer: (c) x = [1]
292
Graphs
(d) There is only one negative integer value, k, for which f(x) = k has only one solution for all real
x.
Write down this value of k.
y = -1 is only horizontal line which negative integer and will have only one solution
-1
Answer: (d) k = [1]
1
(e) The equation 2x − − 2 = 0 can be solved using graph of y = f(x) and a straight
line graph. 2x2
1
2x − x − =2−x
2x2
1
x − =2−x
x2
y=2-x
y=2−x
Answer: (e) (i) [1]
1
(ii) On the grid, draw this straight line and solve the equation 2x − − 2 = 0.
2x2
For y = 2 − x
x 0 1 2
y 2 1 0
[Point of intersection gives solution]
1.2
Answer: (e) (ii) [3]
293
Workbook of Variant 3
294
8
Workbook of
Solution 4
SETS, VECTORS,
AND FUNCTIONS
296
Sets, Vectors and Functions
A B A B
C C
[2]
15
O
N
h
297
Workbook of Variant 3
(a) HG
HG = HO + OG
= -h + g = g − h
g−h
Answer: (a) HG [1]
(b) ON
GN : NH = 3:1
1
HN = of HG
4
ON = OH + HN
1
= h + (g − h)
4
1 1
= h + g− h
4 4
1 1
= h − h+ g
4 4
1 3
ON = g+ h
4 4
1 3
g+ h
4 4
Answer: (b) ON = [2]
64
Answer: (a) [2]
298
Sets, Vectors and Functions
P Q
A B
A ∩ B' (P ∪ Q) ∩ R'
[2]
=24
21 + 15 + 1 − x = 24
F S
21 + 15 + 1 − 24 = x
21-x x 15-x
13 = x
1
x = 13
13
Answer: [2]
299
Workbook of Variant 3
1
25 f : x → 2x − 7 g:x→
x
Find
(a) fg ( 12 ),
1
g( 1 )=
2
1
2
1 1
g( ) =
2 0.5
1
g( )=2
2
1
fg( ) = f(2)
2
= 2(2) − 7
= -3
-3
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) g f (x),
gf(x) = 1
2x − 7 1
2x − 7
Answer: (b) gf(x) = [1]
(c) f –1(x).
f(x) = 2x − 7
y = 2x − 7 [Replaced f(x) with y]
x = 2y − 7 [Inter changed ‘x’ and ‘y’]
x + 7 = 2y [Make y the subject]
x +7
=y
2
x+7
f-1(x) = [repleced y with f-1(x)]
2 x+7
2
Answer: (c) f-1(x) = [2]
300
Sets, Vectors and Functions
9
y
3
A
2
1
x
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
–1
C
–2
–3
B
–4
(a) The points A(5, 3), B(1, –4) and C(–4, –2) are shown in the diagram.
(i) Write CA as a column vector.
[9 unit right and 5 unit up]
( )
9
5
Answer: (a) (i) CA = [1]
(ii) Find CA − CB as a single column vector.
CB = ( -25 )
CA − CB = ( ) − ( 5 )
9
5 -2
=( 9-5 )
5 - (-2)
=( )
4
7
(7)
4
BA = ( 47 )
Answer: (a) (iii) CA − CB BA [1]
301
Workbook of Variant 3
CA = 92 + 52
CA = 10.29563014
10.3
Answer: (a) (iv) [2]
(b)
D u C
t
M
A B
1
ABCD is a trapezium with DC parallel to AB and DC =
AB.
M is the midpoint of BC. 2
AD = t and DC = u.
Find the following vectors in terms of t and / or u.
Give each answer in its simplest form.
(i) AB
1
DC = AB
2
2DC = AB
AB = 2u
2u
Answer: (b) (i) AB = [1]
(ii) BM
BC = BA + AD + DC
BC = -2u + t + u
BC = t − u
M is midpoint of BC
1
BM = BC
2
1
BM = (t − u)
2 1
(t − u)
2
Answer: (b) (ii) BM = [2]
302
Sets, Vectors and Functions
(iii) AM
AM = AB + BM
1
= 2u + (t − u)
2
1
= 2u + t− 1 u
2 2
1
= 2u − u+ 1 t
2 2
3
= u+ 1 t
2 2 3
u+ 1 t
2 2
Answer: (b) (iii) AM = [2]
3 (a)
A B
A B
(b) 7 4 5
3
A B
7 4 5
3
14
Answer: (b) n(A U B’)= [1]
303
Workbook of Variant 3
81
Answer: (a) (i) [2]
(ii) f f (0.5)
f(0.5) = 3(0.5) + 1
f(0.5) = 2.5
ff(0.5) = f(2.5)
= 3(2.5) + 1 = 8.5
8.5
Answer: (a) (ii) [2]
(b) Find f–1 (x), the inverse of f(x).
f(x) = 3x + 1
y = 3x + 1
x = 3y + 1
x − 1 = 3y
x−1 =y
3
f-1(x) =
x−1
3 x−1
3
Answer: (b) [2]
(c) Find fg(x).
Give your answer in its simplest form.
fg(x) = 3(x + 2)2 + 1
= 3(x + 2)(x + 2) + 1
= 3[x(x + 2) + 2(x + 2)] + 1
= 3[x2 + 2x + 2x + 4] + 1
304
Sets, Vectors and Functions
= 3x2 + 12x + 12 + 1
= 3x2 + 12x + 13
3x2 + 12x + 13
Answer: (c) [2]
(d) Solve the equation x2 + f(x) = 0
Show all your working and give answers correct to 2 decimal places.
x2 + f(x) = 0
x2 + 3x + 1 = 0
a = 1, b = 3, c = 1
−b ± b2 − 4ac
x =
2a
x = −3 ± 3 − 4(1)(1)
2
2(1)
-3 ± 5
x =
2
–3 + 5 –3 − 5
x = x=
2 2
x = -0.3819660113 or x = -2.618033989
-0.38 -2.62
Answer: (d) x = or x = [4]
10 (a)
D L C
M
q
A p B
ABCD is a parallelogram.
L is the midpoint of DC, M is the midpoint of BC and N is the midpoint of LM.
AB = p and AD = q.
(i) Find the followings in terms of p and q, in their simplest form.
305
Workbook of Variant 3
AC
(a)
AC = AD + DC
= q + p
= p + q
p+q
Answer: (a) (i) (a) AC = [1]
LM
(b)
LM = LC + CM
1 1
= (DC) + (CB)
2 2
1 1
= (p) + (-q)
2 2
1 1
= p− q
2 2
1 1
p− q
2 2
Answer: (a) (i) (b) LM = [2]
AN
(c)
AN = AD + DL + LN
1 1
AN = q + DL + LM
2 2
AN = q +
1
2
p+
1
2 ( 12 p − 12 q)
1 1 1
AN = q + p+ p− q
2 4 4
1 1 1
AN = p+ p+q− q
2 4 4
3 3
AN = p+ q
4 4
3 3
p+ q
4 4
Answer: (a) (i) (c) AN = [2]
(ii) Explain why your answer for AN shows that the point N lies on the AC.
3 3
Answer(a)(ii) AN = p + q
4 4
3
AN = (p+q)
4
3
AN = AC, AN is multiple of AC
Answer: (a) (ii) 4 [1]
306
Sets, Vectors and Functions
(b)
F G
2x° (x + 15)°
H J
75°
EFG is a triangle.
HJ is parallel to FG.
Angle FEG = 75o.
Angle EFG = 2xo and angle FGE = (x + 15)o.
(i) Find the value of x.
considering triangle FEG
2x + 75 + x + 15 = 180
2x + x = 180 − 75 − 15
3x = 90
x = 30
30
Answer: (b) (i) x = [2]
(ii) Find angle HJG.
Angle HJG = 180 − Angle JGF [angle HJG and angle JGF are co-interior angles]
Angle HJG = 180 − (x+15)
Angle HJG = 180 − (30 + 15)
Angle HJG = 135
135
Answer: (b) (ii) Angle HJG = [1]
307
Workbook of Variant 3
17
R F
13-x x 11-x
In the Venn diagram = {students in a survey}, R = {student who like rugby} and
F = {student who like football}.
n ( ) = 20 n (R ∪ F) = 17 n (R) = 13 n(F) = 11
(a) Find
(i) n (R ∩ F),
13 − x + x + 11 − x = 17
13 + 11 − x = 17
13 + 11 − 17 = x
x = 7
7
Answer: (a) (i) [1]
(ii) n(R' ∩ F),
n(R’ ∩ F) = 11 − x
n(R’ ∩ F) = 11 − 7
n(R’ ∩ F) = 4
4
Answer: (a) (ii) [1]
(b) A student who likes rugby is chosen at random.
Find the probability that this student also likes football.
[Number student who like rugby = 13]
[ from rugby, who like football = 7]
7
13
Answer: (b) [1]
308
Sets, Vectors and Functions
243
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) Find g–1(x).
g(x) = 1 − 2x
y = 1 − 2x
x = 1 − 2y
2y = 1 − x
1−x
y =
2
1−x
2
Answer: (b) g-1(x) = [2]
(c) Solve the equation f(x) = 0.
