Chronology May 16, 1978-August 15, 1978

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Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Autumn, 1978), pp. 457-469
Published by: Middle East Institute
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4325798 .
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 CHRONOLOGY

May 16, 1978-August 15, 1978

Arab Israeli Conflict June 3: The death toll from the bus explosion rose to
6. [NYT}
(See also, Lebanon) June 4: The Israeli Cabinet met to discuss US ques-
tions about the Israeli position concerning the West
1978 Bank. [NYT}
June 6: Egyptian President Sadat told troops stationed
May 17: Israeli bulldozers demolished 12 Bedouin huts
at Sinai they were being trained "for the completion
that were standing on expropriated land south of
of the battle of liberation" if Israel continued "not
Dimona. The Bedouins claimed part of the ex-
to understand what is behind the peace initiative."
propriated land. [JP}
[NYTI
May 18: The New York Times reported that Israeli
Gunmen in the West Bank set fire to an Israeli
Defense Minister Ezer Weizman had proposed an
bus after forcing the driver out. [NYTI
expansion of 6 settlements in the West Bank and
Sami Esmail, an Arab-American, was convicted in
a halt to new settlements. [NYT)
Israel of having joined the Popular Front for the
May 20: Three Arab terrorists opened fire on pas-
Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). He was acquitted
sengers in the departure lounge at Orly Airport
of charges of contact with a foreign agent. [NYT]
in France. The terrorists and a policeman were
June 7: The Jewish nationalist group Gush Emunim
killed in ensuing gunfire. [NYT]
called for the confiscation of Arab land to permit
May 23: The mayor of Bethlehem said he had been
further Jewish settlement on the West Bank. [NYT}
officially informed that about 80,000 acres of land
The New YorkTimes reported that Sadat had said he
near Bethlehem owned by Arabs living abroad would
had rejected in March an Israeli plan to return all of
be handed over to an Israeli "custodian of absentee
Sinai to Egypt in exchange for a separate peace.
property." [NYTI
[NYT}
May 25: The Israeli Supreme Court ordered a tem-
June 12: Four guerrillas attacked the Israeli settlement
porary halt to work on a new Jewish settlement
of Mehola on the West Bank but were driven off.
on the West Bank in order to consider an appeal
Three guerrillas escaped. [NYT}
by West Bank Arabs that land had been il-
An Israeli court sentenced Esmail to 15 months in
legally expropriated for the settlement by the
prison for membership in the PFLP. [NYT]
Israeli military. [NYT]
The Israeli Cabinet again met to consider the US
May 30: Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat said that
questions on Israel policy concerning the West
it should become clear in about 2 months whether
Bank, but the meeting ended inconclusively. [NYT]
his peace initiative had succeeded or failed. [NYTI
June 15: 'All Yasin, the representative of the Palestine
Israeli Defense Minister Weizman acknowledged
Liberation Organization (PLO) in Kuwayt, was
that Israelis authorized to work on an archeological
assassinated in Kuwayt City. [NYT]
dig at Shiloh in the West Bank were building
June 18: The Israeli Cabinet said that after 5 years
homes at the site. [NYT]
of "administrative autonomy in Judea, Samaria and
May 31: The UN Security Council approved a 6
the Gaza district," the nature of future relations
month extension of the UN peacekeeping force in
would be "considered." [NYT]
the Jawlan region. [NYT]
June 19: The Knesset voted 59 to 37 with 10 absten-
Egypt accused Israel in the UN General Assembly
tions to approve the Cabinet statement on the West
of "nuclear collusion" with South Africa. [NYT]
Bank and Gaza. [NYT]
June 2: A bomb exploded on a bus in Jerusalem, June 20: Sadat said that although the Israeli Cabinet
killing 5 people. [NYT) statement was "not positive," he was "optimistic"

List of Abbreviations
CSM, The Christian Science Monitor; EG, Egyptian Gazette; FBIS, Foreign Broadcast Information Service Daily
Report-Middle East and North Africa; JP, The JerusalemPost; MEED, Middle East EconomicDigest; MEES, Middle
East EconomicSurvey; NYT, The New York Times; TDN, Turkish Daily News; WP, The Washington Post.

457
458 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
about the peace initiative and would discuss "any
new plans that Israel will submit." [NYT)
June 21: The US State Department said it "re-
gretted" that the Israeli Cabinet statement on the
West Bank and Gaza "did not fully respond" to
questions the US had posed in April. [NYT}
June 22: US Senator Jacob Javits called the Israeli
Cabinet statement a "disappointment." [NYT]
June 25: The Israeli Cabinet rejected "unreservedly" an
Egyptian peace proposal which had not yet been
formally communicated to Israel by Egypt. [NYT)
June 26: Egyptian Foreign Minister Muhammad Ibrahim
Kamil expressed "astonishment" that Israel would
have rejected an Egyptian peace plan before it had
been "finished or presented." [NYTI
June 27: A proposed resolution that would have accused
Israel of "discrimination"and "racism"in the occupied
territories failed to pass in the International Labour
Organisation when a quorum was not reached. [NYT]
About 2,000 people in the Peace Now movement
demonstrated in Jerusalem against Israeli government
policies. [FBIS]
June 28: US Vice President Walter Mondale an-
nounced he would make a "personal visit" to the
Western Wall in Jerusalem during an upcoming visit
to the Middle East and said Jerusalem Mayor Teddy
Kollek would be welcome to accompany him. [NYTI
A mortar shell remaining from the 1973 Arab
Israeli war exploded in the Egyptian city of Damietta,
killing more than 20 students. [NYT]
June 29: A bomb exploded in the central market of
Jerusalem, killing 2 and injuring 35. [NYT]
June 30: The US condemned al-Fath and its leader,
Yasir 'Arafat, for the bombing of the Jerusalem
market. [NYT]
US Vice President Mondale arrived in Israel for
visits with Israeli leaders. [JP]
Mondale visited the Western Wall and was accom-
panied by Jerusalem Mayor Kollek. [NYT]
July 2: Mondale met with Israeli Premier Menahem
Begin and later said that Israel had agreed to attend
a conference with Egypt and the US in London later
in the month. [NYT]
July 3: Mondale arrived in Egypt for talks with Saidat.
Later Sidat accepted an invitation to talks with Israel
in London. [NYTJ
July 5: An Egyptian peace plan was submitted to Israel.
The plan called for: Israeli withdrawal from the
West Bank and Gaza; a transition period not exceed-
ing 5 years during which Egypt would assume ad-
ministration of Gaza, and Jordan administration of the
West Bank; determination by the Palestinian people
of their own future at the end of the transition
period, and negotiations between Egypt, Jordan,
Israel and representatives of the Palestinian people
on the details of the transitional regime and mutual
security arrangements. [NYT]
July 9.' The Israeli Cabinet rejected the Egyptian peace
plan as "completely unacceptable." [NYT]
Sadat met with Israeli Labor Party leader Shimon
Peres in Vienna. [NYT]
July 10: Austrian Chancellor Bruno Kreisky and
former West German Chancellor Willy Brandt made
public a 4 point plan for Middle East negotiations.
[NYTI
Sadat met with UN Secretary General Kurt Wald-
heim near Salzburg. [NYT)
July 12: A spokesman for delegates to a foreign
ministers conference of the Organization of African
Unity (OAU) said the ministers had condemned
Israeli "aggression" against Lebanon and "intran-
sigence" toward the Egyptian peace initiative. [NYT]
July 13: Sadat met with Weizman in Austria. [JP]
July 15: UK Premier James Callaghan asked that the
upcoming London conference be shifted to a site with
better security. [NYTJ
July 16. The US, Egypt and Israel agreed to hold their
conference at Leeds Castle in Kent. [NYTI
The Israeli Cabinet issued a communique saying
that the "exclusive authority" for negotiating with
nations in a state of war with Israel was "given to the
Government and its authorized representatives."
