Chronology August 6, 1978-November 15, 1978

Reviewed work(s):
Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Winter, 1979), pp. 45-57
Published by: Middle East Institute
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4325819 .
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 CHRONOLOGY

August 6, 1978-November 15, 1978

Sept. 6. Sadat and Carter met privately at Camp

Arab Israeli Conflict
(See also, Lebanon)
1978
Aug. 20: Arab terrorists attacked an El Al Airlines
crew outside the Europa Hotel in London. Two
people, including 1 of the terrorists, were killed. The
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-Special
Operations claimed responsibility for the attack. [WPJ
Israeli Premier Menahem Begin said Israel was
preparing a plan for a "partial but permanent" peace
agreement with Egypt to be submitted at the summit
meeting at Camp David, Maryland. [WP]
A bomb was defused in Ramla. Two other bombs
were dismantled in Jerusalem. [FBIS]
Aug. 21: Israeli aircraftstruck a Palestinian refugee camp
in Beirut and attacked Palestinian centers in Damur
"as a response to the terrorist attack in London.
[WP}
Aug. 26: A UN antiracism conference ended with a
declaration accusing "Zionist" Israel of increasing rela-
tions with "racist"South Africa. [WP]
Sept. 2: The "Peace Now" Movement held a mass rally
in Tel Aviv and called on Israeli Premier Begin to show
flexibility at a summit conference at Camp David.
[FBIS]
Sept. 3: The Washington Post cited Egyptian President
Anwar al-Sadat as saying the upcoming Camp David
meeting was "a last chance" for a peaceful settle-
ment. [WPJ
Sept. 5: Egyptian President Sadat and Begin arrived at
Camp David and were met by US President Jimmy
Carter. [WPJ
US President Carter met privately with Begin at
Camp David. [WPJ
David. [WP]
Carter, S-adatand Begin deliberated at Camp David.
No statement on the results of the conference was
forthcoming. [WP3
A bomb exploded in Jerusalem, injuring 2 people.
A second bomb exploded near the Jaffa Gate, but
there were no casualties. [WP3
Sept. 7: Syrian Foreign Minister 'Abd al-HaallmKhaddam
said Arab nations should "make military pacts with the
Soviet Union" if Israel concluded a mutual defense
pact with the US. [WP}
Sept. 8. Carter met separately with Begin and Sadat at
Camp David. [WP}
Sept. 9: A statement at Camp David indicated that prog-
ress did "seem to have been made in some areas," but
that "substantial differences" between the parties
remained. [WPJ
Sept. 10. Begin met with Carter at Camp David. [WPJ
Sept. 11.' Sadat and Carter met at Camp David. A White
House spokesman said that an "even more intense
and detailed effort" was being made to deal with
areas of substantial differences between Israel and
Egypt. [WP}
Sept. 14: A White House spokesman said that "more
progress and more flexibility" at Camp David were
essential if a Middle East peace framework was to
be forged. [WP}
Sept. 17: Egypt, Israel and the US announced that agree-
ment at Camp David on a peace framework had been
reached. [WP3
Two accords were initialed by Egypt and Israel.
The first, "A Framework for Peace in the Middle East,"
covered the future of the West Bank and the Gaza
Strip. The second, "A Framework for the Conclusion
of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel," covered
Sinai and bilateral relations between Egypt and Israel,
and called for the concluding within 3 months of a
peace treaty between them. [WPJ

List of Abbreviations
CSM, The Christian Science Monitor; EG, Egyptian Gazette; FBIS, Foreign Broadcast Information Service
Daily Report-Middle East and North Africa; JP, The Jerusalem Post; LT, The Times of London and The Sunday
Times; MEED, Middle East EconomicDigest; MEES, Middle East EconomicSurvey; NYT, The New York Times;
PA, Pakistan Affairs; TDN, Turkish Daily News; WP, The Washington Post.

45
46 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
The Israeli Supreme Court ordered a temporary
suspension of work on a new Jewish settlement on
the West Bank near Ramallah. [WP}
Sept. 18: The texts of the 2 Camp David accords were
published. [LT]
Sidat confirmed that Muhammad Ibrahlm Kamil
had resigned as Egyptian Foreign Minister as of
September 15. [LT]
Supporters of the Jewish nationalist group Gush
Emunim set up an illegal encampment near Nablus
to protest the Camp David accords. [LT]
Sept. 19: The Egyptian Cabinet expressed its support
for the Camp David agreements. [LT]
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) leader
Yasir 'Araf-at said the PLO would "rain blows on
American interests" as a result of the Camp David
agreements. [LT]
Saudi Arabia rejected the Camp David agree-
ments as "an unacceptable formula for a definitive
peace." [LT]
Sept. 20. Representatives of Syria, Algeria, Libya, South
Yemen and the PLO opened a meeting of the Front
for Steadfastness in Damascus to discuss the Camp
David agreements. [LT]
US Secretary of State Cyrus Vance met with
Jordanian King Husayn in Amman to clarify the Camp
David agreements. {FBIS}
Sept. 21. Israeli troops evicted several hundred Gush
Emunim activists from the illegal encampment near
Nablus. [LT]
US Secretary of State Vance met with Saudi Arabian
King Khalid and Crown Prince Fahd in Riyadh on the
Camp David accords. [FBISJ
Sept. 22. Libyan Secretary General Mu'ammar
al-QadhdhafTand PLO leader 'Arafat met with King
[Husaynin Jordan on the Camp David accords. [WP}
Vance acceeded to a Syrian request to postpone a
visit to Damascus. [WP]
The US published 9 letters of understanding be-
tween Begin, Sadat and Carter relating to the Camp
David Summit. [WP}
Sept. 23. King Husayn said the Camp David proposals
were unacceptable "in the present form" and said he
was "absolutely shattered" by Sadat's negotiating
policy. [WP]
Members of Gush Emunim slipped through
Israeli army lines near Hebron and seized a hill for a
Jewish settlement in defiance of Israeli policy. [WP]
At the end of the Front for Steadfastness meeting
in Damascus, a statement was issued rejecting the
Camp David accords and calling for the severing of
"economic and political relations with the Egyptian
r6gime." [FBISI
Sept. 24. The Israeli Cabinet voted by 11 to 2 with 3
members absent to approve the Camp David
accords. [LT]
Vance met with Syrian President Hafiz al-Asad on
the Camp David agreements. The talks were termed
"frank and extensive." [LTJ
Israeli soldiers evicted the Gush Emunim settlers
who had reoccupied the illegal encampment near
Hebron. [LT]
Sept.25: Begin told the Knesset that Israel had agreed to
freeze the establishment of new settlements on the
West Bank for the 3 month period of treaty negotia-
tions with Egypt. [LT]
Sept.26: Following a meeting with Syrian President Asad
in Amman, King Hjusaynsaid the peace moves had not
come "anywhere near" his demands. [LT]
Sept.27. Carter said he had "a very clear understanding"
with Begin that the question of new West Bank settle-
ments would be settled by negotiations during a 5 year
transitional period in which the "final status" of the
West Bank would be determined. [WPI
Sept. 28: The Israeli Knesset voted by 84 to 19
with 17 abstentions to approve the Camp David
agreements. [WP]
Jerusalem Domestic Service reported that Israeli In-
dustry, Commerce and Tourism Minister Yigal Hurvitz
had resigned as a result of the Cabinet vote on the
Camp David accords. [FBIS]
Sept. 30. An Israeli patrol boat foiled a guerrilla attack
on the port of Eilat and captured 7 guerrillas. [LT]
Oct. 1. The Iraqi Revolution Command Council said it
was ready to send forces to Syria "to ensure an Arab
force capable of confronting the enemy." [LT]
Oct. 9. Israeli Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan told the
UN General Assembly that Israel had resolved "never
to compromise the unity of Jerusalem." [LT]
Oct. 10: Iraq invited all Arab states except Egypt
to a summit conference to discuss the Camp David
accords. [LT]
Oct. 12. Treaty negotiations between Egypt and Israel
were opened in Washington. [LT]
Oct. 16. US Assistant Secretary of State Harold Saunders
arrived in Amman carrying US clarifications to ques-
tions by King Husayn concerning the Camp David
accords. [JPJ
Oct. 17: Begin said that Israel and Egypt had agreed to go
to arbitrationshould disputes arise during implementa-
tion of a peace treaty. [LT]
Oct. 18. Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister Sa'ud al-Fay$al
met with US Assistant Secretary of State Saunders in
Jiddah. [FBIS]
Oct. 19. Carter met in Washington with the Egyptian and
Israeli peace delegations in an effort to resolve differ-
ences that had arisen between them. [LT]
Oct. 22: It was announced that the Egyptian and Israeli
delegations had agreed on a peace treaty draft the day
before. [LT]
Oct. 24: Begin sent a letter to the US protesting the
clarifications given to King Husayn by Saunders. [JP}
Oct.25. The Israeli Cabinet approved "in principle" the
draft of the peace agreement with Egypt. The vote was
15 to 0 with 2 abstentions. [JP}
Israeli Foreign Minister Dayan told the Likud faction
of the Knesset that existing settlements in the West
Bank would be expanded in the future. IJPI
More than 1,000 Israeli Arabs began a pilgrimage
to Mecca. [LT]
Oct. 26. Vance said the US was "deeply disturbed" by
a "reported decision taken by the Israeli Cabinet to
'thicken' some of the settlements on the West Bank."
