Eng 200 – Unit 1 (p:4-5)

Kick off

Apply (v.):

Transitive verb

1a: to put to use especially for some practical purpose

e.g. He applies pressure to get what he wants.

e.g. Engineers apply maths and science.

b: to bring into action e.g. apply the brakes

c: to put into operation or effect e.g. apply a law

Application (n.):

1: an act of applying:

a. an act of putting something to use e.g. application of new techniques

2: a program (such as a word processor or a spreadsheet) that performs a particular task or set
of tasks

Flow (v.):

Intransitive verb

1 a: to move in a stream

e.g. rivers flow into the sea

b: to move with a continual change of place

e.g. water flowing over the dam

Transitive verb

1. to discharge in a flow

e.g. The new oil well flowed 100 barrels a day.

Flow (n.):

1: an act of flowing e.g. flow of air

2 a: a smooth uninterrupted movement or progress

 e.g.a flow of information

b: the direction of movement or development

e.g. go with the flow

To be responsible for (v.)

Responsible (adj.):

1. liable to be called on to answer; holding a specific office, duty, or trust; accountable;

answerable

e.g. a committee responsible for the job

2. a: able to answer for one's conduct and obligations : trustworthy

b: able to choose for oneself between right and wrong

Responsibility (n./C.):1: the quality or state of being responsible: such as moral, legal, or mental

accountability; reliability; trustworthiness

e.g. It's her responsibility to ensure the project finishes on time.

2: something for which one is responsible 

e.g. He has neglected his responsibilities.

Maintain (v.):

Transitive verb

1: to keep in an existing state (as of repair, efficiency, or validity) : preserve from failure or
decline.

e.g. maintain machinery

e.g. The report found that safety equipment had been very poorly maintained. 

e.g. The company is responsible for maintaining public telephone boxes.

Maintenance (n.):

1: the act of maintaining : the state of being maintained 

e.g. The building has suffered from years of poor maintenance.

e.g. Refineries typically schedule yearly maintenance.

e.g. Components necessary for the maintenance of our fleet of helicopters often have to
be ordered from abroad.

e.g. The city budget for street repair and maintenance was cut for this fiscal year.

COLLOCATIONS:

maintenance work/services/procedures

maintenance contracts/costs

maintenance workers/staff/crew

rail/road/building maintenance

perform/provide/carry out maintenance 

Repair (v.):

Transitive verb

1 a: to restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken : fix

e.g. Faulty electrical appliances should be repaired by an electrician.

Repair (n.):

1 a: an instance or result of repairing

e.g. The truck was beyond repair.

e.g. Never attempt electrical repairs without unplugging the appliance.

b: the act or process of repairing

e.g. Is the bridge still under repair?

e.g. His job is to make minor repairs on all the machines.

Research (n. / unc. / also researches [plural]):

1. Serious study of a subject, in order to discover new facts or test new ideas

research into/on sth.

e.g. research into the causes of cancer Gould was helped in his

e.g. researches by local naturalists.

2. the activity of finding information about something that you are interested in or need to
know about .
 e.g. It’s a good idea to do some research before you buy a house.

 Collocations:

• To do/carry out research (also conduct research formal)T

e.g. The research was carried out by a team of scientists at Edinburgh University.

e.g. Little research has been conducted into the subject.

• To undertake research formal (=start or do research)

e.g. They are planning to undertake research into the genetic causes of the disease.

Science (n.):

1. (unc.) knowledge about the world, especially based on examining, testing, and proving facts 

e.g. Many leading scientists do not consider that science can give absolutely reliable knowledge. 

e.g. the founder of modern science, Isaac Newton 

e.g. developments in science and technology

2. (unc.) the study of science 

e.g. What did you do in science class today?

e.g. Mr. Paulson is a science teacher.

3.(c.) a particular part of science, for example biology, chemistry, or physics

e.g. the physical sciences 

Scientist (n. /C.): someone who works or is trained in science

e.g. They are problem solvers before they are computer scientists or animators

Technician (n.):  someone whose job is to check equipment or machines and make sure that
they are working properly

e.g.  a laboratory technician;  a hospital technician; a dental technician

Eng 200 – Unit 1 (p:6)

It’s my job

Degree (n. / C.): a course of study at a university or college, or the qualification that is given to

you when you have successfully completed the course (usually used as ‘to have a degree in’)

e.g. a degree in Economics 

e.g. Applicants must have a degree in Engineering.

e.g.  an Honours degree

ADJECTIVES/NOUN + DEGREE

a good degree (=that you pass at a good level)

e.g. Mature students are more likely to get a good degree.

a university/college degree e.g. For many jobs you need to have a university degree.

a higher/postgraduate degree (=one that you take after a first degree)

e.g. He was offered a grant for a postgraduate degree.

a master's degree (=a higher degree for which you study for one or two years)

e.g. She's taking her master's degree.

a science degree (=in a science subject)

e.g. The government is encouraging more people to get a science degree. (BSc/MSc)

an arts degree (=in a subject that is not science) (BA/ MA)

e.g. She has an arts degree from Sussex University.

a joint degree British English (=in which you study two subjects)

e.g. a joint degree in Economics and Statistics

VERBS

have a degree

You will earn more if you have a college degree.

hold a degree formal (=have one)

The ideal candidate will hold a degree in physical chemistry.

do/take a degree in something (=study for a degree)

Not enough students are taking degrees in Physics.

get/gain a degree

She worked hard and got a good degree.