[NYTI
July 17: The Jerusalem Post reported that during the
meeting between Sadat and Weizman in Austria,
Sadat had indicated that a "territorial gesture" by
Israel to Egypt prior to peace negotiations would be
considered a goodwill gesture in response to Sad-at's
visit to Jerusalem. [JPI
Al-Fath. disclosed that the Iraqi government had
seized an arms plant and a facility for making naval
vessels in Iraq. The 2 factories had been joint ven-
tures between al-Fath and Iraq. [NYTJ
Arab Foreign Ministers met in Belgrade to discuss
Arab unity and strategy. [NYT]
July 18: US Secretary of State Cyrus Vance, Egyptian
Foreign Minister Kamil and Israeli Foreign Minister
Moshe Dayan met at Leeds Castle. Spokesmen for
Israel and Egypt later said a "wide gap" existed be-
tween the 2 countries. [NYTI
July 19: The tripartite meeting at Leeds Castle ended.
US Secretary of State Vance said he would visit the
Middle East in the future for further exchanges.
[NYT]
Israeli Premier Begin and Labor Party leader Peres
clashed in the Knesset over the meeting of Peres with
Sadat in Vienna the week before. [NYT]
July 2: The New YorkTimes cited "sources in Parliament"
as reporting that Begin had refused to authorize a
proposed meeting of Peres with Jordanian King
Husayn. [NYT]
July 22: Sadat said that Begin was "the only obstacle" to
peace in the Middle East. [NYT]
July 23: Israel rejected an Egyptian request that
Israel make a conciliatory gesture by returning the
Sinai town of El Arish to Egyptian administration.
Begin said of the request that "nobody can get any-
thing for nothing." [NYT]
July 24: Israeli Foreign Minister Dayan said Israel would
discuss the sovereignty of the West Bank and Gaza in
5 years if the Arabs accepted in the interim the Israeli
plan granting the West Bank partial autonomy. [NYT]
July 26: Israel said Egypt had ordered the Israeli mili-
tary mission in Egypt to leave the country. [NYT]
 CHRONOLOGY
July 28: A terrorist threw a bomb under the car of the
Iraqi Ambassador in London but the Ambassador
escaped unhurt. [JP]
US Ambassador at Large Alfred Atherton, Jr., left
Jerusalem for meetings in Cairo with Egyptian
leaders. [NYT)
July 29: US Ambassador at Large Atherton met in
Egypt with Kamil concerning further talks between
Egypt and Israel. [NYTI
July 30: Sadat and Atherton met in Egypt. Later Sadat
said he did not favor direct meetings with the Israelis
at the present time and characterized the Israeli posi-
tion as "negative and backward." INYTI
July 31: The US said it was "very disappointed" that
Sadat did not favor direct negotiations at the present
time. [NYTI
An Arab terrorist attacked the Iraqi Embassy in
Paris, held hostages and surrendered to French police.
Iraqi security guards shot and wounded the terrorist
after his arrest and a resulting gun battle left a
French policeman and an Iraqi security guard dead.
[NYT]
Aug. 2: France expelled 3 Iraqi Embassy aids who had
been involved in the gun battle after the seige in
Paris. [NYTI
Two Arabs fired on officials entering the Iraqi
Consulate in Karachi, Pakistan. Police slew 1 of the
terrorists and captured the other. [NYT}
Aug. 3. A bomb exploded in a market in Tel Aviv, killing
1 person and wounding 50. The PLO claimed re-
sponsibility. [NYT]
Israeli jets struck at a "Palestinian training base"
in Lebanon in response to the bombing in Tel Aviv.
[NYTI
Two Arab terrorists murdered the chief repre-
sentative of the PLO and an aide in Paris. The assailants
were captured. [NYT)
The New York Times reported that guerrillas had
shot at the car of the Iraqi Ambassador in Beirut.
The Ambassador was not in the car and no one was
hurt. [NYT}
Aug. 5. Four Arab gunmen broke into the PLO office in
Islamabad and killed 4 people. The attackers escaped.
[NYTI
Vance arrived in Jerusalem for talks with Israeli
leaders on the Middle East situation. [NYTJ
Aug. 6. Vance met with Begin. The talks were described
as "serious, good and useful." [NYTI
Aug. 7. Vance arrived in Alexandria and met with
S-ad-at.{NYT}
Aug. 8: The US said that Sadat and Begin had agreed to
meet with US President Jimmy Carter in September
at Camp David, Maryland. [NYTJ
Aug. 10: Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Fahd met with
Atherton in Saudi Arabia. [FBIS]
Aug. 12: Atherton met with King Husayn in Amman
on the situation in the Middle East. [FBIS]
Aug. 13: A bomb exploded outside the headquarters of
the Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) in Beirut. The
explosion caused an ammunition depot inside the
building to detonate and the building collapsed,
leaving between 150 and 200 people dead. [WP}
459
Israeli Agriculture Minister Ariel Sharon said Israel
planned to establish 5 new settlements on the West
Bank. [WP)
Aug. 14: The Israeli Cabinet decided to postpone plans
to build 5 new settlements on the West Bank until
after the summit meeting at Camp David. [WP}
Aug. 15: The Washington Post reported that PLF leader
Abui al-'Abbis had accused the Popular Front for
the Liberation of Palestine-General Command of
being responsible for the explosion in Beirut 2 days
before. [WP]
General
1978
May 24: Algerian President Houari Boumedienne said
that it was impossible for Algeria to broaden coopera-
tion with France while French military planes were
flying "for the benefit of Morocco and Mauritania."
[MEED)
July 12: The Polisario Front announced a ceasefire to
enable Mauritania "to revise the criminal policies" of
deposed President Mokhtar Ould Daddah. [NYTI
Petroleum Affairs
1978
June 17: The Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC) began a Ministerial Conference in
Geneva. [MEES]
June 18: Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Fahd arrived in
Geneva and was met by Saudi Arabian Oil Minister
Shaykh Ahmad Zaki Yamani. [NYTI
June 19: OPEC announced that the world price of oil
would remain at its current level for the rest of 1978.
[NYTI
July 17: A 3 day meeting in London of the OPEC
Committee of Experts on the Fluctuation of Exchange
Rates ended. No official statement was forthcoming.
[NYT]
July 21: The Chairman of the OPEC Committee of
Experts, Kuwayti Oil Minister Shaykh 'All Khalifah
Al Sabah., said the committee had agreed that oil
prices should be computed in a "basket"of currencies
rather than in the US dollar alone. [NYTI
Afghanistan
(Seealso, Libya, Pakistan)
1978
May 18: Foreign Minister Hafezollah Amin left Kabul
for Havana for a meeting of nonaligned countries.
[FBISJ
460 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
June 13: The Revolutionary Council decided to appoint
13 new members to its ranks. [FBIS)
June 14: Kabul Radio said the government had stripped
former King Zahir Shah and 22 members of the royal 1978
family of their citizenship. [NYT}
July 2: A trade agreement with India was signed in
Kabul. [FBIS]
July 5: Kabul Radio said that Interior Minister Nur
Ahmad Nur had been named Ambassador to the US May 23. The US State Department termed new pro-
and that Vice President and Deputy Premier Babrak
Karmal had been named Ambassador to Czecho-
slovakia. [FBIS}
July 10: Torrential rains and flooding killed 12 people
in Afghanistan along the border with Pakistan. [NYT]
Algeria
(Seealso, General, Libya, Syria)
1978
May 31: Libyan Secretary General Mu'ammar al-
Qadhdhafi met with President Houari Boumedienne July 5. A 3 year cooperation agreement with East
in Algiers. [FBISJ
June 12: South Yemeni Foreign Minister Muhammad July 10.' Turkey withdrew 2 battalions from the "Turkish
$alih Muti' left Algiers at the end of a 2 day visit.