[LT]
 CHRONOLOGY
The Jerusalem Post cited "government sources" as
saying Begin had proposed moving the Premier's
office to East Jerusalem. [JP}
Oct.27: Sadat and Begin were awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize. [LT]
Oct. 30: Representatives of 20 Arab states and the PLO
began a meeting of foreign ministers in Baghdad to
prepare for an Arab League summit conference later
in the week. [LT]
'Arafat met with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei
Gromyko in the Soviet Union. [LT]
Oct. 31.: A plenary session of the peace negotiations was
held in Washington. A spokesman said the US had
produced a "clear draft" of the proposed treaty. [LT]
Nov. 2' Iraqi President Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr opened
a summit conference of 20 states and the PLO in
Baghdad. Arab unity and policy with respect to the
Camp David accords were to be discussed. [LT]
Begin and Vance met in New York. The question
of US financial aid to Israel to compensate for Israeli
withdrawal from Sinai was discussed. [LTJ
Nov. 3. Vance said that "almost all the substantive issues"
in the draft treaty had been resolved after his talks with
Begin the day before. [LT]
Nov. 4.' Begin said Israel was seeking a loan from the US
to defray costs of evacuating Sinai and that the loan
would be repaid "to the last cent." [LT]
Sadat refused to meet with a delegation sent from
the Baghdad summit. [FBIS}
Nov. 5: The summit meeting ended in Baghdad. Iraqi
Foreign Minister Sa'dun Hammadi said the summit
had "decided to take certain measures" in view of the
Camp David accords and spoke of resolutions that
would not be made public. [LT]
Nov. 6: Arab League Secretary General Mahmud Riyad
said the Arab League had decided not to hold meetings
in Cairo because of the Egyptian peace initiative.
[NYTI
Nov. 8. Dayan told Vance that the Israeli Cabinet wanted
to eliminate any "linkage" accepted by the Israeli ne-
gotiators in the treaty text. [NYT3
Nov. 9. Egyptian negotiators told Vance that Sadat
wanted changes in the draft peace treaty text. [NYT]
Carter urged Egypt and Israel to accept compromise
language "as approved by the negotiators." [NYT]
Nov. 10: The New YorkTimes cited "conference sources"
as saying Egypt had asked Israel to agree to a detailed
timetable on relinquishing military rule in the West
Bank and Gaza. [NYTI
Moroccan King Hasan said Sadat had received
guarantees from Carter that East Jerusalem would be
returned to the Arabs and that the West Bank and
Gaza would eventually become independent. [NYT]
Nov. 12: US officials said that Carter had given no
secret "guarantees" or "commitments" to Sadat on
the future of the West Bank, Gaza or East Jerusalem.
[NYT]
The Israeli Cabinet rejected the Egyptian demands
for a timetable as "unacceptable." [NYTI
Vance and Dayan met in Washington on the prob-
lem of "linkage". A formula to resolve the deadlock
was reported to have been reached. Later the 2 men
flew to New York to meet with Begin. [NYTI
47
Nov. 13: The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization voted by 59 to 22 with 8 abstentions
to condemn Israel and cut off funds to it on the
grounds that Israel had damaged Arab monuments
in Jerusalem with archeological digs. [NYT]
Israeli Minister of Agriculture Ariel Sharon said he
had proposed building a new settlement at the south-
ern end of the Gaza Strip. [NYT)
Nov. 14. Cypriot President Spyros Kyprianou commuted
the death sentences of 2 Palestinians convicted of
assassinating an Egyptian editor in April. [NYT]
General
1978
Sept. 27. The Times of London reported that at the open-
ing of the Polisario Front "biennial congress" in the
disputed Western Sahara, Polisario had made a com-
mitment to release 8 Spanish fishermen captured in
waters claimed by the Front. [LTJ
Nov. 8. Mauritanian Head of State Mustafa Ould Mo-
hammad Salek met with French President Val6ry
Giscard d'Estaing in Paris on the Western Saharacon-
flict. [MEED]
Petroleum Affairs
1978
Aug. 23: The Kuwayti newspaper al-Siya-sahpublished
an interview with Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Fahd
in which he said Saudi Arabia had "rejected" a pro-
posal for substituting a basket of currencies for the
US dollar and "shall not accept it." [MEES]
Sept. 12: Japanese Premier Takeo Fukuda warned in
Ta'if that the decline in the US dollar could trigger
an increase in the world price of oil that would be
"extremely harmful to the world economy." [WP]
Oct.25: The Timesof London cited the Secretary General
of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC), 'AriJaydah,as saying OPEC must either raise
oil prices or set the value of oil in terms of a basket
of currencies. [LT}
Afghanistan
(See also, Pakistan, South Yemen)
1978
Aug. 17. The Central Committee of the People's Demo-
cratic Party decided that President of the Revolu-
tionary Council Nur Mohammad Tarakiwould assume
the duties of Minister of Defense. [FBIS]
48 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Aug. 18: The Washington Post cited Kabul Radio as an-
nouncing a plot to overthrow the government had
been foiled and Defense Minister Abdul Khadir had
been arrested for his role in the plot. [WPI
Aug. 23: The Politburo of the People's Democratic Party
ordered the arrest of Planning Minister Soltan Ali
Keshtmand and Public Works Minister Mohammad
Rafi for their parts in the conspiracy. [FBISI
Aug. 28. The following appointments were announced:
Dastagir Panjshiri: Public Works
Abdorrashid Jalili: Education
Sahebjan Sahrai:BorderAffairs [FBISI
Sept. 9: Pakistani Chief Martial Law Administrator Mo-
hammad Zia-ul-Haq met with Chairman of the Revo-
lutionary Council Taraki at Taghman, near Kabul.
[FBIS]
Sept. 17: The government announced it was breaking
diplomatic relations with South Korea. [FBIS]
Sept. 19: Indian External Affairs Minister Atal Bihari
Vajpayee met with Taraki in Kabul. [FBISiI
Sept.22: MiddleEast EconomicDigest reported that Taraki
had dismissed 6 Ambassadors who had been appointed
in July. All were members of the Parcham section
of the People's Democratic Party. [MEEDI
Oct. 19: Afghanistan adopted a red flag as its new national
emblem. [LT]
Algeria
(Seealso, Arab Israeli Conflict, Morocco, South Yemen)
1978
Sept. 6: Syrian Foreign Minister 'Abd al-Halim Khaddam
arrived in Algiers for talks with Algerian leaders.