Show all your working and give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
f(x) = 0
x2 + x − 1 = 0
a = 1, b = 1, c = -1
−b ± b2 − 4ac
x =
2a
−1 ± (1)2 − 4(1)(-1)
x =
2(1)
−1 ± 5
x =
2
−1 + 5
x = x = −1 − 5
2 2
x = 0.6180339887 or x = 1.618033989
0.62 -1.62
Answer: (c) x = or x = [4]
309
Workbook of Variant 3
4x2 − 6x + 1
Answer: (d) fg(x) = [3]
(e) Solve the equation
h–1(x) = 2
x = h(2)
x = 32
x = 9
9
Answer: (e) [1]
11 (a)
y
5
R
4
3
Q
2
P
1
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
310
Sets, Vectors and Functions
L
u
M K
O v V
2 3
K is on UV so that UK = UV and L is on OU so that OL = OU.
3 4
M is the midpoint of KL.
Find the following in term of u and v, giving your answers in their simplest form.
(i) LK
UV = -u + v
2
UK = (UV)
3
2
UK = (-u + v)
3
-2 2
UK = u+ v
3 3
1 3
LU = OU [As OL = OU]
4 4
1
LU = u
4
LK = LU + UK
311
Workbook of Variant 3
1 2 2
= u− u+ v
4 3 3
2
= -5 u + v
12 3 -5 u + 2 v
12 3
Answer: (b) (i) LK = [4]
(ii) OM
1
M is midpoint of LK ∴ LM = LK
2
OM = OL + LM
3 1
OM = OU + LK
4 2
3 1 2
OM = u+ ( -5 u + v)
4 2 12 3
3 2
OM = u − -5 u + v
4 24 6
1
OM = 13 u + v
24 3 13 u + 1 v
24 3
Answer: (b) (ii) OM = [2]
18
Q R
M
q X
O p P
312
Sets, Vectors and Functions
2
PX = PR
3
2
PX = q
3
OX = QO + OP + PX
2
= -q + p + q
3
2
=p+ q−q
3
1
=p− q
3
Method 2 :
QX = QR + RX
1
=p+ (RP)
3
1
=p+ (-q)
3
1
=p− q
3 1
p− q
3
Answer: (a) QX = [2]
(b) the position vector of M, the midpoint of QX.
[position vector means OM , position vector always from O]
OM = OQ + QM
1
OM = q + QX
2
1 1
OM = q + (p − q)
2 3
1 1
OM = q + p− q
2 6
1 1
OM = p+q− q
2 6
1 5
OM = p+ q
2 6
313
Workbook of Variant 3
1 5
p+ q
2 6
Answer: (b) [2]
1
9 f(x) = 1 − 2x g(x) = , x ≠0 h(x) = x3 + 1
x
(a) Find the value of
(i) gf(2)
f(2) = 1 − 2(2)
f(2) = -3
gf(2) = g(-3)
= 1
-3
= -1 -1
3
3
Answer: (a) (i) [2]
(ii) h(–2)
h(-2) = (-2)3 + 1
h(-2) = -8 + 1
h(-2) = -7
-7
Answer: (a) (ii) [1]
(b) Find fg(x).
Write your answer as a single fraction.
fg(x) = 1 − 2 ( 1x )
2
fg(x) = 1 −
x
fg(x) = x − 2 x−2
x
x
Answer: (b) fg(x) = [2]
(c) Find h–1(x), the inverse of h(x).
h(x) = x3 + 1
y = x3 + 1
x = y3 + 1
x − 1 = y3
y = 3 x − 1
314
Sets, Vectors and Functions
y y y
0 x 0 x 0 x
y y y
0 x 0 x 0 x
A
Answer: (b) y = f(x) Graph =
F
y = g(x) Graph =
315
Workbook of Variant 3
D
y = h(x) Graph = [3]
(e) k(x) = x5 − 3
Solve the equation k –1 (x) = 2
x = k(2)
x = (2)5 − 3
x = 32 − 3
x = 29
29
Answer: (e) x = [2]
P Q
A B
A' (P ∩ R) ∪ Q
[2]
20
D
E
d
O c C
316
Sets, Vectors and Functions
OC = c and OD = d.
E is on CD so that CE = 2ED.
Find, in term of c and d, in their simplest forms,
(a) DE,
DC = DO + OC
DC = -d + c
DC = c − d
CE = 2 ED
1
DE = DC
3
1
DE = (c - d)
3 1
(c - d)
3
Answer: (a) DE = [2]
(b) the position vector of E.
[position vector of E means OE]
OE = OD + DE
1
OE = d + (c − d)
3
1 1
OE = d + c− d
3 3
1 1
OE = c+d− d
3 3
1 2
OE = c+ d
3 3 1 2
c+ d
3 3
Answer: (b) [2]
23 f(x) = 3x + 5 g(x) = 4x − 1
(a) Find the value of gg(3).
g(3) = 4(3) − 1
g(3) = 11
gg(3) = g(11)
= 4(11) − 1
= 43
317
Workbook of Variant 3
43
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) Find fg(x), giving your answer in its simplest form.
fg(x) = 3(4x − 1) + 5
fg(x) = 12x − 3 + 5
fg(x) = 12x + 2
12x + 2
Answer: (b) fg(x) = [2]
(c) Solve the equation.
f–1(x) = 11
f-1(x) = 11
x = f(11)
x = 3(11) + 5
x = 38
38
Answer: (c) x = [1]
15
A B
12 – x
13 14
x
20 – x 15 – x
8 y
C
318
Sets, Vectors and Functions
Find x.
13 + 12 − x + 14 + 20 − x + x + 15 − x + 8 = 74
13 + 12 + 14 + 20 + 15 + 8 − x − x + x − x = 74
82 − 2x = 74
82 − 74 = 2x
8 = 2x
8
=x
2
x = 4
4
Answer: (a) x = [2]
(b) n(%) = 100
Find y.
74 + y = 100
y = 100 − 74
y = 26
26
Answer: (b) y = [1]
(c) Find the value of n((A ∪ B)' ∩ C).
A B
8
Answer: (c) [1]
319
Workbook of Variant 3
19 C
D B
c
b
E A
Hexagon
Answer: (a) [1]
(b) O is the origin. OB = b and OC = c.
Find, in terms of b and c, in their simplest form,
(i) BC ,
BC = BO + OC
BC = -b + c
-b + c
Answer: (b)(i) BC = [1]
(ii) OA,
1
BA = CO [property of hexagon]
2
1
BA = (-c)
2
1
BA = - c
2
OA = OB + BA
1
OA = b − c
2 1
b− c
2
Answer: (b)(ii) OA = [2]
320
Sets, Vectors and Functions
−b + c
Answer: (b)(iii) [1]
2 x
16 f(x) = x + − 3, x ≠ 0 g(x) = −5
x 2
Find
(a) fg(18),
g(18) = 18 − 5
2
g(18) = 4
fg(18) = f(4)
2
= 4 + −3
4
3
=
2
= 1.5
1.5
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) g–1(x).
x
g(x) = −5
2
x
y = −5
2
y
x = −5
2
y
x + 5 =
2
2(x + 5) = y
y = 2x + 10
2x + 10
Answer: (b) g-1(x) = [2]
321
Workbook of Variant 3
19 f(x) = 2x + 3 g(x) = x2
(a) Find fg(6).
g(6) = 62
g(6) = 36
fg(6) = f(36) = 2(36) + 3 = 75
75
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) Solve the equation gf(x) = 100
gf(x) = (2x + 3)2
gf(x) = 100
(2x + 3)2 = 100
2x + 3 = ± 100
2x + 3 = 100 or 2x + 3 = − 100
2x + 3 = 10 2x + 3 = -10
2x = 10 − 3 2x = -10 − 3
x = 3.5 x = -6.5
3.5 -6.5
Answer: (b) x = or x = [3]
(c) Find f –1(x)
f(x) = 2x + 3
y = 2x + 3
x = 2y + 3
x − 3 = 2y
y = x − 3
2 x−3
2
Answer: (c) f-1(x) = [2]
(d) Find ff –1(5)
ff-1(5) = 5 [ff-1(x) = x]
5
Answer: (d) [1]
322
Sets, Vectors and Functions
7 (a) The co-ordinates of P are (–4, –4) and the co-ordinates of Q are (8, 14).
(i) Find the gradient of the line PQ.
Gradient = y2 − y1
x2 − x1
= 14 − (-4)
8 − (-4)
3
= 18 = = 1.5
12 2
1.5
Answer: (a) (i) [2]
(ii) Find the equation of the line PQ.
y = mx + c
y = 1.5 x + c
14 = 1.5(8) + c
14 = 12 + c
c = 14 − 12
c = 2
y = 1.5 x + 2
3x
y = +2
2 3x
+2
2
Answer: (a) (ii) y = [2]
(iii) Write PQ as a column vector.
PQ = ( 44++148 ) = ( 1218 )
Answer: (a) (iii) PQ =
( 1218 ) [1]
(iv) Find the magnitude of PQ.