[FBIS}
July 12: Foreign Minister Abdelaziz Bouteflika met with
French President Valery Giscard d'Estaing in Paris.
[FBIS}
July 22: President Boumedienne began a visit to
Yugoslavia. [FBIS]
Egypt defeated Libya in a soccer match at the
Third African Games in Algeria. After the game a fight
broke out between players and coaches of the 2 July 23. Foreign Affairs Minister Nicos Rolandis began
teams. [NYT)
July 23: The Egyptian team at the Third African Games
left for home. [NYT}
The African Football Confederation accused the
Libyan team of responsibility for the fight and expelled
them from the soccer tournament. [NYT}
July 24: Egypt declared it would no longer compete in
sports events held in any of the "rejectionist"
countries. [NYTI
Aug. 1: Foreign Minister Bouteflika met with French
President Giscard in Paris. [FBIS]
Bahrayn
(Seealso, United Arab Amirates)
1978
June 4: Sudanese President Ja'far al-Numayri arrived
in Manama and met with Amir Shaykh 'Isa bin
Salman Al Khalifah. [FBIS]
June 13: Amir Shaykh 'Isa ended an official visit to Iran. May 28: Muhammad Hasanayn Haykal, former editor
[FBIS]
Cyprus
May 22: President of the "self declared" "Turkish
Federated State of Cyprus" Rauf Denkta? offered to
negotiate with Greek Cypriot leaders "in a spirit of
conciliation and flexibility." [NYT]
posals by the Turkish Cypriot leadership "positive and
encouraging." [NYTI
May 24: US Secretary of State Cyrus Vance met in
New York with President of the "Turkish Federated
State of Cyprus" Denkta?. [NYT]
May 27: Greek Premier Constantine Caramanlis said
that a settlement of the Cyprus issue "would auto-
matically lead to Greece's return to the military arm
of NATO and to the lifting of the arms embargo
against Turkey." [NYT}
June 3: US Secretary of State Vance met with President
Spyros Kyprianou in New York. [TDN]
June 16: President Kyprianou left Athens after 2 days of
talks with Greek leaders. [MEED]
Germany was signed in East Berlin. [MEED]
Federated State of Cyprus." [MEED]
July 17. Kyprianou dismissed Tassos Papadopoulos as
chief negotiator in peace talks with the Turkish
Cypriots. [NYTI
July 20. Denkta? proposed immediate discussion on the
structure of an interim administration under the
aegis of the United Nations for the town of Varosha
in preparation for a resettlement of Greek Cypriots
there. [TDNJ
a visit to Bonn. [MEED]
Egypt
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, Algeria, Iran,
Saudi Arabia)
1978
May 17: Police halted publication of the newspaper
al-Ahali. [NYT]
May 21: Egyptians went to the polls in a national referen-
dum to accept or reject proposed curbs on certain
political groups. [NYT}
May 22: It was announced that 98.29% of the votes
had endorsed the proposed political curbs. [NYT]
May 24: Authorities seized the current issue of al-
Aha-li. [NYTI
May 26: It was disclosed that the government had
ordered 30 Egyptian journalists and writers to return
to Egypt to undergo investigation for alleged criticism
of President Anwar al-Sadat. [NYT]
of al-Ahram, and 4 other Egyptian writers were
 CHRONOLOGY
forbidden to travel abroad pending investigation into
allegedly slanderous materials published by them
abroad. [NYT)
The government cancelled a contract for a resort
community planned for a site overlooking the
Pyramids of Giza. [NYT]
June 1: The People's Assembly passed legislation to
curb certain political groups in conformance with the
referendum. [NYTI
June 2: The New Wafd Party disbanded to protest the
new legislation. [NYT]
June 5: The National Unionist Progressive Party said
it would suspend "mass political activity" and cease
publication of al-AhVli to protest the new legislation.
[NYTI
June 6. War Minister Muhammad 'Abd al-Ghani
al-Jamasi arrived in Washington at the start of a 10
day visit to the US. [FBISJ
June 7: A judge overturned a government order that
called for confiscation of the most recent issue of
al-Ahaclj.[NYT}
June 9. US President Jimmy Carter met with War
Minister Jamasi in Washington. [NYT}
June 19: The Egyptian Ambassador to Portugal was
suspended and recalled after he accused the Sd-at
r6gime of hiding "behind a facade of powerless
democratic institutions." [NYT}
June 21: The Union of Arab Journalists accused Sd-at
of "muzzling the Egyptian press and thinkers."
[NYT}
June 22. Sidat met with Guinean President Ahmed
Sekou Toure and Somali President Mohamed Siad
Barre in Alexandria. [FBIS]
July 7: Sadat left Cairo for Vienna. [NYT]
July 8. Sadat met with Austrian Chancellor Bruno
Kreisky in Vienna. [FBIS]
July 11: The National Unionist Progressive Party said
that it would resume publication of al-A&hli. [NYT]
July 12: The New York Times reported that police had
confiscated the latest issue of al-Ahali but the action
had been overturned by Attorney General Ahmad
Musa. [NYT]
July 22: Sadat said he would ask the People's Assembly
to abolish the Arab Socialist Union and allow him to
form an independent party. [NYT]
July 30: Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Fahd arrived in
Alexandria and met with Sidat. [FBIS]
Aug. 14. The first meeting of the National Democratic
Party (NDP), formed by Sidat, was held in Egypt.
The Arab Socialist Union said it would merge with
the NDP. [MEED]
Iran
(Seealso, Bahrayn)
1978
May 16: Riot police clashed with students at Tehran
University. [NYT]
May 22: Muhammad Riza Shah Pahlavi returned to
461
Tehran following state visits to Bulgaria and
Hungary. [FBIS]
The New York Times reported that police had
arrested 15 people after a bomb had exploded in
Qum. [NYTI
May 31. About 2,500 students rioted at Tehran Uni-
versity. [NYT]
June 1: Police used tear gas to break up a demonstra-
tion by female students at Tehran University. [NYT]
June 3: Dormatories at Tehran University were closed
following the riots. [NYT]
June 6: The Shah named Ni'mat Allah Nasiri, the head
of SAVAK, to be Ambassador to Pakistan. [NYTI
June 15: Spanish King Juan Carlos ended a visit to
Tehran during which he had held talks with the Shah.
[MEED]
June 17: A general work slowdown, called for by Muslim
leaders, took place in Qum. Peaceful protests against
the government were also held in Tabriz and other
cities. [NYT]
June 19: The Pan-Iranist Party was officially revived
after its leader and 3 others announced their resigna-
tion from the Rastakhiz Party. [MEED]
Minister of Information Daryu-sh Humay-un said
that membership in the Rastakhiz Party was volun-
tary and there would be no recrimination against
those who left it. [MEED]
June 21: Two Iranianhelicopters entered Soviet airspace
in dense fog. Soviet defense forces shot down 1 of
the helicopters. [NYT]
July 24: A Cabinet reshuffle occurred:
Madhi Safaviyan:Roads & Transport
Nasrullah Muqtadir Mazhdahi: Health & Welfare
Murtaza $&lihi:State & Director of Planning & Budget
Organization
Manuchihr Aga: State [FBIS]
July 25: Riots in Mashhad resulted in the death of 1
policeman. [NYT]
July 27: Jordanian King Hlusayn arrived in Tehran on a
private visit to Iran. [FBIS]
July 29: Egyptian Vice President Husni Mubarak met
with the Shih in Tehran. [FBIS]
It was announced that cholera had broken out in
a desert town and the Port of Minab. [NYT]
Aug. 1. The government confirmed that 7 people had
been killed and more than 300 arrested in riots in 13
towns during the week. [NYT]
Aug. 10. Disturbances in Shiraz left 3 people dead.