[FBIS}
Sept. 19: Cuban President Fidel Castro arrived in Algiers
and met with President Houari Boumedienne. [FBIS]
Sept. 27: Vietnamese Vice President Nguyen Huu Tho
left Algiers at the end of a visit. [FBIS]
Oct. 7: Algeria denied charges by Morocco of an attack
in Moroccan territory. [MEED]
Oct. 15: President Boumedienne left Algiers on a visit
to Moscow. [FBIS)
Oct. 16: Boumedienne met with Soviet President Leonid
Brezhnev at the Kremlin. [JPJ
Nov. 14.' Boumedienne left the Soviet Union after a
month long visit. [NYT}
Bahrayn
1978
Oct. 1.' Jordanian King Husayn arrived in Manama for
talks with Amir Shaykh 'Isa bin Salman Al Khallfah.
[FBISJ
Oct. 6.' Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) leader
Yasir 'Arafat left Manama for Doha at the end of a
visit during which he had held talks with Amir Shaykh
'Isa. [FBISJ
Oct. 23: Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister Sa'ud al-Faysal
arrived in Manama from Kuwayt on a tour of Gulf
countries. [FBISJ
Cyprus
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict)
1978
Aug. 21. President Spyros Kyprianou met with Greek
Premier Constantine Karamanlis in Greece. [MEED)
Sept. 16: Six Greek Cypriot convicts in the EOKA-B
underground movement attempted to break out of a
prison in Nicosia. [LT]
Sept. 17: The convicts threatened to kill 7 hostages. The
government refused to negotiate with the prisoners.
[LT]
Sept. 19: A total of 9 armed prisoners in the Nicosia
prison surrendered to police. [LT]
Oct. 10. President Kyprianou returned to Cyprus after
2 weeks in Belgium, the US and Greece. [MEEDI
Oct. 18: President of the "self proclaimed" "Turkish Fed-
erated State of Cyprus" Rauf Denkta, met with
Turkish Premier Bilent Ecevit in Turkey. [TDN}
Oct. 23: Turkey and the "Turkish Federated State of
Cyprus" signed a trade agreement providing for
Turkey to import all of the "TurkishFederated State's"
surplus production. [MEED)
Egypt
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, Morocco)
1978
Aug. 21. Information Minister 'Abd al-Mun'im al-Sawl
denied reports that political commentator Mustafa
Amin had been banned from writing a column in al-
Akhbar. [FBISJ
Sept. 2.' Moroccan Minister of State for Foreign Affairs
Mohamed Boucetta met with President Anwar
al-Sadat in Egypt. [FBIS]
Sept. 4: President Sadat met with French President
Valery Giscard d'Estaing in Paris. [LT]
Sept. 10:. The WashingtonPost cited editions of al-Ahrar
and al-Ahali as saying the government had blocked
publication of the papers to prevent criticism of Sadat
while he was at the summit meeting at Camp David.
[WPJ
Sept. 18: UAA Vice President Shaykh Rashid bin Satid
Al Makt-umarrived in Cairo for a 3 day visit. [MEED}
Oct. 3: War Minister Muhammad 'Abd al-GhanI al-
JamasIand Army Chief of Staff Muhammad 'All Fahmi
were relieved of their posts and named "military ad-
visors." [LT]
 CHRONOLOGY
Oct. 4: A new Cabinet was formed:
Mustafa Khalil: Premier
Fikri Makram 'Ubayd: Deputy Premier for People's
AssemblyAffairs
Kamal Hasan 'Al1:Defense & War Production
Ahamd 'Izz al-Din Hilal: Petroleum
Hamid 'Abd al-Latif al-Sayyih:Economy,ForeignTrade
& EconomicCoolperation
Muhammad Nabawi Isma'il: Interior
Mahm-udAmin 'Abd al-Hafiz: Tourism & Civil Avi-
ation
Amal 'Abd al-Rah.im'Uthmian:Insurance & Social Af-
fairs
'Abd al-Razzaq 'Abd al-Majild:Planning
Hassaballah Muhammad al-Kafrawi:Reconstruction&
New Societies
Butrus Butrus Ghai1:State for Foreign Affairs
'All Muhammad al-Salmi:Statefor Followup & Control
Sa'd Muhammad Ahmad: Manpower & Vocational
T raining
MahmiudMuhammad Daiid: Agriculture
Nasif 'Abd al-Maqsuid Ibrahim Tahun: Supply & In-
ternal Trade
Hasan Muhammad Isma'ii:Education,Culture & Scien-
tific Research
Ahmad 'Al Musa-:Justice
Sulayman Mutawalli Sulayman: State for Cabinet Af-
fairs and Local Government
Tawfiq HamId Kararah: Agrarian Reform
Muhammad 'Abd al-Hadi Samahah: Irrigation and
State for Sudan Affairs
'Abd al-Akhir Muhammad 'Umar 'Abd al-Akhir: State
for People'sAssemblyAffairs
'Alu Fahmi al-Daghistani: Transport, Communications
& Maritime Transport
Mustafa Mutawalli al-Hifnawi: Housing
Ibrahim 'Abd al-Rahman 'Atallah:Industry & Mineral
Resources
Mustafa Kamal Sabri: Electricity& Energy
'Ali Jamal al-Nazir: State for EconomicCoofperation
Muhammad 'Abd al-Rahman Baysar:Awqaifand State
for Al Azhar Affairs
Husni Muhammad al-Sayyid 'All: State for Housing
Kamal Tawfiq Ah,mad Nasir: Statefor War Production
Mamd-uhKamal Jabir: Health
'AluLutfi MahmiudLutf;: Finance
Muhammad Ahmad al-'Uqayli: State
Oct. 23. Ugandan President Idi Amin arrived in Cairo
and met with Sadat. [FBISI
Oct. 25.' Sixteen alleged conspirators in a "Communist
plot" to seize power appeared in court. [LTJ
Iran
(See also, Pakistan)
1978
Aug. 17.' The WashingtonPost reported that the US had
turned down a request by Iran to purchase 31 F-4G
fighter bombers. [WPJ
49
The WashingtonPost reported that Information Min-
ister Dary-ush Humay-un had accused the Palestine
Liberation Organization of helping foment recent
riots in Iranian cities. [WP1
Aug. 19. Terrorists set fire to a movie theater in Abadan.
At least 377 people died in the blaze. [WP}
Aug. 20. A cinema in Shiraz was destroyed by arsonists.
[FBIS}
A bomb exploded in a restaurant in Shiraz. [FBIS}
Aug. 21.' An export bank branchwas set on fire in Tehran.
[FBIS}
The Abadan police chief said 10 persons had been
arrested for their role in the fire. [TDNJ
Aug. 22: The fire victims were buried in Abadan. Dem-
onstrations after the mourning ceremonies turned into
riots. [WPI
Aug. 23: Tanks and troops took up positions in Abadan
to prevent rioting. [WPJ
The Iranian Embassy in the Hague was attacked by
9 Iranian students. The students issued a statement
blaming security police for starting the fire in Abadan
and surrendered to Dutch police. [WPJ
Aug. 25. Anti-government demonstrations erupted into
violence in Abadan. [WPI
Aug. 27. A new Cabinet was sworn in:
Ja'far Sharif-i Imami: Premier
Muhammad Yiganah: EconomicAffairs & Finance
Riza-i 'Azimi: War
'Izat Allah-i Yazdanpanah: State for Parliamentary
Affairs
Muhammad Riza Vishka`i: Commerce
Hasan-i Shalchiyan:Roads & Transport
Amir Khusraw Afshar Qasimlu: ForeignAffairs
Muhammad-i Bahiri:Justice
HCushang-iNahavandi: Science& Higher Education
'Abbas Qarahbaghi:Interior
'Alinaqi Kani: State
Amir Husayn Amir Parvlz: Agriculture
Hasan 'Ali Mihran: State
Kazim Vad-'i: Labor & Social Affairs
Jahangir Mahd Mina: Energy
Muhsin Furufghi:Culture & Arts
Parviz Avini: Housing & Rural Development
Muhammad Riza Amall Tehrani: Information &
Tourism
ManiuchihrAzm-un:Statefor ExecutiveAffairs
Karim-i Mu'tamidil:Post, Telegraph& Telephone
Maniuchihr-iGanjl: Education & Training
Riza-i Amin: Industries & Mines
Nasrullah-i Muqtadir Mazhdahi:Health & Social Wel-
fare [MEED}
Aug. 29. Chinese Communist Party ChairmanHua Kuo-
feng arrived in Iran for talks with Muhammad Riza
Shah Pahlavi. [WP}
Aug. 30. The Washington Post reported that Iran had
said Iraq had returned an Iranian, alleged to have
confessed to playing a role in the Abadan arson, after
he had attempted to enter Iraq illegally. [WPJ
Aug. 31: Police opened fire on demonstrators in
Mashhad, killing 2 people. [WP3
A cultural agreement with the People's Republic
of China was signed in Tehran. LFBISI
50 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Sept. 1: About 150 people were arrested in Los Angeles
after a demonstration against the Shah turned violent.
