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LTE PROTOCOL TESTING

TOOLS USED IN TESTING THE PROTOCOLS:

1. QXDM (QUALCOMM proprietary tool) for capturing the UE side logs.

2. QCAT (QUALCOMM proprietary tool) for .isf files analysis of UE side logs.

3. Dumping the binaries into chipset and testing the code of different
layers using different type of test scenarios.

4. Writing the test cases for different scenarios.

5. Guest Lecture from different Industry Expert.

6. Basic of 5G-NR and ORAN.

LTE (LONG TERM EVOLUTION):

1. Architecture of LTE with different Nodes UE, eNode-B, MME, HSS,

SGW, PGW, PCRF, PDN, IMS
2. Different interfaces with LTE-UU, S1-MME, X2AP,S1-U,
S11,S6a,S10,S5/S8,Gx/S7, Rx, SGi.
3. Protocol stack overview between different Nodes LTE-UU (Phy,
MAC,PDCP, RLC, RRC, NAS, RRM, SON, OAM).
4. protocol stack over view X2-ap(X2AP,SCTP,IP,L1/L2),S1-
MME(L1/L2,IP,SCTP,S1- AP), S1-U (L1/L2, IP, UDP, GTP-U,
UserPDU).
5. Protocol stack Overview S-10(L1/L2, IP, UDP, GTP-C),
S6a (L1/L2, IP, SCTP, DIAMETER,
S6aApp),S11(L1/L2,IP,UDP,GTP-C).
6. Protocol Overview S5/S8 (L1/L2, IP,UDP,GTP-c, GTP-U, User-PDU),
Gx(L1/L2,IP,SCTP,DIAMETER,GxApp),Rx/SGi(L1/L2, IP, SCTP,
DIAMETER, RxApp).
7. Radio Interface Basics (FDD, TDD, ULEARFCN, DLEARFCN).
8. Channels (Logical, Transport, Physical).

LTE/NR(5G)-HARDWARE DESIGN ARCHITECTURE OF

ENODE-B, UE:
1. Enode-B/gNode-B, UE Hardware Overview.
2. Enode-B/gNode-B, UE Schematic Diagram, Exterior Design.
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3. Enode-B/gNode-B, UE High Level Design.
4. Enode-B/gNode-B, UE Interfaces.

LTE/NR(5G)- SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE:

PHYSICAL-LAYER –L1 STACK

1. Frequency Bands in FDD and TDD, OFDM, SCFDMA, UE-Bandwidths,
1. QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, MIMO.
2. Frame Structure, Resource Block(RB), RBG, RE, REG,CCE, Aggregation
Level.
3. Resources allocated for different Physical channels in FDD frame.
4. Resources allocated for different physical channels in TDD and TDD frame
Type 0 to3
5. Mobility Area (PCI, TAC, PLMN), UE- Identities (IMSI, C-RNTI, GUTI, S1AP-
UEid).
6. EPS Mobility and Connection states (MM, CC, Registered and De-Registered).
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7. Synchronization procedure, Power Control Mechanism, Random Access

8. DCI(PDCCH), UCI(PUCCH) Mechanism, Reference Signal, PUSCH hopping

LTE-L2-STACK REAL MAC STACK (SOFTWARE)

1. Internal Architectural design of MAC.

2. Transport Blocks, Transport Block Set, TTI, RACH , RAR Mechanism.
3. MAC Scheduler working process with Round-Robin Algorithm.
4. L1-L2 FAPI Messages with small cell forum with API.
5. HARQ Mechanism for FDD and TDD.
6. CQI, PMI, RI, MCS, SRS working mechanism.
7. BSR, PHR, SR, Uplink Time Alignment working Mechanism.
8. DRX, PCH, BCH Reception.
9. Channel mapping of Logical to Transport to Physical.
10. MAC, PDU and SDU structure for different types of data transmission.
11. Throughput Analysis, Real Time issues in Scheduling.

RLC (RADIO LINK CONTROL)

1. RLC Architecture Design.
2. RLC TM, UM, AM mode entities.
3. PDU and SDU structures.
4. Channel Mapping.
5. Parameters SN, E, LI, FI, SO, Poling bits, reserved bits.

PDCP (PACKET DATA CONVERGENCE PROTOCOL)

1. PDCP Procedures and Design.
2. PDCP Header Compression.
3. PDCP Ciphering and Encryption.
4. PDCP PDU and SDU structures.

RRC (RADIO RESOURCE CONTROL)

1. RRC Architecture and UE states.
2. ETWS and CMAS Notification.
3. MIB, SIB-1 to SIB-13.
4. RRC connection Control and Paging.
5. RRC Connection Establishment and Initial Security Activation.
6. RRC Connection Reconfiguration and Counter Check.
7. RRC Connection Re-Establishment and RRC Connection Release.
8. Radio Resource Configuration.
9. IRAT Mobility, Handover to EUTRAN.
10. Measurement Configuration, Measurement Report Triggering, Events (A1 to
A5).
11. UE Capability Transfer, UL/DL Information Transfer.
12. CSFB (Circuit Switch Fall Back), VOLTE(Voice Over LTE).
13. MBMS.
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14. RRC Messages and Information Elements for different Messages.

15. Counters, Timers and Constants.
16. Security Keys and Algorithms.

RRM
1. Measurement Evaluation of Inter frequency and Intra freq cells.
2. EUTRAN Handover decision for FDD and TDD.
3. RRC Connection Mobility Control, Radio Link Monitoring.
4. Measurement control, Cell Setup.
5. RRM internal Message communication with RRC and OAM.

SON
1. RACH Optimization.
2. Mobility Load Balancing.
3. Automatic Neighbor detection.
4. OAM Related Activities.

5G/NR:
1. NG-RAN Architecture
2. NR air interface
3. Network Access and connection setup
4. Registration and PDU session setup
5. DL-UL data transfer
6. Mobility and HO
7. New feature in NR
8. RRC,RLC,MAC,PHY,SDAP layer

GENERAL SCENARIOSLTE/NR(5G):
1. LTE/NR Random Access Procedure and Contention Resolution.
2. LTE/NR Attach Default Bearer setup flow.
3. S1AP of LTE Attach.
4. Tracking Area Update.
5. LTE Security Keys and Algorithms.
6. X2-Ap, S1-Ap Handover Algorithm
7. VO-LTE Call Flow.
8. Inter Frequency Handover.
9. Intra Frequency Handover.
10. ANR (Automatic Neighbor Relation).

ORAN:
1. Introduction: History When, Why and What.
2. Architectural difference 4G RAN Architecture Versus 5G RAN architecture
3. What is CU, DU and RU.
4. High Level Architecture of ORAN.
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5. Interfaces in ORAN.
6. CPRI and eCPRI.
7. Different Types of PLANES.
8. Functional Spilt in ORAN.
9. Working Group (WGs)
10.Use Cases
11.Challanges in ORAN.
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SPECIAL FEATURE:

1. Work on Real ENode-B, UE (Hardware).

2. Work on Real Software based on C-Code on Hardware.
3. Real Time Test Cases Execution and their Analysis.
4. Real time Test Script Execution on Hardware bases on shell scripting.
5. Real Time Tools for Testing and Bug Analysis.

JOIN AS FRESHER AND GO AS AN EXPERIENCED LTE

SOFTWARE ENGINEER IN TESTING

Team techlteworld
techlteworld@gmail.com

www.techlteworld.com