PQ = 122 + 182
PQ = 21.63330765
21.6
Answer: (a) (iv) [2]
323
Workbook of Variant 3
(b)
T
R
4a
O 3b B
1
R lies on AB such that OR = (12a + 6b).
5
3
T is the point such that BT = OA.
2
(i) Find the following in terms of a and b, giving each answer in its simplest form.
AB
(a)
AB = AO + OB
= -4a + 3b
= 3b − 4a
3b − 4a
Answer: (b) (i) (a) AB = [1]
AR
(b)
AR = AO + OR
1
AR = -4a + (12a + 6b)
5
6
AR = -4a + 12 a + b
5 5
6 8
AR = b− a
5 5
1
= (6b − 8a)
5 1
(6b − 8a)
5
Answer: (b) (i) (b) AR = [2]
324
Sets, Vectors and Functions
OT
(c)
OT = OB + BT
3
OT = 3b + OA
2
3
OT = 3b + (4a)
2
OT = 3b + 12 a
2
OT = 6a + 3b
6a + 3b
Answer: (b) (i) (c) OT = [1]
(ii) Complete the following statement.
The points O, R and 7 are in a straight line because
OR = [ 1
(12a + 6b)
5
=
6
(2a + b) ]
5
OT is multiple of OR and point O is common.
[1]
(iii) Triangle OAR and triangle TBR are similar.
6a
4a
( )= 36 = 9
16 4 9
4
Answer: (b) (iii) [2]
325
Workbook of Variant 3
= {1,2,3,....10}
A = {1,4,9}
(a) Write all the elements of in their correct place in the Venn diagram.
A B
9
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 10
8
[2]
(b) List the elements of (A ∪ B)'.
7, 8, 10
Answer: (b) [1]
(c) Find n(A ∩ B' )
[shading of A B’]
A B
1
Answer: (c) [1]
326
Sets, Vectors and Functions
5 (a)
y
5
A
4
3
2
B
1
x
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
( )
2
4
Answer: (a) (i) [1]
(ii) Find AB, the magnitude of AB.
AB = (-3)2 + 52
= 5.830951895
5.83
Answer: (a) (ii) [2]
(b)
S
Q
M
q
O p P R
O is origin, OP = p and OQ = q.
OP is extended to R so that OP = PR.
OQ is extended to S so that OQ = QS.
327
Workbook of Variant 3
−2p + q
Answer: (b) (i) [1]
(ii) PS and RQ intersect at M and RM = 2MQ.
Use vectors to find the ratio PM : PS, showing all your working.
PM = PR + RM
2
PM = P + RQ
3
2
PM = p + (−2p + q)
3
4 2
PM = p − p+ q
3 3
1 2
PM = − p+ q
3 3
1
PM = (−p + 2q)
3
PS = PO + OQ + QS
= −p + q + q
= −p + 2q
1
(−p + 2q)
3
PM =
PS (−p + 2q)
1
PM =
PS 3
1 3
Answer: (b) (ii) PM : PS = : [4]
4 − 6x
Answer: (a) f(2x) = [1]
328
Sets, Vectors and Functions
9x − 8
Answer: (b) ff(x) = [2]
(c) Work out gg(–1).
Give your answer as a fraction.
g(-1) = 3-(-1)
1
gg(-1) = g(3) = 3-3 = = 1
3 3
27 1
27
Answer: (c) [3]
(d) Find f –1(x), the inverse of f(x).
f(x) = 4 − 3x
y = 4 − 3x
x = 4 − 3y
3y = 4 − x
y = 4 − x
3 4−x
3
Answer: (d) f-1(x) [2]
(e) Solve the equation gf(x) = 1.
4
x = .
3 4
3
Answer: (e) x = [3]
329
Workbook of Variant 3
Lights Brakes
Fail test 3 9
Pass test 27 21
The lights and brakes both failed on one bicycle only.
= {30 bicycles}
Complete the Venn diagrams.
(a)
19
.......... 2
.......... 1
.......... 8
B..........
hts fail rakes f
Lig ail
19
.......... 2
.......... 1
.......... 8
..........
[lights and brakes both failed on one bicycle only]
1
.......... 8
.......... 19
.......... 2
..........
[In previous Venn diagram 19 were either light failed not brakes fail, it means 19 were both pass]
[2]
330
Sets, Vectors and Functions
x−1
16 f(x) = (x − 3)2 g(x) = h(x) = x3
4
Find
(a) hf(1),
f(1) = (1 − 3)2 = (-2)2 = 4
hf(1) = h(4) = 43 = 64
64
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) g–1(x),
g(x) = x − 1
4
y = x − 1
4
x = y − 1
4
4x = y − 1
4x + 1 = y
f-1(x) = 4x + 1
4x + 1
Answer: (b) g-1(x) [2]
(c) gh(x)
gh(x) = x − 1
3
4 x3 − 1
4
Answer: (c) fh (x) [1]
(d) the solution to the equation f(x) = 0.
f(x) = 0
(x − 3)2 = 0
x − 3 = 0
x = 3
3
Answer: (d) (x) [1]
331
Workbook of Variant 3
14 P Q
A B
a
b
O
The diagram shows two points, P and Q on a straight line AB.
P is the midpoint of AB and Q is the midpoint of PB.
O is the origin, OA = a and OB = b.
Write down, in terms of a and b, in its simplest form
(a) AP,
P is midpoint of AB
1
AP = AB
2
AB = −a + b
1
AP = (-a+b)
2
1 1
AP = − a+ b
2 2
1 1
AP = b− a
2 2 1 1
b− a
2 2
Answer: (b) AP = [2]
(b) the position vector of Q.
AP = PB
1
PQ = PB
2
1 1 1
PQ = ( b− a)
2 2 2
1 1
PQ = b− a
4 4
OQ = OA + AP + PQ
1 1 1 1
OQ = a + b− a+ b− a
2 2 4 4
1 1 1 1
OQ = a − a− a+ b+ b
2 4 2 4
332
Sets, Vectors and Functions
1 3
OQ = a+ b
4 4 1 3
a+ b
4 4
Answer: (b) [2]
16 (a) In this part, you may use this Venn digram to help you answer the questions.
F S
In a class of 30 students, 25 study French (F), 18 study Spanish (S).
One student does not study French or Spanish.
(i) Find the number of students who study French and Spanish.
25 − x + x + 18 − x + 1 = 30
F S
25 + 18 + 1 − x + x − x = 30
44 − 30 = x
25-x x 18-x
x = 14
1 14
Answer: (a) (i) [2]
(ii) One of the 30 students is chosen at random.
Find the probability that this student studies French but not Spanish.
Number of student studies french but spanish = 25 − x = 25 − 14 = 11
Total Number of Student = 30
11
30
Answer: (a) (ii) [1]
(iii) A student who does not study Spanish is chosen at random.
Find the probability that this student studies French.
Number of student who does not study spanish = 25 − x + 1 = 25 − 14 + 1 = 12
From then who study french = 25 − x = 25 − 14 = 11
11
P Q 12
Answer: (a) (iii) [1]
333
Workbook of Variant 3
(b)
P Q
19 M
B P
X
b
O a A
OAPB is a parallelogram.
O is the origin, OA = a and OB = b
M is the midpoint of BP.
(a) Find, in terms of a and b, giving your answer in its simplest form,
(i) BA,
BA = BO + OA
BA = -b + a
-b + a
Answer: (a) (i) BA = [1]
(ii) the position vector of M.
OM = OB + BM
1
OM = b + (BP)
2
1
OM = b + a
2 1
b+ a
2
Answer: (a) (ii) [1]
334
Sets, Vectors and Functions
1
OX = b + (BA)
3
1
OX = b + (-b + a)
3
1 1
OX = b − b+ a
3 3
2 1
OX = b+ a
3 3
2 1
OX = (b + a)
3 2
2 1
OX = (b + a)
3 2
2
OX = OM [OM = b + 1 a]
3 2
X lies on OM [4]
2
10 f(x) = 2x − 1 g(x) = x2 + x h(x) = ,x≠0
x
(a) Find ff(3).
f(3) = 2(3) − 1 = 5
ff(3) = f(5) = 2(5) − 1 = 9
9
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) Find gf(x), giving your answer in its simplest form.
gf(x) = (2x − 1)2 + (2x − 1)
gf(x) = (2x − 1)(2x − 1) + 2x − 1
gf(x) = 2x(2x − 1) − 1(2x − 1) + 2x − 1
gf(x) = 4x2 − 2x − 2x + 1 + 2x − 1
gf(x) = 4x2 − 2x
4x2 − 2x
Answer: (b) [3]
335
Workbook of Variant 3
x+1 =y
2
f-1(x) =
x+1
2
x+1
Answer: (c) f-1(x) = 2 [2]
(d) Find h(x) + h(x + 2), giving your answer as a single fraction.