IWPJ
Sept. 4: The Washington Post reported that riots over
the weekend in Tehran and 14 other cities had left
at least 12 people dead. [WP]
Peaceful demonstrations were held in Tehran and
other cities. It was reported that 4 people had been
killed in clashes between demonstrators in the city of
l1am. [WP}
Sept. 5: Japanese Premier Takeo Fukuda arrived in
Tel3ranfor talks with Iranian officials on bilateral eco-
nQrnicrelations. [LT]
Sept. 6. The government ordered a ban on public pro-
cessions and meetings without official permission.
[WPJ
Sept. 7: Japanese Premier Fukuda met with the Shah
in Sa'dabad Palace. [FBISJ
A mass rally was held in Tehran. Demonstrators
demanded the ousting of the Shah and his replace-
ment by exiled religious leader Ayat Allah Ruh Allah
Khumayni. [WP}
Sept. 8: The government declared a 6 month period of
martial law in Tehran and 11 other cities. [WP]
Army troops fired into anti-government demon-
strators in Tehran, killing at least 86 and injuring 205.
[WPI
Sept. 9. The Shah postponed a trip to East Germany
and Rumania to deal with unrest in Iran. [WPJ
Former Premier Amir 'Abbas-i Huvayda resigned
his post as Minister of the Imperial Court. [FBISJ
Pakistani Chief Martial Law Administrator Moham-
mad Zia-ul-Haq arrived in Tehran and met with the
Shah. [FBIS}
Sept. 10: One person was killed in Qum when troops
fired into a crowd. [WPJ
In a telephone call to the Shah, US PresidentJimmy
Carter expressed regret at the recent violence in Iran
and hope that the movement toward political liberal-
ization in Iran would continue. [WPI
Nine Members of Parliament disrupted and then
walked out of a speech by Premier Imami. [LT]
Sept. 12: The government arrested or issued warrants
for scores of opponents of the Shah. [WPJ
Sept. 14: Tehran Domestic Service reported that former
Minister of Culture Mansur-i Ruhani and former Ag-
riculture Minister Faridiun-i Mahdavi had been ar-
rested. [FBIS]
Sept. 16: An earthquake devastated sections of eastern
Iran, leaving 11,000 dead in Tabas and surrounding
villages. [LTJ
The government received a vote of confidence in
the Majlis by a vote of 176 to 16. Debate prior to
the vote of confidence was televised nationally. [LT]
Sept. 17: Eighteen opposition MP's walked out of a de-
bate on the introduction of martial law in 12 cities.
[LT]
Sept. 20: The Shah visited the earthquake disaster area.
[LT]
Sept. 24: Police fired into the air to disperse demon-
strators in Golayegan. [LT]
Oct. 1. A police station commander was assassinated by
terrorists in Mashhad. [LT]
Oct. 2: Bangladesh President Ziaur Rahman arrived in
Tehran and met with the Shah. [FBISI
Oct. 3. The government promised to meet in full the
demands of striking bank, telecommunications and oil
refinery workers. [LT]
Oct. 6: Exiled opposition leader Ayat Allah Khumayni
flew to Paris. He had lived in Iraq for more than 10
years. [MEED}
Oct.8: Health Minister Mazhdahl resigned his post. [LT]
Oct. 9. Ambassador to the US Ardashir-i Zahidi met
with the Shah on the disturbances in Iran. [MEED]
Oct. 11: Journalists staged a strike to protest military
censorship. [LT]
Troops and student demonstrators clashed in
Tehran. [LT]
Oct. 13: The government agreed to the demands of strik-
ing journalists. [LT)
The opposition National Front Party called for a
peaceful general strike for Oct. 16. [LT]
Oct. 15. The government deployed tanks in Tehran on
the eve of a threatened general strike. [LT]
Oct. 18: It was reported that Minister of Science and
Higher Education Nahavandi had resigned to protest
wage increases awarded after strikes. [LT]
Oct. 22. Police opened fire on demonstrators in
Hamadan, killing 5 people. [LT]
Oct.23. The government said that 1,451 prisoners would
be released to mark the Shah's birthday. Justice Min-
ister Bahirl said those released would be "fully com-
pensated." [LT]
Oct.24: Riots took place in the town of Gorgan. Govern-
ment buildings, cinemas, banks and other structures
were burned by rioters. [LT]
Oct.25.' Rioters attacked cinemas, banks and other build-
ings in Rasht. [LT]
Oct. 26: Snipers in Jahrom killed the police chief and
critically wounded the martial law administratorof the
town. [LT]
Troops clashed with student demonstrators in
Tehran. [LT]
Oct. 27.' Rioting in several towns and cities left 5 people
dead. [LT]
Oct. 29. The government dismissed or retired 34 senior
officials of the intelligence organization SAVAK. [LT]
Oct. 30. Bahiri and Minister of State Azmun tendered
their resignations. [FBIS}
The following Cabinet appointments were an-
nounced:
Husayn Najafi:Justice
Mustafa Payadar:State for ExecutiveAffairs [LT]
Oct. 31: The oil industry was paralyzed by a strike. [LT]
Crown Prince Riza met with US President Carter
in Washington. Carter reaffirmed US support for the
Shah. [LT]
Nov. 3.' The opposition National Front leader Karim
Sanjabi met with Ayat Allah Khumayni in Paris at the
conclusion of 5 days of talks. [LT]
Nov. 4: Violent demonstrations erupted in Tehran. At
least 10 people were reported killed. [LT]
Nov. 5: Demonstrators in Tehran toppled a statue of
the Shah at the university and set hotels and public
buildings ablaze. The British Embassy was set afire.
 CHRONOLOGY
Troops repulsed an attack on the US Embassy. [LT]
Imami resigned the Premiership. [NYTI
Ayat Allah Khumayni and opposition National
Front leader SanjabIissued a statement in Paris saying
they would not support any coalition government un-
less the Shah agreed on a referendum on the mon-
archy. [NYT]
Nov. 6: A new military Cabinet was named as follows:
Ghulam Riza Azhari: Premier
Khusraw Afshar Qasimlu: ForeignAffairs
Riza-i 'Azimi: War
Karim-i Mu'tamidi: Post, Telegraph& Telephone
'Abbas Qarabaghi:Interior
Ghul-am'Ali Uvaysi: Laborand Social Affairs
Abu al-Hasan Sa'adatmand:Information& Tourism
Husayn Rabjil: Housing & Urban Development
Iraj Muqaddam: Energy
Kamal al-Din Mir Habiballahi: Culture & Arts,
Education& Training and Science& Higher Education
[FBIS & MEED]
Ayat Allah Khumayni said the opposition would
find "some other means of solving the problem" if
"political methods" failed. [NYT)
Nov. 7.' The military government announced it had ar-
rested 14 prominent officials including the former
head of SAVAK and 6 former Cabinet ministers.
[NYTI
Nov. 8.' Former Premier Huvayda was arrested. The mili-
tary government announced that 54 indictments of
former public officials and businessmen had been is-
sued on charges of corruption. [NYTI
The Shah ordered an investigation of all investments
and business dealings of the imperial family. [NYT)
Nov. 11.' The military government arrested Sanjbhi in
Tehran. [NYT]
Demonstrations took place in Ahwaz and Khorram-
shahr. Eight people were killed in clashes between
demonstrators and troops in the 2 cities. [NYTI
Nov. 12.' The military government ordered striking oil
employees back to work and threatened to dismiss
those who refused. [NYT]
Nov. 13.' Oilfields reported that more than 60% of their
workers had returned to their jobs. [NYT]
Nov. 14.' Demonstrators clashed with troops in the bazaar
of Tehran. [NYT]
Clashes in Sunqur and Lahijan between security
forces and demonstrators left a total of 6 people dead.