1 drawing (n. / C.):  a picture that you  draw with a pencil, pen etc.

e.g. Leonardo Da Vinci's drawings show an immensely inventive and inquiring mind.

COLLOCATIONS

VERBS

do/make a drawing

e.g. Sammy was doing a drawing of his sister.

ADJECTIVES/NOUN + DRAWING

*a scale drawing (=showing the correct relative sizes of things)

e.g. The architect made a scale drawing of the new room.

Employer (n.):a person, company, or organization that employs people 

e.g. The shoe factory is the largest employer in this area

e.g. Every employer should spend money on training.

e.g. Who is your current employer?

foundation (n./ C.): a basic idea, principle, situation etc that something develops from

foundation of 

All theories should be built on a foundation of factual knowledge.

solid/firm foundation 

The course gives students a solid foundation in the basics of computing.

machinist (n. / C.):     someone who operates a machine, especially in a factory

e.g. All the women are highly skilled machinists.

e.g. The Boeing machinists have not gone on strike since 1977.

power station (n. / C.):    (especially in British English) a building where electricity is produced

to supply a large area

e.g. Chernobyl nuclear power station

coal-fired/gas-fired power station

e.g.  smoke from a coal-fired power station.

e.g. A gas-fired power station is to be built at Didcot alongside the existing coal fired power
station.
Current (adj.): happening or existing now; present 

e.g. the current president

e.g. In its current state, the car is worth £1,000.

e.g. The aim is to reduce current pollution levels in the Black Sea.

Eng 200 – Unit 1 (p:8)

Reading

Age (v.):  (present participle aging or ageing British English)   

 1 [intransitive, transitive] to start looking older or to make someone or something look older

e.g.  He was worried to see how much she’d aged. 

e.g. The experience had aged him in advance of his years.

2 [intransitive] to become older

e.g. The buildings are ageing, and some are unsafe.

Aging (n.)

Annoy (v.): make (someone) a little angry or unhappy about sth.; irritate.
e.g. She annoyed him with her stupid questions.

e.g. It really annoys me when I see people dropping litter.

Annoying (adj.): making you feel slightly angry; disturbing

e.g. Computerized telephone sales calls are really annoying.

e.g. Just as I stepped into the shower the phone rang. It was so annoying.

e.g. His most annoying habit is that he's always on show.

Brainstorm (v.): to have a discussion or meeting with other people at work, to suggest a lot of
ideas for an activity or for solving a problem

e.g. Employees get together and brainstorm ideas some of which get developed and some don't.

e.g. Students from Paris, Milan, Tokyo, and New York were invited to the Cambridge campus to
brainstorm with MIT students on the marriage of couture and computer.

Brainstorm (n.): a sudden clever idea

e.g. Kirby had a sudden brainstorm.

e.g. Engineers are only beginning to brainstorm possible reasons that Polar Lander might have
kept silent.

Artificial (n.): not real or not made of natural things but made to be like something that is real
or natural 

SYN false 

ANT natural 

e.g. artificial flowers/ artificial light/ 

e.g. artificial sweeteners/colors/flavors/additives

create (v.): 1. to make something exist that did not exist before

e.g. Some people believe the universe was created by a big explosion.

Her behaviour is creating a lot of problems.

The new factory is expected to create more than 400 new jobs.

2 to invent or design something

This dish was created by our chef Jean Richard.

Philip Glass created a new kind of music.

The software makes it easy to create colourful graphs.

High-pitched (adj.): a high-pitched voice or sound is very high 

OPP low-pitched

e.g. The high-pitched kettle may not be audible, but the automatic kettle switches itself off
when it boils.

e.g. Digital keyboards are added to the usual lead guitar, bass, drums and high-pitched vocals.

e.g. Her voice was clear but rather high-pitched.

Prototype (n.): the first form that a new design of a car, machine etc has, or a model of it used
to test the design before it is produced

prototype of/for

e.g. a working prototype of the new car

e.g. Within a year, the company expects to have a prototype for military use.
e.g. Pilots have begun testing a prototype of the new aircraft.

e.g. No damage to the prototype aircraft was reported after its first test flight.

e.g. The prototype of this particular computer was developed by an American in 1975.

working prototype

e.g. At the time of the Xerox visit, Apple had a working prototype of a machine that reeked of
serious intent.

e.g. He has filed a patent on his idea, and hopes to have a working prototype by the end of the
year.

COLLOCATIONS OF PROTOTYPE

VERB + PROTOTYPE

▪ build, create, develop, make, produce, have + a prototype

e.g. We have a working prototype that is ready to demonstrate.