About 130 people were arrested. [WP]
Aug. 11: Clashes between police and demonstrators
left 4 people dead in Isfahan. A curfew was imposed.
[WP]
Aug. 12. Demonstrators and police clashed in Shiraz.
Several deaths were reported. [WP]
Aug. 13: A bomb exploded in a restaurant in Tehran,
killing 1 person and injuring 45. [WP]
462 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

May 19: The Orthodox newspaper Shearim reported

Iraq that 2 army lieutenants and 2 sergeants had been
tried and imprisoned in connection with incidents of
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, Kuwayt) brutality towards conscripts with special religious
status. [NYT]
May 28: A Cabinet meeting was postponed owing to
1978 the illness of Premier Menahem Begin. [NYT]
President
May 17: Oil Minister Tayih 'Abd al-Karim left for May 29: Yitzhak Navon was inaugurated fifth
Moscow for talks on bilateral economic coopera- of Israel. [JPJ
tion. [FBIS) June 8: The New York Times reported that Israel had
June 7: Revolution Command Council (RCC) Mem- asked Brazil for the extradition of Gustav Franz
ber Na'im Haddad confirmed that Iraq had executed Wagner for his part in war crimes during World War
21 Communist Party members in May after their con- II. [NYTI
rest
viction on charges of forming secret cells in the armed June 14: Aides to Begin said the Premier would
forces. [NYT] at his residence until the Cabinet meeting the follow-
June 15: South Yemeni Foreign Minister Muh,ammad ing Sunday. [NYT]
$alih Muti' met with Foreign Minister Sa'dun Ham- June 25. The personal physician of the Premier said
madi in Baghdad. [FBIS] Begin had a mild case of diabetes but that otherwise
June 22: Spanish King Juan Carlos met with President he was in "good physical condition." [NYT]
Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr in Baghdad. [FBIS] June 28: West German Foreign Minister Hans Dietrich
June 25: French Defense Minister Yvon Bourges left Genscher met with President Navon in Jerusalem.
Baghdad at the end of a 4 day visit. [FBIS] [FBIS]
a
Afghan Planning Minister Soltan Ali Keshtmand July 3: Students demonstrated in Jerusalem against
left Baghdad at the end of a 5 day visit during which proposed law to exempt women from military service
an economic and cultural cooperation agreement was if they cited religious reservations. [NYT]
signed. [FBIS] July 4: A motion of no confidence over the proposed
July 6: South Yemeni Minister of Industry 'Abd al- draft exemption for women bill was defeated in the
'Aziz 'Abd al-Wali met with RCC Vice Chairman Knesset by 72 to 38. [NYT]
Sadd-amHusayn in Baghdad. [FBIS] The New York Times reported that the US had
July 7: Vice President Taha Muhyi al-Din Ma'riuf agreed to allow Israel to sell Kfir jet fighters to
returned to Baghdad at the end of a tour of Bangla- Taiwan. [NYT]
desh, Sri Lanka and India. [FBIS} July 5. Attorney General Aharon Barak resigned his
July 9. A gunman shot and wounded former Premier post, effective the end of the month. [JP]
had no
'Abd al-Razz-aqal-Nayif in London. Al-Nayif later July 6: The Taiwanese government said it
died of the wounds. [NYT] plans to buy Kfir jets from Israel. [NYT}
July 27: The British Foreign Office announced that 5 July 10: The Knesset appealed to foreign governments
Iraqi diplomats had been ordered to leave the UK of the world to intervene on behalf of dissidents on
because of "terrorist activities" in London. Two em- trial in the Soviet Union. [NYT]
aviation agreement was reached be-
ployees of the Iraqi national airlines and an employee July 15: A civil
of an Iraqi bank were also ordered expelled. [NYT] tween the US and Israel to expand air travel between
Iraq ordered 8 British diplomats and 2 employees the 2 countries. [NYT]
of British Airways to leave the country. [NYT] July 17: The Knesset voted to strip Knesset member
Aug. 2: Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Fahd arrived in Shmuel Rechtman of his parliamentary immunity so
Baghdad and met with President Bakr. [FBIS] that he could face criminal charges of bribery. {JP]
Aug. 12: South Yemeni Finance Minister Fadhil Muhsin July 20: The Knesset voted by 54 to 45 to adopt legisla-
'Abdallih met with RCC Vice Chairman Husayn in tion allowing military exemption for certain women on
Baghdad. [FBIS] religious grounds. [NYT]
July 23: The Cabinet approved Yitzhak Zamir as At-
torney General. [JP]
July 24: Industry and Commerce Minister Yigal Hurvitz
resigned his post to protest a Cabinet decision to in-
Israel crease the budget for the remainder of the fiscal year.
[JP]
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, Lebanon) July 27: The Jerusalem Post reported that Industry and
Commerce Minister Hurvitz had withdrawn his resig-
nation after Begin promised that the Knesset Finance
1978 Committee would trim the supplementary budget.
[JP]
May 16. Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan arrived in
Denmark from Finland and met with Danish Foreign
Minister Knud Andersen. [JP}
 CHRONOLOGY
Jordan
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Syria)
1978
May 16: King Husayn announced that he would marry
Elizabeth Najeeb Halaby. [NYT}
May 22: King Husayn returned to Jordan from Saudi
Arabia at the end of 2 days of talks on Arab solidarity
with Crown Prince Fahd. [NYT]
June 6: Sudanese President Ja'far al-Numayri met with
King Husayn in Amman. [FBISJ
June 8: Amman Domestic Service reported that King
Husayn had named Prince 'Ali as second Crown
Prince. [FBIS}
June 15: King Hjusayn married Elizabeth Halaby in
Amman. She was given the title Queen Nuir al-
Husayn. [NYT}
June 21: King H{usaynand Queen Nuir left Amman on
a private visit to the United Kingdom. [FBIS]
June 24: A trade agreement with Czechoslovakia was
signed in Amman. [FBIS}
July 4: Syrian Minister of Economy Muhammad al-
Imadi and Iraqi Finance Minister Fawzi al-Qaysi met
with Premier Mudar Badran in Amman. [FBIS]
Aug. 1: Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Fahd met with
King Husayn in Amman. [FBIS]
Aug. 11: Middle East EconomicDigest reported that a
National Consultative Council with 60 members had
been set up as an advisory body to the government.
[MEED]
Kuwayt
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, Petroleum Affairs,
Lebanon, Saudi Arabia)
1978
May 18: An Iraqi delegation headed by Interior Minister
'Izzat Ibrihim al-D dri ended 3 days of talks in Kuwayt.
A 10 point cooperation agreement was signed.
[MEED}
May 23: A Kuwayt Oil Company spokesman said that
a fire burning overnight at the Al Manaqish oil fa-
cility had destroyed 3 oil storage tanks and damaged
oil pipelines. [NYT)
June 5: Sudanese President Ja'far al-Numayri met with
Amir Shaykh Jibir al-Ahmad Al $abih in Kuwayt.