h(x) + h(x + 2)
2 2
+
x x+2
= 2(x + 2) + 2(x)
x(x + 2)
= 2x + 4 + 2x
x2 + 2x
= 4x + 4
x2 + 2x 4x + 4
x2 + 2x
Answer: (d) [4]
12
P Q
3 5 10
336
Sets, Vectors and Functions
P Q
Shading of (P’ ∩ Q)
10
Answer: (a) [1]
(b) Complete the statement
Here 3 + 5 + 9 = 17 wich is represented by (P ∪ Q’)
(P ∪ Q’)
Answer: (b) n ( ) = 17 [1]
23 B
b
C
O a A
1
AC = (-a + b)
3
1
(-a + b)
Answer: (a) AC = 3 [2]
337
Workbook of Variant 3
1
OC = a + (-a + b)
3
1 1
OC = a − a+ b
3 3
2 1
OC = a+ b
3 3 2 1
a+ b
3 3
Answer: (b) [2]
1
9 f(x) = 2x − 1 g(x) = , x ≠ 0, h(x) = 2x
x
(a) Find h(3).
h(3) = 23 = 8
8
Answer: (a) [1]
(b) Find fg(0.5).
g(0.5) = 1 =2
0.5
fg(0.5) = f(2) = 2(2) -1 = 3
3
Answer: (b) [2]
(c) Find f –1(x).
f(x) = 2x − 1
y = 2x − 1
x = 2y − 1
x + 1 = 2y
f-1(x) = x + 1 x+1
2
2
Answer: (c) f-1(x) = [2]
(d) Find ff(x), giving your answer in its simplest form.
ff(x) = 2(2x − 1) − 1
ff(x) = 4x − 2 − 1
ff(x) = 4x − 3
4x − 3
Answer: (d) [2]
338
Sets, Vectors and Functions
4x2 − 4x + 7
Answer: (e) [2]
(f) Simplify hh–1(x).
hh-1(x) = x
x
Answer: (f) [1]
(g) Which of the following statements is true?
f–1(x) = f(x)
g–1(x) = g(x)
h–1(x) = h(x)
f(x) = 2x − 1
f-1(x) = x + 1
2
g(x) = 1
x
g-1(x) = 1
x
g-1(x) = g(x)
g(x)
Answer: (g) g-1(x) = [1]
(h) Use two of the functions f(x), g(x) and h(x) to find the composite function which is equal to
2x+1 − 1.
fh(x) = 2(2x)
fh(x) = 2x + 1 − 1
[am × an = am + n]
fh(x)
Answer: (h) [1]
339
9
Workbook of
Solution 4
MATRICES AND
TRANSFORMATIONS
342
Matrices and Transformations
23 A = (1 4) B= ( –23 –1
2
)
Find
(a) AB,
AB = (1 4)1 × 2 ( -23 -1
2
) 2×2
AB = (1 × 3 + 4 × −2 1 × -1 + 4 × 2)1 × 2
AB = (3 -8 -1 + 8)
Ab = (-5 7)
(-5 7)
Answer: (a) AB = [2]
(b) the inverse matrix B–1,
B-1 = 1
3 × 2 − (-1 × 2)
2
2
( 1
3) → B-1 = 1
ab - bc
( -cd -b
a
)
B-1 = 1
6−2
2
2
( 1
3 )
B-1 = 1
4
2
2
( 1
3 )
(2 3)
1 2 1
4
Answer: (b) B-1 = [2]
(c) BB–1 =
BB-1= ( 10 01 )
Answer: (c) BB-1 =
( 10 01 ) [1]
343
Workbook of Variant 3
y
4
12
11
10
A
9
B
8
6 y=6
5
P
4
3
Q T
2
0 x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
–1
–2
–3
–4
[2]
[2]
(c) Describe fully the single transformation which maps triangle B onto triangle T.
Answer: (c)
Transformation by vector -4
6 ( ) [2]
(d) (i) Describe fully the single transformation which maps triangle T onto triangle P.
344
Matrices and Transformations
A=
4 (a) ( 24 3
5 )
B = ( 27 ) C = (1 2)
AB = ( 24 35 ) ( 27 ) 2×2 2×1
AB = ( 2 × 2 + 7 × 3 ) 2×1
4×2+5×7
( 43 )
25
CB
= (1 2)1 × 2 ( 27 ) 2×1
CB = (1 × 2 + 2 × 7)1 × 1
CB = (2 + 14)
CB = (16)
(16)
Answer: (a) (ii) [2]
(iii) A–1, the inverse of A
A-1 = 1
2×5−3×4
5
-4
( -3
2
)
A-1 = 1
10 − 12
5
-4
( -3
2
)
1 5
-2 -4
( -3
2
) 1 5
( )
-3
-2 -4 2
Answer: (a) (iii) [2]
345
Workbook of Variant 3
-y
(c) Find the 2 by 2 matrix that represents an anticlockwise rotation of 90o about the origin.
x y
y 1
0 ( ) + x moves to + y and
0
1 + y moves to - x.
y -x
-x x
Resultant matrix
( 0
1
-1
0
)
( )
0 -1
1 0
Answer: (c) [2]
346
Matrices and Transformations
2
y
y= -x
6
5 X
3
b (i)
2
x
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
–2
–3
–4
Z Y
–5
–6
(a) (i) Draw the reflection of shape X in the x-axis. Label the image Y.[2]
(ii) Draw the rotation of shape Y, 90o clockwise about (0, 0). Label the image Z.[2]
(iii) Describe fully the single transformation that maps shape Z onto shape X.
1
(b) (i) Draw the enlargement of shape X, centre(0,0), scale factor .[2]
2
1
(ii) Find the matrix which represents an enlargement, centre (0, 0), scale factor .
2
0
0
1
2
[2]
347
Workbook of Variant 3
2×1 1×2
same
2 × 2
2×2
Answer: (a) (i) [1]
(ii) Calculate PN.
PN = (1 × 2 + 3 × 6)1 × 1
PN = (2 + 18)1 × 1
PN = (20)1 × 1
(20)
Answer: (a) (ii) [1]
(b) M = ( 22 3
4 )
Find M–1, the inverse of M.
M-1 = 1
2×4−2×3
4
-2
( -3
2
)
M-1 = 1 4
8−6 -2
( -3
2
)
M-1 = 1 4
2 -2
( -3
2
)
( -2 )
1 4 -3
2 2
Answer: (b) M-1 [2]
348
Matrices and Transformations
4
y
6 y=x
4
(b)
P
2
W
x
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6
(a)
–2
–4
–6
x y
+y 1
0
( 0
1
)
-y x
x Resultant matrix
( 0
-1
1
0
)
-y
( -1 0 )
0 1
349
Workbook of Variant 3
17 A = ( 21 4
3 )
B = (1 2)
BA = (1 2)1 × 2 ( 21 43 ) 2×2
BA = (1 × 2 + 2 × 1 1 × 4 + 2 × 3) 1 × 2
BA = (2 + 2 4 + 6) 1 × 2
BA = (4 10) 2 × 2
(4 10)
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) Find A–1, the inverse of A.
A-1 = 1
2×3−1×4
3
-1
( -4
2
)
A-1 = 1
6−4
3
-1
( -4
2
)
= 1 3
2 -1
( -4
2
)
( -1 )
1 3 -4
2 2
Answer: (b) [2]
350
Matrices and Transformations
3 y
x=6
11
10
5
(a)
4
Q
3
2
P ( b)
1
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
(c) (i) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle P onto triangle Q.
x y
1
y
0
( 0
1
)
y -x
-x
x
Resultant matrix
( 0
1
-1
0
)
(1 )
0 -1
0
Answer: (c) (ii) [2]
351
Workbook of Variant 3
2
22 (a) M = ( –13 1 )
Find M–1, the inverse of M.
M-1 = 1
3 × 1 − 2 × -1
1
1
( -2
3
)
M-1 = 1
3+2
1
1
( -2
3
)
= 1
5
1
1
( -2
3
)
Answer: (a)
1
5
( 11 -2
3
) [2]
(b) D, E and X are 2 × 2 Matrices.
I is the identity 2 × 2 matrix.
(i) Simplify DI.
DI = D
D-1 E
Answer: (b) (ii) x = [1]
352
Matrices and Transformations
2 (a)
y
8
7
X
6
a(i)
5
x
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
–1
–2
Y
–3
a(ii)
–4
(-6, -4)
–5
–6
–7
–8
–9
1
(ii) Draw the enlargement of triangle Y with centre (–6, –4 ) and scale factor . [2]
2
353
Workbook of Variant 3
(b)
y
8
7
W X
6
5
4
3
2
1 y=1
x
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
–1
–2
Y
–3
–4
Z
–5
–6
–7
–8
–9
354
Matrices and Transformations
17 M = ( 23 36 ) N = 2 1 5(1 7 2 )
(a) Work out MN.
MN = ( 23 36 ) ( 21 17 52 )
2×2 2×3
MN = ( 2 × 2 + 3 × 1 2 × 1 + 3 × 7 2×5+3×2
) 2×3
3×2+6×1 3×1+6×7 3×5+6×2
MN = ( 4 + 3 2 + 21 10 + 6 ) 2×3
6+6 3 + 42 15 + 12
MN = ( 7 23 16 ) 2×3
12 45 27
( )
7 23 16
12 45 27
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) Find M–1, the inverse of M.