[NYT)
Most oilworkers in the Abadan refinery and the off-
shore installations returned to work. Higher absen-
teeism was reported in the Ahwaz oilfields. [NYT)
Iraq
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, Iran, Kuwayt, Libya,
Pakistan, South Yemen, Syria, Turkey)
1978
Aug. 23.' The WashingtonPost cited the Iraq News Agency
as reporting that a counselor at the Syrian Embassy
51
had been expelled from Iraq because of his "estab-
lished association with recent acts of sabotage in
Baghdad." [WPI
Aug. 26: Finance Minister Fawzi 'Abdallah met with
Chadian Minister of Economy Ahmed Kerim Togoi
in Iraq. [FBISI
Aug. 28. Kuwayti Oil Minister Shaykh 'All al-Khalifah
Al Sabah,met with Oil Minister Tayih 'Abd al-Karim.
[FBIS]
The Iraq News Agencyreported a death in Iraq from
cholera. [WPJ
Sept. 11: Vice President Taha Muhyi al-Din Ma'riufmet
with North Korean President Kim il-Sung in
Pyongyang. [FBIS}
Vice President Mariuf arrived in Moscow from
Pyongyang for meetings with Soviet leaders. [FBIS}
A letter bomb sent from Italy to the Iraqi Embassy
in London was defused. [LT]
Sept. 12: Maruif had talks in Moscow with Soviet Pre-
mier Alexei Kosygin. [MEED}
Sept. 18. South Yemeni Presidential Council Chairman
'All Nasir Muhammad arrived in Baghdad and met
with President Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr. [FBISJ
Sept.30: Ugandan President Idi Amin arrived in Baghdad
for talks with Iraqi leaders. [MEED}
Oct. 3: Revolution Command Council Vice Chairman
$addam Husayn returned to Baghdad at the end of a
visit to 2 Arab countries. [FBIS}
Oct. 24: Syrian President Hafiz al-Asad arrived in
Baghdad and met with President Bakr. [LT]
Oct. 26: Syria and Iraq signed a charter of mutual coop-
eration in Baghdad. The charter called for the setting
up of a "joint political committee" to govern military
and economic relations between the 2 countries. [LT}
Israel
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, Lebanon)
1978
Aug. 23. The Democratic Movement for Change agreed
to split into 2 groups under Deputy Premier Yigal
Yadin and Knesset Member Amnon Rubinstein. Min-
ister of Transport Meir Amit remained undecided as
to which faction to join. [JPJ
Sept. 2. The Dutch newspaper Throuw cited Austrian
Chancellor Bruno Kreisky as calling Premier Menahem
Begin a "political grocer." [WP}
Sept. 3: Israel officially protested to Austria the remarks
about Premier Begin attributed to Chancellor
Kreisky. [WP)
Sept. 5. The Washington Post reported that Kreisky had
denied remarks attributed to him by the Dutch paper.
[WPI
Sept. 13: Minister of Transport Amit, a member of the
Democratic Movement for Change, submitted his
resignation from the Cabinet. He stated that a new
political party would be established the following day.
[FBISJ
52 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Sept. 29. Begin was admitted to a hospital suffering from
fatigue. [WPJ
Nov. 7. Begin met with Canadian Premier Pierre Tru-
deau in Ottawa. {FBISI}
Jerusalem Mayor Teddy Kollek was reelected to his
fourth term. [NYT}
Jordan
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, Bahrayn, Qatar)
1978
Aug. 19. The following ministers were appointed:
'Abd al-Ratuf al-Rawabidah:Health
Hikmat al-Sakit: Agriculture
Satid al-Tall: Communications{FBISJ
Aug. 21: Premier Mudar Bedran began a 2 week visit
to Czechoslovakia. (MEEDI
Sept. 4: King H3usaynand Queen Nu-r left Amman on a
private visit to London. [FBISI
Sept. 26. Syrian President H-ahz al-Asad arrived in
Amman for talks with King Husayn. [FBIS)
Oct. 3. King Ijusayn returned to Amman at the end of
a tour of 5 Arab states. [FBIS}
Nov. 7: King 1Husaynmet with West German Chancellor
Helmut Schmidt in Bonn. [NYTI
Kuwayt
(See also, Petroleum Affairs, Bahrayn, Iraq, Lebanon,
South Yemen, Turkey, United Arab Amirates)
1978
Aug. 27: It was announced that the government had
set up a committee to investigate charges that em-
ployees of Kuwait Airlines had received payoffs from
the US company Boeing. [WPJ
Aug. 29: Oil Minister Shaykh 'All al-Khalifah Al Sabah
returned to Kuwayt from a tour of Arab states. [FBISJ
Sept. 28: Syrian President Hafiz al-Asad met with Amir
Shaykh Jabir al-Ahmad Al $abah in Kuwayt. [FBISJ
Oct.3. Iraqi Vice Chairman of the Revolution Command
Council $addam Husayn arrived in Kuwayt and met
with Crown Prince Shaykh Sa'd al-'Abdallah Al $abah.
[FBISI
Lebanon
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, Syria)
1978
Aug. 17: Premier Salim al-Huss accused Israel of "base
intervention" in south Lebanon. (JPJ
Aug. 25: Lebanese Shi'a leader Imam Musa Sadr arrived
in Libya for a visit. [MEED]
Aug. 28: Foreign Minister Fu'ad Butrus met with Syrian
President Hafiz al-Asad in Latakia. [WP}
Two members of the Israeli Knesset warned that if
Syrian attacks against Christians in Lebanon contin-
ued, Israel might have to intervene. [WPJ
Aug. 30. The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
(UNIFIL) reached agreement with Christian militia
forces in south Lebanon to set up observation posts
in Marj 'Uyun and Bint Jubayil. IMEEDI
The WashingtonPost reported that Syrian President
Asad had warned that Syria would "directly confront"
Israel if it attempted any form of military action against
Syrian forces in Lebanon. [WPI
Sudanese President Ja'far al-Numayri said he was
not "satisfied" with the actions of the Arab League
peacekeeping force in Lebanon and would withdraw
the Sudanese forces from it in October. [MEEDI
Former President Sulayman Franjiyyah met with
former Premier RashId Kar6ml and Progressive So-
cialist Party leader Walld Junblat in Ihdin. [FBISJ
Aug. 31. The Ihdin conference ended. A statement was
issued which supported the Arab peacekeeping force
in Lebanon and called the unity of Lebanon the "fun-
damental aim" of the participants. {FBISI
Israeli Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan warned that
the "creeping occupation" of Lebanon by Syria could
lead to the placement of Syrian missiles and Soviet
advisers along Israel's border. [WP}
Christian militiamen opened fire on a UNIFIL unit
located about 4 miles from Marj 'Uyun. [WP}
Sept. 4. Syria strengthened its air defenses in eastern
Lebanon. [WPJ
The Washington Post reported that heavy fighting
in the suburb of al-Hadath had broken out between
Syrian troops and Christian militiamen. [WP}
Sept. 6. Syrian peacekeeping forces clashed with
Christian militia overnight. [LT]
Sept. 8: Christian militiamen in the south fired on
UNIFIL troops and refused to let a UN outpost be
set up. [WPI
Sept. 10: Artillery duels between Syrian and Christian
militiamen in the al-Hadath suburb of Beirut during
the night were replaced by sniper fire at dawn. [LT]
Israeli jets set off sonic booms over Beirut. [LT]
Sept. 13: A general strike was held by Christians in east
Beirut to protest Syrian bombardment of Christian
areas in the city. [LT]
Sept. 15. A general strike in Muslim areas of west Beirut
was held to protest the disappearance of Shi'a Muslim
leader Mu-saSadr during a trip to Libya. [LT]
Sept. 24: Syrian troops fired rockets and mortar shells
into Christian areas of Beirut. [LT]
Sept.26: Syrian peacekeeping troops exchanged machine
gun fire with Christian militiamen in the Beirut suburb
of al-Hadath. [LTI
Former President Alfred Naccache died, aged 91.
