3.4.1.

Analisa Data, Tabel, dan Grafik

Pembukaan katup 2%
P
ρud = R × T

102524,9
=
287,1× 301
= 1,186 kg/m3
1. Beda tekanan statik dengan tekanan stagnasi (ΔP)
 Sudut 20°
ΔP = ρoli × g × Pdin
−2
= (SGoli × ρair) × 9,81 × ( |Pstag−Pstatis|×10 )
= (0,835 × 997) × 9,81 × (|0−0,4|× 10−2 )
= 832,5 × 9,81 × 4×10−3
= 32,7 N/m2

 Sudut 10°
ΔP = ρoli × g × Pdin
−2
= (SGoli × ρair) × 9,81 × ( |Pstag−Pstatis|×10 )
= (0,835 × 997) × 9,81 × (|0−0,4|× 10−2 )
= 832,5 × 9,81 × 4×10−3
= 32,7 N/m2

 Sudut 5°
ΔP = ρoli × g × Pdin
−2
= (SGoli × ρair) × 9,81 × ( |Pstag−Pstatis|×10 )
= (0,835 × 997) × 9,81 × (|0−0,4|× 10−2 )
= 832,5 × 9,81 × 4×10−3
= 32,7 N/m2

 Sudut 0°
ΔP = ρoli × g × Pdin
−2
= (SGoli × ρair) × 9,81 × ( |Pstag−Pstatis|×10 )
= (0,835 × 997) × 9,81 × (|0−0,4|× 10−2 )
= 832,5 × 9,81 × 4×10−3
= 32,7 N/m2

 Sudut -5°
ΔP = ρoli × g × Pdin
−2
= (SGoli × ρair) × 9,81 × ( |Pstag−Pstatis|×10 )
= (0,835 × 997) × 9,81 × (|0−0,25|×10−2 )
 = 832,5 × 9,81 × 25×10−4
= 20,42 N/m2
 Sudut -10°
ΔP = ρoli × g × Pdin
−2
= (SGoli × ρair) × 9,81 × ( |Pstag−Pstatis|×10 )
= (0,835 × 997) × 9,81 × (|0−0,25|×10−2 )
= 832,5 × 9,81 × 25×10−4
= 20,42 N/m2

 Sudut -20°
ΔP = ρoli × g × Pdin
−2
= (SGoli × ρair) × 9,81 × ( |Pstag−Pstatis|×10 )
= (0,835 × 997) × 9,81 × (|0−0,4|× 10−2 )
= 832,5 × 9,81 × 4×10−3
= 32,7 N/m2

2. Kecepatan udara dalam wind tunnel (V)

 Sudut 20°
2 × ΔP
V=
√
ρ ud

2 ×32,7
=
√ 1,186

= 7,43 m/s

 Sudut 10°
2 × ΔP
V=
√
ρ ud

2 ×32,7
=
√ 1,186

= 7,43 m/s

 Sudut 5°
2 × ΔP
V=
√
ρ ud

2 ×32,7
=
√ 1,186

= 7,43 m/s
  Sudut 0°
2 × ΔP
V=
√ρ ud

2 ×32,7
=
√ 1,186

= 7,43 m/s

 Sudut -5°
2 × ΔP
V=
√ρ ud

2 ×20,42
=
√ 1,186

= 5,87 m/s

 Sudut -10°
2 × ΔP
V=
√ρ ud

2 ×20,42
=
√ 1,186

= 5,87 m/s

 Sudut -20°
2 × ΔP
V=
√ρ ud

2 ×32,7
=
√ 1,186

= 7,43 m/s

3. Bilangan Reynolds (Re)

 Sudut 20°
V ×c
Re =
v
7,43× 0,152
=
1,63 × 10−5
 = 69285,9

 Sudut 10°
V ×c
Re =
v
7,43× 0,152
=
1,63 × 10−5
= 69285,9

 Sudut 5°
V ×c
Re =
v
7,43× 0,152
=
1,63 × 10−5
= 69285,9

 Sudut 0°
V ×c
Re =
v
7,43× 0,152
=
1,63 × 10−5
= 69285,9

 Sudut -5°
V ×c
Re =
v
5,87× 0,152
=
1,63× 10−5
= 54738,6

 Sudut -10°
V ×c
Re =
v
5,87× 0,152
=
1,63× 10−5
= 54738,6

 Sudut -20°
V ×c
Re =
v
7,43× 0,152
=
1,63 × 10−5
= 69285,9
4. Gaya Lift (FL)
 Sudut 20°
b ×cos θ
FL = × Pstag × dx
3
0,3948× cos 20
= × ρoli × g × 10-2 × 0,09596
3
0,3948× cos 20
= × 832,5 × 9,81 × 10-2 × 0,09596
3
= 0,972 N