M-1 = 1
2×6−3×3
6
-3
( -3
2
)
= 1
12 - 9
6
-3
( -3
2
)
= 1 6
3 -3
( -3
2
)
( -3 )
1 6 -3
3 2
Answer: (b) [2]
11 A = ( 34 –1
2
) I= 1 0(0 1)
Work out the following.
(a) AI
AI = A
(4 )
3 -1
2
Answer: (a) AI = [1]
355
Workbook of Variant 3
(b) A–1
A-1 = 1
3 × 2 − 4 × -1
2
-4
( 1
3 )
A-1 = 1
6+4
2
-4
( 1
3 )
A-1 = 1 2
10 -4
( 1
3 )
( )
1 2 1
10 -4 3
Answer: (b) A-1 = [2]
17 (p, q) is the image of the point (x, y) under this combined transformation.
( pq ) = ( –10 0
1 ) ( xy ) + ( 32 )
(a) Draw the image of the triangle under the combined transformation
-1
0
( 0
1 )
Represents reflection in the y axis so reflect the given triangle over y-axis
x
4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–1
–2
–3
–4
[3]
356
Matrices and Transformations
0
(b) Describe fully the single transformation represented by ( –10 1 )
x y
y 1
0
( 0
1
) By comparing it with identity matrix
-x x
22
y
7
4
A
3
x
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(a)
–1
–2
–3
B
–4
–5
–6
357
Workbook of Variant 3
(a) Draw the image of triangle A after a translation by the vector ( –43 ).
[2]
(b) Describe fully the single transformation which maps triangle A onto triangle B.
18 A = ( 54 23 )
(a) Calculate A2
A2 = AA
A2 =( 54 23 ) ( 54 23 )
2×2 2×2
A = ( 5 × 5 + 2 × 4 5 × 2 + 2 × 3 )
2
2×2
4×5+3×4 4×2+3×3
A = ( 25 + 8 10 + 6 )
2
20 + 12 8+9
A = ( 33 16 )
2
32 17
( )
33 16
32 17
Answer: (a) [2]
(b) Calculate A–1, the inverse of A.
A-1 = 1
5×3−4×2
3
-4
( -2
5
)
A-1 = 1
15 - 8
(
3
-4
-2
5 )
A-1 = 1 3
7 -4
( -2
5
)
( )
1 3 -2
7 -4 5
Answer: (b) [2]
358
Matrices and Transformations
1
19 (a) N = ( –10 0 )
Describe fully the single transformation represented by N.
x y
+y 1
0
( )
0
1
-y
y
y =x
7
4
A
3
2
B
1
x
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
( )
0 1
1 0
Answer: (b) [2]
359
Workbook of Variant 3
5 P = ( 01 –1
0
) Q= ( 10 –2
1
) R = –3 ( 5
)
(a) Work out.
(i) 4P,
4P = 4 ( 01 -1
0
) = ( 44 ×× 01 44 ×× -10 ) = ( 04 -40 )
Answer: (a) (i)
( 04 -40 ) [1]
(ii) P − Q,
P−Q= ) ( 01 -1
0
) − ( 10 -2
1
= ( 0 − 1 -1 − (-2) ) = ( -1 1
)
1−0 0−1 1 -1
(1 )
-1 1
-1
Answer: (a) (ii) [1]
(iii) P2,
P2 = P.P
( 01 -10 ) − ( 01 -11 )
P2 =
P = ( 0 × 0 + 1 × -1 ) ( 0 × -1 + -1 × 0 )
2
1×0+0×1 1×1+0×0
P = ( 0 − 1 ) ( 0 + 0 )
2
4×1 0−1
= ( -1 0 )
(0 )
0 -1 -1 0
-1
Answer: (a) (iii) [2]
(iv) QR.
QR = ( -3 − 10 )
0+5
QR = ( -13 )
5
(5)
-13
360
Matrices and Transformations
S = Q-1 = ( 10 21 )
1
1×1+2×0
(
1 )
1 1 2
=
1+0 0
= (
1 )
1 2
0
( )
1 2
0 1
Answer: (b) [3]
6 Find the 2 × 2 matrix that represents a rotation through 90o clockwise about (0, 0).
x y
+y
1
0
( 0
1
)
y -x
+x
Resultant matrix
( 0
-1
1
0
)
-y
( -1 0 )
0 1
Answer: [2]
361
Workbook of Variant 3
1 y
5
U
4
(0,3)
3
a(i) T
2
V
1
x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
–1
–2
a(ii)
–3
–4
–5
–6
(ii) triangle T after a rotation through 180° about (0, 0). [2]
( )
Translation by vector -2
2
Answer: (b) (i) [2]
(ii) triangle T onto triangle V.
362
Matrices and Transformations
u w
9 P = ( 21 3
4 )
Q = ( 10 2
3) R= ( 01 v) S = (8 3
2 )
(a) Work out PQ
PQ = ( 21 34 ) ( 10 23 )
2×2 2×2
PQ = ( 2 × 1 + 3 × 0 2 × 2 + 3 × 3 ) 2×2
1×1+4×0 1×2+4×3
PQ = ( 2 + 0 4 + 9 )
1+0 2 + 12
PQ = ( 2 13 )
1 14
Answer: (a)
( 21 13
14
) [2]
(b) Find Q–1.
Q-1 = 1
1×3−0×2
3
0
( -2
1
)
Q-1 = 1
3−0
3
0
( -2
1
)
Q-1 = 1
3
( -2
)
( )
3 0 1 1 3 -2
3 0 1
Answer: (b) [2]
(c) PR = RP
Find the value of u and the value of v.
PR = RP
( 21 34 ) ( 01 uv ) = ( 01 uv ) ( 21 34 )
2×2 2×2 2×2 2×2
= ( 2 × 0 + 3 × 1 2 × u + 3v
) =( 0×2+u×1 0×3+u×4
)
0×1+×4×1 1×u+4×v 1×2+v×1 1×3+v×4
( 3 2u + 3v ) = ( u 4u )
4 u + 4v 2+v 3 + 4v
By comparing,
u = 3
v + 2 = 4
v = 4 − 2
v = 2
3
Answer: (c) u =
2
v = [3]
363
Workbook of Variant 3
w = 24
2
w = 12
12
Answer: (d) w = [2]
u
13 M = ( 72 3 )
and M = 1.
u = 20
2
u = 10
10
Answer: u = [2]
364
Matrices and Transformations
2 y
8
6
a(i)
5
2
T
1
(-1,0)
x
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1 y= -1
U
–2
–3
a(ii)
–4
W
–5
–6
(a) On the grid, draw the image of
(b) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle T onto triangle U.
365
Workbook of Variant 3
(c) (i) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle T onto triangle W.
Reflection in line y = -x
Answer: (c) (i) [3]
(ii) Find the 2 × 2 matrix that represents the transformation in part (c)(i).
x
y=x y
1
+y 0
( 0
1
)
+x moves yo -y
-x +x
+y moves to -x
y -x
-y
Resulted matrix
( 0
-1
-1
0
)
( )
0 -1
-1 0
Answer: (c) (ii) [2]
366
10
Workbook of
Solution 4
STATISTICS AND
PROBABILITY
368
Statistics and Probability
3
1
2 4
4 1
1 3
2 4
1
Number 1 2 3 4
4 1
10 10
[1]
(b) The arrow is spun once.
Find
(i) the most likely number,
1
Answer: (b) (i) [1]
369
Workbook of Variant 3
0.7
Answer: (b) (ii) [1]
(c) The arrow is spun twice.
Find the probability that
(i) both numbers are 2,
possible outcomes 2 and 2
probability 0.2 × 0.2 = 0.04
0.04
Answer: (c) (i) [1]
(ii) the first number is 3 and the second number is 4,
possible outcomes 3 and 4
probability 0.1 × 0.3 = 0.03
0.03
Answer: (c) (ii) [2]
(iii) the two numbers add up to 4.
Possible outcomes (2 and 2) or (1 and 3) or (3 and 1)
Probability = 0.2 × 0.2 + 0.4 × 0.1 + 0.1 × 0.4
= 0.12
0.12
Answer: (c)(iii) [3]
(d) The arrow is spun several times until it stops at a number 4.
Find the probability that this happens on the third spin.
possible outcome not 4 and not 4 and 4
probability (1−0.3) × (1−0.3) × (0.3) = 0.147
[Probability of not getting 4 = 1 − getting 4 = 1−0.3 = 0.7]
0.147
Answer: (d) [2]
370
Statistics and Probability
7 (a) The table shows how many books were borrowed by the 126 members of a library group in
a month.
Number of book 11 12 13 14 15 16
Number of members 35 28 22 18 14 9
126 + 1
Median = = 63.5 term
2
12 + 13
63.5 term is in between 12 and 13 Median = = 12.5
2
mean = ∑fx
∑f
11 × 35 + 12 × 28 + 13 × 22 + 14 × 28 + 15 × 14 + 16 × 9
mean =
126
mean = 12.8015873
11
Answer: (a) mode =
12.5
median =
12.8
mean = [6]
371
Workbook of Variant 3
(b) The 126 members record the number of hours they read in one week.