[FBIS}
June 25: Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre met
with Amir Shaykh Jibir in Kuwayt. [FBIS]
463
July 3: South Yemeni Industry Minister 'Abd al-'Aziz
'Abd al-Wali arrived in Kuwayt for talks. [FBIS)
Lebanon
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict)
1978
May 17: United Nations Interim Forces in Lebanon
(UNIFIL) troops clashed with Palestinian guerrillas
near Tyre. [NYT]
UNIFIL troops attempted to negotiate the with-
drawal of a group of Palestinian guerrillas who had
set up positions near Kawkaba within UN held
territory. [NYT]
May 19: UN special envoy Roberto Guyer arrived in
Beirut for talks with Lebanese officials and Palestinian
leaders. [NYTI
May 21: The Israeli Cabinet decided to set its final
withdrawal from Lebanon for June 13. [NYT]
May 22: Foreign and Defense Minister Fu'ad Butrus
returned to Beirut from Damascus, where he had held
talks with Syrian President HIafizal-Asad. [FBIS]
May 25: The New York Times reported that Palestine
Liberation Organization (PLO) leader Yasir 'Arafat
had pledged to end the presence of armed guerrillas
in south Lebanon and to cooperate with UN peace-
keeping forces. [NYT]
May 27: The New York Times cited PLO official
Zuhayr Muhsin as saying the PLO would "try to
freeze military activity in southern Lebanon." [NYTI
May 29: UNIFIL charged that some of its forces had
been caught in frequent crossfire between Palestinian
forces in Beaufort Castle and Christian units in
Marj 'Uyun. [NYT]
May 31: Lebanese President Ilyas Sarkis arrived in
Latakia and met with Syrian President Asad. [FBISI
June 1: Presidents Sarkis and Asad ended 2 days of
talks in Latakia. Asad said it had been agreed that it
was necessary for the Lebanese Army to move into
south Lebanon. [NYT]
June 2: UNIFIL Commander Emmanuel Erskine met
with PLO leader'Arafat to discuss artillery exchanges
between Palestinian guerrilla and Christian militia
units in south Lebanon. [NYT]
June 4: The Democratic Front for the Liberation of
Palestine and another Palestinian group issued a state-
ment reaffirming their determination to fight Israeli
forces in south Lebanon. [NYT)
June 5: Premier Salim al-Hus. met with UN Chief
Coordinator for UN Peace Missions Ensio Siilasvuo
on measures to be taken in the south after Israeli
withdrawal. [NYT]
June 9. Israeli naval commandos and paratroops raided
464 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
the Palestinian coastal base of Dhar al-Burj south of
Sidon. Casualties were reported on both sides. [NYT}
June 12: Israel began to evacuate its forces from south
Lebanon. [NYT]
June 13: Israeli military forces completed their
withdrawal from south Lebanon, handing over terri-
tory to Lebanese Christian militia units. {NYT}
Fighting broke out in Ehden between supporters
of the Phalanges Party and those of former President
Sulayman Franjiyyah. At least 25 people, including
Tony Franjiyyah, the former President's son, were
killed. [NYT}
Israeli Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan protested to
the United Nations that UNIFIL troops were treating
Palestinian guerrillas with "indulgence" by permitting
them to re-enter the south. [NYT]
June 14: UN Secretary General Kurt Waldheim criti-
cized Israel for turning over control of evacuated
areas in south Lebanon to Christian militia units
rather than to UNIFIL troops. [NYTI
Funeral services were held for Tony Franjiyyah
and his slain companions. Mourners vowed "revenge
in our traditional style and at the proper time."
[NYT]
Lebanese Premier Huss said UNIFIL troops should
take control of the evacuated areas in the south and
that any other arrangement was "a violation of the
policy of the Lebanese state." [NYT]
Syrian peacekeeping troops entered the town of
Deir al-Ahmar after resistance and detained 15
Phalanges Party militiamen suspected of involvement
in the killing of Franjiyyah. [NYT]
June 19: Lebanese Christian militiamen confirmed they
had arrested their local commanders for seeking to
allow UNIFIL troops to take over positions evacuated
by Israel. [NYT]
The Lebanese military command said that 2
Lebanese patrol vessels had seized an arms ship off
the southern coast but that Israeli gunboats had
taken the ship from them after a battle in Lebanese
waters. [NYT]
June 28: Gunmen raided 4 Christian villages in the
Baalbek area and killed 36 people. [NYT]
June 29: Sarkis met with the Cabinet on the raids on
the Christian villages. [NYT]
July 1: Heavy fighting broke out in a Beirut suburb
between Christian militia and Syrian peacekeeping
troops. The fighting spread to east Beirut. [NYT]
July 2: Heavy fighting between Syrian and Christian
forces continued in Beirut. Martyr's Square came
under rocket fire. [NYT]
Syria said it would strike with an "iron fist" against
those who wanted to partition Lebanon. [NYT]
July 3: Syrian troops encircled and shelled Christian
strongholds of east Beirut. [NYT]
July 4: Fighting between Syrian and Christian forces
marred a ceasefire. [NYT]
July 5: Defense and Foreign Minister Butrus met with
Asad in Damascus on the fighting in Lebanon. [NYTI
Fighting between Syrian and Christian forces
entered its fifth straight day. [NYT]
July 6: Israel warned that it would not permit the
"annihilation" of Lebanese Christians by Syrian
forces. [NYT}
Israeli jet fighters swept low over Beirut. [NYT]
US President Jimmy Carter appealed to "all
parties with influence over the situation" to try to
end the fighting in Lebanon. [NYT]
Sarkis threatened to resign because of the fighting.
[NYTI
July 7. It was reported that Israel had reinforced its
military forces near the borders of Lebanon and Syria
to underscore its warning to Syria. Syria was reported
to have put its armed forces on alert. [NYT]
Syrian forces held their fire in Beirut. [NYT]
July 9. Kuwayti Foreign Minister Shaykh Sabah
al-Ahmad Al Sabih arrived in Lebanon to meet with
Sarkis. [NYT]
July 1 1: Speaker of Parliament Kamal al-As'ad met with
Syrian Premier Muhammad 'Ali al-Halabi in
Damascus. [NYTI
July 12: Former President Camille Sham'un criticized
Sarkis for resigning during "the most serious
situation" ever faced by Lebanon. [NYT]
Guerrillas of the Palestine Liberation Front (PLF),
a Palestinian group supported by Iraq, captured 40
members of the UN peacekeeping force in Tyre and
held them hostage. [NYT}
July 14: Members of al-Fath clashed with guerrillas
of the PLF near Tyre. PLO leaders said the clashes
were to protect the UN forces in Lebanon. [NYTI
July 15: Sarkis withdrew his resignation. [NYTI
July 22. Syrian soldiers clashed with Christian militia
units in the Beirut suburb of Al Hadath. [NYT)
July 23. Fighting continued in Al Hadath between
Syrian and Christian forces. [NYT]
July 24: Syrian artillerymen bombarded Christian posi-
tions in Al Hadath during the night. [NYTI
July 25. Syrian troops renewed shelling of Christian
positions after a 24 hour lull. [NYTJ
July 26: Phalanges Party radio accused the Syrians of
"mad, indiscriminate shelling" and announced at
least 30 Christians had been killed in bombardments
during the nights. [NYT}
July 27: The US State Department said the US had
advised American citizens to leave Lebanon and said
it had begun to reduce its Embassy staff in Beirut.