 Sudut 10°
b ×cos θ
FL = × Pstag × dx
3
0,3948× cos 10
= × ρoli × g × 10-2 × 0,04643
3
0,3948× cos 10
= × 832,5 × 9,81 × 10-2 × 0,04643
3
= 0,493 N

 Sudut 5°
b ×cos θ
FL = × Pstag × dx
3
0,3948× cos 5
= × ρoli × g × 10-2 × 0,03784
3
0,3948× cos 5
= × 832,5 × 9,81 × 10-2 × 0,03784
3
= 0,41 N

 Sudut 0°
b ×cos θ
FL = × Pstag × dx
3
0,3948× cos 0
= × ρoli × g × 10-2 × -0,01015
3
0,3948× cos 0
= × 832,5 × 9,81 × 10-2 × -0,01015
3
= -0,11 N

 Sudut -5°
b ×cos θ
FL = × Pstag × dx
3
0,3948× cos−5
= × ρoli × g × 10-2 × -0,0684
3
0,3948× cos−5
= × 832,5 × 9,81 × 10-2 × -0,0684
3
 = -0,73 N

 Sudut -10°
b ×cos θ
FL = × Pstag × dx
3
0,3948× cos−10
= × ρoli × g × 10-2 × -0,10816
3
0,3948× cos−10
= × 832,5 × 9,81 × 10-2 × -0,10816
3
= -1,14 N

 Sudut -20°
b ×cos θ
FL = × Pstag × dx
3
0,3948× cos−20
= × ρoli × g × 10-2 × -0,0976
3
0,3948× cos−20
= × 832,5 × 9,81 × 10-2 × -0,0976
3
= -0,98 N

5. Kecepatan Suara (Vs)

 Sudut 20°
Vs = √ K × R ×T
= √ 1,4 ×287,1 ×301
= 347,8 m/s

 Sudut 10°
Vs = √ K × R ×T
= √ 1,4 ×287,1 ×301
= 347,8 m/s

 Sudut 5°
Vs = √ K × R ×T
= √ 1,4 ×287,1 ×301
= 347,8 m/s

 Sudut 0°
Vs = √ K × R ×T
= √ 1,4 ×287,1 ×301
= 347,8 m/s
 Sudut -5°
Vs = √ K × R ×T
= √ 1,4 ×287,1 ×301
= 347,8 m/s
  Sudut -10°
Vs = √ K × R ×T
= √ 1,4 ×287,1 ×301
= 347,8 m/s

 Sudut -20°
Vs = √ K × R ×T
= √ 1,4 ×287,1 ×301
= 347,8 m/s

6. Mach Number (Ma)

 Sudut 20°
Vb
Ma =
Vs
7,43
=
347,8
= 0,021

 Sudut 10°
Vb
Ma =
Vs
7,43
=
347,8
= 0,021

 Sudut 5°
Vb
Ma =
Vs
7,43
=
347,8
= 0,021

 Sudut 0°
Vb
Ma =
Vs
7,43
=
347,8
= 0,021

 Sudut -5°
Vb
Ma =
Vs
 5,87
=
347,8
= 0,017

 Sudut -10°
Vb
Ma =
Vs
5,87
=
347,8
= 0,017

 Sudut -20°
Vb
Ma =
Vs
7,43
=
347,8
= 0,021

7. Koefisien Lift (CL)

 Sudut 20°
2× F L
CL =
ρud ×V 2 ×b × c
2 ×0,972
=
1,186× 7,432 × 0,3948 ×0,152
= 0,495

 Sudut 10°
2× F L
CL =
ρud ×V 2 ×b × c
2 ×0,493
=
1,186× 7,432 × 0,3948 ×0,152
= 0,25

 Sudut 5°
2× F L
CL =
ρud ×V 2 ×b × c
2 ×0,41
=
1,186× 7,432 × 0,3948 ×0,152
= 0,21

 Sudut 0°
2× F L
CL =
ρud ×V 2 ×b × c
 2×−0,11
=
1,186× 7,432 × 0,3948 ×0,152
= -0,056

 Sudut -5°
2× F L
CL =
ρud ×V 2 ×b × c
2 ×−0,73
=
1,186× 5,872 ×0,3948 ×0,152
= -0,59

