Power Line Coupling Equipment.

a) Genera
l

In order to connect the DPLC terminal to the transmission line, coupling

equipment comprising line traps, coupling capacitors, coupling units and
coaxial cable shall be provided.

b) Method of Coupling

Coupling of the power line carrier signals to the power circuit shall be by
means of coupling filters (line matching units), coupling capacitors and line
traps. The methods of coupling used shall be:

 Phase to phase (center-outer) for single circuits.

 Inter-circuit (center-center) for double circuits.

c) Line Traps

Line traps shall be rated 1mH, 3150A at 500kV and shall be according to K-
Electric specifications for substation project.

The line traps shall be designed for outdoor service and shall be capable of
withstanding the severe atmospheric conditions experienced in tropical
climates.
 The equipment shall be designed, manufactured and tested in accordance with
the latest issue of IEC 60353.

The line traps shall be of the wide-band tuned type covering at least 300kHz at
a blocking resistance of 600 ohm (band to be selected later).500kV line traps
shall in installed on separate steel support structures

Jumper clamps shall be included for connection of the overhead line with the line
traps through down droppers. The clamps shall be suitable for fixing on line traps,
the diameter of the conductor grooves on the clamp must match that of the
down droppers used in each relevant substation.

The line trap shall comprise a main coil with a protective unit and a tuning
device. The tuning unit shall be mounted inside the main coil such that it is
easily accessible and can be changed without removing the line traps Tuning
devices component shall be designed to withstand all relevant electrical and
mechanical stresses

The protective device shall use non-linear type arresters, in accordance with
IEC Recommendations. The nominal discharge current shall preferably be the
same as that of the grid station arresters, installed behind the line trap, but in no
case less than 5kA.

The unit shall be capable of withstanding all relevant electrical and

mechanical stresses.

Post insulators and bird barriers shall be included as part of the

equipment.

d) Coupling Capacitors/ Capacitiv Voltage Transformer

Coupling Capacitors shall be rated ≥ 6900pF at 500 kV level and shall be in

accordance with K-Electric specifications.

The CCs shall be capable of withstanding the severe environmental conditions

of outdoor operation experienced in tropical areas. The equipment shall be
designed, manufactured and tested in accordance with latest issues of relevant
IEC 60044 & IEC 60358

The CCs shall be single phase units, oil-filled type. Each device shall be
connected between the line and ground and shall be equipped with two
secondary windings. Under no condition of operation shall a complex wave
be generated which will interfere with proper operation of the relays. Each unit
shall be furnished with ferro-resonance suppression devices.

The CCs shall be used for PLC signal coupling on transmission lines and shall
be equipped with bushings for connection of PLC coupling equipment and, as
required, with necessary carrier accessories. The carrier coupling accessories
shall
 include the drain coil, the arresters or spark gap across the drain coil for
over- voltage protection, external accessible grounding switch across the drain-
coil and a fitting for carrier frequency cable. The carrier accessories shall be
installed in a secondary terminal box fitted at the base of the unit.

The units shall consist of a capacitor divider unit and an electromagnetic unit
properly designed and interconnected. A protective device shall be
incorporated in the coupling capacitor for the purpose of limiting over-
voltage which may appear across one or more of its components, and to
prevent sustained ferro-resonance (harmonic or sub-harmonic oscillation of the
device or its associated burden).

Each CC shall be supplied complete with corona free clamp type HV

terminal connectors, grounding terminals, secondary terminal boxes and
supporting steel structures, as specified.

The CC shall be constructed to provide adequate insulation for the insulation class
specified and to withstand the mechanical and thermal stresses produced
under short-circuit conditions.

A dust- and weather-proof base housing shall be provided at the base of the high
voltage capacitor stack, containing the intermediate potential transformer,
compensation devices, ferro-resonance suppression devices and protective
devices.

The tank shall be constructed of welded steel plate and shall be suitably
reinforced to withstand handling and excessive pressures, under fault
conditions, without distortion. Where welding is done, a sealed weld shall be
used in every case so that no crack or pinhole is left where rusting could take
place, or through which pickling solutions might attack the weld.

The CC shall be delivered complete with steel supporting structure. The minimum
creepage distance shall be 4600mm. The Contractor shall provide complete
details of the steel structures with the tender.

e) Coupling Device (Line Matching Unit)

The coupling device (CD) shall couple and decouple the high-frequency
signals of the power line carrier unit from and to the transmission system.

The CD shall work like a high-pass filter for coupling to the overhead
transmission lines. For coupling to the underground cable feeders, the CD shall be
designed as band-pass filter.

Broad-band coupling devices shall be provided for each phase. The tuning
range of the unit shall be field programmable and the composite loss over the
range shall not be greater than 2dB. The line side and equipment sides return
losses shall be greater than 12dB over the available bandwidth of the filter. The
line side
impedance shall be in the range 300-600 ohms for coupling to overhead
transmission line and in the range 20-30 ohms for coupling to the underground
cable feeder. The equipment side impedance shall be in the range of 75 ohms
(unbalanced) to 150 ohms (balanced). The coupling unit shall be
programmable for various coupling capacitances, line and equipment side
impedances.