[NYTI
July 29: Syrian and Christian forces exchanged mortar
fire in the eastern suburbs of Beirut. [NYT]
July 31: Units of the Lebanese Army moved into
south Lebanon and took up positions alongside UN
peacekeeping troops at Kawkaba. Christian militia
blocked the Army from entering Tibnine. [NYT]
Aug. 1: Lebanon accused Israel of responsibility for
disrupting the deployment of regular Lebanese Army
units from the town of Kawkaba by shelling. [NYT]
Aug. 2: UNIFIL forces and a Lebanese Army force in
Kawkaba came under artillery fire from Christian
militia forces. [FBIS]
Aug. 3: Syrian Foreign Minister'Abd al-Halim Khaddam
met with Sarkis in Lebanon. [FBIS]
 CHRONOLOGY 465
The Lebanese Army battalion at Kawkaba came Aug. 9: The People's Republic of China agreed to estab-
under shelling for the fourth straight day. [NYT] lish diplomatic relations with Libya. Peking did not
Syria condemned Israeli opposition to the deploy- require Libya to break relations with Taiwan. [WP]
ment of the Lebanese battalion at Kawkaba as Aug. 12: Foreign Secretary 'Ali 'Abd al-Salam al-Turayki
"aggressive against all of Lebanon" and said it would met with North Korean officials in Pyongyang.
support Lebanese troop deployment in the south. [FBIS]
[NYT}
Aug. 8: Israeli planes flew over Beirut. An Israeli
communiqu6 said the overflight was a warning to
Syrian forces to cease shelling the Christian quarter of Morocco
Beirut. [NYTI
Aug. 10: Syrian troops began pulling back from posi- (Seealso, General, Oman)
tions in Christian areas of east Beirut under a cease-
fire agreement. Sporadic shooting was reported
despite the ceasefire. [WP) 1978
Aug. 11: Syrian gunners fired on Christian positions
in east Beirut. [WPI May 16; Portuguese Premier Mario Soares met with
Aug. 14: Huss arrived in Damascus and met with Asad. King Hasan in Fez. [FBIS]
[FBIS] May 25: Mauritanian President Mokhtar Ould Daddah
Aug. 15. The Lebanese Army command confirmed that met with King Hasan in Fez. [FBIS]
the bulk of a government battalion had pulled out of May 29: Zairian President Mobutu Sese Seko met with
the town of Kawkaba. [JPI King Hasan in Fez on the situation in Zaire. [FBIS]
June 1: Omani Minister of State for Foreign Affairs
Qays 'Abd al-Mun'im al-Zawawi met with King Hasan
Libya in Fez. [FBISJ
June 2: King Hasan announced the formation of a
(Seealso, Algeria, Pakistan, Tunisia) Moroccan expeditionary force that would go to Zaire.
[FBIS]
June 4: US planes airlifted Moroccan troops to the
1978 Shaba province of Zaire. [NYT]
June 6. Secretary General Mu'ammar al-Qadhdhaf-i June 26: Spanish Premier Adolfo Suarez met with King
returned to Libya at the end of a visit to Algeria. Hasan in Fez. [FBIS)
[FBIS] July 3: Belgian Foreign Minister Henri Simonet met
June20: Secretary General Qadhdh.fi arrivedin Czecho- with King Hasan in al-Sukhayrat. [FBISJ
slovakia after ending a 4 day visit to Bulgaria.
[MEED]
June 30: The US barred export of 400 heavy trucks
to Libya because of Libya's "support for terrorist Oman
activities and its efforts to undermine neighboring
governments." [NYT] (Seealso, Morocco)
July 2: Qadhdh-afi met with Maltese Premier Dom
Mintoff in Malta. [FBIS]
July 8: Afghan Planning Minister Soltan Ali Keshtmand
met with General Secretariat Member 'Abd al-Salam
1978
Jallud in Libya. [FBISJ May 26: It was announced in Muscat that Oman and
July 9: South Yemeni Interior Minister $alih Muslih the People's Republic of China had agreed to estab-
Qasim arrived in Tripoli for talks with Libyan lish diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level.
leaders. [MEED] [FBIS]
July 10. General Secretariat Member Jalliud met with May 31: Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Qays
French President Val6ry Giscard d'Estaing in Paris for 'Abd a]-Mun'im al-Zawawi left Muscat for Rabat on
talks on the situation in Chad. [MEED} a visit to Morocco. [FBIS]
July 17. Jallud arrived in New Delhi on a 9 day visit. June 2: Sudanese President Ja'far al-Numayri met with
[FBISJ Sultan Qabus bin Sa'id in Muscat. [MEED)
July 19. Mauritanian Head of State Mustafa Ould June 3: The British Foreign Office disclosed that 5
Mohammad Salek met with Qadhdhafi in Tripoli. British employes of an aviation company had been
[MEEDJ killed by gunmen at a beach in Oman. UP]
July 20. Chadian President F6lix Malloum called on June 14. A Cabinet reshuffle occurred:
members of the Organization of African Unity in Salim Nasir Al Bu Satid: Communications
Khartum to demand the withdrawal of Libyan troops Muhammad 'Abdallah al-Harithi: Electricity &
from Chad. [NYT] Water
Aug. 2: Jalliudmet in Libya with Chairman of the Chad Karim Ahmad al-Harami: Post Telegraph& Telephone
National Liberation Front Goukouni Quedi. [FBIS] {FBIS]
466 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
June 18: The Information Ministry reported that a heli-
copter had crashed the day before in Dhofar, killing
7 people, including 2 British officers. [MEED]
June 20: Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Zawawi
left Muscat on an official visit to Peking. [FBIS]
June 29: Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre left
Muscat at the end of a 2 day visit. [FBIS]
Pakistan
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, Iran)
1978
May 18: A military court sentenced former Minister of
State MairajMohammad Khan to 1 year imprisonment
for violating a martial law ban on political activity.
[FBIS]
June 16: Chinese Vice Premier Keng Piao met with
Chief Martial Law Administrator Mohammad Zia-ul-
Haq in Islamabad. [FBIS]
June 20. Indian and Pakistani troops exchanged border
fire near Rajouri in Kashmir. [FBIS]
June 25. Chief Martial Law Administrator Zia-ul-Haq
said he had abandoned attempts to bring political
parties into a national government and would instead
appoint a Cabinet of his own choosing. [NYT]
July 5: A new Cabinet was sworn in:
Ghulam Ishaque Khan: Finance, Planning & Provin-
cial Coordination
F. A. Chisti: EstablishmentDivision, FederalInvestiga-
tion Commissionand Kashmir & Northern Areas
Fida Mohammad Khan: Housing & Construction
Mustafa Gokal: Shipping, Ports & Export Promotion
Habibullah Khan: Industries & Production
Mahmud Haroon: Interior
Ghulam Hassan Khan: Petroleum& Natural Resources
Jamal Saidmian: States & FrontierRegions
Gul Mohammad Khan Jogezai: Water & Power
Mohammad Ali Khan: Education & Culture
Moiyuddin Baluch: Communications
Sharifuddin Pirzada:Attorney General
Khwaja Mohammad Safdar: Food & Agriculture
Mian Zahid Sarafaraz:Trade
Chaudhri Zahur Elahi: Labor, Manpower & Local
Bodies and Rural Development
Mahmud Ali: State for Social WelfareCouncil
Javed Hashmi: State for Youth & Student Affairs
A. K. Brohi: Law & Parliamentary Affairs and
Minorities & Religious Affairs
Mohammad Khan June jo: Railways
Agha Shahi: State for ForeignAffairs
Hamid Habib: Finance, Trade & EconomicAffairs
& Foreign Trade [FBIS}
July 9. It was reported that torrential rains in the
Frontier and Baluschistan Province had left 26 people
dead. [FBIS}
July 14: Turkish Foreign Minister Gunduz Okiun
met with Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Agha
Shahi in Islamabad. [FBIS]
Aug. 3: Libyan General Secretariat Member 'Abd
al-Salam Jalluid arrived in Islamabad and met with
Zia-ul-Haq. [FBIS]
Aug. 7: An Afghan MIG-17 jet fighter landed in
Pakistani territory and its pilot was detained for
questioning. [NYT)
Aug. 8. Provincial authorities released 33 journalists,
trade union workers and students who had been held
after staging a hunger strike in Karachi. [NYTI
Aug. 10: The Afghan MIG-17 was returned to Afghani-
stan. [FBIS)
Aug. 15: Libyan General Secretariat Member Jallud
arrived in Islamabad on a 3 day visit to Pakistan.