 Sudut -10°
2× F L
CL =
ρud ×V 2 ×b × c
2 ×−1,14
=
1,186× 5,872 ×0,3948 ×0,152
= -0,59

 Sudut -20°
2× F L
CL =
ρud ×V 2 ×b × c
2 ×−0,98
=
1,186× 7,432 × 0,3948 ×0,152
= -0,49

Pembukaan katup 4 %
P
ρud = R × T

102524,9
=
287,1× 301
= 1,186 kg/m3
1. Beda tekanan statik dengan tekanan stagnasi (ΔP)
 Sudut 20°
ΔP = ρoli × g × Pdin
 −2
= (SGoli × ρair) × 9,81 × ( |Pstag−Pstatis|×10 )
= (0,835 × 997) × 9,81 × (|0−0,4|× 10−2 )
= 832,5 × 9,81 × 14×10−3
= 114,3 N/m2

 Sudut 10°
ΔP = ρoli × g × Pdin
−2
= (SGoli × ρair) × 9,81 × ( |Pstag−Pstatis|×10 )
= (0,835 × 997) × 9,81 × (|0−0,4|× 10−2 )
= 832,5 × 9,81 × 12×10−3
= 114,3 N/m2

 Sudut 5°
ΔP = ρoli × g × Pdin
−2
= (SGoli × ρair) × 9,81 × ( |Pstag−Pstatis|×10 )
= (0,835 × 997) × 9,81 × (|0−0,4|× 10−2 )
= 832,5 × 9,81 × 16×10−3
= 130,63 N/m2

 Sudut 0°
ΔP = ρoli × g × Pdin
−2
= (SGoli × ρair) × 9,81 × ( |Pstag−Pstatis|×10 )
= (0,835 × 997) × 9,81 × (|0−0,4|× 10−2 )
= 832,5 × 9,81 × 18×10−3
= 147 N/m2

 Sudut -5°
ΔP = ρoli × g × Pdin
−2
= (SGoli × ρair) × 9,81 × ( |Pstag−Pstatis|×10 )
= (0,835 × 997) × 9,81 × (|0−0,25|×10−2 )
= 832,5 × 9,81 × 16×10−4
= 130,67 N/m2

 Sudut -10°
ΔP = ρoli × g × Pdin
−2
= (SGoli × ρair) × 9,81 × ( |Pstag−Pstatis|×10 )
= (0,835 × 997) × 9,81 × (|0−0,25|×10−2 )
= 832,5 × 9,81 × 14×10−4
= 98,0 N/m2

 Sudut -20°
ΔP = ρoli × g × Pdin
 −2
= (SGoli × ρair) × 9,81 × ( |Pstag−Pstatis|×10 )
= (0,835 × 997) × 9,81 × (|0−0,4|× 10−2 )
= 832,5 × 9,81 × 14×10−3
= 114,3 N/m2

2. Kecepatan udara dalam wind tunnel (V)

 Sudut 20°
2 × ΔP
V=
√ρ ud

2 ×114,3
=
√ 1,186

= 13,88 m/s

 Sudut 10°
2 × ΔP
V=
√ρ ud

2 ×114,3
=
√ 1,186

= 13,88 m/s

 Sudut 5°
2 × ΔP
V=
√ρ ud

2 ×130,67
=
√ 1,186

= 14,84 m/s

 Sudut 0°
2 × ΔP
V=
√ρ ud

2 ×147
=
√ 1,186

= 15,74 m/s
  Sudut -5°
2 × ΔP
V=
√ρ ud

2 ×130,67
=
√ 1,186

= 14,84 m/s

 Sudut -10°
2 × ΔP
V=
√ρ ud

2 × 98
=
√ 1,186

= 12,85 m/s

 Sudut -20°
2 × ΔP
V=
√ρ ud

2 ×114,3
=
√ 1,186

= 13,88 m/s

3. Bilangan Reynolds (Re)

 Sudut 20°
V ×c
Re =
v
13,88× 0,152
=
1,63 × 10−5
= 129433,12

 Sudut 10°
V ×c
Re =
v
13,88× 0,152
=
1,63 × 10−5
= 129433,12
  Sudut 5°
V ×c
Re =
v
14,84 ×0,152
=
1,63× 10−5
= 138385,28