The coupling units shall provide for impedance matching, filtering and
operation safety and shall comply with IEC Recommendation 60481

The units shall be adaptable for either, centre phase to outer phase or inter-
circuit coupling. For phase to phase coupling, it shall be possible to earth
either of the coupling filters and continue with carrier transmission on phase to
ground basis using the other filter.

All tuning elements shall be factory-tuned to the selected frequency band,

impedances shall be factory adapted to the line and HF cable impedances.

All components shall be suitable for outdoor operation in the prevailing climatic
conditions. Cubicles shall have weather proof door and cable inputs seals,
adequately protected against condensation and shall be designed to a
protection class of IP54 or better. They shall be suitable for mounting on CC
rectangular lattice type steel support structures.

The unit shall be designed to ensure the safety of operators and the protection
of the carrier equipment against the effects of the network high voltage, and
of transient over-voltage conditions. Full compliance with IEC
recommendations shall be provided.

The unit shall have surge arresters and an earth switch. The terminal of the
device connected directly to the substation earth shall be clearly marked.

All elements such as coupling filters, drain coils or protective devices shall
be suitable for the coupling capacitor to be applied. A drain coil shall earth the
50Hz current so that the applied voltage meets the prevailing safety requirements
i.e.:

 The unit shall withstand without damage a shock-wave 1.2/50μs of 6kV peak
value applied on the power line side.

 Insulation level shall be of 5kV rms applied for one minute between each
coil and earth and between each coil and screen.

The connecting cable between the coupling unit and the coupling capacitor shall
be included. It shall have a diameter of at least 8mm and shall be isolated
and fixed sufficiently to withstand the mechanical and electrical stresses in case
of HV faults.
Name Plate

The coupling box, the earth switch, the main surge arrester and the drain coil
shall be equipped with name plates of weather-resistant material, placed so
that it is easily visible, with irremovable inscriptions.

 They shall indicate as a minimum.

 Manufacturer's name, type and serial number.
 Rated voltage and current for the earth switch.
 Rated voltage and the rated discharge current for the surge arrestor.

An arrangement diagram with weather-resistant inscriptions shall be fixed

inside the door of the unit housing box. It shall in particular indicate the
references of the carrier frequency cable outputs, the value of the tuning coil
and the ratio of the adaptation transformer in relation to the connections used.
Various connections of the filter and of the matching transformer shall be shown
in a visible and practical way.

f) Coaxial Cable

High frequency cable of coaxial type shall be used as connection cable

between coupling unit and the PLC terminal and between the set of coupling
units (connected in phase-phase and inter-circuit configuration).

The cable shall be PVC insulated; galvanized steel tape armored with a further
outer sheath of PVC and shall be suitable for direct laying in the earth/ trenches
and for use in tropical climates (temperature 0-70°C and humidity
approaching 100%). The inner conductor shall be copper with a diameter of 1-
2mm whereas the outer conductor shall be bare copper braid.

Following electrical parameters shall be considered in cable

design:

 Impedance 75/125±5 ohm

(unbalanced)
 Attenuation
at:
 100kHz ≤ 1.8dB/km
 300kHz ≤ 2.8dB/km
 500 kHz ≤ 4.1dB/km.
 Capacitance ≤
66nF/km
 Insulation resistance 5
GΩ/km
 DC resistance at 20°C ≤
26Ω/km
  Test voltage ≥ 6kV 50Hz/1min.
The bending radius shall not be greater than twelve times the outer diameter of
the cable. Maximum tensile strength shall be stated by the bidder.
Cross-section layout and technical data of cable mechanical and
electrical characteristics shall be included in the tender.

The laying in trenches, burying in ground, back-filling, and terminating and

protection pipes shall be included in the works. The protection pipes, if used, shall
be properly closed at the ends with a suitable compound to prevent against vermin
attack. The cable shall be suitable for laying in the trenches together with HV power
cables. The distance between the two cables shall be at least 400mm.

Complete lengths of cable shall be provided, with drum lengths according to

requirement but not less than 1000m. However, if straight through joints are
required on any link, this shall be deemed to be included in the works.

g) MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME

(MDF)

The MDF shall be housed in a self-standing cabinet lockable from the outside.
The cabinet shall be dust and vermin proof, designed to a protection class of
IP43 (IEC 60529). Provision shall be made for earthing the cabinet to the earthing
system at each location.

The entry of cables shall be from the bottom through suitable glands provided in
the plates and care shall be exercised that the glands are tightly closed after the
installation of cable.