[LT]
Sept. 28: Heavy fighting between Christian militiamen
and Syrian troops spread to most of east Beirut. [LT]
US President Jimmy Carter said the US had been
exploring the possibility of convening an international
 CHRONOLOGY
peace conference that might involve a "new charter for
Lebanon." [LT]
Sept. 30. Syrian troops and Christian militiamen traded
artillery and rocket fire in east Beirut. A ceasefire was
arranged. [WPJ
Oct. 1: The ceasefire called the day before collapsed in
Beirut. Sporadic mortar fire gained in intensity. [LT]
Oct. 2: President Ily-asSarkis said he would implement a
"security plan" to bring the "principalLebanese politi-
cal forces" into a new government. [LT}
Oct. 3. Heavy explosions rocked east Beirut as Syrian
troops and Christian militiamen exchanged artillery
fire. Electric power in Beirut was knocked out and the
main water installation was damaged by shellfire. [LT]
Oct.4. Syrian troops and Christian militiamen intensified
their fighting. Phalanges radio estimated that 500
people had been killed or wounded since dawn. [LT]
Oct. 5. Syrian mortar and rocket fire bombarded
Christian positions in east Beirut. [LT]
Oct. 6: President Sarkis met with Asad in Damascus on
the situation in Lebanon. [FBIS}
World leaders called for a ceasefire in Beirut but
fighting between the opposing forces continued. [LT]
Israeli Deputy Premier Yigael Yadin reaffirmed
Israel's commitment "not to allow the destruction of
the Christian minority in Lebanon." [LT]
The Times of London reported that Israel had
shelled portions of west Beirut during the night. [LT]
The UN Security Council unanimously passed a
resolution calling on "allthose involved in hostilities in
Lebanon" to stop fighting so that "internal peace and
national reconciliation can be restored based on the
preservation of Lebanese unity, territorialintegrity, in-
dependence and national sovereignty." [WP}
Oct. 9: Sarkis arrived in Saudi Arabia to seek support
for a peace plan to create a buffer zone of Lebanese
troops to separate Christian and Syrian forces in
Beirut. [LT]
Oct. 10: Sarkis arrived in Doha from Abiu Dhabi on a
tour of Arab states. [FBIS]
Sniper fire marred the ceasefire for the third con-
secutive day. [LT]
Oct. 11: Sarkis met with Kuwayti Amir Shaykh Jb-ir
al-Ahmad Al Sablahin Kuwayt. Later he flew to Am-
man for talks with King Husayn. [FBISJ
Sarkis arrived in Damascus for talks with Asad on
the result of the tour of Arab states. [FBIS}
The Times of London reported that Syria had sent
troops of the Palestine Liberation Army into positions
near east Beirut. [LT]
Shells were fired across the truce lines in east Beirut.
[LTJ
Oct. 13: About 1,000 soldiers of the Lebanese Army
took up positions between Syrian artillery and
Christian militiamen in the Beirut suburb of al-
Hadath. [LT]
Oct. 15: The Foreign Ministers of Syria, Saudi Arabia
and Kuwayt met in Damascus on the situation in
Lebanon. The meeting caused a delay in the opening
of a ministerial conference in Lebanon. [LT]
A conference of Arab Foreign Ministers opened
at Bayt al-Din palace. [FBISJ
53
Oct. 16. Syrian Foreign Minister 'Abd al-Halim Khaddam
said Syria was determined to end collaboration be-
tween Christian militia groups and Israel. [WPI
Oct. 177: The Washington Post reported that French
Foreign Minister Louis de Guiringaud said former
President Camille Sham'un acting on "ill considered
advice" from Israel "bearsthe principle responsibility"
for events in Lebanon. [WP}
The ministerial conference ended at Bayt al-Din.
A communique was issued calling for termination of
"armed manifestations" and forbidding Lebanese to
deal with "the Israeli enemy." [LT}
Oct. 18. French Premier Raymond Barre disavowed the
statements of accusation by Foreign Minister de
Guiringaud. [JP}
Oct. 20: Syrian troops lifted a siege against Christians
in east Beirut and handed over strategic positions to
Saudi Arabian peacekeeping troops. [LT]
Oct. 24. Shooting broke out between Christian militia-
men and Syrian troops in the Dekwani suburb of
Beirut. [LT]
Oct. 26: The Arab League Council agreed to extend
the mandate of the peacekeeping forces in Lebanon
for 6 months. [FBISJ
Oct. 27. Christian militiamen attacked 2 unarmed UN
soldiers at a UN observation post near Bint Jubayl.
The observation post was temporarily evacuated. [LT]
Nov. 2. Lebanese Army dissidents ambushed Foreign
Minister Fu'adButrus in Beirut but he escaped unhurt.
At least 5 people were wounded. [LT]
Nov. 7. Sniper fire broke out in Beirut. Christian militia-
men accused Syrian troops of killing 3 Lebanese and
1 Saudi Arabian soldier. [NYT]
Libya
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, Lebanon, Pakistan,
South Yemen, Sudan, Tunisia)
1978
Aug. 17. General Secretariat Member 'Abd al-Salam
Jalliudreturned to Tripoli at the end of a tour of the
People's Republic of China, North Korea and Paki-
stan. [FBIS}
An employee at the Iraqi Embassy in Tripoli was
assassinated. [FBISJ
Aug. 22: An air force college was opened in Sabhah.
[MEED)
Aug. 27: The Washington Post reported that Chad had
reached an agreement with Libyan backed rebels con-
cerning the governing of Chad until a new constitution
could be adopted. [WPJ
Sept. 6: Syrian Foreign Minister 'Abd al-Halim Khaddam
arrived in Tripoli and met with Secretary General
Mu'ammar al-Qadhdhafi. [FBIS}
Sept. 15: Libyan Foreign Secretary 'Ali 'Abd al-Salam
al-Turayki returned to Libya at the end of a visit to
Ethiopia and Sudan. [FBIS}
54 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Sept. 26. Ugandan President Idi Amin arrived in Tripoli
and met with Secretary General Qadhdhafi. [FBISI
Oct. 30: Maltese Premier Dom Mintoff met with
Qadhdhafi in Libya. [FBISJ
Nov. 15. Italian Premier Giulio Andreotti arrived in
Tripoli and met with Qadhdhifi. [FBIS]
Morocco
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, Algeria, Egypt)
1978
Aug. 20. King Hasan rejected a proposal that would set
up a Saharan state in territory claimed by Mauritania.
[MEED}
Sept. 1. Middle East EconomicDigest reported that Mo-
rocco had protested to Algeria about an alleged attack
on August 27 in which Algeria had attacked troops
stationed near the Algerian border. [MEED)
Sept. 3. Algeria denied its troops had attacked Moroccan
troops inside Morocco in August. [MEEDI
Sept. 18. Mauritanian Head of State Moustapha Ould
Mohamed Saleck left Morocco for Nouakchott at the
end of a visit. [FBISJ
Sept. 23. Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat left Rabat
for Cairo at the end of a 3 day private visit. [FBIS}
Sept. 30: The US turned over a military base in Kenitra
to Morocco. It was the last US military base in Africa.