 Sudut 0°
V ×c
Re =
v
15,74 ×0,152
=
1,63× 10−5
= 146777,91

 Sudut -5°
V ×c
Re =
v
14,84 ×0,152
=
1,63× 10−5
= 138385,28

 Sudut -10°
V ×c
Re =
v
12,85× 0,152
=
1,63 × 10−5
= 119828,22

 Sudut -20°
V ×c
Re =
v
13,88× 0,152
=
1,63 × 10−5
= 129433,12

4. Gaya Lift (FL)

 Sudut 20°
b ×cos θ
FL = × Pstag × dx
3
0,3048× cos 20
= × ρoli × g × 10-2 × 0,35148
3
0,3048× cos 20
= × 832,5 × 9,81 × 10-2 × 0,35148
3
= 2,726 N
 Sudut 10°
b ×cos θ
FL = × Pstag × dx
3
0,3048× cos 10
= × ρoli × g × 10-2 × 0,32918
3
0,3048× cos 10
= × 832,5 × 9,81 × 10-2 × 0,32918
3
= 2,688 N

 Sudut 5°
b ×cos θ
FL = × Pstag × dx
3
0,3048× cos 5
= × ρoli × g × 10-2 × 0,14028
3
0,3048× cos 5
= × 832,5 × 9,81 × 10-2 × 0,14028
3
= 1,16 N

 Sudut 0°
b ×cos θ
FL = × Pstag × dx
3
0,3048× cos 0
= × ρoli × g × 10-2 × -0,13188
3
0,3048× cos 0
= × 832,5 × 9,81 × 10-2 × -0,13188
3
= -1,314 N

 Sudut -5°
b ×cos θ
FL = × Pstag × dx
3
0,3048× cos−5
= × ρoli × g × 10-2 × -0,31088
3
0,3048× cos−5
= × 832,5 × 9,81 × 10-2 × -0,31088
3
= -2,57 N

 Sudut -10°
b ×cos θ
FL = × Pstag × dx
3
0,3048× cos−10
= × ρoli × g × 10-2 × -0,2472
3
0,3048× cos−10
= × 832,5 × 9,81 × 10-2 × -0,2472
3
= -2,02 N
  Sudut -20°
b ×cos θ
FL = × Pstag × dx
3
0,3048× cos−20
= × ρoli × g × 10-2 × -0,47621
3
0,3048× cos−20
= × 832,5 × 9,81 × 10-2 × -0,47621
3
= -3,71 N

5. Kecepatan Suara (Vs)

 Sudut 20°
Vs = √ K × R ×T
= √ 1,4 ×287,1 ×301
= 347,8 m/s

 Sudut 10°
Vs = √ K × R ×T
= √ 1,4 ×287,1 ×301
= 347,8 m/s

 Sudut 5°
Vs = √ K × R ×T
= √ 1,4 ×287,1 ×301
= 347,8 m/s

 Sudut 0°
Vs = √ K × R ×T
= √ 1,4 ×287,1 ×301
= 347,8 m/s

 Sudut -5°
Vs = √ K × R ×T
= √ 1,4 ×287,1 ×301
= 347,8 m/s

 Sudut -10°
Vs = √ K × R ×T
= √ 1,4 ×287,1 ×301
= 347,8 m/s

 Sudut -20°
Vs = √ K × R ×T
= √ 1,4 ×287,1 ×301
= 347,8 m/s
6. Mach Number (Ma)
 Sudut 20°
Vb
Ma =
Vs
13,88
=
347,8
= 0,039

 Sudut 10°
Vb
Ma =
Vs
13,88
=
347,8
= 0,039

 Sudut 5°
Vb
Ma =
Vs
14,84
=
347,8
= 0,0426

 Sudut 0°
Vb
Ma =
Vs
15,74
=
347,8
= 0,045

 Sudut -5°
Vb
Ma =
Vs
14,84
=
347,8
= 0,0426

 Sudut -10°
Vb
Ma =
Vs
12,85
=
347,8
= 0,037

 Sudut -20°
 Vb
Ma =
Vs
13,88
=
347,8
= 0,39

7. Koefisien Lift (CL)

 Sudut 20°
2× F L
CL =
ρud ×V 2 ×b × c
2 ×2,726
=
1,186× 13,882 × 0,3048 ×0,152
= 0,515

 Sudut 10°
2× F L
CL =
ρud ×V 2 ×b × c
2 ×2,688
=
1,186× 13,882 × 0,3048 ×0,152
= 0,508

 Sudut 5°
2× F L
CL =
ρud ×V 2 ×b × c
2 ×1,16
=
1,186× 14,842 ×0,3048 ×0,152
= 0,19