The histogram shows the results.
Frequency
density
15
10
0 h
5 8 10 12 16 20
Time (hours)
(i) Use the information from the histogram to complete the frequency table.
Frequency 15 27 30 20 24 10
[3]
(ii) Use the information in this table to calculate an estimate of the mean number of hours.
show your working
∑fx
mean =
∑f
2.5 × 15 + 6.5 × 27 + 9 × 30 + 11 × 20 + 14 × 24 + 18 × 10
mean =
126
mean = 9.674603175
9.67
Answer: (b) (ii) hours [4]
372
Statistics and Probability
3
55 × = 33
5
33
Answer: (a) (i) [1]
(ii) Calculate the probability that Sacha walks to school on the first 5 days of the term.
1st day 2nd day 3rd day 4th day 5th day
3
5 ( )×( 3
5 )×( 3
5 )×( 3
5 )×( 3
5 ) = 3125
243
243
3125
Answer: (a) (ii) [2]
1
(b) When Sacha walks to school, the probability that he is late is .
4
1
When he cycles to school, the probability that he is late is .
8
(i) Complete the tree diagram by writing the probabilities in the four spaces provided.
1
late
4
3 walks
5
3 not late
4
1
8 late
2
5 cycles
7
not late
8
[Each branch of tree diagram, adds upto 1] [3]
373
Workbook of Variant 3
(ii) Calculate the probability that Sacha cycles to school and is late.
possible outcomes are cycles and late
2 1 1
× =
5 8 20
1
20
Answer: (b) (ii) [2]
(iii) Calculate the probability that Sacha is late to school.
possible outcomes: walks and late or cycles and late
3 1 1 1
probability: × + =
5 4 20 5
1
5
Answer: (b) (iii) [2]
10 (a) For a set of six integers, the mode is 8, the median is 9 and the mean is 10.
The smallest integer is greater than 6 and the largest integer is 16.
Find the two possible sets of six integers.
First set
7 8 8 10 x 16
1 2 3 4 5 6
Median = 9
Median is 9,So 3rd and 4th term will be 8 and 10
Mode is 8,So there will be one more 8 so second term is 8.
7 + 8 + 8 + 10 + x + 16
= 10
6
x = 11
Second set
8 8 8 10 y 16
1 2 3 4 5 6
2nd, 3rd, and 4th terms will remain same as given small integer is greater than 6 in first set
we took 7 here we will take 8
8 + 8 + 8 + 10 + y + 16
= 10
6
374
Statistics and Probability
y = 10
7 8 8 10 11 16
Answer: (a) First set , , , , , ,
8 8 8 10 10 16
Second set , , , , , , [5]
(b) One day Ahmed sells 160 oranges.
He records the mass of each orange.
The results are shown in the table.
Mass (m grams) 50 < m ≤ 80 80 < m ≤ 90 90 < m ≤ 100 100 < m ≤ 120 120 < m ≤ 150
Frequency 30 35 40 40 15
∑fx
mean = [Here 'x' is taken on mid values of class]
∑f
65 × 30 + 85 × 35 + 95 × 40 + 110 × 40 + 135 × 15
mean =
160
mean = 94.6875
94.7
Answer: (b) (i) g [4]
(ii) On the grid complete the histogram to show the information in the table.
375
Workbook of Variant 3
3
Frequency
density
2
0 m
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Mass (grams)
frequency
Frequency density =
class width
40
for 90 < m ≤ 100 → fd = = 4
10
40
for 100 < m ≤ 120 → fd = = 2
20
15
for 120 < m ≤ 150 → fd = = 0.5
30
[4]
376
Statistics and Probability
6
200
180
160 UQ
140
120
Cumulative Median
100
frequency
80
60 LQ
40
20
m
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mass (kilograms)
[ ( 2n ) th
term given median]
n 200
= = 100th term
2 2
5.8
Answer: (a) (i) kg [1]
(ii) the lower quartile,
[ ( 4n ) th
term given lower median]
n 200
= = 50th term
4 4
4.6
Answer: (a) (ii) kg [1]
(iii) the inter-quartile range,
377
Workbook of Variant 3
3 3
(n) = (200) = 150
4 4
upper quartile = 7
2.4
Answer: (a) (iii) kg [1]
(iv) the number of parcels with a mass greater than 3.5 kg.
Total number of parcels − mark on 3.5 kg
200 − 28
172
172
Answer: (a) (iv) [2]
(b) (i) Use the information from the cumulative frequency diagram to complete the grouped
frequency table.
[Mark on 6 - Mark on 4] [Mark on 7 - Mark on 6]
110 - 36 = 74 150 - 110 = 40
Frequency 36 74 40 50
[2]
(ii) Use the grouped frequency table to calculate an estimate of the mean.
∑fx
mean =
∑f
2 × 36 + 5 × 74 + 6.5 × 40 + 8.5 × 50
mean =
200
mean = 5.635
5.64
Answer: (b) (ii) kg [4]
(iii) Complete the frequency density table and use it to complete the histogram.
378
Statistics and Probability
40
35
30
25
Frequency
density 20
15
10
m
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mass (kilograms)
[4]
379
Workbook of Variant 3
Red
2
3
1
4
Yellow
Flower Red
2
7
10 3
1
1 Orange
4
12 Yellow
Flower
7
3 10
10
1 Orange
Not Flower 12
[5]
3
(b) A plant is chosen at random.
10
Find the probability that it will not produce a yellow flower.
Not Flower
probability of not producing yellow = 1 − probability of producing yelloow
7 1
=1− ×
10 4
33
=
40
33
40
Answer: (b) [3]
(c) If Katrina puts 120 plants in her garden, how many orange flowers would she expect?
120 times probability of producing orange flowers.
120 ( 107 ×
1
12 )
7
7
Answer: (c) [2]
7 The times, t minutes, taken for 200 students to cycle one kilometre are shown in the table.
Frequency 24 68 72 36
380
Statistics and Probability
(a) Write down the class interval that contains the median.
200 + 1
= 100.5th term
2
100.5th term coming in interval 3 < t ≤ 4
3<t≤4
Answer: (a) [1]
(b) Calculate an estimate of the mean.
Show all your working.
∑fx
mean =
∑f
Here 'x' is taken as mid value of class]
3.31
Answer: (b) min [4]
(c) (i) Use the information in the table opposite to complete the cumulative frequency table.
24 + 68 92 + 72
[1]
381
Workbook of Variant 3
200
180
160 UQ
Cumulative frequency
140
120
Median
100
80
60 LQ
40
20
t
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Time (minutes)
[3]
(iii) Use your diagram to find the median, the lower quartile and the inter quartile range.
Median:-
n 200
= = 100
2 2
Median = 3.1
LQ
n 200
= = 50
4 4
LQ = 2.45
3 3
UQ = (n) = (200) = 150
4 4
UQ = 3.75
IQR = UQ − LQ
3.75 − 2.45 = 1.3
3.1
Answer: (c) (iii) Median = min
2.45
Lower quartile = min
1.3
Inter-quartile range = min [3]
382
Statistics and Probability
9
Set A S U M S
Set B M I N U S
1
4
Answer: (a) (i) [1]
(ii) If this is carried out 100 times, write down the expected number of times the card chosen
shows the letter M.
100 ( 14 ) = 25
25
Answer: (a) (ii) [1]
(b) Two cards are chosen at random, without replacement, from Set A.
Find the probability that both cards show the letter S.
possible outcomes S and S
2 1 2 1
× = =
3 12 6
probability 4
1
6
Answer: (b) [2]
(c) One card is chosen at random from Set A and one card is chosen at random from set B.
Find the probability that exactly one of the two cards shows the letter U.
possible outcomes set A[U] and set B[not U] or set A[not U] and set B[U]
1 4 3 1
Probability × + ×
4 5 4 5
7
=
20
7
20
Answer: (c) [3]
383
Workbook of Variant 3
(d) A card is chosen at random, without replacement, from Set B until the letter shown is either
I or U.
Find the probability that this does not happen until the 4th card is chosen.
1st card and 2nd card and 3rd card and 4th card
not I or U not I or U not I or U I or U
3 2 1 2
× × ×
5 4 3 2
6
=
60
1
=
10
1
10
Answer: (d) [2]
7
Height (h cm) 0 < h ≤ 10 10 < h ≤ 15 15 < h ≤ 30
Frequency 25 u 9
frequency
frequency density =
class width
u
4.8 =
5
u = 4.8 × 5
= 24
9
v =
15
v = 0.6
24
Answer: u = min
0.6
v = min [2]
384
Statistics and Probability
4 (a) In a football league a team is given 3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 points for
a loss.
The table shows the 20 results for Athletico Cambridge.
Points 3 1 0
Frequency 10 3 7 (20-10-3)
Frequency density 10 13 20
(i) Find the median and the mode.
For mdian
n+1 20 + 1
= = 10.5th term
2 2
10.5th term is comming between points 3 and 1 median = 2
2
Answer: (a) (i) Median =
3
Mode = [3]
(ii) Thomas wants to draw a pie chart using the informatiom in the table.