[WPI
Oct. 3. Foreign Minister Mohammed Boucetta sent a
message to UN Secretary General Kurt Waldheim
accusing Algeria of "a flagrant violation of the UN
Charter" on September 30 when Algerian troops al-
legedly invaded Morocco. [FBIS}
Oct. 10. A Cabinet reshuffle took place:
Abdel-LatifJouhari: Premier'sOffice
Azzeddine Bouessous: Tourism
Abdel-Hadi Boutaleb: Information
Mansour Ben-Ali: Religious Endowmentsand Islamic
Affairs [MEEDI
Oct. 11.' Spain postponed a visit by King Juan Carlos
to Morocco after Foreign Minister Boucetta referred
to Moroccan claims to Ceuta and 2 Spanish enclaves
in North Africa. [LT]
Nov. 13. King Hasan arrived in Washington for talks
with US leaders. [FBISI
Oman
1978
Oct. 2.' Jordanian King Husayn arrived in Salalah for
meetings with Sultan Qabus bin Sa'id. [FBIS}
Oct. 24: Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister Sa'id al-Faysal
arrived in Oman on a tour of Gulf States. [FBISI
Pakistan
(See also, Afghanistan, Iran, Libya, South Yemen)
1978
Aug. 17. Libyan General Secretariat Member 'Abd al-
Salam Jallhudleft Islamabad at the end of a visit to
Pakistan. [FBISJ
Aug. 23. Chief Martial Law Administrator Mohammad
Zia-ul-Haq said that France had backed out of a con-
tract to supply a nuclear reprocessing plant to Pakistan.
[WP}
Aug. 24. A new Cabinet was sworn in by President Fazal
Elahi Chaudhry:
Ghulam Ishaq Khan: Finance & Planning
A. K. Brohi: Law & ParliamentaryAffairs
Fida Mohammad Khan: Housing & Works
Ghulam Mustafa Gokal: Shipping, Ports & Export
Promotion
Mohammad Haroon: Interior
Mohammad Khan Jonejo: Railways
Mohammad Ali Khan: Education, Culture & Tourism
Mohyuddin Baluch: Communications
Sharifuddin Pirzada:Attorney General
Khawaja Mohammad Safdar: Food & Agriculture Co-
operatives
Mian Zahid Sarfraz:Commerce
Chaudhry Zahur Elahi: Labor & Manpower
Ghafoor Ahmed: Production
Chaudhry Rehmat Elahi: Water & Power
Haji FaqirMohammad Khan:States & FrontierRegions
Mohammad Zaman Khan Achakzai: LocalGovernment
& Rural Development
Mir Subuh Sadiq Khan Khoso: Health & Population
Planning
Mohammad Arshad Chaudhry: Science& Technology
Ali Ahmad Talpur: Defense
Iftikhar Ahmad Ansari:Religiousand MinoritiesAffairs
Azam Farooqi: Information & Broadcasting
Mahmud All: State
Javed Hashmi: State
Hamid Habib: State [PA}
Aug. 31. Chief Martial Law Administrator Zia-ul-Haq
met with Indian Premier Morarji Desai on bilateral
relations. [FBIS}
Sept. 7. Iraqi Vice President Taha Muhyi al-Din Ma'ruf
met with Zia-ul-Haq in Islamabad. [FBIS}
Sept. 8. Advisor on Foreign Affairs Agha Shahi returned
to Islamabad at the end of a 3 day visit to China.
[FBIS]
Sept. 11: Zia-ul-Haq returned to Karachi at the end of
visits to Iran and Afghanistan. (FBISJ
Sept. 16. Zia-ul-Haq was sworn in as President. {LT}
Sept. 18. The Times of London reported that the Tehrik-
i-Istiqlal Party had met in Karachiin defiance of martial
law. [LT]
Oct. 4. Benazir Bhutto, the daughter of former Premier
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was arrested at Multan airport.
The arrest sparked violent demonstrations in Multan.
[LT]
 CHRONOLOGY
Oct. 8: The government announced the release of jour-
nalists and pressmen arrested in recent weeks in pro-
tests against government press policies. [LT]
Oct. 9. The Times of London reported that the govern-
ment and newspaper unions had agreed on procedures
to reinstate most people dismissed from newspaper
jobs. [LT}
Oct. 10.: It was announced that a special court had been
set up in Sind under provisions of the "Suppression
of Terrorist Activities Act." [LT}
Oct. 17: Several newspapers in Karachi, Lahore and
Rawalpindi were directed to submit to precensorship
by the provincial governments of Sind and Punjab.
[LTI
Oct. 18. Newspapers subjected to precensorship decided
to stage a protest strike and suspend publication. [LT]
Oct. 22: Newspapers subjected to precensorship re-
sumed publication. [LT}
Oct. 30. Zia-ul-Haq dismissed the President of the state
of Jammu and Kashmir and appointed Mohammad
Hayat Khan in his place. [LT]
Nov. 14. UAA President Shaykh Zayd bin Sultan Al
Nuhayyan arrived in Karachi on a private visit to Paki-
stan. [FBISJ
Zia-ul-Haq returned to Islamabad at the end of a
visit to Saudi Arabia. [FBIS}
Qatar
(See also, Bahrayn, Lebanon)
1978
Aug. 28. Yemeni Foreign Minister 'Abdallah al-Asnaj
arrived in Doha for meetings with Qatari leaders.
[FBIS}
Sept. 9. Japanese Premier Takeo Fukuda arrived in Doha
for talks with Ruler Shaykh Khalifah bin Hamad Al
Thnii. [FBIS)
Oct. 2: Jordanian King Husayn arrived in Doha and met
with Amir Shaykh Khalifah. [FBISJ
Oct. 7: Palestine Liberation Organization leader Yasir
'Arafat met with Amir Shaykh Khalifah in Doha.
[FBISJ
Oct. 23. Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister SaOudal-Fay5al
met with Shaykh Khalifah in Doha. [FBISJ
Oct.25. Yemeni Foreign Minister Asnaj arrived in Doha
on a tour of Gulf states. [FBIS)
Saudi Arabia
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, Petroleum Affairs,
Lebanon, Qatar, Yemen)
1978
Aug. 19. Yemeni Foreign Minister 'Abdallah al-Asnaj
met with Foreign Minister Sa'ud al-Faysal in al-Ta'if.
[FBIS}
55
US Secretary of the Treasury Michael Blumenthal
met with Finance Minister Muhammad Aba al-Khayl
in Florida on the strength of the dollar. [WPI
Sept. 11. Japanese Premier Takeo Fukuda met with King
Khalid in Saudi Arabia. {FBIS}
Sept. 23. King Khalid arrived in Geneva on a 3 day
private visit. [WPI
Sept. 26: Saudi Arabia became the 21st member of the
International Monetary Fund board of directors, and
one of 8 states with a permanent seat on the board.
[MEED}
Sept. 27. King Khalid left Switzerland for the US for
medical treatment. [WP}
Syrian President Hafiz al-Asad ended talks with
Crown Prince Fahd in al-Ta'if. [FBIS}
Sept. 30. Jordanian King Husayn met with Crown Prince
Fahd in Jidda. '[FBISJ
Oct.2: Iraqi Vice Chairmanof the Revolution Command
Council $addam Husayn arrived inJidda and met with
Crown Prince Fahd. [FBISJ
Oct. 3. King Khalid underwent heart surgery in Cleve-
land, Ohio. {LT}
Oct. 8: Palestine Liberation Organization leader Yasir
'Arafat met with Crown Prince Fahd in Saudi Arabia.
[FBIS}
Oct. 25: Ugandan President Idi Amin met with Crown
Prince Fahd in Jidda. [FBIS}
Nov. 3. King Khalid returned to Saudi Arabia from
Bermuda. [LT]
South Yemen
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, Iraq, Syria)
1978
Aug. 16: Minister of Finance Fadhil Muhsin 'Abdallah
returned to Aden at the end of a tour of Kuwayt,
Iraq, Libya and Algeria. {FBISJ
Aug. 19: Communications Minister 'Abdallah 'Ushaysh
returned to Aden at the end of a tour of India, Afghan-
istan and Pakistan. [FBIS}
Oct. 14: Aden DomesticServicereported that the Central
Committee of the Yemeni Socialist Party had elected
members of the Political Bureau the night before.
[FBIS}
Oct.31: The People's Supreme Assembly met in extraor-
dinary session and passed an amended constitution.