 Sudut 0°
2× F L
CL =
ρud ×V 2 ×b × c
2 ×−1,314
=
1,186× 15,742 ×0,3048 ×0,152
= -1,23

 Sudut -5°
2× F L
CL =
ρud ×V 2 ×b × c
2 ×−2,57
=
1,186× 14,842 ×0,3048 ×0,152
= -0,42

 Sudut -10°
 2× F L
CL =
ρud ×V 2 ×b × c
2 ×−2,02
=
1,186× 12,85× 0,3048 ×0,152
= -0,44

 Sudut -20°
2× F L
CL =
ρud ×V 2 ×b × c
2×−3,71
=
1,186× 13,882 × 0,3048 ×0,152
= -0,701

3.4.3 Tabel Data Hasil Perhitungan

No θ(°) ρ ud(kg/m3) ∆P(N/m2) V(m/s) Re dx FL(N) VS(m/s) Ma CL

1 20 1,186 32,7 7,43 69285,9 0,09596 0,972 347,8 0,021 0,495

2 10 1,186 32,7 7,43 69285,9 0,04643 0,493 347,8 0,021 0,25

3 5 1,186 32,7 7,43 69285,9 0,03784 0,41 347,8 0,021 0,21

4 0 1,186 32,7 7,43 69285,9 -0,01015 -0,11 347,8 0,021 -0,056

5 -5 1,186 20,42 5,87 54738,6 -0,0684 -0,73 347,8 0,017 -0,59

6 -10 1,186 20,42 5,87 54738,6 -0,10816 -1,14 347,8 0,017 -0,59

7 -20 1,186 32,7 7,43 69285,9 -0,0976 -0,98 347,8 0,021 -0,49
Pembukaan Katup 2%

ρ ud(kg/m3 F L(N
No θ(°) ∆ P ¿) V(m/s) Re dx VS(m/s) Ma CL
) )
129433,1 0,3514 0,51
1 20 1,186 114,3 13,88 2,726 347,8 0,039
2 8 5
129433,1 0,3291 0,50
2 10 1,186 114,3 13,88 2,688 347,8 0,039
2 8 8
 0,1402 0,042
3 5 1,186 130,6 14,84 13838,28 1,86 347,8 0,19
8 6
-
146777,9 - -
4 0 1,186 147 16,74 0,1318 347,8 0,045
1 1,314 1,23
8
-
138385,2 0,042 -
5 -5 1,136 130,67 14,84 0,2471 -2,57 347,8
8 6 0,42
7
-
119828,2 -
6 -10 1,186 98,0 12,85 0,2471 -2,02 347,8 0,037
2 0,44
7
- -
7 -20 1,186 114,3 13,88 129433 0,4762 -3,71 347,8 0,039 0,70
1 1
Pembukaan Katup 4%

3.4.4 Grafik
Pembukaan Katup 2%
 1.5

0.5

0
FL(N)

-0.5

-1

-1.5
20 10 5 0 -5 -10 -20

θ(°)

Grafik θ terhadap FL

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
CL

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8
20 10 5 0 -5 -10 -20
θ(°)

Grafik θ terhadap CL
 1.5

0.5

0
FL(N)

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0.5 0.25 0.21 -0.06 -0.59 -0.59 -0.49
CL

Grafik CL terhadap FL

80000

70000

60000

50000

40000
Re

30000

20000

10000

0
7.43 7.43 7.43 5.87 5.87 7.43
V (m/s)

Grafik V terhadap Re
 0.15

0.1

0.05

0
dx

-0.05

-0.1

-0.15
20 10 5 0 -5 -10 -20
θ(°)

Grafik θ terhadap dx

Pembukaan Katup 4%
4

0
FL(N)

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
20 10 5 0 -5 -10 -20
θ(°)

Grafik θ terhadap FL
 1

0.5

0
CL

-0.5

-1

-1.5
20 10 5 0 -5 -10 -20
θ(°)

Grafik θ terhadap CL

0
FL(N)

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
0.52 0.51 0.19 -1.23 -0.42 -0.44 -0.7
CL

Grafik CL terhadap FL
 160000

140000

120000

100000

80000
Re

60000

40000

20000

0
13.88 14.84 16.74 14.84 12.85 13.88
V (m/s)
Grafik V terhadap Re

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1
dx

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3
20 10 5 0 -5 -10 -20
θ(°)

Grafik θ terhadap dx