Calculate the angle of the sector which shows the number of times Athletico
Cambridge were given 1 point.
20 360
3 x
3 × 360
x = = 54
20
54
Answer: (a) (ii) [2]
(b) Athletico Cambrdge has 20 players.
The table shows information about the height (h centimetres) of the players.
Height (h cm) 170 < h ≤180 180 < h ≤ 190 190 < h ≤ 200
Frequency 5 12 3
Calculate an estimate of the mean height of the players.
∑fx
mean = [Here 'x' is taken as mid value of class]
∑f
175 × 5 + 185 × 12 + 195 × 3
mean =
20
mean = 184
385
Workbook of Variant 3
184
Answer: (b) cm [4]
6
H C
30 150 20
40
180
Answer: (a) (i) [1]
(ii) hire a car but are not on holiday.
20
Answer: (a) (ii) [1]
(b) Find the value of n(H ∪ C' ).
30 + 150 + 40 = 220
220
Answer: (b) [1]
(c) One of the 240 passengers is chosen at random.
Write down the probability that this passenger
(i) hires a car,
Number of passengers hires car = 150 + 20
= 170
170 17
Probability = =
240 24 17
24
Answer: (c) (i) [1]
(ii) is on holiday and hires a car.
Number of passengers who are on holiday and hires car = 150
Probability = 5
150 =
240 8 5
8
Answer: (c) (ii) [1]
386
Statistics and Probability
12
Mass of parcel (m kilograms) 0 < m ≤0.5 0.5 < m ≤ 1.5 1.5 < m ≤ 3
Frequency 20 18 9
Mass parcel (m kilogram) 0< m ≤0.5 0.5 < m ≤ 1.5 1.5 < m ≤ 3
Frequency 40 18 6
frequency 20 9
Frequency density = = 40 =6
class width 0.5 1.5
[2]
387
Workbook of Variant 3
7 (a)
1 2 2 3 4
Two discs are chosen at random without replacement from the five discs shown in the
diagram.
(i) Find the probability that both discs are numbered 2.
possible outcomes 2 and 2
2 1 2
probability × = = 1
5 4 20 10 1
10
Answer: (a) (i) [2]
(ii) Find the probability that the numbers on the two discs have a total of 5.
(1, 4) or (4, 1) or (2, 3) or (3, 2)
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 6 3
× + × + × + × = =
5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 20 10
3
10
Answer: (a) (ii) [3]
(iii) Find the probability that the numbers on the two discs do not have a total of 5.
6 14 7
1− = =
20 20 10
7
10
Answer: (a) (iii) [1]
(b) A group of international students take part in a survey on the nationality of their parents.
E = {student with an English parent}
E F
F = {student with a French parent}
15-x x 9-x
n( ) = 50, n(E) = 15, n(F) = 9 and n(E ∪ F)' = 33
(i) Find n(E ∩ F). 33
15 − x + x + 9 − x + 33 = 50
x = 7
7
Answer: (b) (i) [1]
(ii) Find n(E ' ∪ F).
x + 9 − x + 33
7 + 9 − 7 + 33 = 42
388
Statistics and Probability
42
Answer: (b) (ii) [1]
(iii) A student is chosen at random.
Find the probability that this student has an English parent and a French parent.
7
50
Answer: (b) (iii) [1]
(iv) A student who has a French parent is chosen at random.
Find the probability that this student also has an English parent.
9 students have a french parent out of them 7 have an english parent
7
9
Answer: (b) (iv) [1]
389
Workbook of Variant 3
200
190
180
170
160
UQ
150
140
130
120
110
Cumulative Median
100
frequency
90
80
70
60
LQ
50
40
30
20
10
t
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time (minutes)
390
Statistics and Probability
(a) Find
(i) the median,
n 200
= = 100th term
2 2
72
Answer: (a) (i) min [1]
(ii) the lower quartile,
n 200
= = 50th term
4 4
68
Answer: (a) (ii) min [1]
(iii) the inter quartile range,
3 3
(n) = (200) = 150th term
4 4
Upper qurtile = 76
IQR = UQ − LQ
= 76 − 68
= 8
8
Answer: (a) (iii) min [1]
(iv) the number of students who took more than 1 hour.
164
Answer: (a) (iv) [2]
(b) (i) Use the cumulative frequency diagram to complete the grouped frequency table.
Frequency 9 11 16 28 108 28
[1]
(ii) Calculate an estimate of the mean time taken by the 200 students to complete the
examination.
Show all your working.
∑fx
mean = [Here 'x' will be taken as mid value of class]
∑f
35 × 9 + 45 × 11 + 55 × 16 + 65 × 28 +75 × 108 + 85 × 28
mean =
200
mean = 69.95
70
Answer: (b) (ii) min [4]
391
Workbook of Variant 3
4 1
Second
2
3
spinner
5
1 2
3
4
2
3
5
1 4
1 2 3 4 5
First spinner
392
Statistics and Probability
9 Sam asked 80 people how many minutes their journey to work took on one day.
The cumulative frequency diagram shows the times taken (m minutes).
80
70
UQ
60
50
Cumulative Median
frequency 40
30
LQ
20
10
0 m
10 20 30 40 50
Time (minutes)
(a) Find
(i) the median,
80
= 40th term
2
14
Answer: (a) (i) min [1]
393
Workbook of Variant 3
8
Answer: (a) (ii) min [1]
(iii) the inter-quartile range.
3
(80) = 60th term, UQ = 30
4
IQR = UQ − LQ = 30 − 8 = 22
22
Answer: (a) (iii) min [1]
(b) One of the 80 people is chosen at random.
Find the probability that their journey to work took more than 35 minutes.
Give your answer as a fraction.
80 − mark on 35
11
80 − 69 = 11 p=
80
11
80
Answer: (b) [2]
(c) Use the cumulative frequency diagram to complete this frequency table.
Frequency 30 12 18 16 4
76 - 16 = 16 80 - 76 = 4
[2]
(d) Using mid-interval values, calculate an estimate of the mean journey time for the 80 people.
mean = ∑fx
∑f
5 × 30 + 12.5 × 12 + 22.5 × 18 + 35 × 16 +45 × 4
mean =
80
mean = 18.0625
18.1
Answer: (d) min [3]
394
Statistics and Probability
(e) Use the table in part (c) to complete the histrogram to show the times taken by the 80
people. One column has already been completed for you.
Frequency
2
density
m
0
10 20 30 40 50
Time (minutes)
12
for 10 < m ≤ 15, fd = = 2.4
5
18
for 15 < m ≤ 30, fd = = 1.2
15
16
for 30 < m ≤ 40, fd = = 1.6
10
4
for 40 < m ≤ 50, fd = = 0.4
10
[5]
395
Workbook of Variant 3
396
Statistics and Probability
50
40 UQ
30
Cumulative Median
frequency
20
LQ
10
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Length of green bean (cm)
Work out
(a) the median,
n 50
= = 25th term
2 2
25th term will give us median median = 19
19
Answer: (a) cm [1]
(b) the number of green beans that are longer than 26 cm,
Total green beans − mark on 26 cm
50 − 47
= 3
3
Answer: (b) [2]
397
Workbook of Variant 3
5.5
Answer: (c) cm [2]
(d) the probability that a green bean chosen at random is more than 14 cm long.
Total green beans − mark on 14 cm = 50 − 5 = 45
45
probability =
50
45
50
Answer: (d) [2]
5 (a) 80 students were asked how much time they spend on the internet in one day.
This table shows the result.
Number of students 15 11 10 19 13 12
(i) Calculate an estimate of the mean time spent on the internet by the 80 students.
∑fx
mean =
∑f
0.5 × 15 + 1.5 × 11 + 2.5 × 10 + 4 × 19 + 6 × 13 + 8.5 × 12
mean =
80
mean = 3.8125
3.81
Answer: (a) (i) hour [4]
398
Statistics and Probability
16
14
12
10
Frequency
density 8
t
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (hours)
For intervel 3 < t ≤ 5
19
fd = = 9.5
2
For intervel 5 < t ≤ 7
13
fd = = 6.5
2
For intervel 7 < t ≤ 10
12
fd = =4
3
[4]
399
Workbook of Variant 3
3
(b) The probability that Chaminda uses the internet on day is .
5
3
The probability that Niluka uses the internet on any day is .
4
(i) Complete the tree diagram.
Chaminda Niluka
3
4 Uses the
internet
Uses the
3 internet
5 1
4
Does not
use the
internet
3
2 4 Uses the
5 internet
Does not
use the
1
internet 4
Does not
use the
internet
[2]
(ii) Calculate the probability, that on any day, at least one of the two students uses the
internet.
1 − does not uses the internet on both days
2 1
1− ×
5 4
18
=
20
= 9
10 9
10
Answer: (b) (ii) [3]
(iii) Calculate the probability that Chaminda uses the internet on three consecutive days.
3 3 3 27
× × =
5 5 5 125
27
125
Answer: (b) (iii) [2]
400
Statistics and Probability
Number sold 6 8 9 7
Michelle wants to show this information in a pie chart.