[FBIS]
Sudan
(See also, Lebanon, Libya)
1978
Sept. 13: Libyan Foreign Secretary 'All 'Abd al-Salam
al-Turayki met with President Ja'far al-NumayrI dur-
ing a visit to Sudan. [FBIS}
56 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Sept. 17. 'All Shummu was appointed Minister of Culture
and Information. [FBISJ
Sept. 19. President Numayri left Khartoum for a visit
to the United States. [FBIS]
Sept. 21: Numayri met with US President Jimmy Carter
in Washington. [FBIS}
Oct. 1: Numayri began a visit to West Germany. [FBISJ
Oct. 19: Vice President al-Rashid al-Tahir Bakr met with
US Secretary of State Cyrus Vance at Khartoum air-
port. {FBIS]
Oct. 23: Nigerian Head of State Olusegun Obasanjo
arrived in Khartoum on a 3 day state visit. [FBISJ
Oct. 25: A trade agreement with Nigeria was signed
in Khartoum. [FBISJ
Syria
(See also, Arab Israeli Conflict, Algeria, Iraq, Jordan,
Kuwayt, Lebanon, Libya)
1978
Aug. 17: Former Lebanese President SulaymanFranjiyyah
met with President Hafiz al-Asad in Latakia. [FBIS]
Aug. 31: Foreign Minister 'Abd al-Halim Khaddam met
with Soviet Chairman of the Council of Ministers
Alexei Kosygin at the Kremlin. [FBIS]
Sept. 11: President Asad left Damascus on a visit to
Bonn for talks with West German Chancellor Helmut
Schmidt. [CSM}
Sept. 12: Asad met with West German Chancellor
Helmut Schmidt. [FBIS]
Sept. 15: Asad returned to Damascus at the end of a 5
day visit to West Germany. [MEED}
Sept. 19: South Yemeni Presidential Council Chairman
'Ali Nasir Muhammad arrived in Damascus to partici-
pate in the summit conference of the "steadfastness"
states. [FBIS]
Sept. 28: Asad returned to Damascus at the end of a
tour of 3 Arab states. [FBISJ
Oct. 1: Asad arrived in East Berlin for talks with East
German leaders. {MEED]
Oct. 6: Asad returned to Damascus at the end of a visit
to Moscow. [FBIS]
Oct. 7: Iraqi Revolution Command Council Member
Tariq 'Azlz met with Asad in Syria. {FBISJ
Tunisia
1978
Aug. 31: President Habib Bourguiba returned to Tunisia
at the end of 2 months of medical treatment in France
and Switzerland. [MEEDI
Sept. 15. The Turkish Daily News reported that 30 former
labor leaders had gone on trial accused of conspiring
to overthrow the government during riots in January.
[TDNJ
Sept. 16: The following Cabinet changes were an-
nounced:
Fuad Mbazaa: Public Health
Hedi Zghal: Youth & Sports
The appointments were effective from September 13.
[MEED}
Sept. 20: The following appointments were made:
Chedli Klibi: Information
Mohammad Yaalaoui: Cultural Affairs [MEED]
Vietnamese Vice President Nguyen Huu Tho ar-
rived in Tunis and met with Premier Hedi Nouira.
[FBIS3
Oct. 1.' Libyan Foreign Secretary 'All 'Abd al-Salam al-
Turayki arrived in Tunis for talks with Tunisian
leaders. [FBIS]
Oct. 10. A trial involving 30 trade union leaders ended
in Tunis. Six men were acquitted. Sentences for the
others ranged from 10 years hard labor to suspended
sentences. [LT]
Oct. 23: President Bourguiba left Tunis for medical ex-
aminations in Paris. [FBISJ
Oct. 27: Bourguiba was flown to Cologne from Paris
after undergoing medical tests in a Parisian hospital.
[LT}
Turkey
(See also, Cyprus)
1978
Aug. 23. Iraqi Revolution Command Council Member
'Adnan Husayn met in Ankara with Foreign Minister
Gunduz Oksun. [FBIS]
Aug. 25: An agreement with Iraq was signed in Ankara
under the terms of which oil deliveries to Turkey
would resume and Turkey's outstanding oil debt
would be repaid. [MEES)
Aug. 28: Talks with Greece on the control of Aegean
air space opened in Athens. [MEEDI
Sept.5. Rival Muslim groups clashed in Sivas. The clashes
left 5 people dead and 100 injured. [WP}
Sept. 13.' The WashingtonPost reported that 2 Greek de-
stroyers had passed through the Dardanelles on a
"courtesy call" to the Soviet port of Odessa. [WPI
Sept. 18: Deputy Premier Turkan Feyzioglu resigned
from the Cabinet and withdrew the Republican Re-
liance Party (RRP) from the government. [MEEDI
The second RRP representative in the government
resigned from the RRP and stayed in the government.
[TDN}
Sept. 19: The Secretaries General of the Greek and
Turkish foreign ministries ended 2 days of talks in
Athens. [LT]
Sept. 30: A gunman murdered the wife and daughter
of the Austrian Ambassador on a beach on the Medi-
terranean coast. [LT]
Oct. 2.' Bangladesh President Ziaur Rahman arrived in
Turkey for talks with government leaders. [TDNI
Oct. 4: The government announced it would re-open
4 US bases in Turkey within a week. [TDN]
 CHRONOLOGY
Oct. 8: Gunmen killed 4 members of the Labor Party
and abducted 2 others in Ankara. [LT]
Oct. 9: The 2 kidnapped Labor Party members were
found slain. [LT]
Oct. 20: A former president of Istanbul Technical Uni-
versity was assassinated by gunmen in Istanbul. [LT]
Oct. 24: The lira was devalued against 11 European cur-
rencies, the Kuwayti dinar and the Australian dollar.
[TDN]
Nov. 1: The Times of London reported that a Turkish
gunboat had rammed and sunk a Greek fishing trawler
in the Aegean. It cited "sources"as saying the incident
occurred in Turkish territorial waters. [LT]
Nov. 12. Premier Bulent Ecevit left Turkey on a visit
to Rumania. [TDNI
United Arab Amirates
(See also, Lebanon)
1978
Aug. 28: Kuwayti Petroleum Minister Shaykh 'Ali
Khalifah Al Sabah.arrived in AbCuDhabi and met with
Petroleum Minister Mani' Sa'id al-'Utaybah. [FBIS]
Sept. 100:Japanese Premier Takeo Fukuda arrived in
Abui Dhabi and met with President Shaykh Zayd bin
Sultan Al Nuhayyan. [FBIS]
Sept. 12: President Shaykh Zayd left Abui Dhabi on a
2 week private visit to Switzerland. [FBIS]
Oct. 5: Petroleum Minister 'Utaybah returned to Abiu
Dhabi at the end of a visit to Japan. [FBIS]
Oct. 19: Shaykh Zayd returned to the UAA from Spain
at the end of a private visit to Europe. [FBISJ
57
Oct. 25: Yemeni Foreign Minister 'Abdallah al-Asnaj
met with Shaykh Zayd in Abiu Dhabi. [FBISJ
Yemen
(See also, Qatar, United Arab Amirates)
1978
Aug. 21: President 'All 'Abdallah S,alih met with Arab
League Secretary General Mahmud Riyad, in $an'a'.
[FBISI
Sept. 6. Seven people were executed after being con-
victed of sabotage and other crimes. [FBISI
Oct. 12: Foreign Minister 'Abdallah al-Asnaj returned
to San'a' at the end of a 3 day visit to Saudi Arabia.
[FBISJ
Oct. 15: An abortive coup took place in $an'a' at dawn.
[FBIS}
Oct.22. Foreign Minister Asnaj said that the government
would close all foreign consulates in Yemen. [LT]
Oct. 25: The Cabinet was reshuffled and the following
changes were made:
Ahmad 'Abd al-Rahman al-Samawi: Finance
Isma'il al-Wazilr:Justice
'Ali Lutf al-Thawr: Development and Chairman of
Central Planning Organization
Muhammad al-Shu-hat-:Economy
'Abd al-'Azlz al-Barati:Interior [MEED}
Oct. 27: A military court sentenced 9 men to death for
their part in the abortive coup. [FBIS]
Nov. 5. A former Cabinet Minister and 11 other men
were executed for their part in the abortive coup. [LT]