The cables shall be terminated on connection blocks of the quick-connect type,

each capable of accommodating 10 pairs. Access to the cable blocks shall be
from the front. Each of the outside cable pair will be protected with over-voltage
protectors. The MDF shall be of a design such that the protection fuses can be
inserted and mounted on the MDF connecting blocks.
The protectors will be carbon type and will conform to the following
specifications:-

 DC spark over voltage : 350V +25%

 Impulse spark over voltage : 900V
 Nominal impulse discharge current : 10Ka
10
 Insulation resistance : 10 Ohm
 Capacitance : 1.5 pF

One Quick connect tool shall be provided with each cabinet, installed in such
a manner that it cannot be removed from the cabinet.
 h) TELEPHONE SET

Various Telephone set shall be offered for consideration .These units shall include:

i. General purpose instrument using push-button facility with analog or digital voice
transmission.

ii. Intelligent voice terminals combining the functions of telephone, loudspeaker

intercom and auto dialer. The facilities shall include:

 Push button telephone with on-hook dialing and last number repeat.
 LCD display to check number or facility stored under a button, preparation of
numbers off-line, checking of last number dialed.
 Status indication of dialed terminals.
 Autos dial number storage.

iii. Sound device shall be provided according to the location of telephone sets and
shall be of the following types:

 Normal ring
 Strong ring
 Very strong ring
 Horns

TESTING AND INSPECTION

General

Tests for the Telecom Equipment shall be mainly on functional basis and shall
include Factory and Site tests.

All telecom equipment/components shall be tested in the Manufacturer’s works.

The Contractor shall be required to carry out any one or all of the tests stated in
this Specification under witness of Engineer/Employer. Any other test that the
Engineer/Employer desires to be performed shall be added to the Factory and
Site protocols.

Testing of the telecom equipment stated herein shall be performed in line with
this specification and in accordance with the relevant International Standards.
Where no appropriate Standard is available, tests shall be carried out in
accordance with the Manufacturer's standard practice, subject to the approval of the
Engineer/Employer.

Acceptance by Engineer/Employer of any equipment shall not relieve the

Contractor/Manufacturer from any of his contractual obligations.

Engineer/Employer reserves the right to perform checks during manufacturing

process at any time. It shall be at the discretion of the Engineer/Employer to witness
tests on 100%, or any percentage quantity of each lot for routine tests, apart from the
type tests, wherever called for.

Factory Tests

a) Type Tests

The telecom equipment (Power line carrier equipment, outdoor coupling equipment,
Protection signaling equipment and telecom cabinets) should have successfully
undergone, as a minimum, the following type tests:

 Dry heat
test.
 Damp heat
test.
 Humidity cycling
test.
 Soak
test.
 Vibration test on
rack/cubicle.
 Insulation test of wires (2kV
AC).
 EMC tests.
 Transient interference
tests
 Radiation interference
tests.
 Long time temperature
tests.
The bidder shall submit certified copies of type test certificates covering the above
Telecom equipment.

Type tests certificates/reports shall be considered acceptable if they are in

compliance with the relevant Standards and the following:

 Type Tests conducted at an internationally recognized

laboratory.
 Type Tests conducted at the manufacturer’s laboratory and witnessed
by representatives from an internationally recognized laboratory.

List of NTDC approved international laboratories are:-

1) Kinectrics Lab, Canada.

2) KEMA Lab, Holland
3) IREQ, Canada
4) CRIEPI, JAPAN
5) CESI, Italy
6) KERI Labs, Korea.

Failure to provide the certificates or if the presented type test reports are not in
accordance with the above requirements, then the type tests shall be carried out in
the Manufacturer’s premises or other places in the presence of Engineer/Employer
at no additional cost. These tests shall be performed in the presence of an
internationally recognized laboratory, which should issue the relevant type test
certificates upon successful tests

b) Routine
Tests

Routine Tests shall be performed, comprising, as a minimum, the following:

General

 Visual checks.
 Checks of wiring and labeling.
 Verification of material and quantities for each equipment.
 Test of cubicles internal illumination.
 Check of Spare Parts and quantities.

Power Line Carrier Terminal

 Functional checks on two simulated PLC links, one for communication

 on overhead transmission line and the other on underground power cable.

 Measurement of regulated power supply outputs.

 Measurement of transmit and receive frequencies.
 Measurement of transmitter power and received level.
 Level adjustments for transmitter, teleoperation and telephony.
 Automatic gain control (AGC) settings.
 Frequency response over the specified bandwidth.
 Measurement of cross-talk.
 Verification of configuration and diagnostics (if any) software.
 Functional tests of indications and alarms.
 Check of service telephone.

Coupling Device.

 Drain Coil:

 measurement of impedance at power frequency,

 current carrying capacity at power frequency of 1A rms continuous, and
 current carrying capacity at power frequency of 50A rms for 0.2 seconds.

 Composite loss over the working range of the coupling filter.

 Return loss over the working range of the coupling filter.
 Power frequency voltage tests on the balancing transformer of
 5kV rms for 1 minute between each coil and earth, and between
 each coil and screen.

HF Coaxial Cable

 Visual check of drum and cable sample.

 Measurement of characteristic impedance.
 Measurement of attenuation in frequency range 24 -1000 kHz.
 Measurement of conductor resistance.
 Measurement of insulation resistance.
 Measurement of mutual capacitance.
 High voltages withstand capability.
Line Traps

Routine tests on line traps shall be performed in accordance with IEC 60353 and shall
include, as a minimum:
 Measurement of rated inductance of the main coil.
 Measurement of power frequency inductance of the main coil.
 Measurement of blocking resistance and blocking impedance.
 Measurement of tapping loss and tapping loss based on the blocking
resistance.
 Measurement of frequency range of the tuning units.