[FBISI
Qatar
1978
June 4: Sudanese President Ja'far al-Numayri met with
Amir Shaykh Khalifah bin Hamad Al Thani in Doha.
[FBIS]
June 15: Sri Lanka Foreign Minister A. C. S. Hameed
concluded a 2 day visit to Qatar. [FBIS)
June 19: Guinean President Ahmed Sekou Toure
arrived in Doha from Kuwayt on a 2 day official visit
and was met by Amir Shaykh Khalifah. [FBISJ
June 25: Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre met
with Amir Shaykh Khalifah in al-Rumaylah Palace.
[FBISI
Saudi Arabia
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, Petroleum Affairs,
Egypt, Jordan, Syria)
1978
May 24: Egyptian Foreign Minister Muh.ammadIbrahim
Kamil met with Crown Prince Fahd and Foreign
Minister Sa'id al-Faysal in Jidda. [FBIS}
May 30: Talks on bilateral cooperation were held in
Paris between King Khalid and French President
Val6ry Giscard d'Estaing. [FBIS]
June 3: King Khalid arrived in Riyadh from Geneva.
[FBIS]
June 7: Sudanese President Ja'far al-Numayri arrived in
Riyadh and was met by King Khalid. [FBIS)
June 14: The New York Times reported that the
United Kingdom had sent a protest to Saudi Arabia
after 2 British subjects had been flogged for brewing
beer. [NYTI
 CHRONOLOGY
June 21: Crown Prince Fahd began a visit to West
Germany. [FBIS]
June 27: Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre met
with King Khilid in Saudi Arabia. [FBIS]
July 4: Yemeni Foreign Minister 'Abdallah al-Asnaj
arrived in Riyadh for talks with Saudi leaders. [FBIS}
July 12: Kuwayti Foreign Minister Shaykh Sabah.
al-Ahmad Al Sabah. met with King Khalid in Saudi
Arabia. [FBIS)
July 13: Sudanese President Numayri left Jidda at the
end of a short visit during which he had held talks with
King Khalid. [FBIS]
July 20: UN Secretary General Kurt Waldheim arrived
in al-Ta'if and met with King Khalid. [FBIS)
July 22: Jordanian King H{usaynarrived in al-Ta-if and
was met by King Khalid. [FBIS]
July 23. Somali President Barre met with King Khalid
in al-Ta-if. [FBISJ
South Yemen
(Seealso, Algeria, Iraq, Kuwayt, Libya, Yemen)
1978
May 22. Defense Minister 'All Ahmad Nasir 'Antar
left South Yemen on a visit to the Soviet Union.
[FBIS}
June 1. Sudanese President Ja'far al-Numayri met with
Chairman of the Presidential Council Salim Rubayyi'
'All in Aden. [FBIS]
June 9: Defense Minister 'Antar returned to Aden from
the Soviet Union at the end of a tour of Eastern
European nations and the USSR. [FBISJ
June 12: Foreign Minister Muhammad $alih. Muti' left
Algiers at the end of a 2 day visit. [MEED]
June 26: Fighting broke out in Aden. The Presidential
Palace was bombed by aircraft and Presidential
Council Chairman 'All surrendered. [FBISJ
'All was executed. [MEED]
Premier 'All N-asir Muhammad was named
Chairman of the Presidential Council. [FBIS]
June 29: The New York Times cited a state radio broad-
cast as reporting that 3 members of the Politburo
had been expelled. [NYT]
July 1. The Supreme People's Council ended an extraor-
dinary session. Aden DomesticServicereported that the
Council had elected a new Presidential Council:
'All Nasir Muhammad: Chairman
'Abd al-Fattah Isma'll, Muhammad $alih Muti',
'All 'Abd al-Razzaq Bathib, 'All Ahmad Nasir
'Antar: Members[FBISJ
July 3. South Yemen accused Yemen of having sent
troops across the border and occupying 2 villages the
day before. [NYT]
July 19. SyrianForeign Minister 'Abd al-Hallm Khaddiam
left Aden at the end of a visit to South Yemen.
[FBIS]
467
Sudan
(Seealso, Bahrayn, Jordan, Kuwayt, Oman, Qatar, Saudi
Arabia, South Yemen, United Arab Amirates, Yemen)
1978
May 17: First Vice President Ab lual-Qasim Muhammad
Ibrahim arrived in Ndjamena and met with Chadian
President Felix Malloum. [FBIS]
May 20: A US State Department delegation met with
President Ja'far al-Numayri in Khartoum for talks
on strengthening bilateral relations. [MEED]
June 1: President Numayri began a tour of Arab states
for talks on a proposed Arab summit meeting in
Khartoum. [MEED]
June 8: Numayri returned to Sudan at the end of an 8
day tour of Arab nations. [FBIS]
Sudan devalued the pound by 14.85% against the
dollar. [MEED]
July 3. Yemeni Foreign Minister 'AbdallIh al-AEnajar-
rived in Khartoum for talks with Sudanese leaders.
[FBIS]
July 10: Queen Juliana of the Netherlands met with
Numayri at the airport in Khartoum. [MEED]
July 26: Severe flooding destroyed about 100 villages
in the Jazirah Directorate. [FBIS]
July 18: The Organization of African Unity (OAU)
opened its annual conference in Khartoum. [NYT}
July 22: The OAU conference ended. [NYT]
July 29: A Cabinet reshuffle was announced:
Ja'far al-Numayri: Presidentand Defense
Sharif al-Tuhami: Energy & Mining
Ahmad 'Abd al-Karim Badri: Transport
Muhammad Mahjfub:State
Yuisuf Mikahil Bakhit: State [FBIS]
Syria
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, Jordan, Lebanon,
South Yemen)
1978
May 23: An industrial and technical cooperation agree-
ment with East Germany was signed in Syria. [MEED)
June 7: Minister of Foreign Affairs 'Abd al-Halim
Khaddam arrived in Bonn on a 6 day visit for talks
on economic cooperation. [MEED]
June 11: The Higher State Security Court found 8
employees of the Syrian National Oil Company
guilty of accepting $4.7m in bribes from foreign
countries. [NYT]
June 19: The New YorkTimes cited "diplomatic sources"
as saying Syria had banned 10 journalists with pro-
Soviet views from writing in the press. [NYT]
July 18: Algerian President Houari Boumedienne ar-
rived in Damascus and met with President H.afiz
al-Asad. [FBIS]
468 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
July 20: Jordanian King Husayn arrived in Damascus
and met with President Asad. [FBIS]
Aug. 1.' Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Fahd ended talks
with Asad in Damascus. [FBIS]
Tunisia
1978
May 16: East German National Defense Minister Heinz
Hoffman arrived in Tunis for talks with Tunisian
leaders. [MEED]
May 24: Mauritanian President Moktar Ould Daddah
and Mali President Moussa Traore met with Presi-
dent Habib Bourguiba in Carthage. [FBIS]
June 7: Libyan General Secretariat Member al-
Khuwaylidi al-Humaydi met with Premier Hedi
Nouira in Tunis. [FBIS)
June 9: French Foreign Minister Louis de Guiringaud
arrived in Tunis on a 2 day visit. [FBIS)
June 17: Premier Nouira met with French President
Valery Giscard d'Estaing in Paris. [MEED)
June 29: President Bourguiba left Carthage for Geneva,
where he was to undergo medical tests. [FBIS]
July 7: Bourguiba arrived in Paris on a private visit.
[FBIS}
July 19: Trials began of more than 200 trade union
leaders detained since riots in January. [MEED)
Aug. 10: Maltese Premier Dom Mintoff met with
Nouira and Foreign Minister Mohamed Fitouri in
Tunis. [FBIS]
Turkey
(Seealso, Cyprus, Pakistan)
1978
May 16: Premier Bulent Ecevit ended a trip to London
during which he had held talks with British Premier
James Callaghan. [MEED]
May 17: The Turkish Daily News reported that Premier
Ecevit had informed the US that Turkey would not
sign a joint declaration on the future of NATO.