Calculate the sector angle for mango.
7
× 360 = 84
6+8+9+7
84
Answer: [2]
20 Jenna draws a cumulative frequency diagram to show information about the scores of 500
people in a quiz.
500
400
UQ
300
Cumulative Median
frequency
40th percentile
200
LQ
100
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
Score
401
Workbook of Variant 3
34
Answer: (a) [1]
(b) the inter quartile range,
n 500
= = 125th term
4 4
125 term gives lower quartile LQ = 24
3 3
(n) = (500) = 375th term
4 4
375 term gives upper quartile, UQ = 40
IQR = UQ − LQ
= 40 − 24
= 16
16
Answer: (b) [2]
(c) the 40th percentile,
40
× 500 = 200th
100
200th term will give 40th percentile,
30
Answer: (c) [1]
(d) the number of people who scored 30 or less but more than 20.
Mark on 30 score − mark on 20 score
200 − 80
120
120
Answer: (d) [1]
402
Statistics and Probability
2
4
Frequency
density
2
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
Amount ($x)
A survey asked 90 people how much money they gave to charity in one month.
The histogram shows the results of the survey.
(a) Complete the frequency table for the six columns in the histogram.
Frequency 13 33 19 4 15 6
[5]
(b) Use your frequency table to calculate an estimate of the mean amount these 90 people
gave to charity.
mean = ∑fx
∑f
5 × 13 + 17.5 × 33 + 27.5 × 19 + 32.5 × 4 + 42.5 × 15 + 55 × 6
mean =
90
mean = 25.13888889
25.1
Answer: (b) $ [4]
403
Workbook of Variant 3
N A T I O N
4 2
=
6 3
2
3
Answer: (a) (ii) [1]
(iii) the letter printed on it has no line of symmetry.
Letter N has no line of symmetry
2 1
=
6 3
1
3
Answer: (a) (iii) [1]
(b) Lara chooses a card at random, replaces it, then chooses a card again.
Calculate the probability that only one of the cards she chooses has the letter N printed on it.
Possible outcomes N and not N or not N and N
2 4 4 2
Probability × + ×
6 6 6 6
16
=
36
4
=
9 4
9
Answer: (b) [3]
(c) Jacob chooses a card at random and does not replace it.
He continues until he chooses a card with the letter N printed on it.
Find the probability that this happens when he chose the 4th card.
Probability not N × not N × not N × N
4 3 2 2 48 2
× × × = =
6 5 4 3 360 15
2
15
Answer: (c) [3]
404
Statistics and Probability
4 The four sector angles in a pie chart are 2xo, 3xo, 4xo and 90o.
Find the value of x.
2x + 3x + 4x + 90 = 360
9x + 90 = 360
9x = 360 − 90
360 − 90
x =
9
30
Answer: x = [2]
200
180
160 UQ
140
120
Cumulative
frequency 100
80
60 LQ
40
20
0 m
494 496 498 500 502 504 506 508 510
Mass (grams)
405
Workbook of Variant 3
(b) Find the probability that a box chosen at random has a mass of 500 grams or less.
Mark on 500 gram = 16
16
Probability =
200
16
200
Answer: (b) [2]
(c)
Mass (m gram) 496 < m ≤ 500 500 < m ≤ 504 504 < m ≤ 508 508 < m ≤ 510
Frequency 16 74 104 6
mass (m gram) 496 < m ≤ 500 500 < m ≤ 504 504 < m ≤ 508 508 < m ≤ 510
Frequency 4 18.5 26 3
[2]
Ariven
Answer: (a) (i) beacuse
probability that Ariven finishes this race is more than Yeung
[1]
(ii) Find the probability that they both finish this race.
Yeung and ariven
3 2 6
× =
5 3 15
6 2
/
15 5
Answer: (a) (ii) [2]
406
Statistics and Probability
(iii) Find the probability that only one of them finishes this race.
Probability that yeung does not finishes this race
3 2
=1− =
5 5
Probability that Ariven does not finishes this race
2 1
=1− =
3 3
Yeung finishes, Ariven does not finished or Ariven does not finishes
3 1 2 2
( )
7
× + × =
5 3 3 5 15
7
15
Answer: (a) (iii) [3]
(b) After the first race, Yeung competes in two further triathlon races.
(i) Complete the tree diagram.
2
6 Finishes
7
5 3 Does not
10
finish
Does not
finish 7
1 10 Finishes
7
Does not
finish 3 Does not
10
finish
[3]
407
Workbook of Variant 3
(ii) Calculate the probability that Yeung finishes all three of his races.
3 6 7
× ×
5 7 10
= 126 = 9
350 25 9
25
Answer: (b) (ii) [2]
(iii) Calculate the probability that Yeung finishes at least one of his races.
1 − P [does not finishes any of his race]
2 1 3 344
× ×1− =
5 7 10 350
344
= = 172
350 175 172
175
Answer: (b) (iii) [3]
17
200
UQ
150
Cumulative Median
frequency 100
LQ
50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (seconds)
408
Statistics and Probability
6
Answer: (a) s [1]
(b) the inter-quartile range,
n 200
= = 50th term
4 4
LQ = 5
3 3
(n) = (200) = 150 term
4 4
UQ = 7
IQR = UQ − LQ = 7 − 5 = 2
2
Answer: (b) s [2]
(c) the number of students with a reaction time of more than 4 seconds.
Total number of student − mark on 4 seconds
200 − 20
180
180
Answer: (c) [2]
4 The table shows the time, t minutes, taken by 200 students to complete an IGCSE paper.
Frequency 10 50 80 60
(a) By using mid interval values, calculate an estimate of the mean time.
mean = ∑fx
∑f
50 × 10 + 65 × 50 +72.5 × 80 + 82.5 × 60
mean =
200
mean = 72.5
72.5
Answer: (a) min [3]
409
Workbook of Variant 3
(b) On the grid, draw a histogram to show the information in the table.
20
18
16
14
12
Frequency
10
density
8
t
0 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time (minutes)
frequency
Frequency density =
class width
For 40 < t ≤ 60
10 1
fd = =
20 2
For 60 < t ≤ 70
50
fd = =5
10
For 70 < t ≤ 75
80
fd = = 16
5
For 75 < t ≤ 90
60
fd = =4
15
[4]
5
A A A A B B C
410
Statistics and Probability
28 2
=
42 3
method 2
A, not A, or B, not B, or C
4 3 2 5 1 28 2
× + × + = =
7 6 7 6 7 42 3 2
3
Answer: (b) (ii) [3]
(c) Three of the cards are chosen at random, without replacement
Find the probability that the cards do not show the letter C.
not C, not C , not C
6 5 4 120 4
× × = = 7
7 6 5 210
411
Workbook of Variant 3
4
7
Answer: (c) [2]
1
4 The probability that it will rain on any day is .
5
Calculate an estimate of the number of the days it will rain in a month with 30 days.
1
30 × =6
5
6
Answer: [1]
0.8 finishes
finishes
0.8
0.2 does not
finish
0.96
Answer: [3]
412
Statistics and Probability
24
80
70
60
50
Cumulative Median
frequency 40
30
30th percentile
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (minutes)
The cumulative frequency diagram shows information about the times, in minutes, taken by 80
students to complete a short test.
Find
(a) the median,
n 80
= = 40th term
2 2
40 term will give median
median = 6.2
6.2
Answer: (a) [1]
(b) the 30th percentile,
30
× 80 = 24th term
100
24th term will give 30 percentile
5.8
Answer: (b) min [2]
(c) the number of students taking more than 5 minutes.
Total number of student − mark on 5 minutes
80 − 10
70
70
Answer: (c) [2]
413
Workbook of Variant 3
6 The table shows information about the masses, m grams, of 160 apples.
Mass (m grams) 30 < m ≤ 80 80 < m ≤ 100 100 < m ≤ 120 120 < m ≤ 200
Frequency 50 30 40 40
(a) Calculate an estimate of the mean.
mean = ∑fx
∑f
55 × 50 + 90 × 30 +110 × 40 + 160 × 40
mean =
160
mean = 101.5625
102
Answer: (a) g [4]
(b) On the grid complete the histogram to show the information in the frequency table
2.5
1.5
Frequency
density
0.5
m
0
40 80 120 160 200
Mass (grams)
frequency
Frequency density =
class width
For intervel 30 < m ≤ 80
50
fd = =1
50
414
Statistics and Probability
[3]
(c) An apple is chosen at random from the 160 apples.
Find the probability that its mass is more than 120 g.
40 apple have mass of more than 120g
40 1
Probability = =
160 4
1
4
Answer: (c) [1]
(d) Two apples are chosen at random from the 160 apples, without replacement.
Find the probability that
(i) they both have a mass of more than 120 g,
40 39 1560 13
× = =
160 150 25440 212
13
212
Answer: (d) (i) [2]
(ii) one has a mass of more than 120 g and one has a mass of 80 g or less.
(more than 120 g, 80 or less) or (80 or less, more than 120)
40 50 50 40 4000 25
× + × = =
160 159 160 159 25440 159
25
159
Answer: (d) (ii) [3]
415