KARUNIA GLOBAL SCHOOL

Semester 1 | SY 2020/2021
PRE UNIVERSITY-3 – Chemistry (AS)
Test- Organic (without polymer)
Reynaldi P.S.
Name : ___________________ Marks : ____ /35 = _____%
No 08
: ____________________________ Date : _______________
02/02/2021

The benzene molecule is shaped like a hexagonal ring consisting of 6 carbon atoms connected

together with one hydrogen atom each. The C-C bond in a benzene molecule is shorter than

that of in regular alkane single bond or double bond of alkene (0.139 nm). The bond angles of

benzene are 120 degrees with each carbon atoms are sp2 hybridised. With so, the p-orbital of the

atoms overlap one another to create a region of delocalised electrons. This is a result of the

overlapping of pi bonds.

Electrophilic substitution
 HNO3 (nitric acid) and H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid), both concentrated.

HNO3 + H2SO4 --> H3O+ + 2HSO4- + NO2+

Concentrated HCl and Sn catalyst

C6H5NH2 + 3Br2 --> HBr + (CBr)3C3H2NH2

2,4,6 - tribromophenylamine

Bubbles of gas (N2)

Brown solution turns colourless

Phenylamine Ammonia Ethylamine

The ability of the central nitrogen atom to attract proton determines its basicity. Phenylamine

is the least basic as the benzene ring is an electron withdrawer, and ethylamine is the most basic

as the alkyl chain group is an electron donor.

2

Halogenoalkanes Ketone Aldehyde Alkene

3

Oxidation

Alcohol Carboxylic acid

Dehydration

Sulfuric acid

High temperature
 alcohol

Benzene, aldehyde