[TDNI
Workers of the National Oil Company went on
strike. [TDN]
May 24: Ecevit arrived in Brussels for talks with EEC
and NATO leaders. [MEED)
May 28: Ecevit met with Greek Premier Constantine
Caramanlis in Washington. [NYT]
Rival political factions clashed in Demirci, leaving
1 dead and at least 10 injured. [NYT)
West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt criti-
cized the US Congress for not lifting the arms
embargo on Turkey. [NYT]
May 29: Ecevit said in Washington on the eve of a
NATO summit conference that Turkey felt "no
threat" from the Soviet Union. [NYT}
May 31: US President Jimmy Carter met separately
with Ecevit and Greek Premier Caramanlis in Wash-
ington. [NYT]
June 2: Gunmen in Madrid killed 3 occupants of the
Turkish Ambassador's car. [NYT}
June 3: Caramanlis proposed a nonaggression pact with
Turkey. [NYT]
June 14: US President Carter said the lifting of the
arms embargo on Turkey was the "most immediate
and urgent foreign policy decision" to be made in
the legislative session of Congress. [NYT]
June 16: East Germany and Turkey signed an economic,
technical and scientific cooperation agreement in
Ankara. [TDN}
June 21: Ecevit arrived in Moscow on an official
visit to the Soviet Union. [NYT]
June 22: Ecevit met with Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev
in Moscow. [NYT]
June 23: Turkey and the Soviet Union signed an accord
pledging not to use force against any country or allow
other nations to use their territory for "aggressive
and subversive actions against other states." Ac-
cords on cultural and scientific exchanges, trade and
arrangements for fishing and oil exploration on the
Black Sea were also signed. [NYT]
June 25: Ecevit ended a 4 day visit to Moscow. [MEED}
June 30: Two Turkish generals officially took over
command from Americans of NATO land and air
forces in Turkey. [TDNI
July 10. Foreign Minister Gunduz Oksun arrived in
New Delhi on a 4 day visit to India and met with
Indian External Affairs Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
[FBIS]
July 11: Gunmen assassinated an Associate Professor
of Hacettepe University. [TDNJ
July 25. The US Senate voted 57 to 42 to repeal the
US arms embargo on Turkey. [NYTI
Aug. 1: The US House of Representatives voted by
208 to 205 to allow Carter to end the arms embargo.
[NYT]
Aug. 10: Gunmen fired into a crowded cafe in Ankara,
killing 4 people. [WP}
United Arab Amirates
1978
June 3: Sudanese President Ja'far al-Numayri met with
President Shaykh Zayd bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan in
Abiu Dhabi. [FBIS]
A helicopter carrying oil workers to an offshore
oilfield crashed, killing 16 people. [FBISI
June 12: Mauritanian Foreign Minister Hamdi Ould
Moukness met with Foreign Minister Ah.madKhalifah
al-Suwaydi in Abiu Dhabi. [FBIS]
June 17: Bahrayni Premier Shaykh Khalifah bin
Salman Al Khalifah met with President Shaykh Zayd
in Al 'Ayn. [FBISI
 CHRONOLOGY 469

June 23: Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre met
with President Shaykh Zayd in Abu Dhabi. [FBIS]
Abui Dhabi and 3 foreign oil companies signed
agreements for a $1.6 billion natural gas project.
[NYT}
Yemen
(Seealso, Saudi Arabia, South Yemen, Sudan)
1978
May 19: Interior Minister Muh.sin al-Y-usufl visited the
Ta'izz region and met with its governor. [FBIS]
May 30: The Cabinet was formed as follows:
'Abd al-'Aziz 'Abd al-Ghani: Premier
Muhammad Ahmad al-Junayd: Deputy Premier and
Finance
Muhammad bin Muhammad al-Mans-ur:Awqaf and
Guidance
$alih. al-Jamali:Supply & Trade
Ahmad Muhammad 'Abd al-Malik al-Asbihi: Health
Muh.:ammadal-Khadim al-Wajih: Education
'All 'Abdallah al-Matari:Agriculture
Ahmad Muhammad al-'Unsi: Communications &
Transport
Ahmad Salih al-Ra'ini: Information & Culture
Ahmad al-Hamdani: Economy
Ahmad Qasim Barakat: State and Chairman of Oil
& Mineral ResourcesDepartment
'Abdallah 'Abd al-Mai-d al-Asnaj: ForeignAffairs
Muhsin al-Yasufi: Interior
Muhammad Salim Basindwa: Developmentand Chair-
man of the Central Planning Board
'Abdallah al-Kurshumi:Public Works& Municipalities
'Ali al-Samman:Justice
'Abd al-Salam Muqbil: Social Affairs, Labor & Youth.
[FBIS}
South Yemeni Communications Minister Mahmiud
'Ushaysh arrived in San'a' for talks. [FBISJ
June 1: Sudanese President Ja'far al-Numayr1 met with
Command Council Chairman Ahmad Husayn
al-Ghashmi in San(a. [FBIS]
June 3: Akhba-ral-Yawm reported that a mutiny led by
'Abdallah al-'Alim the week before had been crushed.
'Alim was reported to have fled to Aden. [FBISI
June 24: A bomb exploded in the bag of a South Yemeni
envoy, killing Chairman Ghashmi and the envoy. The
Iraqi press agency reported that Yemen had severed
diplomatic relations with South Yemen over the inci-
dent. [NYTI
A new Presidential Council was formed:
'Abd al-Karim al-'Arashi: Chairman
'Abd al-'Aziz 'Abd al-Ghani, 'All al-Shaybah and
'All 'Abdallah Slih: Members[FBIS]
Presidential Council Member al-Shaybah was
named Commander in Chief of the armed forces.
[FBISJ
June 25: South Yemen denied any involvement in the
assassination of Ghashmi. [NYTJ
July 1. At an emergency session of the Arab League,
Foreign Minister 'Abdallah al-Asnaj appealed for
expulsion of South Yemen from the League. [NYT]
July 2. At the conclusion of the Arab League session
a communiqu6 was issued which said 15 League
members had decided to "freeze" diplomatic ties and
suspend economic relations with South Yemen.
[NYT]
July 4: Two agreements with West Germanv were
signed in Bonn. [MEED]
July 10: Foreign Minister Asnaj said that 6 South
Yemeni naval vessels were violating Yemeni terri-
torial waters near the Bab al-Mandab and that its air-
craft were violating Yemeni airspace. [MEED]
July 17.' 'Abdallah Salih was elected President by the
People's Council. [NYT]
July 20: The following appointments were made:
'Abd al-Karim 'Abdallah al-'Arashi: Vice President
Lutfi al-Sunai: Director of Presidential Office[FBIS]

SOURCES
CSM, The Christian ScienceMonitor (1 Norway St., Boston, Mass. 02115). EG, Egyptian Gazette (24 Sharia Zakaria
Ahmed, Cairo, Egypt). FBIS, Foreign Broadcast Information ServiceDaily Report: Middle East and North Africa
(NTIS, US Department of Commerce, Springfield, Va. 22151). JP, TheJerusalemPost (The Jerusalem Post Building,
Jerusalem, P.O. Box 81). MEED, Middle East EconomicDigest (21 John Street, London WC1N 2BP, England).
MEES, Middle East EconomicSurvey(P.O. Box 4940, Nicosia, Cyprus). NYT, The New YorkTimes (229 W. 43rd St.,
New York, N.Y. 10036). TDN, Turkish Daily News (Tunus Cad. 49/7, Ankara, Turkey). WP, The WashingtonPost
(1150 15th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20071).